100-551: The Hundertwasser Art Centre with Wairau Māori Art Gallery is an art and cultural centre in Whangārei , New Zealand. It is the conception of artist and architect Friedensreich Hundertwasser , who lived near Kawakawa for 30 years, and was first designed in 1993. The project proved controversial and was considered and rejected a number of times until it was approved by a binding referendum in June 2015. The centre opened on 20 February 2022 with
200-553: A major earthquake in Christchurch the nation's second largest city significantly affected the national economy, the government formed the Canterbury Earthquake Recovery Authority . In its second term, Key's government implemented a policy of partial privatisation of five state-owned enterprises , while voters in a citizens-initiated referendum on the issue were 2 to 1 opposed to the policy. He also faced
300-600: A presidential memorandum to withdrawing the United States' signature from the agreement, making its ratification virtually impossible. In February 2016, Key reached an agreement with Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull to grant New Zealanders living in Australia a pathway to citizenship if they were earning five times over the average wage. As a result of this agreement, the Australian Government introduced
400-716: A severe housing crisis , especially in Auckland, and was widely criticised for a perceived lack of action. In foreign policy, Key withdrew New Zealand Defence Force personnel from their deployment in the war in Afghanistan , signed the Wellington Declaration with the United States and pushed for more nations to join the Trans-Pacific Partnership . Key was born in Auckland to George Key (1914–1969) and Ruth Key (née Lazar; 1922–2000) on 9 August 1961. His father
500-598: A "strong and solid win" for his party. The Prime Minister re-negotiated confidence and supply agreements with United Future, the ACT Party and the Māori Party, to secure a second term of government. In 2012, Key was implicated in the arrest of Kim Dotcom and the subsequent revelations that the Government Communications Security Bureau (GCSB) had illegally spied on Dotcom. As prime minister, Key
600-510: A "with-car" (goods train with a carriage attached) service lasted until June 1976. Restoration of the station by its Men's Shed occupant began in 2014 and was largely complete by 2020. Its Type C design was protected by a NZHPT Category II listing on 24 March 2006 (List Number 7646). The station was opened by the Minister for Railways, Gordon Coates , on 11 March 1925. Predecessor stations had been opened in 1880 and 1903. The 1880 station
700-413: A 6.3 magnitude earthquake struck Christchurch , causing widespread damage to the city region and significantly affecting the national economy. It was New Zealand's third deadliest natural disaster , killing 185 people. Addressing the nation, Key said that the disaster "...may well be New Zealand's darkest day". On 29 March 2011, Key created the Canterbury Earthquake Recovery Authority (CERA) to manage
800-529: A brickworks over several decades. Good quality limestone was quarried at Hikurangi, Portland and Limestone Island, and initially sold as agricultural lime, and later combined with local coal to produce Portland cement at the settlement of Portland on the south side of the harbour. Local limestone is still used in cement manufacture, but the coal is now imported from the West Coast of the South Island . Whangārei
900-575: A charitable trust board and operates independently and autonomous to the Hundertwasser Art Centre. In 2024 the chair of the board was Elizabeth Ellis . The Austrian artist-architect Friedensreich Hundertwasser , who lived in the Bay of Islands for 30 years, designed an art centre for Whangārei in 1993. The council did not build it at that time because Hundertwasser selected a building owned by Northland Regional Council, who did not wish to sell it to
1000-534: A crisis, claiming it instead was a "challenge". The prime minister was challenged over his criticism of Helen Clark's government's response to the housing crisis during the 2008 campaign, but reluctance to take a stand now it had worsened considerably. A Newshub poll released in May 2016 showed that 76% of New Zealanders felt the government was not doing enough to control the housing market, while only 20 per cent thought it had housing under control. International trade and
1100-549: A day from Whangārei, taking about 3 hours for the 158 km (98 mi) to Auckland and 1hr 45 mins to Kerikeri . Whangārei is connected to Auckland and Otiria by the North Auckland line , which carries freight only, the container transfer depot being at 33 Porowini Ave. From 1911 to 1933 it was also on the Onerahi Branch . The railway station lost its last scheduled passenger service on 15 September 1975, although
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#17328513160081200-566: A defence for parents charged with prima facie assault of their children. Key and Prime Minister Helen Clark agreed a compromise – giving police the discretion to overlook smacking they regarded as "inconsequential". In August 2007 Key came in for criticism when he changed his position regarding the Therapeutic Products and Medicine Bill. At the same time Labour's Trevor Mallard hinted in Parliament that Labour would try to link Key to
1300-506: A goal to have both, was also rejected. A final motion was passed that a binding referendum should be held in March. The New Zealand Herald said, "Last week it was decided, reluctantly, to hold a referendum on the proposal. To scrap the plan would be a loss not just for those supporting it now but for generations to come. At present there is no reason whatsoever for visitors to stop in Whangārei. With
1400-465: A newly formed trust called Prosper Northland. Under the new proposal Prosper Northland committed to finding all funding except for the earthquake strengthening. Whangārei District Council staff analysis stated that "Overall staff considers the HWMAC proposal to be about economic development while on balance the other three are more about enhancing Sense of Place and telling our story". A public meeting to present
1500-494: A number of private tertiary educational organisations that provide technical and vocational training. There are several schools which offer secondary schooling education within the urban area. Most suburbs have their own primary school. There are two intermediate schools (years 7–8) in the urban area. Several primary schools offer education from years 1–8. John Key Leader of the National Party Leader of
1600-958: A population density of 894 people per km . The urban area had a population of 53,841 in the 2023 New Zealand census , an increase of 1,947 people (3.8%) since the 2018 census , and an increase of 9,111 people (20.4%) since the 2013 census . There were 25,776 males, 27,918 females and 147 people of other genders in 19,821 dwellings. 3.0% of people identified as LGBTIQ+ . The median age was 38.2 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 11,022 people (20.5%) aged under 15 years, 9,714 (18.0%) aged 15 to 29, 22,353 (41.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 10,752 (20.0%) aged 65 or older. People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 68.5% European ( Pākehā ); 37.3% Māori ; 5.6% Pasifika ; 8.9% Asian ; 0.8% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 2.0% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English
1700-440: A rapid decline in coastal shipping but stimulated Whangārei to become the service centre for Northland. The population was 14,000 in 1945, but grew rapidly in the 1960s, incorporating Kamo and other outlying areas. In 1964, Whangārei was declared a city. Its population the following year was 31,000. The second half of the twentieth century brought the establishment and expansion of the oil refinery at Marsden Point on Bream Bay,
1800-503: A spectacular 26-metre (85 ft) waterfall in Tikipunga , 6 kilometres (3.7 miles) north of the city. Matakohe , or Limestone Island, lies in the harbour close to the city. Owned by Whangarei District, it is subject to ecological island restoration by the Friends of Matakohe/Limestone Island Society. Whangārei Central is the main business district. The city's urban area spreads through
1900-609: A theatre, café, shop and an afforested roof containing rare native species. The Wairau Māori Art Gallery is the world's first contemporary gallery dedicated to Māori artists with exhibitions curated by professional Māori curators for the permanent promotion of indigenous art in New Zealand. The name Wairau is the Māori translation of ‘one hundred waters’, the same meaning as the German Hundertwasser . The gallery has
2000-603: A theme which received a large amount of media coverage. Key followed up on this speech in February 2007 by committing his party to a programme which would provide food in the poorest schools in New Zealand. In opposition he was instrumental in promoting National's change of policy regarding keeping superannuation and Kiwibank . He also supported interest-free student loans and early childhood education funding. He relented on his stance in opposition to Sue Bradford 's Child Discipline Bill , which sought to remove "reasonable force" as
2100-453: A time of economic restraint. Initially, Key denied any knowledge of the plan, although reports later surfaced showing that his office was aware of the deal. Political opponents accused Key and his government of hypocrisy; he later apologised, calling it a "sloppy" deal, effectively placing most of the blame on his chief of staff. Shortly before the general election in November 2011, a recording
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#17328513160082200-518: A waitress' ponytail multiple times over several months; when Key learnt she had taken offence, he apologised. International media reported the incident as "ponytail-gate". Key had long supported changing the flag of New Zealand , and during the 2014 general election campaign promised a referendum on the issue. Following the election win, two New Zealand flag referendums were held in November/December 2015 and March 2016. The second resulted in
2300-678: A year by 2030. It will help diversify our economy and create more jobs and higher incomes for New Zealanders". Key was particularly intent on securing the participation of the United States in the agreement; to this end, he discussed TPP with President Barack Obama in April 2016, and hosted Secretary of State John Kerry in Wellington, 9–13 November 2016. The finalised TPP proposal was signed on 4 February 2016 in Auckland , concluding seven years of negotiations. In January 2017, US President Donald Trump signed
2400-465: Is a suggested solution to excess population growth in Auckland and the associated lack of industrial land. Mount Parihaka is a volcanic dome rising 259 metres (850 ft) to the northeast of the city centre and part of the Whangārei volcanic field . It is about 20 million years old, and aligns with the Harbour Fault, which also aligns with the volcanoes of Parakiore near Kamo , and Hikurangi near
2500-545: The 1998 Russian financial crisis . He was a member of the Foreign Exchange Committee of the New York Federal Reserve Bank from 1999 to 2001. In 1998, on learning of his interest in pursuing a political career, National Party president John Slater began working to recruit him. Former party leader Jenny Shipley describes him as one of the people she "deliberately sought out and put my head on
2600-541: The 2005 general election , garnering 63% of votes cast. He increased his majority again in 2008 , gaining 73% of the electorate vote. The low numbers in the National caucus meant Key was given more opportunities and responsibilities than most new Members of Parliament would. After serving as deputy finance spokesman under Brash, Key was promoted to the Opposition front benches in 2004 as party spokesman for finance. Key
2700-811: The Attorney General Christopher Finlayson became Minister Responsible for the GCSB and Minister in Charge of the New Zealand Security Intelligence Service (NZSIS), portfolios which have traditionally been held by a prime minister. Key was elected Chairman of the International Democrat Union (IDU), an international alliance of centre-right political parties. The National Party was a founding member party in 1983. In April 2015, Key acknowledged that he had pulled
2800-639: The Federal Reserve Bank of New York until leaving in 2001. Key entered the New Zealand Parliament representing the Auckland electorate of Helensville as one of the few new National members of parliament in the election of 2002 following National's significant defeat of that year. In 2004, he was appointed Finance Spokesman for National and eventually succeeded Don Brash as the National Party leader in 2006. After two years as leader of
2900-551: The Hatea River was opened, in the form of a bascule bridge . There are several cycle/walk ways under development connecting the city centre with the outer suburbs. These include Kamo (currently under construction), Onerahi (completed) and Raumanga/Maunu (several sections completed). The Hatea Loop (Huarahi o te Whai) is a central mixed space walkway connecting the Town Basin, Hihiaua Peninsula, Okara, Pohe Island and Riverside areas of
3000-799: The Muriwhenua iwi of the far north, the residents of the Hauraki Gulf islands, and Tāmaki Māori iwi to the south. An overland route, the Mangapai portage , allowed waka to be hauled between the Whangārei Harbour in the east, and the Wairoa River and Kaipara Harbour to the west along the Mangapai River . A number of Māori iwi are associated with the early history of Whangārei, including Ngare Raumati, Ngāi Tāhuhu, Ngātiwai and Te Parawhau . In
3100-480: The Northland Region . It offers degrees, diplomas and certificates in a wide variety of academic, professional and technical fields. The degrees are nationally monitored for quality and so can lead to postgraduate study at universities and other institutions. NorthTec has around 23,000 students studying either part-time or full-time. The University of Auckland maintains a campus in the city centre. There are also
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3200-795: The UN General Assembly meeting in September 2009. He met briefly with US President Barack Obama and former US President Bill Clinton . While in New York City , Key appeared on the Late Show with David Letterman . He read out the Top Ten list, 'Top Ten Reasons You Should Visit New Zealand'. In foreign policy, Key supported closer relations with the United States, an ANZUS defence partner. On 4 November 2010, US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and New Zealand Foreign Minister Murray McCully signed
3300-494: The University of Canterbury and earned a Bachelor of Commerce degree in accounting in 1981. He also attended management studies courses at Harvard University . Key's first job was as an auditor at McCulloch Menzies in 1982. He then became a project manager at Christchurch-based clothing manufacturer Lane Walker Rudkin for two years. He began working as a foreign exchange dealer at Elders Finance in Wellington, and rose to
3400-526: The Wellington Declaration . The agreement signalled an increase in the strategic partnership between the two nations and covered areas of co-operation including nuclear proliferation , climate change and terrorism. This was followed in June 2012 by a companion document, the Washington Declaration. Since 2008 Key has also engaged in Trans-Pacific Partnership negotiations with the United States and other Asia-Pacific economies. On 22 February 2011
3500-539: The central city . Whangārei is served by Northport , a seaport at Marsden Point . It was previously served by Port Whangārei, in the upper harbour near the city, which was operated by the Northland Harbour Board until 1988, when it was transferred to the Northland Port Corporation. The first two berths at Marsden Point opened in 2002, and Port Whangārei closed to commercial shipping in 2007 when
3600-452: The general election on 8 November 2008 , which signalled an end to the Labour-led government of nine years under Clark. The National Party won 45% of the party vote and 58 of the 122 seats in Parliament, overtaking the incumbent majority Labour Party. National negotiated with smaller parties to form a minority government with confidence and supply from the classical-liberal ACT Party ,
3700-614: The kauri gum trade. Today's 'Town Basin' on the Hatea River was the original port. Early exports included kauri gum and native timber, followed later by coal from Whau Valley , Kamo , and Hikurangi . Coal from the Kiripaka field was exported via the Ngunguru River . By 1864, the nucleus of the present city was established. Fire bricks made from fire clay deposits near the Kamo mines supported
3800-471: The marae and spoke, while police took the two men away and charged them with assault. Key was tied with the National Cycleway Project since its conception at the national Job Summit in early 2009. He proposed it, and as Minister for Tourism, was instrumental in getting NZ$ 50 million approved for initial construction work. Key launched New Zealand's campaign for a Security Council seat at
3900-504: The "Skilled Independent visa (subclass 189)" in July 2017 to fast-track the Australian citizenship naturalisation process for New Zealanders living in Australia. New Zealanders living in Australia for at least five years and earning an annual income over A$ 53,900 were eligible for the visa. By late February 2018, 1,512 Subclass 189 visas had been issued. However, this visa scheme was criticised by
4000-473: The 1987 "H-Fee" scandal, which involved Key's former employer Elders Merchant Finance and a payment to Equiticorp Chief Executive Allan Hawkins. Hawkins and Elders executive Ken Jarrett were later jailed for fraud. Key declaring that he had left Elders months before the event, that he had no knowledge of the deal, and that his interview with the Serious Fraud Office (SFO) during the investigation into
4100-424: The Christchurch suburb of Bryndwr . He attended the University of Canterbury and graduated in 1981 with a Bachelor of Commerce . He began a career in the foreign exchange market in New Zealand before moving overseas to work for Merrill Lynch , in which he became head of global foreign exchange in 1995, a position he would hold for six years. In 1999 he was appointed a member of the Foreign Exchange Committee of
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4200-624: The Council. While in New York, Key suddenly fell ill, but recovered in time for meetings with representatives from other countries ahead of the General Assembly. In April 2013, whilst visiting Chinese president Xi Jinping in Beijing, Key made headlines by suggesting New Zealand would back any United States or Australian military action against North Korea . The following day he backtracked, saying
4300-516: The GCSB to sign a "ministerial certificate" suppressing details of the bureau's involvement in the case while Key was overseas – the only time this had been done in the last ten years. The fallout from Dotcom's arrest continued in December when the High Court ordered the GCSB to "confirm all entities" to which it gave information, opening the door for Dotcom to sue for damages – against the spy agency and
4400-567: The Greenlane ASB Showgrounds, Key tripped after coming down a small set of stairs in front of cameras, leaving him with a broken right arm and "embarrassed". Later that year, when arriving at the Ngāpuhi Te Tii Waitangi Marae the day before Waitangi Day , Key was briefly shoved and grabbed by two protesters before diplomatic protection officers pulled them off. He told reporters he was "quite shocked" but continued onto
4500-587: The HWMAC proposal was attended by over 1000 supporters. Five councillors who voted against the more expensive HAC proposal moved to reject the HWMAC proposal. The motion was voted down at an extraordinary meeting of the Whangārei District Council on 12 November 2014 with only five councillors voting in favour. A counter-motion by the major to proceed with the HMWAC proposal and the Harbourside proposal, with
4600-528: The Harbourside option. Some local media called it a landslide victory. Voter turnout was 49%, which is comparable to voter turnout of 48% at the previous local body election in Whangarei. 35°43′27″S 174°19′30″E / 35.7243°S 174.3250°E / -35.7243; 174.3250 Whang%C4%81rei Whangārei ( Māori: [faŋaːˈɾɛi] ) is the northernmost city in New Zealand and
4700-517: The Hundertwasser Arts Centre, there would be." In May–June 2015 a referendum was held to determine whether to go ahead. Options presented were to build a Hundertwasser Art Centre with Wairau Māori Gallery in the former Northland Harbour Board building, or a maritime museum, or to demolish the building. Prime Minister John Key supported the project and indicated he thought Tourism New Zealand should assist with funding. A majority voted for
4800-491: The Hundertwasser and Gehry proposal for Te Papa. In 2014, however, newly elected councillors voted "That all previous motions and/or commitments on the Hundertwasser Art Centre be rescinded." The council then asked for further proposals to make that location iconic. The four proposals selected for further consideration included a revised proposal for the Hundertwasser Arts Centre (renamed Hundertwasser Wairau Māori Art Centre) by
4900-400: The Hundertwasser proposal in the referendum, according to the preliminary result announced after voting closed on 5 June. The local Northern Advocate newspaper reported there were 13,726 votes for the Hundertwasser proposal, 7,876 votes to demolish the building, and 5,478 votes for a maritime museum. The HWMAC received 51% of the vote, with the demolition option receiving 29% and 20% voting for
5000-473: The National Party Helensville selection. At the 2002 general election Key won the seat with a majority of 1,705, ahead of Labour's Gary Russell, with Neeson, now standing as an independent, coming third. The National Party was heavily defeated in the 2002 election, receiving only 20.9% of the party vote – the party's worst-ever election result. Following the fallout, a leadership coup against
5100-476: The National Party. He was succeeded by Bill English on 12 December 2016. After resigning from both posts in December 2016 and leaving politics, Key was appointed to the board of directors and role of chairman in several New Zealand corporations. As prime minister, Key led the Fifth National Government of New Zealand which entered government at the beginning of the late-2000s recession in 2008. He
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#17328513160085200-619: The Northland Regional Council, of which the city is the seat. Whangārei is governed locally by the Whangarei District Council . The city is split into two of the council wards, Denby, which takes the northern suburbs, and Okara, which takes the southern half of the city. Whangārei is covered by the Northland Police District, which is split into two areas, Whangārei/Kaipara and Mid/Far North. Judicially,
5300-402: The Opposition Prime Minister General elections Sir John Phillip Key GNZM AC (born 9 August 1961) is a New Zealand retired politician who served as the 38th prime minister of New Zealand from 2008 to 2016 and as leader of the National Party from 2006 to 2016. Following his father's death when he was eight, Key was raised by his single mother in a state-house in
5400-438: The Opposition , Key led his party to victory at the November 2008 general election . He was subsequently sworn in as prime minister on 19 November 2008. The National government went on to win two more general elections under his leadership: in November 2011 and September 2014 . Key was expected to contest for a fourth term of office at the 2017 general election , but on 5 December 2016 he resigned as prime minister and leader of
5500-415: The Riverbank Centre in the town basin. Disruptive Performers (Theatre Group) was formed in 2019, and they staged their first production in November 2020. Whangārei is home to many music organisations, such as Whangārei Youth Music, the Northland Sinfonia, and Sistema Whangārei. NorthTec , with its main campus located in the Whangārei suburb of Raumanga , is the chief provider of tertiary education in
5600-572: The Whangārei District Council. Hundertwasser went on to design the Hundertwasser Toilets for nearby Kawakawa , which became the major attraction for Kawakawa and are credited with providing an impetus for Kawakawa's economic recovery. After his death the Whangārei District Council revived plans to build the Hundertwasser Arts Centre and in 2012 signed a contract with Hundertwasser Non Profit Foundation to build it and to display authentic Hundertwasser work and contemporary Māori artwork there. The Hundertwasser Non Profit Foundation acknowledged this would be
5700-495: The adjacent development of timber processing and the establishment of Northland Port , which is mainly focused on timber exporting. Building of the Hundertwasser Art Centre with Wairau Māori Art Gallery commenced in 2018 after the funding target of $ 20.97 million was raised by a volunteer team in time for a June 2017 deadline, and the centre opened in February of 2022. A container port could follow, linked by rail to Auckland. The extensive, flat undeveloped land around Northport
5800-448: The affair could only have helped to convict the people involved. Then-SFO director Charles Sturt publicly supported Key's statement. Labour MPs criticised Key for not releasing specific policy information at their annual conference. Key responded that National would set its own policy agenda and that there was adequate time before the next election for voters to digest National Party policy proposals. Key became prime minister following
5900-422: The census question. Of those at least 15 years old, 5,895 (13.8%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 23,538 (55.0%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 11,589 (27.1%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $ 35,300, compared with $ 41,500 nationally. 2,832 people (6.6%) earned over $ 100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15
6000-483: The centrist United Future and the indigenous-rights-based Māori Party . Key was sworn in as prime minister and Minister of Tourism and also appointed as a member of the Executive Council on 19 November 2008, along with his nominated cabinet. He chose Bill English as his Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance . During his first term in office National remained high in the polls and one commentator described support for Key as "stratospheric". In 2011 he
6100-415: The chance of New Zealand troops entering North Korea was "so far off the planet". The general election on 20 September 2014 saw the National Government returned again. National won a plurality with 47.0% of the party vote and 60 of the 121 seats. On election night counts the party appeared to hold the first majority since 1994 with 61 seats, but lost a list seat (for Maureen Pugh ) to the Green Party on
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#17328513160086200-412: The claim, bringing Key's credibility into question. National won the election, but New Zealand's credit rating was subsequently downgraded anyway – by two different agencies – Standard and Poor's and Fitch Group . The general election on 26 November 2011 saw National increase its share of the vote and gain a seat, while Labour suffered further losses. Key called the election a "very happy night" and
6300-436: The earthquake recovery, co-operating with the government, local councils and residents. On 8 March 2011, John Key advised Queen Elizabeth II , Queen of New Zealand to appoint Jerry Mateparae as the next Governor-General of New Zealand . The Queen made the appointment later that day. In October 2011, Key was caught up in a controversy over the replacement of 34 three-year-old Government BMW limousines with new ones at
6400-484: The effective cost per household via rates to be $ 6.70 per year over 10 years. This per-household cost excluded the earthquake strengthening on the assumption it would be required regardless. The deputy Mayor, Phil Halse, said "Hundertwasser's legacy would put Whangārei on the map – not just in New Zealand but globally" whereas in Wellington the Wellington Regional Strategy study (2005) noted that Wellington had missed an opportunity to do just that for Wellington by not choosing
6500-420: The election, Key remained as finance spokesman. He was promoted to number four on the list, partly due to his success at selling the party's tax package during the campaign. While Keys ambition to become leader had been telegraphed from early in his political career, he was now beginning to rate highly on preferred prime minister polls. Rumours that Key was looking to take over the leadership circulated and there
6600-514: The government raised the rate of Goods and Services Tax (GST) from 12.5% to 15%, despite Key previously stating that an increase would not happen under a National government. Key's government also enacted several austerity measures. His government declined to renew license agreements for multiple television channels, including TVNZ 6 , TVNZ 7 , Kidzone and Heartland , while reducing funding for Radio New Zealand in real terms. In January 2009, after addressing Chinese New Year celebrations at
6700-446: The harbour as a gathering place for whales or for important rangatira . The harbour is known from traditional histories as a landing point for many of the migratory waka which reached New Zealand, including Tūnui-ā-rangi and Te Arawa . Many stories involving the Whangārei Harbour involve the legendary chief Manaia . Whangārei was traditionally an important location for trade during much of pre-European Māori history , linking
6800-405: The harbour more regularly, Ngāpuhi occupied Whangārei, and the Te Parawhau hapū lived at the head of the harbour. In the 1820s, the area was repeatedly attacked by Waikato and Ngāti Paoa raiders during the Musket Wars . The first European settler was William Carruth, a Scotsman and trader, who arrived in 1839 and was joined six years later by Gilbert Mair and his family. Relations between
6900-416: The harbour. One major tradition involves the sisters Reitū and Reipae of the Tainui migratory waka, who either flew from the Waikato north on the backs of birds, or in the form of birds. Other traditions describe the meaning of Whangārei as "lying in wait to ambush", referring to warriors watching over the harbour from Te Tihi-o-Kahukura / Castle Rock , or Whangārei meaning "to gather", referring to
7000-402: The inaugural exhibition, Puhi Ariki , curated by Nigel Borell . The Hundertwasser Art Centre with Wairau Māori Art Gallery is the last authentic Hundertwasser building in the world. It has a gallery on the top floor with 80 Hundertwasser original artworks and the Wairau Māori Art Gallery, a space for contemporary Māori artwork on the ground floor. The building also features a learning centre,
7100-465: The incumbent Bill English was launched by Don Brash , another of the 2002 recruits, in October 2003. English and his supporters offered Key the finance spokesman position for his vote and were confident they had the numbers with him on their side. Brash narrowly won 14 votes to 12 and at the time it was thought Key had changed his support to Brash. The votes were confidential, although later Key stated that he did vote for English. Key won re-election at
7200-512: The largest settlement of the Northland Region . It is part of the Whangarei District , created in 1989 from the former Whangārei City, Whangārei County and Hikurangi Town councils to administer both the city and its hinterland. The city population was estimated to be 56,800 in June 2024, an increase from 47,000 in 2001. The origin of the name Whangārei is unclear, as a number of pūrākau (Māori traditional stories) are associated with
7300-524: The last authentic Hundertwasser building, provided it was built on the building he selected. This project was costed, consented, agreed and included in the Long Term Council Plan. The cost to the council was to be $ 8 million including earthquake strengthening for the building. 220,000 visitors a year were expected. A feasibility study by Deloittes assessed the economic benefit to Northland as $ 3.5 million per year. The Yes Whangarei campaign estimated
7400-526: The late 18th century, Ngāpuhi expanded south into the Whangārei area. Captain James Cook and the crew of the Endeavour were the first Europeans to sight the Whangārei Harbour entrance. On 15 November 1769 they caught about a hundred fish in the harbour, which they classified as " bream " (probably snapper ), prompting Cook to name the area Bream Bay . In the early 19th century, when Europeans began visiting
7500-409: The line–either privately or publicly–to get them in there". Auckland's population growth led to the formation for the 2002 general election of a new electorate called Helensville , which covered the north-western corner of the Auckland urban area. Key beat long-serving National MP Brian Neeson (whose own Waitakere seat had moved on paper to being a Labour seat through the boundary changes) for
7600-743: The nearby Canopy Bridge. The Hundertwasser Art Centre was built on the site of the former Northland Harbour Board building. The Quarry Arts Centre is located on the edge of the Western Hills in the Avenues. The Hātea Loop walkway is an accessible, circular walkway which connects Town Basin, William Fraser Memorial Park,Te Matau a Pohe, Canopy Bridge, Clapham's Clocks and Reyburn House gallery. The walkway offers marina views and various family friendly outdoor activities. The Whangārei Theatre Company (formerly WOADS) has been staging theatre productions in Whangārei since 1946. They have currently made their home at
7700-678: The negotiation of free-trade agreements were a priority in Key's third term. He was a leading advocate of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), also supporting the Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership (TPSEP). Both agreements provide for a multilateral free-trade area in the Asia–Pacific region. In a September 2016 speech to the Council of Foreign Relations , Key said "[TPP] will boost our economy by at least $ 2.7 billion
7800-464: The official count (including special votes) of the party vote. National re-entered a confidence and supply arrangement with United Future, the ACT Party and the Māori Party. In October, Key created a new ministerial portfolio called the Minister of National Security and Intelligence to serve the newly established Cabinet National Security Committee . The Prime Minister assumed the new portfolio while
7900-497: The party and was elected unopposed . On becoming leader Key convinced Gerry Brownlee , deputy leader under Brash, to step aside and promoted his main rival English to deputy leader and finance spokesman. He showed a ruthless streak by unceremoniously pushing Brash out and refusing to allow another one of the 2002 recruits, Brian Connell , back into the caucus. In his maiden speech as National Party leader, Key spoke of an "underclass" that had been "allowed to develop" in New Zealand,
8000-415: The police. Later that month, Key's rating as preferred PM dropped to 39% – the first time in his four years as prime minister that his rating had slipped below 40%. It emerged that Key had known Ian Fletcher , head of the GCSB, since they were at school, but Key denied he had 'shoulder-tapped' Fletcher for the role. Later Key's office released a statement saying he rang Fletcher and recommended he apply for
8100-568: The position at GCSB. Key said he hadn't originally mentioned the phone call because he "forgot". Political commentator Bryce Edwards called it the "most appalling political management since he became Prime Minister back in 2008". Key continued New Zealand's push for a spot on the UN Security Council while in New York in 2013. There he accused rival candidates Spain and Turkey of using aid money to buy votes from small African countries, and said New Zealand would not be spending its way onto
8200-687: The position of head foreign exchange trader two years later, then moved to Auckland-based Bankers Trust in 1988. In 1995, he joined Merrill Lynch as head of Asian foreign exchange in Singapore . That same year he was promoted to Merrill's global head of foreign exchange, based in London, where he may have earned around US$ 2.25 million a year including bonuses, which is about NZ$ 5 million at 2001 exchange rates. Some co-workers called him "the smiling assassin" for maintaining his usual cheerfulness while sacking dozens (some say hundreds) of staff after heavy losses from
8300-480: The release of the tapes and the affair was nicknamed ' teapot tape '. A senior barrister criticised Key, stating that the comparison of the recording to the phone hacking scandal was a "cheap shot". Statements made by Key regarding New Zealand's national credit rating proved controversial. In October 2011 he claimed that Standard & Poor's (S&P) had said that "if there was a change of Government, that downgrade would be much more likely". S&P contradicted
8400-599: The remaining cargo operations were transferred to Marsden Point. Northland Regional Council organises the CityLink bus service. This bus service runs eight urban bus routes, with bicycle racks from 1 October 2018. On 20 November 2019, Whangārei became the first city to use Bee Cards . 2% of arrivals and 3% of departures in the Whangārei Central census area were by public bus in 2018. In other neighbouring census areas, even fewer used buses. Intercity operates 3 buses
8500-407: The retention of the current flag. Critics (both national and international) charged that the referendums were unnecessary, expensive and a "wasteful vanity project". The New Zealand housing crisis took hold substantially following Key's third term. From the time Key took office until the year he left, average housing prices had more than doubled. Key repeatedly refused to call the property bubble
8600-454: The settlers and local Māori were generally friendly, but in February 1842, all settler farms were plundered in revenge for transgressions of tapu . In April 1845, during the Flagstaff War , all settlers fled from Whangārei. Most of the original settlers never returned, but by the mid-1850s there were a number of farmers and orchardists in the area. From 1855, a small town developed, driven by
8700-491: The town is served by the Whangārei District Court and is also the base of the region's only High Court. State Highway 1 from Auckland to Cape Reinga passes through Whangārei. State Highway 14 from Dargaville connects to State Highway 1 in Whangārei. Whangārei Airport is located 7.4 kilometres (4.6 mi) southeast of the city centre, in the suburb of Onerahi . In July 2013, a second road crossing of
8800-509: The town of the same name. The dome is surrounded by the Parihaka Scenic Reserve. There is road access to the summit of Parihaka and walking tracks through the reserve, and a bridge linking it to Mair Park . The dome is frequently called Mount Parahaki, but the original Māori spelling of Parihaka was confirmed by the government in 2005. The Hatea River flows south through the city and empties into Whangārei Harbour . The river has
8900-618: The valleys of the surrounding area. The suburbs are: Whangārei has an oceanic climate ( Köppen Cfb ). The climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows. Summer days occasionally exceed 30 °C, and there is plentiful rainfall spread relatively evenly throughout the year. Using the Trewartha classification Whangārei is firmly a maritime subtropical climate due to its absence of winter cold. The Whangārei urban area covers 63.53 km (24.53 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 56,800 as of June 2024, with
9000-438: Was about 500 m (1,600 ft) to the north, near Walton Street. The station was enlarged and a refreshment room added in 1912. In 1929, the fastest train took 6 hrs 14 mins from Whangārei to Auckland. From 1956, railcars reduced the journey to 4hrs 10 mins. In 1943, the distance was measured as 129 mi 31 ch (208.2 km). The Whangārei Art Museum is located in the Town Basin. Artisan markets are held at
9100-752: Was an English immigrant and a veteran of the Spanish Civil War and World War II , who died of a heart attack when his son was eight years old. Key and his two sisters were raised in a state house in the Christchurch suburb of Bryndwr by his mother, an Austrian-Jewish refugee who escaped the Holocaust . Key is the third prime minister or premier of New Zealand to have Jewish ancestry, after Julius Vogel and Francis Bell . He attended Aorangi School , and then Burnside High School from 1975 to 1979, where he met his wife, Bronagh. He went on to attend
9200-477: Was an unofficial agreement between Brash and Key that he would be the natural successor. Things came to a head earlier than expected. In November 2006 Brash resigned as leader, citing damaging speculation over his future as the reason. Brash's resignation followed controversies over an extramarital affair, and over leaked internal National Party documents that were later published in the book The Hollow Men . After months of speculation, Key stood for leadership of
9300-567: Was described as supporting both socially liberal and economically liberal policies. Key was worth an estimated USD$ 35 million in 2016, making him the wealthiest individual ever to assume the premiership. In his first term, Key's government implemented a GST rise and personal tax cuts, while enacting several austerity measures. His government refused to renew license agreements for multiple television channels, including TVNZ 6 , TVNZ 7 , Kidzone and Heartland , while reducing funding for Radio New Zealand in real terms. In February 2011, after
9400-505: Was directly responsible for the GCSB, which is not allowed to spy on New Zealand citizens – and Dotcom had been granted permanent residency. Three days later, Key apologised for the illegal spying. "I apologize to Mr Dotcom. I apologize to New Zealanders because every New Zealander…is entitled to be protected from the law when it comes to the GCSB, and we failed to provide that appropriate protection for him." It subsequently came to light that Deputy Prime Minister Bill English had been asked by
9500-614: Was made of a conversation between Key and ACT Party candidate John Banks that they considered private – though the conversation took place in a public cafe. Key made a complaint to the police and compared the incident to illegal phone hacking in the News of the World scandal in Britain. The recording allegedly concerned the leadership of ACT and disparaging remarks about elderly New Zealand First supporters. Journalists and opposition parties demanded
9600-439: Was nicknamed " Teflon John" in the popular media, as nothing damaging to his reputation seemed to "stick" to him. Key's government introduced several bold economic policies in response to the global economic downturn that began shortly after he took office. The government introduced a plan of personal tax cuts, reducing taxes on all income; the top personal tax rate was lowered from 39% to 38% and then 33%. In its first budget
9700-556: Was spoken by 96.3%, Māori language by 9.6%, Samoan by 0.4% and other languages by 9.6%. No language could be spoken by 2.3% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language was known by 0.7%. The percentage of people born overseas was 19.2, compared with 28.8% nationally. Religious affiliations were 32.9% Christian , 1.4% Hindu , 0.4% Islam , 3.5% Māori religious beliefs , 0.6% Buddhist , 0.5% New Age , 0.1% Jewish , and 1.5% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 51.6%, and 7.6% of people did not answer
9800-547: Was that 19,677 (46.0%) people were employed full-time, 5,100 (11.9%) were part-time, and 1,500 (3.5%) were unemployed. Whangārei is within the Whangārei electorate and the Te Tai Tokerau Māori electorate. The current MP of the Whangārei electorate is Shane Reti of the National Party. The current MP of the Te Tai Tokerau electorate is Mariameno Kapa-Kingi of Te Pāti Māori. At a local level, Whangārei comes under
9900-507: Was the most urbanised area in Northland towards the end of the 19th century, but grew slowly in the 20th century. The district slowly exhausted most of its natural resources but was sustained by agriculture, especially dairying. Shipping was the main transport link until the North Auckland railway line reached the town in 1925, and the road from Auckland was not suitable for travel in poor weather until 1934. These terrestrial travel routes forced
10000-463: Was up against Michael Cullen , the Minister of Finance and a veteran of 23 years in parliament. There was concern he would be out of his depth going up against Cullen in his first term and there was talk among the party of trying to "protect" Key. During the 2005 election campaign political commentators felt Key matched Cullen in the debates, although he may have benefited from Labour focusing their campaign on discrediting Brash. Although Brash lost
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