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48-1026: Ilmari Gender Male Origin Word/name from Ilmarinen in Kalevala Meaning ilma = air Region of origin Finnish Ilmari is a Finnish male given name. It is a short form of Ilmarinen , a mythological smith in the Kalevala . Notable people with the name include: Ilmari Aalto (1891–1934), Finnish painter Ilmari Auer (1879–1965), Finnish politician Ilmari Juutilainen (1914–1999), Finnish fighter pilot Ilmari Hannikainen (1892–1955), Finnish composer Ilmari Kianto (1874–1970), Finnish poet Ilmari Keinänen (1887–1934), Finnish gymnast and Olympic medalist Ilmari Niemeläinen (1910–1951), Finnish diver, architect and Olympic competitor Ilmari ( Keisuke Ogihara , born 1976), member of

96-511: A geographical one, with Samoyedic being distinct by lexical borrowing rather than actually being historically divergent. It has been proposed that the area in which Proto-Finno-Ugric was spoken reached between the Baltic Sea and the Ural Mountains . Traditionally, the main set of evidence for the genetic proposal of Proto-Finno-Ugric has come from vocabulary. A large amount of vocabulary (e.g.

144-601: A longer period of independent development, and its divergent vocabulary could be caused by mechanisms of replacement such as language contact . (The Finno-Ugric group is usually dated to approximately 4,000 years ago, the Samoyedic a little over 2,000.) Proponents of the traditional binary division note, however, that the invocation of extensive contact influence on vocabulary is at odds with the grammatical conservatism of Samoyedic. The consonant *š ( voiceless postalveolar fricative , [ʃ] ) has not been conclusively shown to occur in

192-463: A lowering *u → *o in Samoyedic (PU * lumi → *lomə → Proto-Samoyedic *jom ). Janhunen (2007, 2009) notes a number of derivational innovations in Finno-Ugric, including *ńoma "hare" → *ńoma-la , (vs. Samoyedic *ńomå ), *pexli "side" → *peel-ka → *pelka "thumb", though involving Proto-Uralic derivational elements. The Finno-Ugric group is not typologically distinct from Uralic as

240-603: A phylogenic grouping is under challenge, with some linguists maintaining that the Finno-Permic languages are as distinct from the Ugric languages as they are from the Samoyedic languages spoken in Siberia, or even that none of the Finno-Ugric, Finno-Permic, or Ugric branches has been established. Received opinion is that the easternmost (and last discovered) Samoyed had separated first and

288-723: A similar, Estonian masculine given name Ilmārs , a similar, Latvian masculine given name References [ edit ] ^ Behind the Name: Ilmarinen [REDACTED] Name list This page or section lists people that share the same given name . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change that link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmari&oldid=1159998507 " Categories : Given names Finnish masculine given names Masculine given names Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description

336-662: A whole: the most widespread structural features among the group all extend to the Samoyedic languages as well. Modern linguistic research has shown that Volgaic languages is a geographical classification rather than a linguistic one, because the Mordvinic languages are more closely related to the Finno-Samic languages than the Mari languages . The relation of the Finno-Permic and the Ugric groups

384-619: Is * yk+teksa and * kak+teksa , respectively, where * teksa cf. deka is an Indo-European loan; the difference between /t/ and /d/ is not phonemic, unlike in Indo-European. Another analysis is * ykt-e-ksa , * kakt-e-ksa , with * e being the negative verb. 100-word Swadesh lists for certain Finno-Ugric languages can be compared and contrasted at the Rosetta Project website: Finnish , Estonian , Hungarian , and Erzya . The four largest ethnic groups that speak Finno-Ugric languages are

432-629: Is a major obstacle. As for the Finno-Ugric Urheimat , most of what has been said about it is speculation. Some linguists criticizing the Finno-Ugric genetic proposal, especially Angela Marcantonio, also question the validity of the entire Uralic family, instead proposing a Ural–Altaic hypothesis , within which they believe Finno-Permic may be as distant from Ugric as from Turkic. However, this approach has been rejected by nearly all other specialists in Uralic linguistics. One argument in favor of

480-543: Is a traditional linguistic grouping of all languages in the Uralic language family except for the Samoyedic languages . Its once commonly accepted status as a subfamily of Uralic is based on criteria formulated in the 19th century and is criticized by some contemporary linguists such as Tapani Salminen and Ante Aikio . The three most spoken Uralic languages, Hungarian , Finnish , and Estonian , are all included in Finno-Ugric. The term Finno-Ugric , which originally referred to

528-477: Is adjudged remote by some scholars. On the other hand, with a projected time depth of only 3,000 to 4,000 years, the traditionally accepted Finno-Ugric grouping would be far younger than many major families such as Indo-European or Semitic , and would be about the same age as, for instance, the Eastern subfamily of Nilotic . But the grouping is far from transparent or securely established. The absence of early records

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576-584: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Ilmarinen Cognates of the Finnish word ilma ('air') are attested in almost all the main Finno-Ugric languages apart from the Mari and Mordvinic languages , allowing the reconstruction of proto-Finno-Ugric * ilma meaning something like 'sky'. This noun is also attested as the name of a god in Khanty ( Num-Iləm ), Komi ( Jen ), Udmurt ( Inmar ) and

624-543: Is organised annually by students of Finno-Ugric languages to bring together people from all over the world who are interested in the languages and cultures. The first conference was held in 1984 in Göttingen in Germany. IFUSCO features presentations and workshops on topics such as linguistics, ethnography, history and more. The International Congress for Finno-Ugric Studies is the largest scientific meeting of scientists studying

672-418: Is possible that such words have been acquired by the languages only after the initial dissolution of the Uralic family into individual dialects, and that the scarcity of loanwords in Samoyedic results from its peripheric location. The number systems among the Finno-Ugric languages are particularly distinct from the Samoyedic languages: only the numerals "2", "5", and "7" have cognates in Samoyedic, while also

720-495: The Finnic languages , suggesting that proto-Finno-Ugric likewise had a sky god credited with creating the sky called * Ilma . In Proto-Finnic, the suffix - r(i) , which is used to form words for people associated with the root word, was added to * ilma to give the god-name * Ilmar(i) ('Sky-being'); rare attestations of similar forms such as Udmurt Ilmar and Sámi Ilmaris seem to be loans from Finnic. In Kalevala metre poetry,

768-607: The Hungarians (14.5 million), Finns (6.5 million), Estonians (1.1 million), and Mordvins (0.85 million). Majorities of three (the Hungarians, Finns, and Estonians) inhabit their respective nation states in Europe, i.e. Hungary , Finland , and Estonia , while a large minority of Mordvins inhabit the federal Mordovian Republic within Russia (Russian Federation). The indigenous area of

816-564: The Kultamorsian (Golden Bride) rune have been collected. In Matti Kuusi 's opinion, the warning reproduced above is a secondary element that was probably added during the Christian period. Rather than serving as a cautionary tale, the original runes probably expressed the widespread myth of a Golden Woman found throughout Arctic Eurasia . Finno-Ugric languages Finno-Ugric ( / ˌ f ɪ n oʊ ˈ juː ɡ r ɪ k , - ˈ uː -/ )

864-562: The Sámi people is known as Sápmi and it consists of the northern parts of the Fennoscandian Peninsula . Some other peoples that speak Finno-Ugric languages have been assigned formerly autonomous republics within Russia. These are the Karelians ( Republic of Karelia ), Komi ( Komi Republic ), Udmurts ( Udmurt Republic ) and Mari ( Mari El Republic ). The Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

912-989: The 1st World Congress of Finno-Ugric Peoples was organized in Syktyvkar in the Komi Republic in Russia, the 2nd World Congress in 1996 in Budapest in Hungary, the 3rd Congress in 2000 in Helsinki in Finland, the 4th Congress in 2004 in Tallinn in Estonia, the 5th Congress in 2008 in Khanty-Mansiysk in Russia, the 6th Congress in 2012 in Siófok in Hungary, the 7th Congress in 2016 in Lahti in Finland, and

960-770: The 8th Congress in 2021 in Tartu in Estonia. The members of the Finno-Ugric Peoples' Consultative Committee include: the Erzyas, Estonians, Finns, Hungarians, Ingrian Finns, Ingrians, Karelians, Khants, Komis, Mansis, Maris, Mokshas, Nenetses, Permian Komis, Saamis, Tver Karelians, Udmurts, Vepsians; Observers: Livonians, Setos. In 2007, the 1st Festival of the Finno-Ugric Peoples was hosted by President Vladimir Putin of Russia, and visited by Finnish President, Tarja Halonen , and Hungarian Prime Minister, Ferenc Gyurcsány . The International Finno-Ugric Students' Conference (IFUSCO)

1008-626: The Finno-Ugric grouping has come from loanwords . Several loans from the Indo-European languages are present in most or all of the Finno-Ugric languages, while being absent from Samoyedic. According to Häkkinen (1983) the alleged Proto-Finno-Ugric loanwords are disproportionally well-represented in Hungarian and the Permic languages, and disproportionally poorly represented in the Ob-Ugric languages; hence it

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1056-605: The Japanese hip hop group Rip Slyme Ilmari Oksanen (1906–1977), Finnish footballer Ilmari Pakarinen (1910–1987), Finnish gymnast and Olympic medalist Ilmari Pernaja (1892–1963), Finnish gymnast and Olympic medalist Ilmari Pitkänen (born 1990), Finnish ice hockey player Ilmari Rahm (1888–1939), Finnish chess player Ilmari Saarelainen (born 1944) Finnish actor Ilmari Salminen (1902–1986), Finnish track and field athlete and Olympic medalist Ilmari Salomies (1893–1973), Finnish former archbishop of Turku, and

1104-561: The Kullervo cycle originally existed as an independent series of runes. In his effort to create a homogeneous narrative, Lönnrot presented Kullervo as Ilmarinen's slave in order to insert Kullervo into the Sampo cycle of runes. However, some scholars are convinced that the Golden Bride was originally an independent rune that was eventually added to the Sampo cycle. Furthermore, independent variants of

1152-485: The Maiden of Pohjola, and having seen the maiden's beauty, consents to build a Sampo. For three days, he sought a place to build a great forge. In that forge he placed metals and started working, tending the magic fire with help of the slaves of Pohjola. On the first day, Ilmarinen looked down into the flames and saw that the metal had taken the form of a crossbow with a golden arch, a copper shaft and quarrel-tips of silver. But

1200-543: The Maiden of the North. Ilmarinen's portrayal as "unlucky in love" in the Kalevala is primarily due to Lönnrot's own choices while revising and compiling the original runes to form a cohesive narrative. In another example from an original rune entitled Kosinta (The Courtship), ( Kuusi, Bosley & Branch 1977 , rune 17) Ilmarinen takes a journey to compete for Hiisi's daughter. He again succeeds in obtaining his wife after completing

1248-554: The North. In return for giving him safe passage from the land of Pohjola back to his native country, the enchantress Louhi of Pohjola wanted to have made the Sampo , a magic artifact. Väinämöinen replied that he could not make her one, but that Ilmarinen could, and promised to send the great smith to Pohjola to do just that. In return for this wondrous device, Louhi would also give Ilmarinen her daughter's hand in marriage. On having returned home, Väinämöinen tries to awe Ilmarinen with tales of

1296-402: The bow had an evil spirit, asking for a new victim each day, and so Ilmarinen broke it and cast the pieces back into the fire. On the second day, there came a metal ship from the fire, with ribs of gold and copper oars. Though beautiful to behold, it too was evil at heart, being too eager to rush towards battle, and so, Ilmarinen broke the magic boat apart and cast back the pieces once more. On

1344-402: The branching into Ugric and Finno-Permic took place later, but this reconstruction does not have strong support in the linguistic data. Attempts at reconstructing a Proto-Finno-Ugric proto-language , a common ancestor of all Uralic languages except for the Samoyedic languages, are largely indistinguishable from Proto-Uralic , suggesting that Finno-Ugric might not be a historical grouping but

1392-478: The culture and languages of Finno-Ugric peoples , held every five years. The first congress was organized in 1960 in Budapest , the last congress took place in 2022 in Vienna , the next congress is planned to be held in Tartu , Estonia in 2025. The linguistic reconstruction of the Finno-Ugric language family has led to the postulation that the ancient Proto-Finno-Ugric people were ethnically related, and that even

1440-555: The development from Proto-Finno-Ugric to Proto-Ugric. Similar sound laws are required for other languages as well. Thus, the origin and raising of long vowels may actually belong at a later stage, and the development of these words from Proto-Uralic to Proto-Ugric can be summarized as simple loss of *x (if it existed in the first place at all; vowel length only surfaces consistently in the Baltic-Finnic languages . ) The proposed raising of *o has been alternatively interpreted instead as

1488-619: The diminutive suffix - nen enabled the formation of the name Ilmarinen , which neatly fills two trochaic feet and so became the dominant form of the name in that tradition. Ilmari(nen) is believed to have taken on the qualities of a smith through the Proto-Finnic contact with iron-working cultures, such as the Indo-European Balts or speakers of Common Germanic . Ilmarinen is also directly appealed to for aid in several incantation runes. Insofar as Elias Lönnrot heavily redacted

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1536-460: The entire family, is sometimes used as a synonym for the term Uralic , which includes the Samoyedic languages , as commonly happens when a language family is expanded with further discoveries. Before the 20th century, the language family might be referred to as Finnish , Ugric , Finno-Hungarian or with a variety of other names. The name Finno-Ugric came into general use in the late 19th or early 20th century. The validity of Finno-Ugric as

1584-487: The four winds to fan the flames. The winds blow for three days, until finally, the Sampo is born, taking the shape of a magic mill that produces grain, salt and gold. Pleased with his creation at last, Ilmarinen presents it to Louhi, who promptly locks it in a vault deep underground. Returning triumphant to the Maiden of Pohjola, Ilmarinen bids her to become his wife. To his dismay, she refuses to leave her native land, forcing him to return home alone and dejected. Variants of

1632-409: The furnace and tells Ilmarinen to "forge from her a thousand trinkets". Speaking to all of his people, he further adds: "Never, youths, however wretched, Nor in future, upgrown heroes, Whether you have large possessions, Or are poor in your possessions, In the course of all your lifetime, While the golden moon is shining, May you woo a golden woman, Or distress yourselves for silver, For

1680-555: The gleam of gold is freezing, Only frost is breathed by silver." The tale of the Golden Wife can be seen as a cautionary tale based on the theme of "money cannot buy happiness". To a contemporary reader, there is also a similarity to the hubristic nature of the Golem legend, or to Frankenstein , in that even the most skilled of mortals cannot rival divine perfection when creating life. In another example of Lönnrot's editorial license,

1728-425: The maiden's beauty and so lure him to Pohjola. Ilmarinen sees through the ruse, however, and refuses. Not to be outdone, Väinämöinen tricks the smith into climbing a fir tree trying to bring down moonlight that is glimmering on the branches. Conjuring a storm-wind with his magical song, Väinämöinen then blows Ilmarinen away to Pohjola. Once there, Ilmarinen is approached by the toothless hag, Louhi , and her daughter,

1776-480: The modern Finno-Ugric-speaking peoples are ethnically related. Such hypotheses are based on the assumption that heredity can be traced through linguistic relatedness, although it must be kept in mind that language shift and ethnic admixture, a relatively frequent and common occurrence both in recorded history and most likely also in prehistory, confuses the picture and there is no straightforward relationship, if at all, between linguistic and genetic affiliation. Still,

1824-903: The most common Y-chromosome haplogroup in Southeast Asia). A study of the Finno-Ugric-speaking peoples of northern Eurasia (i.e., excluding the Hungarians), carried out between 2002 and 2008 in the Department of Forensic Medicine at the University of Helsinki , showed that the Finno-Ugric-speaking populations do not retain genetic evidence of a common founder. Most possess an amalgamation of West and East Eurasian gene pools that may have been present in central Asia, with subsequent genetic drift and recurrent founder effects among speakers of various branches of Finno-Ugric. Not all branches show evidence of

1872-596: The numerals "one", "three", "four" and "six"; the body-part terms "hand", "head") is only reconstructed up to the Proto-Finno-Ugric level, and only words with a Samoyedic equivalent have been reconstructed for Proto-Uralic. That methodology has been criticised, as no coherent explanation other than inheritance has been presented for the origin of most of the Finno-Ugric vocabulary (though a small number has been explained as old loanwords from Proto-Indo-European or its immediate successors). The Samoyedic group has undergone

1920-485: The numerals, "1", "3", "4", "6", "10" are shared by all or most Finno-Ugric languages. Below are the numbers 1 to 10 in several Finno-Ugric languages. Forms in italic do not descend from the reconstructed forms. The number '2' descends in Ugric from a front-vocalic variant *kektä. The numbers '9' and '8' in Finnic through Mari are considered to be derived from the numbers '1' and '2' as '10–1' and '10–2'. One reconstruction

1968-410: The original runes collected by him and others, it's valuable to differentiate between the Kalevala and the original poems sung by rune singers  [ fi ] . Other names for Ilmarinen that are found in rune variants include Ilmorinen and Ilmollini . When the old sage, Väinämöinen , was traveling wide in the search of a wife, he was captured by the old mistress of Pohjola , the land of

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2016-416: The original runes used by Lönnrot in compiling the Kalevala present a different picture of Ilmarinen. In one variant of The Sampo ( Kuusi, Bosley & Branch 1977 , rune 12) for example, Ilmarinen goes willingly to Pohjola to forge the Sampo, not because he was tricked by Väinämöinen, but in order to redeem Väinämöinen from death. In addition, the same rune portrays Ilmarinen as returning home successfully with

2064-626: The premise that the speakers of the ancient proto-language were ethnically homogeneous is generally accepted. Modern genetic studies have shown that the Y-chromosome haplogroup N3 , and sometimes N2, is almost specific though certainly not restricted to Uralic- or Finno-Ugric-speaking populations, especially as high frequency or primary paternal haplogroup. These haplogroups branched from haplogroup N , which probably spread north, then west and east from Northern China about 12,000–14,000 years before present from father haplogroup NO (haplogroup O being

2112-837: The spiritual head of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland Ilmari Solin (1905–1976), Finnish chess player Ilmari Susiluoto (1947–2016), Finnish political scientist, professor and political advisor Ilmari Taipale (1928–2008), Finnish long-distance runner and Olympic competitor Ilmari Tapiovaara (1914–1999), Finnish designer Ilmari Turja (1901-1998), Finnish journalist and playwright Ilmari Unho (1906−1961), Finnish actor, film director and screenwriter Ilmari Vartia (1914–1951), Finnish fencer and Olympic competitor Ilmari Vesamaa (1893–1973), track and field athlete and Olympic competitor Artturi Ilmari Virtanen (1895–1973), Finnish chemist, Nobel Prize recipient Cognates [ edit ] Ilmar ,

2160-426: The tasks of ploughing a field of vipers, bringing Tuoni's bear, and bringing the pike of Tuoni. After the loss of his first wife to Kullervo 's curse, the disheartened Ilmarinen attempts to craft a new one from gold and silver, but finds the golden wife hard and cold. Dismayed, he attempts to wed her to his brother Väinämöinen instead, but the old sage rejects her, saying that the golden wife ought to be cast back into

2208-490: The third day, a metal cow emerged, with golden horns and the sun and the stars on its brow. But alas, it was ill-tempered, and so the magical heifer was broken into pieces and melted down. On the fourth day, a golden plow is pulled from the forge, with a golden plowshare, a copper beam and silver handles. But it too is flawed, plowing up planted fields and furrowing meadows. In despair, Ilmarinen destroys his creation once more. Angered at his lack of success, Ilmarinen conjures

2256-633: The traditional Proto-Uralic lexicon, but it is attested in some of the Proto-Finno-Ugric material. Another feature attested in the Finno-Ugric vocabulary is that *i now behaves as a neutral vowel with respect to front-back vowel harmony, and thus there are roots such as *niwa- "to remove the hair from hides". Regular sound changes proposed for this stage are few and remain open to interpretation. Sammallahti (1988) proposes five, following Janhunen's (1981) reconstruction of Proto- Finno-Permic : Sammallahti (1988) further reconstructs sound changes *oo , *ee → *a , *ä (merging with original *a , *ä ) for

2304-452: Was set up for the Khanty and Mansi of Russia. A once-autonomous Komi-Permyak Okrug was set up for a region of high Komi habitation outside the Komi Republic. Some of the ethnicities speaking Finno-Ugric languages are: In the Finno-Ugric countries of Finland, Estonia and Hungary that find themselves surrounded by speakers of unrelated tongues, language origins and language history have long been relevant to national identity . In 1992,

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