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29-856: The party is also known as Hentchak , Henchak , Social-Democratic Hentchaks , Huntchakians , Hnchakian , Henchags , and its name is taken from its newspaper Hunchak , meaning "clarion" or "bell". This is taken by party members to represent "a call or awakening, for enlightenment and freedom". All seven founders of the party were Eastern Armenian Marxist students who had left Russian Armenia to further their education in various universities of Western Europe . They were young, in their twenties, and supported by their affluent bourgeois families. They were influenced by social-democratic revolutionary ideology, contacted Frederick Engels , Georgi Plekhanov , and later Vladimir Lenin . Mariam Vardanian had worked with Russian revolutionaries in Saint Petersburg . For

58-534: A socialist ideology and advocates for a planned economy in Lebanon. The party competes for the six seats reserved for ethnic Armenians in the National Assembly of Lebanon . The party declares itself as a national social democratic party. The party advocates for free education and healthcare, the promotion of human rights and equality, maintaining a strong democracy , protecting the environment , and creating

87-546: A decentralized social economy . The party also supports the unification of Artsakh with Armenia. In terms of foreign policy, the party supports Armenia developing closer cooperation within European structures, and developing closer ties with Georgia , Iran , China , and Japan . On 28 November 2023, the party announced its support for Armenia to join the European Union and to reduce its dependency on Russia . The party

116-567: A whole. During the convention, members stressed their concern of the Ittihad (Young Turk) government's blatant disregard of the Armenian lives who resided in Historic Armenia. The Hunchaks feared that this disregard would only escalate as time passed. The Hunchaks also stressed the importance of a United Independent Armenia which would be impossible under the dictatorial Young Turk government's rule of

145-725: Is an independent sporting organization but strongly affiliated with the SDHP (not to be confused with Homenetmen considered largely affiliated with the ARF ). Hunchak (also Hnchak , Hentchak , "Bell" in Armenian) was the official organ of the party. It was founded by Avetis Nazarbekian and published originally in Geneva and later in Montpellier and Paris (France), Greece , London , and Providence (United States), 1887–1915, 1935–1940. The main purpose of

174-712: Is the common name for the group of Hunchakian activists who were hanged in the Sultan Beyazıt Square of Constantinople (now Istanbul ) on June 15, 1915, during the Armenian genocide . The 7th General Convention of the Social Democrat Hunchakian Party which was held in Constanţa , Romania , in 1913, had a unique and great importance not only for the Hunchaks, but in the history of the Armenian people as

203-694: The Armenian Diaspora . On 12 May 2024, members of the central committee of the party met with Armenian President Vahagn Khachaturyan in Los Angeles and discussed relevant political issues such as the demarcation of the Armenia–Azerbaijan border and cooperation with the Armenian diaspora in the United States . The central committee concluded the meeting by reaffirming their readiness to support Armenia's statehood and advance national priorities. In

232-617: The National Assembly of Armenia and currently acts as an extra-parliamentary force. In June 2023, the Social Democrat Hunchakian Party and the European Party of Armenia formed an electoral alliance, known as Dignified Yerevan . The alliance nominated Karen Sargsyan as its candidate for the position of Mayor of Yerevan in municipal elections for September 2023 . The alliance, however, dissolved in August 2023 prior to

261-576: The Ottoman Empire . Thus the convention adjourned with two main objectives: I - As stated in its original program, the party was to move from licit to illicit activities, thus becoming once again a covert organization. II - To plan and assassinate the leaders of the Ittihad (Young Turk) party, the same leaders that carried out the Adana massacres of 1909, and thus the same leaders who at that moment were planning

290-819: The 135th anniversary of the party's founding), with the participation of delegates from 14 countries. Associate organizations: Media: Hunchak (journal) Hunchak ( Armenian : Հնչակ , romanized :  Hnch’ak , lit.   'Bell', also Hnchak , Hentchak ) was the official organ of the Social Democrat Hunchakian Party . It was founded by Avetis Nazarbekian and published in 1887–1915, 1935–1938, in Geneva and Montpellier (1887-1891), Paris (1891-1892, 1904–1915), Athens (1892-1894), London (1894-1904) and Providence (1935-1938). Hunchak's editors were Avetis Nazarbekian , Mariam Vardanian , Gabriel Kafian , Ruben Khan-Azat , S. Hovian, Stepan Sapah-Gulian , Sirvard and others. The main purpose of

319-523: The 1950s, the party clashed, sometimes violently, with the Dashnak Party , due to tensions that escalated when the ARF elected Bishop Zareh as Zareh I , Catholicos of Cilicia , a move that was rejected by the Hunchaks. This period was characterized by an escalation of conflict between the ARF on one side, and the SDHP and the ally ADL (Ramgavars) on the other side. In the midst of increasing sectarian strife in

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348-582: The 7th Conference of the Social Democrat Hunchakian Party in Constanta , where he represented the idea of the assassination of Ittihad leaders. But on 15 June 1915, Paramaz with 19 other his comrades were hanged in the central square of Constantinople. The party also played a role in the establishment of the First Republic of Armenia , as party members took part in the Battle of Sardarapat in 1918, which defended

377-571: The ARF. Following Armenia's independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, Yeghia Najarian, headed the SDHP organization in Armenia and founded the "Hnchak Hayastani" official organ. In the early 1990s, the party took part in the self-defense of Zangezur ( Paramaz battalion) and the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict ( Jirair-Mourad battalion led by Gevorg Guzelian). The party also remains active throughout

406-717: The Armenian capital Yerevan from the Army of Islam of the Ottoman Empire. After the takeover of the Armenian communists of power in Armenia in 1921 and dissolving of the Democratic Republic of Armenia, and the declaration of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic , all political parties apart from the Armenian Communist Party were forbidden. Thus the Social Democrat Hunchakian Party, alongside all

435-663: The Dashnaks in many centers of the Armenian diaspora, a situation becoming worse with religious differences, with the Social Democrat Hunchakian Party supporting Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin of the Armenian Apostolic Church and the ARF supporting the Holy See of Cilicia . In these conflicts, the Armenian Democratic Liberal Party (ADL) was seen as a political ally on the side of the SDHP and in opposition to

464-719: The Hunchak party, but disagreement with party policies led Andranik to leave the Hunchak ranks within less than a year, to join the Dashnaktsutyun party. In the early days of the formation of Armenian political powers, the Dashnaktsutyun sought "reforms within the framework of the Ottoman Empire", while the Hunchakian party favored an independent Armenian state. Hunchak was the official organ of Hunchakians. In 1894, in Athens and London ,

493-783: The Russian governor of Caucasus. In 1903, Paramaz organized the assassination attempt of Grigory Golitsyn . Paramaz was also one of the organizers of the self-defense troops during the Armenian-Tatar massacres of 1905–06. The Hunchakian party was also active in the international socialist movement, and was represented at the 1904 congress of the Second International by Plekhanov. On 27 July 1890, Hunchakian activists Harutiun Jangülian , Mihran Damadian , and Hambartsum Boyajian headed Kum Kapu Affray in Constantinople , which demanded

522-570: The Twenty Martyrs have been a source of inspiration for thousands of young Armenians throughout the world, most especially to those who joined the Social Democrat Hunchakian Party and fought under its banner. In 2001 the monument of Paramaz and his 19 Hunchakian comrades was opened in Meghri , Armenia . On June 15, 2010, a panel discussion was held in Yerevan and the hanged activists were commemorated at

551-741: The annihilation of the Armenian people. However, these secret objectives were passed on to the Ottomans by Artur Esayan (Arshavir Sahakian), a secret agent; consequently as soon as the delegates arrived in Constantinople, they were arrested. By the end of the year a total of one hundred and forty Hunchak leaders were arrested. After spending two years in terrible conditions in Ottoman prisons, and undergoing lengthy mock trials, twenty prominent figures - Paramaz , Dr. Benne, Aram Achekbashian , Vanig and others were sentenced to death by hanging. A few weeks after

580-596: The beginning of the Armenian genocide on June 15, 1915, all twenty men were hanged in the central square of Constantinople , known as Sultan Bayazid Square. Paramaz's last words before his hanging were, "You can only hang our bodies, but not our ideology. ...You will see tomorrow on the Eastern horizon a Socialist Armenia." The names are written according to the writer and publisher Teotig . Two other prominent Hunchakian activists, Stepan Sapah-Gulian and Varaztahd, were condemned to death in absentia . Since their execution,

609-685: The elections. The Hunchakian party has established affiliate organizations such as the AEBU which is an organization that helps with educational, health and social care, the Dekhrouni Student & Youth Association (founded in 1952, in Beirut ), the Gaidz Youth Organization (founded in 1910, in Constantinople ), Nor Serount Cultural Association (founded in 1954, in Beirut), and HMM ( Homenmen ) which

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638-598: The implementation of reforms in the Western Armenian provinces. In the early 1890s, frequent clashes between the Armenian inhabitants of Sason and the Turkish forces took place because of Sassontsis' refusal to pay retroactive taxes to the Turkish government. In 1894, Sasun Resistance was organized by the Hunchak party under the leadership of Mihran Damadian , Hambartsum Boyajian , Kevork Chavush , and Hrayr Dzhoghk . In 1913, Hunchakian leader Paramaz participated in

667-572: The late 1960s and early 1970s, which led to the Lebanese Civil War , however, Lebanon's Armenian community began to close ranks, and in 1972, the Hunchakian Party ran a joint ticket with the Dashnaks. In 2000, the Hunchakian Party joined forces with Rafik Hariri 's Future Movement , which swept the city of Beirut . SDHP Central Committee Member Dr Yeghia Jerejian was a member of Lebanese Parliament for many years. The party subscribes to

696-593: The other Armenian traditional political parties, effectively became a party of the Armenian diaspora only. But the party remained in general a supporter of the development of the Armenian SSR for many decades, in sharp contrast to the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF) that remained opposed to the Communist regime in Armenia. This resulted at many times in feuds and rifts between the Hunchaks and

725-561: The paper was a propaganda organ of the Armenian national movement for the liberation, the resistance in Western Armenian regions. Hunchak also supported the ideology of social-democracy and worker's consolidation. Present-day party publications include: The party's 20th General Conference took place in September 2013, in Yerevan and Tsaghkadzor , with the participation of delegates from 17 countries. The party's 22nd General Conference took place in September 2022, in Yerevan (coinciding with

754-418: The paper was the propaganda of the Armenian national movement for the liberation, the resistance in Western Armenian regions. Hunchak also supported the ideology of social-democracy and worker's consolidation. Hunchak consisted of 16-32 pages, 33x25sm. The 20 Hunchakian gallows The 20 Hunchakian gallows ( Armenian : Քսան կախաղան , K'san kakhaghan , also " The 20 Martyrs " and " The 20s ")

783-574: The party published a socialist scientific monthly, Gaghapar , which for the first time published " The Communist Manifesto " in Armenian, translated by Avetis and Mariam Nazarbekians. The First General Conference of Hunchakian party took place in London, in September 1896. In the Caucasus , the Hunchakian party has also played a prominent role, it combated the Russification policy of Viceroy Grigory Golitsyn ,

812-816: The purpose of furthering revolutionary activity in Turkish Armenia , they formed the Hunchakian Revolutionary Party in August, 1887. The party's manifesto, printed in the first issue of Hunchak journal, contained this slogan: "Those who cannot attain freedom through revolutionary armed struggle are unworthy of it". The Hunchak party fought many battles against the Ottoman Empire, to free the Armenian people from Turkish rule. During this period, many famous intellectuals joined Hunchakian party, including Smpad Piurad , Stepan Sapah-Gulian , Alexander Atabekian , Atrpet , and Aram Andonian . One of Armenia's famous national heroes Andranik Ozanian , at first, joined

841-720: Was a previous member of the Armenian National Congress . Prior to the 2021 Armenian parliamentary election , the party announced that it would nominate 4 members to run in the elections under the Democratic Party of Armenia 's electoral list. Following the election, the Democratic Party of Armenia won just 0.39% of the popular vote, failing to win any seats in the National Assembly. As such, the Social Democrat Hunchakian Party does not have any representation within

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