120-489: Scott Hylands (born 1943), born Scott Hylands Douglas , is a Canadian actor who has appeared in movies, on television, and on the stage. Due to his longevity and versatility, critics have called him "one of Canada's greatest actors." Hylands was born in 1943 in Lethbridge, Alberta . His mother, Ruth ( née White) Douglas (1913-2005), was a public health nurse, later a mathematics teacher, and his father, Walter Norman Douglas,
240-589: A BMX track, a climbing wall , a dozen tennis courts, and seven pools. It is home to five golf courses, including the award-winning Paradise Canyon Golf Resort, and is within 30 km (19 mi) of several others. Built for the 1975 Canada Winter Games , the VisitLethbridge.com Arena , formerly the |ENMAX Centre, is Lethbridge's multipurpose arena. The 6,500-seat facility has hosted concerts, three-ring circuses, multicultural events, national curling championships, basketball events, banquets, skating events and
360-530: A rail hub . Between 1907 and 1913, a development boom occurred in Lethbridge, making it the main marketing, distribution and service centre in southern Alberta. Such municipal projects as a water treatment plant, a power plant, a Lethbridge Transit , a streetcar system, and Exhibition Park —as well as a construction boom and rising real estate prices—transformed the mining town into a significant city. Between World War I and World War II , however,
480-666: A "heavy." In the early 1980s, Hylands returned to Canada. He got an opportunity to play a good guy, Detective Kevin "O.B." O'Brien on the television series Night Heat , a police drama, produced in Toronto; it aired on both Canadian (CTV) and American (CBS) TV, from 1985 to 1989. This was his first television starring role. After Night Heat was canceled, Hylands continued to live in Canada, settling in Salt Spring Island, British Columbia , where he lived for 25 years with his wife, Veronica,
600-608: A "veritable storehouse of phrases, rhythms and details later resurrected or modified for Under Milk Wood ." For example, the "done-by-hand water colours" of Quite Early One Morning appear later as the "watercolours done by hand" of Under Milk Wood . Another striking example from the 1945 broadcast is Mrs Ogmore-Pritchard who later appears as a major character in Under Milk Wood : Mrs Ogmore Davies and Mrs Pritchard-Jones both lived on Church Street in New Quay. Mrs Pritchard-Jones
720-456: A 1959 television programme about the town, can be found here. There were many milestones on the road to Llareggub, and these have been detailed by Professor Walford Davies in his Introduction to the definitive edition of Under Milk Wood . The most important of these was Quite Early One Morning , Thomas' description of a walk around New Quay, broadcast by the BBC in 1945, and described by Davies as
840-468: A 300m running track, as well as an aquatics centre with slides and a wave pool. Several winter sports venues are in or near Lethbridge. The city has six indoor ice arenas with a total ice area of 11,220 m (120,800 sq ft) and a total seating capacity of 8,149. Other than the ENMAX Centre, all ice surfaces are available from October to April only. Lethbridge is 150 km (93 mi) east of
960-589: A Canadian centennial celebration attended by Japan's Prince and Princess Takamatsu . The Galt Museum & Archives is the largest museum in the Lethbridge area; the building housing the museum served as the city's main hospital during the late 19th century and early 20th centuries. Several other important attractions are based in Lethbridge, including the Lethbridge Military Museum and the Helen Schuler Nature Centre which educates about
1080-461: A Welsh Journey, following a route that would "be decided by what incidents arose, what people told me stories, what pleasant or unpleasant or curious things...I encountered in the little-known villages among the lesser-known people." A year later, in March 1938, Thomas suggested that a group of Welsh writers should prepare a verse-report of their "own particular town, village, or district." In May 1938,
1200-505: A castle, and, like Laugharne, Llareggub is on an estuary ("boat-bobbing river and sea"), with cockles, cocklers and Cockle Row. Laugharne also provides the clock tower of Myfanwy Price's dreams, as well as Salt House Farm which may have inspired the name of Llareggub's Salt Lake Farm. Llareggub's Butcher Beynon almost certainly draws on butcher and publican Carl Eynon, though he was not in Laugharne but in nearby St Clears. In September 1944,
1320-544: A change of 1.7% from its 2018 municipal census population of 99,769. With the 2019 municipal census results, the City of Lethbridge became the fourth city in Alberta to surpass 100,000 people. In its 2023 municipal census , the City of Lethbridge's population was found to have grown to 106,550, an increase of 4.99% from its 2019 municipal census population of 101,482. In the 2016 Canadian census conducted by Statistics Canada,
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#17328560004931440-595: A committee was formed to research the possibility of a new Performing Arts Centre in Lethbridge. Lethbridge has a public library and three major museum/galleries. The Southern Alberta Art Gallery is a contemporary gallery; the community arts centre Casa, administered by the Allied Arts Council; and the University of Lethbridge Art Gallery produces contemporary exhibitions including works from its extensive collection of Canadian, American and European art. The city
1560-462: A double g is not used in written Welsh . The name Llareggub was first used by Thomas in two short stories published in 1936. They were The Orchards ("This was a story more terrible than the stories of the reverend madmen in the Black Book of Llareggub.") and The Burning Baby ("Death took hold of his sister's legs as she walked through the calf-high heather up the hill... She was to him as ugly as
1680-744: A frontier town, has several historical attractions. The Lethbridge Viaduct , commonly known as the High Level Bridge , is the longest and highest steel trestle bridge in North America. It was completed in 1909 on what was then the city's western edge. Indian Battle Park , in the coulees of the Oldman River , commemorates the last battle between the Cree and the Blackfoot First Nations in 1870. Originally known as Fort Hamilton, Fort Whoop-Up
1800-500: A fully independent non-profit society, Vox Musica continues to rehearse and perform at Southminster United Church and around the community. Theatrical productions are presented by the University of Lethbridge's drama department and New West Theatre, which performs at the Genevieve E. Yates Memorial Centre using its two theatres: the 500-seat proscenium Yates Theatre and the 180-seat black box Sterndale Bennett Theatre. Lethbridge hosts
1920-456: A household name, he worked regularly, appearing in a number of movies, as well as in some American television shows. Among the TV shows in which he acted were Cannon , The Waltons , Kung Fu , Baretta , and Ironside . On American television, he became well known for playing tough guy characters and villains: as he noted in an interview, if an actor is not the leading man, he generally plays
2040-416: A non-official language as their first language. Lethbridge had 12.9% visible minorities and 7.1% Aboriginal in 2016. Below is a full break down of the demographics. The city is also the home of the largest Bhutanese community in Canada. Lethbridge is southern Alberta 's commercial, distribution, financial and industrial centre (although Medicine Hat plays a similar role in southeastern Alberta). It has
2160-535: A number of annual festivals and events throughout the year including Kiwanis Music Festival, Lethbridge Independent Film Festival, Centric Music Festival, Lethbridge Pride Fest, Street Machine Weekend, Lethbridge Dragon Boat Festival , Word on the Street, Lethbridge Electronic Music Festival, and many more. The best-known event in Lethbridge is Whoop-Up Days , a rodeo and fair held annually in August. The city, which began as
2280-479: A nurse, and their two children. They later relocated to Victoria . He worked in both American and Canadian productions. He appeared as Father Travis in the ABC-TV series V . He was seen on numerous other programs, including the 1992 TV movie To Catch a Killer , a 1995 episode of the hit cop drama NYPD Blue , and on four episodes of the remade version of The Outer Limits from 1996 to 2001. He also returned to
2400-481: A prolonged coughing attack. ... The coughing was nothing new but it seemed worse than before." She also noted that the blackouts that Thomas was experiencing were "a constant source of comment" amongst his Laugharne friends. Thomas gave readings of the play in Porthcawl and Tenby , before travelling to London to catch his plane to New York for another tour, including three readings of Under Milk Wood . He stayed with
2520-403: A punishing schedule of four rehearsals and two performances of Under Milk Wood in just five days, as well as two sessions of revising the play. After the first performance on 24 October, Thomas was close to collapse, standing in his dressing room, clinging to the back of a chair. The play, he said, "has taken the life out of me for now." At the next performance, the actors realised that Thomas
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#17328560004932640-429: A radio play there, as his letters home make clear. Several words and phrases that appear in Under Milk Wood can be found in some of Thomas' letters from the island of Elba , where he stayed for three weeks. The "fishers and miners" and "webfooted waterboys" of the letters become the "fishers" and "webfoot cocklewomen" of the first page of Under Milk Wood . The "sunblack" and "fly-black" adjectives of Elba anticipate
2760-406: A seaside town...with a steep street running down to the harbour." The various topographical references in the play to the 'top of the town,' and to its 'top and sea-end' are also suggestive of New Quay, as are Llareggub's terraced streets and hill of windows. The play is true to even the minor topographical details of New Quay. For example, Llareggub's lazy fishermen walk uphill from the harbour to
2880-529: A solo reading of the first half on 3 May at the Fogg Museum, Harvard , sponsored by The Poets' Theatre, where the audience responded enthusiastically. Rehearsals for the play's official premiere on 14 May in New York City had already started but with only half the play, and with Thomas unavailable as he left to carry out a series of poetry readings and other engagements. He was up at dawn on 14 May to work on
3000-410: A trading area population of 341,180, including parts of British Columbia , and provides jobs for up to 86,000 people who commute to and within the city from a radius of 100 km (62 mi). Lethbridge's economy has traditionally been agriculture-based; however, it has diversified in recent years. Half of the workforce is employed in the health, education, retail and hospitality sectors, and
3120-536: A whisky trading post at Fort Hamilton, near the future site of Lethbridge. The post's nickname became Fort Whoop-Up . The whisky trade led to the Cypress Hills Massacre of many native Assiniboine in 1873. The North-West Mounted Police , sent to stop the trade and establish order, arrived at Fort Whoop-Up on October 9, 1874. They managed the post for the next 12 years. Lethbridge's economy developed from drift mines opened by Nicholas Sheran in 1874 and
3240-602: Is also home to the Lethbridge Symphony, which was founded in 1960 and incorporated as a non-profit in 1961. It has produced several spin-off music groups, including the Southern Alberta Chamber Orchestra, and the still-active Lethbridge Musical Theatre, which produces an annual show. Vox Musica, which traces its roots back to 1968, is a community choir previously based at the University of Lethbridge . As
3360-535: Is considered to be the inspiration for "Lord Cut-Glass … that lordly fish-head nibbler … in his fish-slimy kitchen ... [who] scampers from clock to clock". Third Drowned's question at the beginning of the play, "How's the tenors in Dowlais?", reflects the special relationship that once existed between New Quay and Dowlais , an industrial town in South Wales. Its workers traditionally holidayed in New Quay and often sang on
3480-470: Is divided by the Oldman River ; its valley, the Oldman River valley parks system , has been turned into one of the largest urban park systems in North America at 16 km (4,000 acres) of protected land. Lethbridge is Alberta's third-largest city by population and area after Calgary and Edmonton . It is located near the Canadian Rockies , 210 km (130 mi) southeast of Calgary. Lethbridge
3600-531: Is home to Lethbridge Polytechnic , founded in 1957, and the University of Lethbridge , founded in 1967. Red Crow Community College has a campus in the city. During the 2015–2016 school year, the University of Lethbridge and the Lethbridge Polytechnic had a combined enrolment of 14,820, which represented 20% of the city's population. Under Milk Wood Under Milk Wood is a 1954 radio drama by Welsh poet Dylan Thomas . The BBC commissioned
3720-573: Is home to the Lethbridge Hurricanes , a major Western Hockey League franchise. The arena has a running track, racquetball and squash courts, and a full-size ice rink. In 1997, the 5,400 m (58,000 sq ft) Servus Sports Centre (originally the Lethbridge Soccer Centre) was built directly south of the ENMAX Centre and added two regulation size indoor soccer pitches to the complex. The Lethbridge Kyodokan Judo Club facility
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3840-722: Is located next to the Community Savings Place, and has been a Judo Canada Regional Training Centre since 2015. On the city's west side, Phase 1 of the Cavendish Farms Centre , formerly the ATB Centre, a recreation complex, opened in 2016 and houses two hockey rinks and the Lethbridge Curling Club. Phase 2 of this project The Cor Van Ray YMCA opened in May 2019 and includes a field house with basketball courts and
3960-475: Is now the Westside, the first housing development was not completed until 1974 and Whoop-Up Drive access opened only in 1975. Much of the city's recent growth has been on the west side, and it has the youngest median age of the three. The north side (pop. 28,172) was originally populated by workers from local coal mines. It has the oldest population of the three areas, is home to multiple industrial parks and includes
4080-498: Is split into three geographical areas: north, south and west. The Oldman River separates West Lethbridge from the other two, while Crowsnest Trail and the Canadian Pacific Kansas City rail line separate North and South Lethbridge. The newest and largest of the three areas, West Lethbridge (pop. 40,898) is home to the University of Lethbridge —which opened at that site in 1971. Although several farms existed on what
4200-503: Is the eleventh driest city in Canada. Mean relative humidity hovers between 69 and 78% in the morning throughout the year, but afternoon mean relative humidity is more uneven, ranging from 38% in August to 58% in January. On average, Lethbridge has 116 days with wind speed of 40 km/h (25 mph) or higher, ranking it as the second city in Canada for such weather. Its high elevation of 929 m (3,048 ft) and close proximity to
4320-405: The 2021 Canadian census conducted by Statistics Canada , the City of Lethbridge had a population of 98,406 living in 40,225 of its 42,862 total private dwellings, a change of 6.1% from its 2016 population of 92,729. With a land area of 121.12 km (46.76 sq mi), it had a population density of 812.5/km (2,104.3/sq mi) in 2021. At the census metropolitan area (CMA) level in
4440-637: The Alberta Legislature Building in Edmonton . Traditionally, political leanings in Lethbridge have been right-wing . Federally, from 1917 to 1930, Lethbridge voters switched between various federal parties, but from 1935 to 1957, they voted Social Credit in each election. Progressive Conservatives held office from 1958 until 1993 , when the Reform Party of Canada was formed. The Reform party and its various subsequent incarnations such as
4560-650: The BBC producer, Philip Burton , in the Café Royal in London, where he outlined his ideas for " The Village of the Mad …a coastal town in south Wales which was on trial because they felt it was a disaster to have a community living in that way… For instance, the organist in the choir in the church played with only the dog to listen to him…A man and a woman were in love with each other but they never met… they wrote to each other every day…And he had
4680-626: The CANAMEX Corridor , a trade route between Mexico, the United States, and Canada. Lethbridge has a commercial airport, Lethbridge Airport , and the Canadian Pacific Kansas City (CPKC) rail yards in Kipp, Alberta (12 km [7.5 mi] away). The airport provides commercial flights to Calgary, industrial and corporate opportunities, as well as private and charter flights elsewhere. The airport provides customs services for flights arriving from
4800-610: The Canadian Pacific Railway 's (CPR) efforts to settle southern Alberta with immigrants boosted Lethbridge's economy. After the CPR moved the divisional point of its Crowsnest Line from Fort Macleod to Lethbridge in 1905 and a new Lethbridge Canadian Pacific Railway Station (Union Station) was built in 1906, the city became the regional centre for Southern Alberta . In the mid-1980s, the CPR moved its rail yards in downtown Lethbridge to nearby Kipp , and Lethbridge ceased being
4920-638: The Castle Mountain ski resort . Lethbridge hosted the inaugural championship match for the Western Women's Canadian Football League in 2011, while the city's WWCFL team, the Lethbridge Steel , played in three straight title matches from 2012 to 2014. Eight councillors and a mayor make up the Lethbridge City Council . City voters elect a new government every four years. The last election
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5040-530: The Ministry of Health , administers public health services in Lethbridge. Chinook Health oversees facilities in southwestern Alberta, such as the Chinook Regional Hospital and St. Michael's Health Centre . Mass transit in Lethbridge consists of 40 buses (with an average age of 10 years) operating on more than a dozen routes. Traditionally, bus routes in the city started and ended downtown. In
5160-532: The North Western Coal and Navigation Company in 1882. North Western's president was William Lethbridge , from whom the city derives its name. By the turn of the century, the mines employed about 150 men and produced 300 tonnes of coal each day. In 1896, local collieries were the largest coal producers in the Northwest Territories , with production peaking during World War I . An internment camp
5280-575: The Rocky Mountains provides Lethbridge with cooler summers than other locations in the Canadian Prairies . These factors protect the city from strong northwest and southwest winds and contribute to frequent Chinook winds during the winter. Lethbridge winters have the highest temperatures in the prairies, reducing the severity and duration of winter cold periods and resulting in fewer days with snow cover. The average daytime temperature peaks by
5400-399: The University of Lethbridge in 1967. In 2015 American musician Marilyn Manson was assaulted by a local resident in the city's Denny's after the singer allegedly insulted a woman in the restaurant in the early hours of the morning. The city of Lethbridge is located at 49.7° north latitude and 112.833° west longitude and covers an area of 127.19 km (49.11 sq mi). It
5520-622: The "crowblack" and "bible-black" descriptions of Llareggub. The play's Fourth Drowned, Alfred Pomeroy Jones, "died of blisters", and so, almost, did Thomas, as he vividly describes in a letter home. And, in time, the island's "blister-biting blimp-blue bakehouse sea" would re-appear as Llareggub's "slow, black, crowblack, fishingboat-bobbing sea." On their return from Italy in August 1947, the Thomases moved to South Leigh , near Witney in Oxfordshire, where Thomas declared his intent to work further on
5640-525: The 17-year-old Thomas created a piece for the Swansea Grammar School magazine that included a conversation of Milk Wood stylings, between Mussolini and Wife, similar to those between Mrs. Ogmore-Pritchard and her two husbands that would later be found in Under Milk Wood . In 1933, Thomas talked at length with his mentor and friend, Bert Trick, about creating a play about a Welsh town: He read it to Nell and me in our bungalow at Caswell around
5760-477: The 2020 metropolitan population was 128,851, an increase of 1.5% over the previous year. In 2021, 49.8% of residents were Christians , down from 64.6% in 2011. 16.1% of the population were Catholic , 12.9% were Protestant , and 11.3% were Christians of unspecified denomination. All other Christian denominations and Christian-related traditions made up 9.6%, including a large population of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints adherents (5.8%). 44.3% of
5880-464: The 2021 census, the Lethbridge CMA had a population of 123,847 living in 48,647 of its 51,735 total private dwellings, a change of 5.5% from its 2016 population of 117,394. With a land area of 2,958.96 km (1,142.46 sq mi), it had a population density of 41.9/km (108.4/sq mi) in 2021. The population of the City of Lethbridge according to its 2019 municipal census was 101,482,
6000-675: The Canadian stage, playing leading roles in such productions as Waiting for Godot (2015), and The Tempest (1994), among others. He produced and directed a 2008 version of Waiting for Godot , and performed in a solo version of A Christmas Carol . In addition, he directed, as well as performed in, a 2006 production of Under Milk Wood that was staged in Victoria BC. In 2021, at age 78, he expressed no interest in retiring, and continued to be involved with theater until sidelined by health issues. In 2021, shortly before his daughter's wedding,
6120-456: The City of Lethbridge had a population of 92,729 living in 37,575 of its 39,867 total private dwellings, a change of 11% from its 2011 population of 83,517. With a land area of 122.09 km (47.14 sq mi), it had a population density of 759.5/km (1,967.1/sq mi) in 2016. The same census reported that the metropolitan area of Lethbridge was 117,394 in 2016, up from 105,999 in 2011. Subsequent data from Statistics Canada showed that
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#17328560004936240-704: The Cree") and Sik-ooh-kotok ("coal"). The Tsuutʼina (Sarcee) referred to it as Chadish-kashi ("black/rocks"), the Cree as Kuskusukisay-guni ("black/rocks"), and the Nakoda (Stoney) as Ipubin-saba-akabin ("digging coal"). The Kutenai referred to it as ʔa•kwum . After the United States Army stopped alcohol trading with the Blackfeet Nation in Montana in 1869, traders John J. Healy and Alfred B. Hamilton started
6360-520: The Sailors' Arms. Thomas drew a sketch map of the fictional town, which is now held by the National Library of Wales and can be viewed online. The Dylan Thomas scholar, James Davies, has written that "Thomas's drawing of Llareggub is... based on New Quay" and there has been very little disagreement, if any, with this view. An examination of the sketch has revealed some interesting features: Thomas uses
6480-548: The Thomas family moved to Laugharne , a small town on the estuary of the river Tâf in Carmarthenshire , Wales. They lived there intermittently for just under two years until July 1941. They did not return to live there until 1949. The author Richard Hughes , who lived in Laugharne, has recalled that Thomas spoke to him in 1939 about writing a play about Laugharne in which the townsfolk would play themselves, an idea pioneered on
6600-616: The Thomas family moved to a bungalow called Majoda on the cliffs outside New Quay , Cardiganshire ( Ceredigion ), Wales, and left in July the following year. Thomas had previously visited New Quay whilst living in nearby Talsarn in 1942–1943, and had an aunt and cousins living in New Quay. He had written a New Quay pub poem, Sooner than you can water milk , in 1943, which has several words and ideas that would later re-appear in Under Milk Wood . Thomas' bawdy letter-poem from New Quay to T. W. Earp, written just days after moving into Majoda, contains
6720-402: The United States. Lethbridge Canadian Pacific Railway Station was served by passenger rail on the CPR line between 1906 and 1971. The rail yards were eventually moved to Kipp, just west of the city, from downtown Lethbridge in 1983. The yards were planned for redevelopment with a mix of multi-family residential, commercial and light industrial land uses. The Park Place Mall is now located on
6840-549: The Welsh Merchant Mariners Index. It shows that New Quay and Ferryside provide by far the best fit with Llareggub's occupational profile. Thomas is reported to have commented that Under Milk Wood was developed in response to the atomic bombing of Hiroshima , as a way of reasserting the evidence of beauty in the world. It is also thought that the play was a response by Thomas both to the Nazi concentration camps, and to
6960-441: The actor was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia . A GoFundMe account was set up by his wife to help pay for the well-regarded but expensive medication, Venclexta , needed for Hylands' chemotherapy treatment. Lethbridge, Alberta Lethbridge ( / ˈ l ɛ θ b r ɪ dʒ / LETH -brij ) is a city in the province of Alberta , Canada. With a population of 106,550 in the 2023 municipal census , Lethbridge became
7080-458: The actors as they were preparing to go on stage. Thomas subsequently added some 40 new lines to the second half for the play's next reading in New York on 28 May. On his return to Laugharne, Thomas worked in a desultory fashion on Under Milk Wood throughout the summer. His daughter, Aeronwy, noticed that his health had "visibly deteriorated. ... I could hear his racking cough. Every morning he had
7200-542: The city experienced an economic slump. Development slowed, drought drove farmers from their farms, and coal mining rapidly declined from its peak. After World War II, irrigation of farmland near Lethbridge led to growth in the city's population and economy. Lethbridge became a centre for post-secondary education in Southern Alberta with the opening of Lethbridge Polytechnic (formerly Lethbridge College) in April 1957 and
7320-570: The city joined in a partnership with 24 other local communities to create an economic development alliance called SouthGrow, representing a population of over 140,000. In 2006, Economic Development Lethbridge partnered with SouthGrow Regional Initiative and Alberta SouthWest Regional Alliance to create the Southern Alberta Alternative Energy Partnership. This partnership promotes business related to alternative energy, including wind power , solar power and biofuel , in
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#17328560004937440-471: The city since 1955. Braman Furniture, which has locations in Manitoba and Ontario , was headquartered in Lethbridge from 1991 to 2008. Lethbridge serves as a hub for commercial activity in the region by providing services and amenities. There are many transport services in Lethbridge , including Red Arrow buses, four provincial highways , rail service and Lethbridge Airport , are concentrated in or near
7560-497: The city. In 2004, the police services of Lethbridge and Coaldale combined to form the Lethbridge Police Service . Lethbridge provides municipal water to Coaldale, Coalhurst , Diamond City , Iron Springs , Monarch , Shaughnessy and Turin . In 2002, the municipal government organized Economic Development Lethbridge, a body responsible for promoting and developing the city's commercial interests. Two years later,
7680-520: The citywide, 30 km (19 mi) pedestrian / cyclist Coal Banks Trail system. The system was designed to connect the Oldman River valley with other areas of the city, including Pavan Park in the north, Henderson Lake in the east, Highways 4 and 5 in the south and a loop in West Lethbridge (including University Drive and McMaster Blvd). Four provincial highways ( 3 , 4 , 5 , and 25 ) run through or terminate in Lethbridge. This has led to
7800-436: The clippered seas, as First Voice puts it. They have been to San Francisco, Nantucket and more, bringing back coconuts and parrots for their families. The Rev. Eli Jenkins' White Book of Llareggub has a chapter on shipping and another on industry, all of which reflect New Quay's history of both producing master mariners and building ocean-going ships, including schooners. In his 1947 visit to New Quay, Walter Wilkinson noted that
7920-471: The comedian Harry Locke , and worked on the play, re-writing parts of the first half, and writing Eli Jenkins' sunset poem and Waldo's chimney sweep song for the second half. Locke noticed that Thomas was very chesty, with "terrible" coughing fits that made him go purple in the face. On 15 October 1953, Thomas delivered another draft of the play to the BBC , a draft that his producer, Douglas Cleverdon, described as being in "an extremely disordered state...it
8040-400: The commercial, educational, financial, industrial and transportation centre of southern Alberta . The city's economy developed from drift mining for coal in the late 19th century and agriculture in the early 20th century. Half of the workforce is employed in the health, education, retail and hospitality sectors, and the top five employers are government-based. The University of Lethbridge ,
8160-548: The community requiring care and attention. On July 14, 2007, the Finance Committee of City Council approved four arts capital projects for inclusion in the city's Ten Year Capital Plan. Under the campaign to 2010, the renovation and expansion of the Southern Alberta Art Gallery was completed, a new Community Arts Centre will be built in downtown Lethbridge, the City of Lethbridge has a Public Art Program, and
8280-465: The creation of major arterial roads, including Mayor Magrath Drive , University Drive and Scenic Drive. This infrastructure and its location on the CANAMEX Corridor has helped make Lethbridge and its freight depots a major shipping destination. Lethbridge is 100 km (62 mi) north of the United States border via Highways 4 and 5 and 210 km (130 mi) south of Calgary via Highways 2 and 3. Highways 2, 3 and 4 form part of
8400-402: The current Conservative Party of Canada have dominated the polls since. The city's two provincial electoral districts are represented by one government MLA, currently Nathan Neudorf for Lethbridge-East , and one opposition MLA, currently Shannon Phillips for Lethbridge-West . Alberta Health Services , the provincial health authority that plans and delivers health services on behalf of
8520-490: The early 21st century, however, Lethbridge Transit introduced cross-town and shuttle routes, such as University of Lethbridge to Lethbridge Polytechnic , University of Lethbridge to the North Lethbridge terminal, and Lethbridge Polytechnic to the North Lethbridge terminal. Several routes converge near the Chinook Regional Hospital , although it is not officially a terminal. The Parks and Recreation department maintains
8640-489: The early hours of 5 November and died in hospital on 9 November 1953. The sources for the play have generated intense debate. Thomas himself declared on two occasions that his play was based on Laugharne, but this has not gone unquestioned. The towns of Llansteffan , Ferryside and particularly New Quay also have made their claims. An examination of these respective claims was published in 2004. Surprisingly little scholarship has been devoted to Thomas and Laugharne, and about
8760-452: The editor of Botteghe Oscure to explain why he hadn't been able to "finish the second half of my piece for you." He had failed shamefully, he said, to add to "my lonely half of a looney maybe-play". Thomas gave a reading of the unfinished play to students at Cardiff University in March 1953. He travelled to the United States in April to give the first public readings of the play, even though he had not yet written its second half. He gave
8880-469: The end of July/beginning of August, when it reaches 26.4 °C (79.5 °F). The city's temperature reaches a maximum high of 35.0 °C (95.0 °F) or greater on average once or twice a year. The highest temperature ever recorded in Lethbridge was 40.5 °C (104.9 °F) on August 10, 2018. The lowest temperature ever recorded was −42.8 °C (−45.0 °F) on January 7, 1909, December 18, 1924, January 3, 1950, and December 29, 1968. In
9000-533: The first half within a few months; then his inspiration seemed to fail him when he left New Quay." One of Thomas' closest friends and confidantes, Ivy Williams of Brown's Hotel, Laugharne, has said "Of course, it wasn't really written in Laugharne at all. It was written in New Quay, most of it." The writer and puppeteer, Walter Wilkinson , visited New Quay in 1947, and his essay on the town captures its character and atmosphere as Thomas would have found it two years earlier. Photos of New Quay in Thomas' day, as well as
9120-431: The first version of his radio play Under Milk Wood ". She mentions that he talked about the organist who played to goats and sheep, as well as a baker with two wives. Another at the party remembered that Thomas also talked about the two Voices. The testimony from Prague, when taken with that of Burton about the meeting in the Café Royal in 1947, indicates that several of the characters of the play were already in place by
9240-667: The former Hamlet of Hardieville , which was annexed by Lethbridge in 1978. South Lethbridge (pop. 32,412) is the commercial heart of the city; it contains the downtown core, Downtown Lethbridge ,the bulk of retail and hospitality establishments, and the Lethbridge Polytechnic . Lethbridge has a semi-arid climate ( Köppen climate classification BSk ) with an average maximum temperature of 12.8 °C (55.0 °F) and an average minimum temperature of −1.1 °C (30.0 °F). With precipitation averaging 380.2 mm (14.97 in), and 264 dry days on average, Lethbridge
9360-536: The fourth Alberta city to surpass 100,000 people. The nearby Canadian Rocky Mountains contribute to the city's warm summers, mild winters, and windy climate . Lethbridge lies approximately 215 km (134 mi) southeast of Calgary on the Oldman River and 105 km (65 mi) northwest of the Canada–United States border at the Sweetgrass–Coutts Border Crossing . Lethbridge is
9480-423: The idea that the narrator should be like the listener, blind.…" Burton's friendship with Thomas, and his influence on the play, has been set within the context of the work done by Burton and T. Rowland Hughes in developing community portraiture on the radio. Thomas went to Prague in March 1949 for a writers' conference. His guide and interpreter, Jiřina Hauková , has recalled that, at a party, Thomas "narrated
9600-523: The inhabitants of the fictional small Welsh fishing town, Llareggub, ( buggerall spelt backwards). They include Mrs. Ogmore-Pritchard, relentlessly nagging her two dead husbands; Captain Cat, reliving his seafaring times; the two Mrs. Dai Breads; Organ Morgan, obsessed with his music; and Polly Garter, pining for her dead lover. Later, the town awakens, and, aware now of how their feelings affect whatever they do, we watch them go about their daily business. In 1931,
9720-505: The internment camps that had been created around Britain during World War II. The fictional name Llareggub was derived by reversing the phrase " bugger all ". In some published editions of the play, it is often rendered (contrary to Thomas's own use – see below) as Llaregyb or similar. It is pronounced [ɬaˈrɛɡɪb] . The name bears some resemblance to many actual Welsh place names , which often begin with Llan , meaning church or, more correctly, sanctified enclosure , although
9840-710: The local arts. In the spring of 2007, the Allied Arts Council Facilities Steering Committee initiated the Arts Re:Building Together Campaign, a grass roots campaign initiative to raise awareness and support for improving arts facilities in Lethbridge. The campaign identified three arts buildings: the Yates Memorial Centre, the Bowman Arts Centre, and the Southern Alberta Art Gallery as cornerstone facilities in
9960-448: The name "No-good", anticipating Nogood Boyo of Under Milk Wood . Thomas's wife, Caitlin, has described the year at Majoda as "one of the most important creative periods of his life...New Quay was just exactly his kind of background, with the ocean in front of him ... and a pub where he felt at home in the evenings." Thomas' biographers have taken a similar view. His time there, recalled Constantine FitzGibbon , his first biographer,
10080-673: The name of an actual New Quay resident, Dan Cherry Jones, for one of the people living in Cockle Street. The Rev. Eli Jenkins is not in the sketch, however, and there are also three characters in the sketch who do not appear in the draft of the play given by Thomas to the BBC in October 1950. Thomas seems to have drawn on New Quay in developing Llareggub's profile as an ocean-going, schooner and harbour town, as he once described it. Captain Cat lives in Schooner House. He and his sailors have sailed
10200-452: The news?" It is this note, together with our knowledge that Thomas knew Jack Lloyd ("an old friend"), that establish the link between Willy Nilly and Lloyd. There were also other New Quay residents in Under Milk Wood . Dai Fred Davies the donkeyman on board the fishing vessel, the Alpha , appears in the play as Tom-Fred the donkeyman. Local builder, Dan Cherry Jones, appears as Cherry Owen in
10320-446: The old Dover stove, with the paraffin lamps lit at night ... the story was then called Llareggub, which was a mythical village in South Wales, a typical village, with terraced houses with one ty bach to about five cottages and the various characters coming out and emptying the slops and exchanging greetings and so on; that was the germ of the idea which ... developed into Under Milk Wood . In February 1937, Thomas outlined his plans for
10440-463: The only university in Alberta south of Calgary, is located here, as well as Lethbridge Polytechnic . Cultural venues in the city include performing art theatres, galleries, museums, gardens, and sports centres. Before the 19th century, the Lethbridge area was populated by several First Nations at various times. The Blackfoot referred to the area as Aksaysim ("steep banks"), Mek-kio-towaghs ("painted rock"), Assini-etomochi ("where we slaughtered
10560-575: The pier on summer evenings. Such was the relationship between the two towns that when St Mair's church in Dowlais was demolished in 1963, its bell was given to New Quay's parish church. Other names and features from New Quay in the play include Maesgwyn farm the Sailor's Home Arms, the river Dewi, the quarry, the harbour, Manchester House, the hill of windows and the Downs. The Fourth Drowned's line "Buttermilk and whippets" also comes from New Quay, as does
10680-612: The play was delivered to the BBC in late October 1950. It consisted of thirty-five handwritten pages containing most of the places, people and topography of Llareggub, and which ended with the line "Organ Morgan's at it early…" A shortened version of this first half was published in Botteghe Oscure in May 1952 with the title Llareggub. A Piece for Radio Perhaps . By the end of that year, Thomas had been in Laugharne for just over three years, but his half-play had made little progress since his South Leigh days. On 6 November 1952, he wrote to
10800-417: The play, as Cherry Jones in Thomas' sketch of Llareggub, and as Cherry Jones in one of Thomas' work sheets for the play, where Thomas describes him as a plumber and carpenter. The time-obsessed, "thin-vowelled laird", as Thomas described him, New Quay's reclusive English aristocrat, Alastair Hugh Graham , lover of fish, fishing and cooking, and author of Twenty Different Ways of Cooking New Quay Mackerel ,
10920-425: The play, which was later adapted for the stage. The first public reading was in New York City in 1953. A film version of the same name , directed by Andrew Sinclair , was released in 1972. A second adaptation of the play, directed by Pip Broughton , was staged for television in 2014 for the 60th anniversary of the piece. An omniscient narrator invites the audience to listen to the dreams and innermost thoughts of
11040-406: The play. It was here that he knocked the play into shape, as one biographer described it. There are various accounts of his work on the play at South Leigh, where he lived until May 1949. He also worked on filmscripts here, including The Three Weird Sisters , which includes the familiar Llareggub names of Daddy Waldo and Polly Probert. Just a month or so after moving to South Leigh, Thomas met
11160-545: The population was nonreligious or secular, up from 32.4% in 2011. 8.1% followed a religion (or spiritual belief) other than Christianity. The largest non-Christian religions were Islam (1.9%), Hinduism (1.3%), and Buddhism (1.1%). According to the 2021 census, 83.9% of residents spoke English as a first language . Other common mother tongues were Spanish (1.6%), Tagalog (1.4%), Nepali (1.0%), German (0.9%), French (0.8%), Chinese Languages (0.7%), Arabic (0.7%) and Dutch (0.6%). 1.7% of residents claimed both English and
11280-751: The portion of the former rail yards north of 1 Avenue South between Scenic Drive to the west and Stafford Drive to the east. The Lethbridge School Division and the separate Holy Spirit Roman Catholic School Division administer grades kindergarten through 12 locally. The Palliser School Division, which is based in Lethbridge, administers public primary and secondary education in the outlying areas. Lethbridge School Division administers five high schools ( Chinook High School , Immanuel Christian High School, Lethbridge Collegiate Institute , Victoria Park High School, and Winston Churchill High School ), four middle schools, and 14 elementary schools in Lethbridge. Immanuel Christian covers grades 6 through 12. Lethbridge
11400-487: The radio by Cornish villagers in the 1930s. Four years later, in 1943, Thomas again met Hughes, and this time outlined a play about a Welsh village certified as 'mad' by government inspectors. Hughes believed that when Thomas "came to write Under Milk Wood , he did not use actual Laugharne characters." Nevertheless, some elements of Laugharne are discernible in the play. A girl, age 14, named Rosie Probert ("Rosie Probert, thirty three Duck Lane. Come on up, boys, I'm dead.")
11520-433: The region. Lethbridge was designated a Cultural Capital of Canada for the 2004–2005 season. The Southern Alberta Ethnic Association (Multicultural Heritage Centre) promotes multiculturalism and ethnic heritage in the community. The city is home to venues and organizations promoting the arts. Founded in 1958, the Allied Arts Council of Lethbridge is the largest organization in the city dedicated to preserving and enhancing
11640-460: The river bottom and coulees. Several structures such as the historic post office are prominent on the skyline of Lethbridge. Less well-known than the High Level Bridge, the post office is one of the most distinctive buildings in Lethbridge. Built in 1912, the four-storey structure is crowned by a functioning clock tower. Other prominent buildings include office towers; the water tower, which
11760-460: The road." Jack Lloyd, a New Quay postman and the Town Crier, also lived on Church Street. He provided the character of Llareggub's postman Willy Nilly, whose practice of opening letters, and spreading the news, reflects Lloyd's role as Town Crier, as Thomas himself noted on a work sheet for the play: "Nobody minds him opening the letters and acting as [a] kind of town-crier. How else could they know
11880-412: The second half, and he continued writing on the train between Boston and New York, as he travelled to the 92nd Street Y 's Poetry Center for the premiere. With the performance just 90 minutes away, the "final third of the play was still unorganised and but partially written." The play's producer, Liz Reitell, locked Thomas in a room to continue work on the script, the last few lines of which were handed to
12000-516: The stopped clock in the bar of the Sailors' Arms. Walford Davies has concluded that New Quay "was crucial in supplementing the gallery of characters Thomas had to hand for writing Under Milk Wood . FitzGibbon had come to a similar conclusion many years earlier, noting that Llareggub "resembles New Quay more closely [than Laugharne] and many of the characters derive from that seaside village in Cardiganshire..." John Ackerman has also suggested that
12120-421: The story of the drowned village and graveyard of Llanina, that lay in the sea below Majoda, "is the literal truth that inspired the imaginative and poetic truth" of Under Milk Wood . Another part of that literal truth were the 60 acres of cliff between New Quay and Majoda, including Maesgwyn farm, that collapsed into the sea in the early 1940s. In April 1947, Thomas and family went to Italy. He intended to write
12240-511: The time Thomas had moved to the Boat House in Laugharne in May 1949: the organist, the two lovers who never met but wrote to each other, the baker with two wives, the blind narrator and the Voices. The first known sighting of a script for the play was its first half, titled The Town that was Mad , which Thomas showed to the poet Allen Curnow in October 1949 at the Boat House. A draft first half of
12360-534: The top concern. Only 8% of participants identified the same issue as the top concern in 2018. Lethbridge has designated 16 percent of the land within city boundaries as parkland, including the 755 hectares (1,870 acres) Oldman River valley parks system . It has facilities for field sports, numerous baseball diamonds, the Spitz Stadium, the Nicholas Sheran Park (a disc golf course), two skateparks ,
12480-485: The top five employers are government-based. Several national companies are based in Lethbridge. From its founding in 1935, Canadian Freightways based its head office there until moving operations to Calgary in 1948, though its call centre remains in Lethbridge. Taco Time Canada was based in the city from 1978 to 1995 before moving to Calgary. Minute Muffler, which began in 1969, is based in Lethbridge. International shipping company H & R Transport has been based in
12600-499: The town "abounds" in sea captains The following year, another writer visiting New Quay noted that there were "dozens of lads who knew intimately the life and ways of all the great maritime cities of the world." Llareggub's occupational profile as a town of seafarers, fishermen, cockle gatherers and farmers has also been examined through an analysis of the returns in the 1939 War Register for New Quay, Laugharne, Ferryside and Llansteffan. This analysis also draws upon census returns and
12720-413: The town's influence on the writing of Under Milk Wood . Thomas's four years at the Boat House were amongst his least productive, and he was away for much of the time. As his daughter, Aeronwy, has recalled, "he sought any pretext to escape." Douglas Cleverdon has suggested that the topography of Llareggub "is based not so much on Laugharne, which lies on the mouth of an estuary, but rather on New Quay,
12840-653: Was October 18, 2021, Lethbridge municipal election . Lethbridge does not have a ward system , so the mayor and all councillors are elected at large. The 2009–2011 operating budget of the City of Lethbridge was CA$ 250 –278 million, more than half of which came from property tax . One member of parliament (MP) representing federal electoral district of Lethbridge sits in the House of Commons in Ottawa , and two members of Alberta's legislative assembly (MLAs), representing Lethbridge-East ( UCP ) and Lethbridge-West ( NDP ), sit in
12960-616: Was "a second flowering, a period of fertility that recalls the earliest days … [with a] great outpouring of poems", as well as a good deal of other material. Biographer Paul Ferris agreed: "On the grounds of output, the bungalow deserves a plaque of its own." Thomas' third biographer, George Tremlett , concurred, describing the time in New Quay as "one of the most creative periods of Thomas's life." Some of those who knew him well, including FitzGibbon, have said that Thomas began writing Under Milk Wood in New Quay. The play's first producer, Douglas Cleverdon , agreed, noting that Thomas "wrote
13080-405: Was a centre of illegal activities during the late 19th century. It was first built in 1869 by J.J. Healy and A.B. Hamilton as a whisky post and was destroyed by fire a year later. A second, sturdier structure later replaced the fort. As the cultural centre of southern Alberta, Lethbridge has notable cultural attractions. Nikka Yuko Japanese Garden in south Lethbridge was opened in 1967 as part of
13200-404: Was a subject of disagreement by the nearby business community. The site closed at the end of August 2020 after the province removed grant funding following discovery of misappropriation of public funds. A week long survey was held for the 2020 budgeting priorities in Lethbridge. 401 randomly selected people participated in this survey and 43 percent of them identified the presence of ARCHES SCS as
13320-564: Was as the lead in an off-Broadway production of the comedy Billy Liar . After that 1965 debut role, he spent several years in San Francisco, acting with the American Conservatory Theater. Then, in 1968, he was asked by Canadian-American Hollywood film director Mark Robson to audition for a movie role. His first film appearance was in the 1969 suspense film Daddy's Gone A-Hunting . He got good reviews, but his movie debut
13440-510: Was at the fourth and was shocked by Thomas' appearance: "I could barely stop myself from gasping aloud. His face was lime-white, his lips loose and twisted, his eyes dulled, gelid, and sunk in his head." Through the following week, Thomas continued to work on the script for the version that was to appear in Mademoiselle , and for the performance in Chicago on 13 November. However, he collapsed in
13560-461: Was clearly not in its final form." On his arrival in New York on 20 October 1953, Thomas added a further 38 lines to the second half, for the two performances on 24 and 25 October. Thomas had been met at the airport by Liz Reitell, who was shocked at his appearance: "He was very ill when he got here." Thomas's agent John Brinnin , deeply in debt and desperate for money, also knew Thomas was very ill, but did not cancel or curtail his programme. He had
13680-421: Was constantly cleaning, recalled one of her neighbours, "a real matron-type, very strait-laced, house-proud, ran the house like a hospital ward." In her book on New Quay, Mrs Pritchard-Jones' daughter notes that her mother had been a Queen's Nurse before her marriage and afterwards "devoted much of her time to cleaning and dusting our home ... sliding a small mat under our feet so we would not bring in any dirt from
13800-607: Was killed in action in 1945 during World War II . He was raised and educated in southwest British Columbia , where he attended Shawnigan Lake Boys School on Vancouver Island . He then attended the University of British Columbia in Vancouver and graduated in 1964. Hylands initially studied zoology , but when the university began a theater arts major, he transferred into that program. Upon graduation, he left Canada to pursue an acting career in New York City , where his first role
13920-479: Was living in Horsepool Road in Laugharne at the 1921 census. Although there is no-one of that name in Laugharne in the 1939 War Register, nor anyone named Rosie, Laugharne resident, Jane Dark, has described how she told Thomas about her. Dark has also described telling Thomas about the ducks of Horsepool Road ("Duck Lane") and the drowning of the girl who went in search of them. Both Laugharne and Llareggub have
14040-478: Was originally built in 1958 and sold to a private developer who converted it into a restaurant; and the Alberta Terminals grain elevators. From March 2018 to August 2020, Lethbridge was home to ARCHES , 24-hour supervised drug use site . It was the busiest SCS in North America with 663 visits a day. The Star called it a "new landmark". The SCS featured injection drug and inhalation drug facilities and it
14160-628: Was overshadowed by another film that came out at the same time, Midnight Cowboy . In August 1975, Hylands appeared onstage as Mercutio in the Los Angeles Free Shakespeare Society production of Romeo and Juliet at the John Anson Ford Theater, known at the time as The Pilgrimage Theatre , in the Cahuenga Pass . He won some critical praise, both for his acting skill and for his good looks. While he did not become
14280-584: Was set up at the Exhibition Building in Lethbridge from September 1914 to November 1916. After the war, increasing oil and natural gas production gradually replaced coal production, and the last mine in Lethbridge closed in 1957. The first rail line in Lethbridge was opened on August 28, 1885, by the Alberta Railway and Coal Company, which bought the North Western Coal and Navigation Company five years later. The rail industry's dependence on coal and
14400-455: Was very ill and had lost his voice: "He was desperately ill … we didn't think that he would be able to do the last performance because he was so ill … Dylan literally couldn't speak he was so ill … still my greatest memory of it is that he had no voice." After a cortisone injection, he recovered sufficiently to go on stage. The play's cast noticed Thomas's worsening illness during the first three rehearsals, during one of which he collapsed. Brinnin
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