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57-1094: An ice palace is a castle-like structure made of ice. Ice Palace may also refer to: In Russia [ edit ] The Ice House (St. Petersburg) (1739–1740), St. Petersburg, Russia Ice Palace (Saint Petersburg) , an arena in St. Petersburg Ice Palace (Cherepovets) , an arena in Cherepovets Ice Palace Salavat Yulaev , an arena in Ufa CSKA Ice Palace , in Moscow Neftekhimik Ice Palace , in Nizhnekamsk Romazan Ice Sports Palace , in Magnitogorsk Vityaz Ice Palace , in Podolsk In other countries [ edit ] The Amalie Arena ,

114-461: A jester . The Empress selected prince Galitzine a new wife, an unattractive Kalmyk maidservant Avdotya Ivanovna Buzheninova  [ ru ] . She forced the prince to marry her and displayed the newlyweds in a procession where they rode an elephant, dressed as clowns, and were followed by a number of circus freaks and farm animals. In the palace the newlyweds were closed naked into an icy nuptial chamber under heavy guard. The couple survived

171-471: A plague outbreak. According to an Ottoman Muslim account of the war translated into English by C. Fraser, Bosnian Muslim women fought in battles, having "acquired the courage of heroes" against the Austrian Germans at the siege of Osterwitch-atyk (Östroviç-i âtık) fortress. Women also fought in the defense of the fortresses of Būzin (Büzin) and Chetin (Çetin). Their bravery was also described in

228-474: A 1963 Norwegian novel by Tarjei Vesaas The Ice Palace (1987 film) , a 1987 Norwegian film Ice Palace , a 1958 novel by Edna Ferber Ice Palace (film) , a 1960 film based on the novel, starring Richard Burton " The Ice Palace (short story) ", a 1920 short story by F. Scott Fitzgerald The Ice Palace , an American variety television series with an ice skating theme, which aired on CBS for ten weeks in 1971 Ice Palace (1985 video game) ,

285-544: A 1985 video game by Creative Sparks See also [ edit ] Ice castle (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Ice Palace . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ice_Palace&oldid=1168959531 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

342-757: A French account. Yeni Pazar , Izvornik , Gradişka , and Banaluka were also struck by the Austrians. In 1739, the Russian army, commanded by Field Marshal Münnich, crossed the Dnieper, defeated the Turks at Stavuchany and occupied the fortresses of Khotyn (August 19) and Iaşi . However, Austria was defeated by the Turks at Grocka and signed a separate treaty in Belgrade with the Ottoman Empire on 21 August, probably alarmed at

399-490: A demilitarized Azov and Zaporozhye, but it had demonstrated that it could reach Moldavia and was now a serious threat to Crimea. In the next war , Russia took Crimea and briefly occupied Bucharest . Austria hoped to gain land in the Balkans while the Turks were tied down with Russia. The border was then about 100 km south of Belgrade in land gained in 1717 . In 1737, Austria went south, captured Niš but soon gave it up. In 1738,

456-543: A favorable international situation. This was achieved through the signing of treaties with the Persian Empire from 1732 to 1735 (which was engaged in a conflict with the Ottoman Empire from 1730 to 1735 ) and by supporting the accession of Augustus III to the Polish throne in 1735, instead of Stanislaw Leszczynski , who had been nominated by pro-Ottoman France . Austria had been Russia's ally since 1726. The casus belli

513-1229: A hockey arena in Tampa, Florida, formerly called the Ice Palace The Miami Coliseum , a now-demolished hockey arena in Miami, Florida that was once called the Metropolitan Ice Palace Eispalast, a facility in the Jungfraujoch station of the Jungfraubahn in Switzerland The Ice Palace at the Quebec Winter Carnival in Quebec City, Canada. Stonewall Arena , formerly called Ice Palace, in Stonewall, Manitoba, Canada in Belarus: Minsk Ice Palace and Brest Ice Palace. Other uses [ edit ] The Ice Palace (novel) , (Is-slottet) ,

570-706: A lack of supplies. In July 1737, the Habsburg monarchy entered the war against the Ottoman Empire but was defeated several times, including in the Battle of Banja Luka on 4 August 1737, the Battle of Grocka on 18, 21–22 July 1739, and then lost Belgrade after an Ottoman siege from 18 July to September 1739. In August, Russia, Austria, and the Ottoman Empire began negotiations in Nemirov , which would turn out to be fruitless. There were no significant military operations in 1738. The Russian Army had to leave Ochakov and Kinburn due to

627-423: A merry-go-round, and a toboggan slide. Thousands of tourists came to Leadville to see the frozen castle. Special trains brought visitors up the mountains of Colorado, and word spread rapidly around the country. The colossal structure was built on a site roughly five acres in size, on the west side of Harrison Avenue, using almost 5 tons of ice. Boiling water was poured over this, which quickly froze, thus strengthening

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684-505: A month, ruined Perekop as much as they could, and returned to Molochnye Vody. Azov fleet: Peter Bredal with a rebuilt Azov fleet, supplies, and 4,000 Don Cossacks, met Lacy’s army on 19 May. On 23 May, more Don Cossacks arrived with their own boats. On 25 May, Bredal was caught by a much larger Turkish fleet and blockaded at ‘Cape Vissarion’ (location?). The blockade was broken when the Turks unwisely pursued three escaping sloops. On 6 June, they were again caught at ‘Cape Fedotov’, probably on

741-617: A separate peace, which made his position untenable. On 23 September, he was ordered to return to Russian territory. 1739: Treaties: The war was ended by the Treaty of Belgrade with Austria in September and the Treaty of Niš (1739) with Russia in October. All three parties wanted out because the war as it was costing more than anything they might gain. Russia was also worried about the looming Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743) . Russia kept nothing more than

798-409: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Ice palace In the cold winter of 1739–1740, Anna Ivanovna gave an order to build a palace made of ice in St. Petersburg. The palace and the surrounding festivities were part of the celebration of Russia's victory over the Ottoman Empire . She ordered the architect Pyotr Yeropkin to design

855-510: Is now Mariupol , about 100 km further west. On 28 June, a Turkish fleet caught the Azov flotilla near Henichesk. After two gun duels, they were driven off (1 July). Soon after, a storm destroyed most of the flotilla along with its food and ammunition. Instead of attacking the 60,000 Tatars waiting at Perekop , Lacy built a pontoon bridge out of water casks and crossed the Henichesk Strait onto

912-607: The Arabat Spit , starting on 2 July. Khan Fetih headed south toward the far end of the spit, but Lacy again outflanked him by crossing to the mainland near the Salhyr River, causing the Crimeans to disperse. Lacy went southwest, and on 14 July, he burned Karasubazar . Three days later, he chose to withdraw. He had lost most of his supplies with the flotilla; the Tatars were regrouping, there

969-558: The Bela Zirka river near Kamenny Zaton and withdrew to Perekop. By 19 May, Russia had 30,000 troops facing Perekop. On 20 May, the wall was breached , and on 22 May, the 2,254 Turks in the Or Qapi fort surrendered on parole. Russia now entered Crimea for the first time. On 5 June, they raided Gozleve for supplies. On 17 June, they captured Bakhchisarai. The khan’s palace was burned, either accidentally or deliberately. On 23 June, they burned

1026-749: The Ottoman Empire was caused by the Ottoman Empire's war with Persia and the continuing raids by the Crimean Tatars . The war also represented Russia's ongoing struggle for access to the Black Sea . In 1737, the Habsburg monarchy joined the war on Russia's side, known in historiography as the Austro-Turkish War of 1737–1739 . By the outbreak of the Russo-Turkish War, Russia had successfully secured

1083-524: The Samara river. Half of the army had been lost, 2,000 in fighting, and the rest from disease. Because of the invasion, Crimean khan Qaplan I Giray was replaced by Fetih II Giray . 1736: Kinburn captured: After Perekop was captured, Leontev and 13,000 men were sent west to capture the fort on the Kinburn Peninsula , south of Ochakov . The garrison was allowed to abandon the fort and cross to Ochakov on

1140-777: The Terek river tried to stop them and lost 55 men. The army went down the west shore of the Caspian as far as the Samur River , where it was recalled by Turkey for unexplained reasons. In 1735, the Crimean khan led 80,000 men across the North Caucasus and south to Derbent . By the end of 1735, he received news of Leontev’s raid on Crimea and decided to turn back. During his return journey, he spent time foraging in Kabardia and eventually reached Crimea in

1197-563: The fortress of Azov. The Crimean campaign of 1736 ended with Russian withdrawal into Ukraine, resulting in an estimated 30,000 lives lost. Only 2,000 of these losses were related to war, while the rest were due to disease, hunger, and famine. In July 1737, Münnich's army stormed the Turkish fortress of Ochakov . Lacy's army, already 40,000 men strong, marched into Crimea the same month and captured Karasubazar (see Lacy's campaign to Crimea ). However, Lacy and his troops had to leave Crimea due to

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1254-466: The Kiev area with about 70,000 men. On 30 June, they reached Ochakov, which now had 20,000 defenders. Fighting began the next day, and on 3 July, heated shot set the town on fire. The fire spread to the powder magazine, which blew up, killing thousands of Turks. This caused the Turks to surrender the same day. Münnich left 8,000 men to hold the fort and returned with the rest of the army to Poltava . In October,

1311-479: The Miuss River. He later returned to Azov because a fire had destroyed the Azov arsenal and granary. Bredal could not sail from Azov due to disease and a shortage of ships. Lacy left Izium on 10 May. His force was weakened because much had been transferred to the western campaign. In July, he learned that the Turks had sent troops and a fleet, and that Levashev had turned back. He marched toward Perekop, saw that there

1368-515: The Ottomans tried to retake the fort under the direct orders of Sultan Mahmut I . All of their attempts failed, and on 30 October, they withdrew. (Next spring, the plague appeared in the fort and was reported in Moldavia , Wallachia , Poland, and Zaporozhia. It increased, and in September 1738, Ochakov and Kinburn were evacuated to escape the plague because the weakened troops would not be able to resist if

1425-538: The Russian Dnieper Army (62,000 men), under the command of Field Marshal Burkhard Christoph von Münnich , stormed the Crimean fortifications at Perekop and occupied Bakhchysarai on June 17. The Crimean khans failed to defend their territory and repel the invasion. In 1736, 1737, and 1738, Russian expeditionary armies broke through their defensive positions, pushing deep into the Crimean peninsula, driving

1482-457: The Russian fort of Kamenny Zaton , about 10 days' march from Perekop . Here, he turned back because of the cold and the loss of 3,000 horses. The next day, a snowstorm killed another 1,000 horses. By late November, he was back where he started, having lost 9,000 of his 40,000 men and about 9,000 horses. 1736: Azov captured: Around 30 March 1736, Münnich and 5,000 men besieged Azov. Additional soldiers arrived, and on 7 April, Münnich left to join

1539-613: The Russians nor the Ottomans fulfilled their goals. However, there are also sources that claim an Ottoman victory or a Russian victory in the war. For Austria, the war proved a stunning defeat. The Russian forces were much more successful on the field, but they lost tens of thousands to disease. The Russians had access to the Black Sea but were not allowed to maintain any fleet in the Azov and Black Sea. This section summarizes Davies and Amin in sources. The Ottoman Empire held forts along

1596-542: The Tatar noblemen into the hills and forcing Khan Fetih II Giray to take refuge at sea. They burned Gozlev , Karasubazar , and the khan's palace in the Crimean capital, Bakhchysarai. Additionally, they captured the Ottoman fortress at Azov . Khans Qaplan I Giray and Fetih II Giray were deposed by the Ottoman sultan Mahmud I for their incompetence. However, the years 1737 to 1739 were notable plague years, and all sides of

1653-498: The Turks advanced and took places in Serbia and on the Danube. In 1739, Austria crossed the Danube, fought a battle at Grocka , and fell back to the Danube. Belgrade was under siege by the Turks when talks began. Austria gave up Belgrade , Serbia south of the Danube, and western Wallachia, which was perhaps more than the military situation required. The war was poorly managed. The next year,

1710-480: The Turks came back.) 1737: Second invasion of Crimea: The goal was to prevent the Crimeans from supporting Ochakov, damage Crimea as much as possible, and capture the Turkish fort of Kaffa if possible. On 3 May 1737, Peter Lacy set out from the Mius River near Taganrog, about 50 km west of Azov. Around 320 small boats with supplies and Don Cossacks followed along the coast. On 23 May, the two forces joined at what

1767-415: The budget, and has often used them to imprison briefly those persons who were judged to be too glum in this time of good cheer. Saranac Lake, New York has an annual winter carnival in which an ice palace is built. This tradition dates back to the 1897, when it was initiated to raise the spirits of tuberculosis patients who came to the town for recuperation over the long winter. Saparmurat Niyazov ,

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1824-438: The building. It was built under the supervision of Georg Krafft who left a detailed description of the palace. The palace was 20 meters tall and 50 meters wide. Huge ice blocks were "glued" together with water. The garden was filled with ice trees with ice birds and an ice statue of an elephant. The outer walls were lined with ice sculptures . Before the palace there were artillery pieces also made of ice. The palace

1881-603: The city's Winter Carnival . Some palaces have featured ice blocks numbering in the tens of thousands. A 1992 structure had 25,000 and stretched to a height of 150 feet (45.7 m). One built in 1941 had 30,000 ice blocks. St. Paul last built an ice palace in January 2018. Every year since 1954 the Quebec City Winter Carnival in Quebec City has featured ice palaces or ice castles of various sizes, depending on

1938-531: The conflict were crippled by disease and unsanitary conditions. Despite his success and a string of battlefield victories, the outbreak of an epidemic coupled with shortages forced Münnich to retreat to Ukraine. On 19 June 1736, the Russian Don Army of 28,000 men, under the command of General Peter Lacy , with support from the Don Flotilla under the command of Vice Admiral Peter Bredahl , seized

1995-566: The depletion of gold and silver ores, and the Panic of 1893 . The townspeople were looking for a way to increase tourism in the area, and hit upon the idea of a giant ice castle. City leaders financed the endeavor, and the structure was completed in December of that year. It was opened to the public New Year's Day, 1896, and was an immediate sensation. It was huge. Gleaming blue-white walls three feet thick surrounded an ice skating rink, restaurants, ballrooms,

2052-460: The following year. In order not to waste that year's campaigning season, he dispatched Leontev on a raid. 1735: Leontev's raid Leontev set off on 1 October 1735, far too late in the season. He started near the Samara River and marched south, east of the Dnieper bend. At Konska Voda , he killed about 1,000 Nogais and stole their livestock. He turned west with the river, and on 16 October, reached

2109-445: The kalga’s seat at Ak Mechet . Most of the Crimean army had scattered to the hills, while the Turks withdrew to Kaffa. Münnich hoped to capture Kaffa before the Turks could send reinforcements, but on 25 June, he decided to withdraw. Dysentery had first been noted on 7 June. Soon, a third of the army was sick, and many of the rest weakened. There was not enough food, fresh water, or fodder to support his army. By 18 July, they were back on

2166-421: The khan’s army. They blasted Or Kapi with mortars, which surrendered around the beginning of July. They turned south, but on 6 July, they decided to go home. There was little food or fodder because the Crimean interior had been trashed the previous year, supplies with the Azov fleet had been lost (see Azov fleet below), and disease was beginning to appear. They stopped a Tatar attack on 9 July, rested at Perekop for

2223-451: The long sand spit just east of Henichesk Strait . They hauled their boats across the sand spit and reassembled near Henichesk , where they were again caught on 16 June. They landed their guns, built a shore battery, and burned their boats. There was a two-day artillery duel, but the Turks chose not to land, perhaps because they lacked marines. The loss of the supply fleet forced Lacy to withdraw from Crimea. 1738: Western campaign: The goal

2280-420: The main force on the Dnieper. In May Peter Lacy took over and on 26 June the Turks surrendered on condition of safe passage. Lacy set off for Crimea, but turned back when he heard of Münnich's withdrawal. 1736: First Russian invasion of Crimea: In mid-April, Münnich set off south with 54,000 men and 8,000 or 9,000 carts, following Leontiev’s route east of the Dnieper bend. On 4 May, the Tatars were defeated at

2337-477: The night because the bride traded a pearl necklace with one of the guards for a sheepskin coat. Empress Anna died the following year and the castle [for obvious reasons] did not survive the next summer. The Russian reading public was made aware of Anna's mock palace in 1835, when Ivan Lazhechnikov (1792–1869) described her escapade in The Ice House , one of the first historical novels in the language. The novel

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2394-729: The north shore of the Black Sea and on the eastern side of the Balkans. Azov kept the Don Cossacks out of the Sea of Azov. Kaffa dominated the Crimean Khanate. Or Kapi, behind the Perekop trenches, guarded the entrance to Crimea. Ochakov, at the mouth of the Dnieper, kept the Dnieper Cossacks out of the Black Sea. Khotyn, on the upper Dniester, watched the Polish Commonwealth. The Turkish border

2451-567: The northwest part of the Persian Empire. Russia took the west side of the Caspian and the Ottomans got as far as Tabriz . Nader Shah slowly restored Persian power. By 1734, Persia was reconquering its land south of the Caucasus, and it was clear that Russia could not hold its gains. In 1733 or 1734, the Turks ordered Crimea to send a force across the north Caucasus to attack the Persians. Eropkin on

2508-439: The now widespread use of snice as a mortar-alternative, instead of the more simple, but less reliable, use of water alone. Russo-Turkish War (1735%E2%80%931739) [REDACTED] Russian Empire [REDACTED] Habsburg monarchy [REDACTED] Ottoman Empire [REDACTED] 100,000–150,000 dead [REDACTED] 44,427 casualties in battle The Russo-Turkish War of 1735–1739 between Russia and

2565-569: The opposite bank. 250 Russian prisoners were freed there. On 9 January 1737, Austria joined the war drawing Turkish troops away from the Black Sea. The Turko-Persian conflict had ended in September 1736 , but it took time to move Turkish troops west. The plan for 1737 involved one army capturing the Turkish fort of Ochakov at the mouth of the Dnieper-Bug estuary, while a second army invaded Crimea. 1737:Capture of Ochakov: In early April, Münnich left

2622-543: The prospect of Russian military success. This, coupled with the imminent threat of a Swedish invasion , and Ottoman alliances with Prussia , Poland , and Sweden, forced Russia to sign the Treaty of Niš with Turkey on 29 September, which ended the war. The peace treaty granted Azov to Russia and consolidated Russia's control over the Zaporizhia in exchange for Russia abandoning its claims to Crimea and Moldova. The Russian campaign ended indecisively for both sides; neither

2679-511: The recently deceased president of Turkmenistan , ordered the construction of a huge ice palace near the capital city of Aşgabat in April 2004. Although the appearance of the original ice palace is disputable, it has been rebuilt each year since 2005 in Saint-Petersburg , Russia and is open to the public. [1] In 1895, the mining town of Leadville, Colorado , was in an economic slump, due to

2736-558: The same size as the previous year. On 19 May, he met the supply fleet at what is now Berdiansk on the Azov coast (see Azov fleet below). Lacy learned that Mengli and 30,000 men were waiting behind Perekop, and that Turkish troops had garrisoned Or Kapi. They rested at Molochnye Vody. Instead of attacking Perekop, Lacy chose to cross the Syvash by wading at low tide, possibly near the Chongar Strait . They turned west and got between Perekop and

2793-457: The spring of 1736. Crimean interference in the Caucasus served as one pretext for the war. In March 1735, through the Treaty of Ganja , Russia returned its territorial gains to Persia and forged an alliance with Persia against Turkey. With Crimean troops absent from the peninsula and the Turks engaged with Persia, Russia seized the opportunity for a surprise attack. General Münnich moved south and discovered that his army would not be ready until

2850-613: The walls even further. The Ice Palace remained open for only three months, and it was not a financial success. An early spring thaw ensured that the structure would not last but a short time. Because of the fact it did not pull in much money, the Leadville city council decided not to rebuild the following winter. Periodically, there has been a resurgence of interest in building another Ice Palace, but nothing has ever come of it. The original site has since been built up with houses. There have been modern developments in ice construction, including

2907-616: Was also furnished with furniture made of ice, including an ice bed with ice mattress and pillows. The whole structure was surrounded with a tall wooden fence. The festivities involving the Ice Palace included a mock wedding of two jesters. Prince Mikhail Alekseevich Golitsyn  [ ru ] had married an Italian woman. Empress Anna saw this as an affront because she was a Catholic , not Eastern Orthodox . The wife died soon after but Anna did not forgive Galitzine and decided to punish him in an unusual manner. She first ordered him to become

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2964-522: Was close to the current Ukrainian border along the Dniester. Polish claims extended to the Dnieper, except for Kiev. Russia had a very vague border about 100 or more miles south of the current border. The semi-independent Zaporozhian Cossacks were along the Dnieper bend. The Crimean Khanate and its Nogai steppe allies raided Poland and Russia and sold the captives to the Turks at Kaffa . In 1722, Russia and Turkey took advantage of Persian weakness to capture

3021-504: Was for Münnich to lead the main army to the Dniester and attack the border forts at either Khotin or Bender. On 17 April, he crossed the Dnieper south of Poltava, and in late June, he crossed the Bug . He reached the Dniester, but on 6 August, he abandoned the campaign because of Turkish resistance and reports of plague west of the river. 1739: Failed invasion of Crimea: Levashev was supposed to march from Azov, but an epidemic forced him to halt at

3078-539: Was made into a film as early as 1927. The Mirrored World (2012), a novel by the author of The Madonnas of Leningrad , also depicts this episode in history. Many ice palaces have been built since. In North America , one was built in Montreal, Quebec , Canada in 1883. Eagle River , Wisconsin , has constructed an ice castle most years going back to the late 1920s. The capital city of Minnesota , St. Paul , has played host to several ice palaces since 1886 as part of

3135-453: Was no hope, and returned to the Ukrainian line, which he reached on 24 August. 1739: Western campaign: Münnich planned to capture Khotin to take pressure off the Austrians, who were doing poorly. He left Kiev in late April, crossing Polish territory because the land was better and the Poles were too weak to interfere. He won the Battle of Stavuchany in August, took Khotin, and marched south to Jassy . There he learned that Austria had signed

3192-506: Was not enough fresh water and fodder, and sickness was starting to appear. On 23 July, he crossed the Henichesk Strait, and a month later reached "Molochnye Vody". Because of the invasion, the Turks replaced Khan Fetih II with Meñli II Giray . Planning started in November 1737. The goal for 1738 was to tie down the Crimeans while Münnich attacked along the Dniester in support of the Austrians. 1738: Third invasion of Crimea: Peter Lacy started from Vol'chye Vody (location?) with an army about

3249-419: Was the raids of the Crimean Tatars on the Cossack Hetmanate at the end of 1735 and the Crimean Khan's military campaign in the Caucasus. In 1736, the Russian commanders envisioned the seizure of Azov and the Crimean Peninsula . In 1735, on the eve of the war, Russia made peace with Persia, returning all the remaining territory conquered during the Russo-Persian War ( Treaty of Ganja ). On 20 May 1736,

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