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51-544: (Redirected from Huaiyin District ) Huaiyin may refer to: Huai'an ( 淮阴 ), named Huaiyin before 2001, a prefecture-level city in Jiangsu, People's Republic of China Huaiyin District, Huai'an ( 淮阴区 ), Jiangsu, People's Republic of China Huaiyin District, Jinan ( 槐荫区 ), Shandong, People's Republic of China Chinese frigate Huaiyin (513) , 1977-2013 Topics referred to by

102-526: A long-time customs manager, was appointed postal secretary in 1901. Appointing a French national to the top position fulfilled an 1898 commitment by China to "take into account the recommendations of the French government" when selecting staff for the post office. Until 1911, the post office remained part of the Chinese Maritime Customs Service , which meant that Hart was Piry's boss. To resolve

153-703: A prominent and early Chinese Communist leader who served as premier of the PRC from 1949 until his death in 1976. Huai'an is the atonal pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of the Chinese name 淮安 ( Huái'ān ), the name of the River Huai and the Chinese word for "peaceful" or "pacified". The apostrophe is necessary because the second character begins with a vowel and pinyin generally avoids hyphens. The same name

204-609: A true representation of the varieties of Chinese orthoepy as evinced by the Post Office's repeated desire to transcribe according to "local pronunciation" or "provincial sound-equivalents". At the Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation in 1913, the idea of a national language with a standardized trans-regional phonology was approved. A period of turmoil followed as President Yuan Shikai reversed course and attempted to restore

255-583: A variety of Mandarin pronunciations with a single romanization system. The spelling "Amoy" is based on pronunciation of Xiamen in the neighboring Zhangzhou dialect of Hokkien 廈門 ; Ēe-mûi , which historically contributed to the formation of the local Amoy dialect of Hokkien in Xiamen . "Peking" is carried over from the d'Anville map which also came from older texts, such as Italian Jesuit Martino Martini 's De Bello Tartarico Historia (1654) and Novus Atlas Sinensis (1655). In Nanking syllabary,

306-789: Is a football stadium with a capacity of 30,000. Huai'an is served by the Xinyi-Changxing railway , which has a station in Huaiyin District. Being at the intersection of the Grand Canal and Huai River Huai'an is an important inland port . The city is also served by nearby Huai'an Lianshui International Airport . Currently the airport is served by China Eastern Airlines, which offers flights to Beijing-Capital, Chongqing, Guangzhou, Shanghai-Hongqiao, Shanghai-Pudong, Wenzhou, Wuhan, Xiamen, and Xi'an. Several other airlines offer domestic flights to cities such as Nanning and Zhengzhou. The airport

357-520: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Huai%27an Long an important regional center, Huai'an lies on and is named for the Huai River , the historical boundary between Northern and Southern Chinese culture . Once much closer to the East China Sea , it now lies in the middle of Jianghuai , the vast alluvial plain created by silt from

408-520: Is known as " Jianghuai ", referring to its position between the Huai River and the Yangtze , long known poetically in China as simply "The River" ( 江 , Jiāng ). The local dialect is a form of Jianghuai or Lower Yangtze Mandarin . Similarly, the local cuisine is Jianghuai or Huaiyang cuisine , historically considered one of the four chief styles of true Chinese cooking . The Huai'an City Sports Stadium

459-483: Is located 22 km (14 mi) from central Huai'an in Lianshui county. Public transportation includes a tram system that connects the city center with the southeastern side of the city. Huai'an is twinned with: Postal Map romanization Postal romanization was a system of transliterating place names in China developed by postal authorities in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. For many cities,

510-519: Is located in Xuyi . Now part of Huai'an, the area around it was administered as the separate Sizhou Prefecture during the Yuan , when it was the home of the family of the future Hongwu Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang. Although his family moved to Fengyang in present-day Anhui before his birth, he erected a large mausoleum in honor of his grandfather, great-grandfather, and great-great-grandfather after his establishment of

561-508: The Beijing dialect that is taught in the Chinese education system. After the Kuomintang (KMT) party came to power in 1927, the capital was moved from Peking ('northern capital') to Nanking ('southern capital'). Peking was renamed to "Peiping" ('northern peace'). The Customs Post, China's first government-run post office, opened to the public and began issuing postage stamps in 1878. This office

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612-628: The Chinese Civil War , it fell to the Communist army in December 1948. On 21 April 1949, the area was reorganized as Huaiyin District and divided into the 10 counties of Guanyun, Huaiyin, Huaibao (western Huai'an and Baoyin with its seat at Chahe), Lianshui, Pisui (southern Pixian and northern Suining with its seat at Tushan), Shuyang, Siyang, Suining, Suqian, and Xin'an (parts of Shuyang and Suqian with its seat at Xin'an). On 12 May 1950, Huaibao County

663-614: The Ming . The site's was entirely submerged—along with the entire city of Sizhou—in 1680. It did not reappear above water until the early 1960s. The original Qing Yan Garden was first built during the reign of the Kangxi Emperor of the Qing . The area was occupied by the Japanese army during World War II and administered as part of Wang Jingwei 's puppet regime . During the closing phases of

714-511: The Si River and begin flowing into the lower reaches of the Huai. The massive amounts of silt greatly expanded the farmland to the east of Huai'an but also greatly expanded Hongze Lake and caused repeated and disastrous floods despite centuries of attempts at river management by Pan Jixun and similar viceroys , often based within modern Huai'an. The Ming Dynasty Ancestral Tomb ( 明祖陵 , Míngzǔlíng )

765-458: The alluvial Jianghuai Plain . The area is very flat with only a few notable hills in Xuyi County . The highest altitude in the municipality is 200 meters (660 ft). The area is notable for its large number of lakes, rivers, and canals. The Grand Canal connects with the Huai in the city. Hongze Lake , the fourth-largest freshwater lake in China , is southwest of the urban districts. Towards

816-646: The flood control efforts of Yu the Great to the Huai. Under the Zhou , the area became an important agricultural center contested by the petty kingdoms of the Spring and Autumn period . In 486   BC, the hegemon Fuchai of Wu completed the Han or Hangou Canal ( t 邗溝 , s 邗沟 , Hángōu ), connecting his center of power at Suzhou near the Yangtze Delta with

867-643: The American press adopted pinyin in 1979. The International Organization for Standardization followed suit in 1982. Postal romanization remained official in Taiwan until 2002, when Tongyong Pinyin was adopted. In 2009, Hanyu Pinyin replaced Tongyong Pinyin as the official romanization (see Chinese language romanization in Taiwan ). While street names in Taipei have been romanized via Hanyu Pinyin, municipalities throughout Taiwan, such as Kaohsiung and Tainan , presently use

918-824: The Huai River at Huai'an to ease his supply lines in conflicts against Qi . Increasing in commercial and strategic importance, the town also became a waypoint on the Qian and Shan Roads. During the Warring States period , the area was held in turn by Wu, Yue , and Chu before being conquered by Shi Huangdi of Qin . Under the Qin , the area of present-day Huai'an was administered as the counties or districts of Huaiyin (with its seat at present-day Matou in Huaiyin ), Xuyi, and Dongyang (with its seat at present-day Maba in Xuyi ). Its people joined

969-628: The Huai and from the Yellow River , which flowed nearby for centuries prior to the massive floods in the mid-19th century which returned it to its old course north of Shandong . Huai'an is known as the birthplace of Han Xin , a famed general who helped found the Han dynasty and overwhelm Xiang Yu in Chu-han contention ; Wu Cheng'en (1500–1582), the Ming author of Journey to the West ; and Zhou Enlai (1898–1976),

1020-490: The Japanese ousted A. M. Chapelain, the last French head of the Chinese post. The post office had been under French administration almost continuously since Piry's appointment as postal secretary in 1901. In 1958, Communist China announced that it was adopting the pinyin romanization system. Implementing the new system was a gradual process. The government did not get around to abolishing postal romanization until 1964. Even then,

1071-510: The Post Office, quietly ordered a return to Nanking syllabary "until such time as uniformity is possible." Although the Soothill-Wade period was brief, it was a time when 13,000 offices were created, a rapid and unprecedented expansion. At the time the policy was reversed, one third of all postal establishments used Soothill-Wade spelling. The Ministry published a revised pronunciation standard based strictly on Jilu Mandarin in 1932. In 1943,

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1122-511: The Wade–Giles method of transliteration. This system had been created by Thomas Francis Wade in 1867. It is based on pronunciation in Beijing. Giles's dictionary also gives pronunciation in the dialects of various other cities, allowing the reader to create locally based transliteration. From January 1893 to September 1896, local postal services issued postage stamps that featured the romanized name of

1173-511: The Wade–Giles system to be specific to English. Atlases explaining postal romanization were issued in 1907, 1919, 1933, and 1936. The ambiguous result of the 1906 conference led critics to complain that postal romanization was idiosyncratic. According to modern scholar Lane J. Harris: What they have criticized is actually the very strength of postal romanization. That is, postal romanization accommodated local dialects and regional pronunciations by recognizing local identity and language as vital to

1224-627: The Xian'an Administrative Office, which shortly became the separate Guannan County. In 1958, Qingjiang absorbed the surrounding more rural Huaiyin County but was renamed Huaiyin City. In 1964, Huaiyin County was again separated but kept its seat in the urban area, which again became Qingjiang. In 1966, Xuyi County was transferred to Luhe District. In 1970, Huaiyin District became the Huaiyin Region. The next year, Xuyi

1275-451: The city is Pehking . The irregular oo in "Soochow" is to distinguish this city from Xuzhou in northern Jiangsu. The other postal romanizations are based on "Southern Mandarin", the historical court dialect based on the Nanjing dialect , which used to be the imperial lingua franca of the late Ming and early Qing court. Pinyin spellings are based on Standard Chinese , a form based on

1326-763: The city of origin in Latin letters, often romanized using Giles's system. In 1896, the Customs Post was combined with other postal services and renamed the Chinese Imperial Post . As a national agency, the Imperial Post was an authority on Chinese place names. When the Wade–Giles system became widespread, some argued that the post office should adopt it. This idea was rejected at a conference held in 1906 in Shanghai . Instead,

1377-510: The city they served using local pronunciation. An imperial edict issued in 1896 designated the Customs Post a national postal service and renamed it the Chinese Imperial Post . The local post offices in the Treaty Ports were incorporated into the new service. The Customs Post was smaller than other postal services in China, such as the British. As the Imperial Post, it grew rapidly and soon became

1428-406: The city's administration while the last—Guanyun County—was placed under Lianyungang. In December 1987, Huai'an and Suqian Counties were promoted to county-level cities. In 1996, the county-level city of Suqian was promoted to prefecture-level, taking Sihong, Siyang, and Shuyang Counties along with it. Guannan County was separately placed under the administration of Lianyungang. On 21 December 2000,

1479-417: The conference formally adopted Nanking syllabary. This decision allowed the post office to continue to use various romanizations that it had already selected. Wade–Giles romanization is based on the Beijing dialect , a pronunciation standard since the 1850s. The use of Nanking syllabary did not suggest that the post office considered Nanjing pronunciation to be standard. Rather, it was an attempt to accommodate

1530-464: The corresponding postal romanization was the most common English-language form of the city's name from the 1890s until the 1980s, when postal romanization was replaced by pinyin , but the system remained in place on Taiwan until 2002. In 1892, Herbert Giles created a romanization system called the Nanking syllabary . The Imperial Maritime Customs Post Office would cancel postage with a stamp that gave

1581-571: The cradle of early Chinese civilization on the Wei and Yellow Rivers . Modern Chinese archaeology has found remains from Neolithic civilizations in the area as far back as the 4th millennium   BC. The most famous of these is the Qinglianggang culture ( 青莲岗文化 ). Traditional Chinese historiography considered the area part of the Dongyi or "Eastern Barbarians ", but Chinese myth sometimes extended

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1632-496: The decision to use Nanking syllabary was not intended to suggest that the post office recognized any specific dialect as standard. The Lower Yangtze Mandarin dialect spoken in Nanjing makes more phonetic distinctions than other dialects. A romanization system geared to this dialect can be used to reflect pronunciation in a wider variety of dialects. Southern Mandarin is widely spoken in both Jiangsu and Anhui . In Giles' idealization,

1683-424: The dominant player in the market. In 1899, Hart, as inspector general of posts, asked postmasters to submit romanizations for their districts. Although Hart asked for transliterations "according to the local pronunciation", most postmasters were reluctant to play lexicographer and simply looked up the relevant characters in a dictionary. The spellings that they submitted generally followed the Wade–Giles system, which

1734-565: The first 30- li section of the Gaojia Dike ( 高家堰 , Gāojiāyàn ) to minimize damage from flooding along the Huai. He also expanded the Hangou Canal westward and combined the small Fuling lakes into a single Pofu Pond to assist with irrigation . Under the Sui , the Hangou Canal was expanded north and south to establish the Grand Canal , increasing traffic and trade through the city. Emperor Yang

1785-466: The post office did not adopt pinyin, but merely withdrew Latin characters from official use, such as in postal cancellation markings. Mapmakers of the time followed various approaches. Private atlas makers generally used postal romanization in the 1940s, but they later shifted to Wade–Giles. The U.S. Central Intelligence Agency used a mix of postal romanization and Wade–Giles. The U.S. Army Map Service used Wade–Giles exclusively. The U.S. government and

1836-412: The prefecture-level city of Huaiyin was renamed Huai'an. The Huaiyin County and the county-level Huai'an City became Huaiyin and Huai'an Districts and the various districts' and counties' borders slightly adjusted in different ways. In October 2016, Qinghe and Qingpu reunited to form the city's current Qingjiangpu District . The people of Huai'an are generally ethnically Han Chinese . The local culture

1887-599: The rebels who overthrew the Qin , prominently including Han Xin . Under the Han , the counties of Huaipu (with its seat in western Lianshui ), Sheyang (with its seat in southeastern Huai'an ), and Fulin (with its seat now under the waters of Hongze Lake ) were added. In Jian'an 5 ( c.  200 ), near the beginning of the Three Kingdoms period , the Guangling commander Chen Deng —then subordinate to Lü Bu —constructed

1938-476: The romanization issue, Piry organized an Imperial Postal Joint-Session Conference in Shanghai in the spring of 1906. This was a joint postal and telegraphic conference. The conference resolved that existing spellings would be retained for names already transliterated. Accents, apostrophes, and hyphens would be dropped to facilitate telegraphic transmission. The requirement for addresses to be given in Chinese characters

1989-497: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Huaiyin . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Huaiyin&oldid=1025033389 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Articles containing Chinese-language text Short description

2040-600: The same year, Pisui, Suining, and Xinyi Counties were placed under the administration of Xuzhou District . Qingjiang was separately elevated to a prefecture-level city despite still being subordinate to Huaiyin District. Shortly thereafter, the district added Huai'an County from Yancheng, Sihong County from Suxian, and Xuyi County from Chuxian District in Anhui. In 1956, Hongze County was established from parts of Huaiyin, Sihong, and Xuyi Counties, with its seat at Gaoliangjian. In 1957, parts of Guanyun and Lianshui Counties were organized as

2091-825: The south, there are also several smaller lakes. Huai'an is situated almost directly south of Lianyungang , southeast of Suqian , northwest of Yancheng , and north of Yangzhou and Nanjing in Jiangsu and northeast of Chuzhou in Anhui . The climate in Huai'an is mild, generally warm and temperate. Winters are much drier than summers. Its Köppen climate classification is Cwa: humid subtropical climate with dry winters. The prefecture-level city of Huai'an administers 7 county-level divisions , including 4 urban districts and 3 more rural counties . These are further divided into 127 township-level divisions , including 84 towns , 33 townships , and 10 subdistricts . Huai'an lies southeast of

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2142-467: The speaker consistently makes various phonetic distinctions not made in Beijing dialect (or in the dialect of any other specific city). Giles created the system to encompass a range of dialects. For the French-led post office, an additional advantage of the system was that it allowed "the romanization of non-English speaking people to be met as far as possible," as Piry put it. That is to say, Piry considered

2193-539: The teaching of Literary Chinese . Yuan died in 1916 and the Ministry of Education published a pronunciation standard now known as Old National Pronunciation for Guoyu in 1918. The post office reverted to Wade's system in 1920 and 1921. It was the era of the May Fourth Movement , when language reform was the rage. The post office adopted a dictionary by William Edward Soothill as a reference. The Soothill-Wade system

2244-640: Was also responsible for changing Pofu's name to the present-day Hongze Lake out of his delight at rainfall there, encountered after an inspection tour through drought-afflicted areas. During the Song , Kaifeng 's governor Du Chong ( 杜 充 , Dù Chōng , d.   1141) breached the levees holding back the Yellow River in 1128 as part of the ongoing wars with the Jurchen Jin further north. A series of massive floods, manmade and natural, then caused it to capture

2295-586: Was divided between Huaiyin County, Huai'an County in Yancheng District, and Baoyin County in Yangzhou District. On December 18 of the same year, the urban area of Huaiyin was separately organized as Qingjiang City, which became the seat for the district. Huaiyin District joined Jiangsu upon its reestablishment in January 1953. Xin'an County was renamed Xinyi and the seat of Pisui County was moved to Yunhe. Later

2346-479: Was dropped. For new transliterations, local pronunciation would be followed in Guangdong as well as in parts of Guangxi and Fujian . In other areas, a system called Nanking syllabary would be used. Nanking syllabary is one of several transliteration systems presented by Giles to represent various local dialects. Nanjing had once been the capital and its dialect was, like that of Beijing, a pronunciation standard. But

2397-636: Was part of the Imperial Maritime Customs Service , led by Irishman Robert Hart . By 1882, the Customs Post had offices in twelve Treaty Ports : Shanghai , Amoy , Chefoo , Chinkiang , Chungking , Foochow , Hankow , Ichang , Kewkiang , Nanking , Weihaiwei , and Wuhu . Local offices had postmarking equipment so mail was marked with a romanized form of the city's name. In addition, there were companies that provided local postal service in each of these cities. A Chinese-English Dictionary by Herbert Giles, published in 1892, popularized

2448-566: Was previously romanized as Huai-an in Wade-Giles . For much of the 20th century, Huai'an was officially known as Huaiyin in pinyin, Huai-yin in Wade-Giles, and Hwaiyin in Postal Map , all romanizing the Chinese name written 淮陰 in traditional characters and 淮阴 in simplified ones , meaning "area on the yin , shady, or south bank of the Huai". Huai'an lies on the Huai River in

2499-589: Was the standard method of transliteration at this time. The post office published a draft romanization map in 1903. Disappointed with the Wade-based map, Hart issued another directive in 1905. This one told postmasters to submit romanizations "not as directed by Wade, but according to accepted or usual local spellings." Local missionaries could be consulted, Hart suggested. However, Wade's system did reflect pronunciation in Mandarin-speaking areas. Théophile Piry,

2550-490: Was transferred back from the Luhe Region. Luhe also yielded Jinhu County. In 1975, Huaiyin County's administration moved from Qingjiang to Wangyin. In 1983, the Huaiyin Region became the directly administered Huaiyin City, with its urban core losing the separate name Qingjiang and being instead divided into Qinghe and Qingpu Districts . Most of the Huaiyin Region's counties—Guannan, Huai'an, Huaiyin, Hongze, Jinhu, Lianshui, Shuyang, Sihong, Siyang, Suqian, Xuyi—were placed under

2601-428: Was used for newly created offices. Existing post offices retained their romanizations. Critics described the Ministry's standard, now called Old National Pronunciation , as a mishmash of dialects, bookish, and reminiscent of previous dynasties. While drawing phonetic features from Beijing dialect, many phonological features of Southern Mandarin had been retained. In December 1921, Henri Picard-Destelan , co-director of

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