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28-514: Horní Beřkovice lies approximately 26 kilometres (16 mi) south-east of Litoměřice , 40 km (25 mi) south-east of Ústí nad Labem , and 31 km (19 mi) north of Prague . The municipality contains a psychiatric hospital and a firing range for the police. This Ústí nad Labem Region location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Litom%C4%9B%C5%99ice Litoměřice ( Czech pronunciation: [ˈlɪtomɲɛr̝ɪtsɛ] ; German : Leitmeritz )

56-477: A deep history of Paleolithic cultures as well as large Celtic settlements of the La Tène culture , which did not survive the incoming Germanic attacks. The area was later settled by Germanic tribes, when Litoměřice first appeared on Ptolemy's world map in the 2nd century under the name of Nomisterium. The Germanic tribes later migrated west and those remaining mingled with the incoming Slavs. The earliest evidence of

84-577: A lookout tower in the shape of chalice), Dům u černého orla ("Black Eagle House"; one of the most significant Renaissance houses), and Museum of Crystal Touch. There are several valuable sacral buildings in Litoměřice. On the main square, there is the All Saints Church. Its existence was firstly mentioned in 1235. Originally it belonged to the town fortification. It has a 54 metres (177 ft) high bell tower. The Baroque Saint Stephen's Cathedral at

112-407: Is a massive Baroque church built by Giulio and Octavio Broggio in 1701–1731. There are numerous cellars connected by an extensive web of underground ways under the town. In some places, the cellars were built in three floors. The ways are about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) long and they belong to the longest of their kind in the county. Only 336 metres (1,102 feet) of these underground ways are open to

140-650: Is a town in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic . It has about 23,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument reservation . The town is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Litoměřice . Litoměřice is made up of four town parts: Litoměřice-Město, Pokratice, Předměstí and Za nemocnicí. Litoměřice is located about 15 kilometres (9 mi) south of Ústí nad Labem and 51 km (32 mi) northwest of Prague . The northwestern half of

168-561: Is the oldest written evidence of the existence of the town. A royal-town statute was granted in 1219 by King Ottokar I of Bohemia . At the beginning of the 13th century, Litoměřice was an important political, cultural and economic centre. The population suffered during the 15th century Hussite Wars . After the Protestant tensions with the Catholics that triggered the Thirty Years' War and

196-554: The Beneš decrees in August 1945, along with about 2.5 million other former Czechoslovak citizens of German ethnicity from the country. There are no large industrial enterprises located in Litoměřice. The largest employer is the hospital. Litoměřice is known for viticulture and wine-making. It is the centre of the Litoměřická wine sub-region. The existence of vineyards is already documented in

224-737: The Oder , Opava and Olza (which forms part of the natural border with Poland). In the Middle Ages , Silesia formed part of Piast -ruled Poland, and in the 14th century it gradually passed to the Kingdom of Bohemia . Modern-day Czech Silesia derives primarily from a small part of Silesia that remained within the Bohemian Crown and the Habsburg monarchy at the end of the First Silesian War in 1742, when

252-510: The Roman Catholic Diocese of Litoměřice (part of Archdiocese of Prague ), the 4th oldest (and 3rd still existing) Catholic diocese on present Czech territory. Litoměřice is known for the annual event Zahrada Čech ("Garden of Bohemia "). It is an extensive horticultural trade fair , attended by tens of thousands of people. North Bohemian Gallery of Fine Arts is based close the main square. Extensive collection spans from 13th century to contemporary art with numerous other exhibitions during

280-781: The Treaty of Versailles in 1920. Following the Munich Agreement of 1938, most of Czech Silesia became part of the Reichsgau Sudetenland and Poland occupied the Trans-Olza area on the west bank of the Olza (the Polish gains being lost when Nazi Germany occupied Poland the following year). In 1939–1940, during the anti-Polish Intelligenzaktion campaign, many Polish activists, priests, officials, teachers and school principals were deported by

308-577: The Dómské Square was built in place of an older Romanesque basilica in the years 1664–1668. It has a 50 metres (160 ft) high tower open to the public. The interior is almost completely authentic with main and six side altars and a lot of original paintings. Right next to the dome is a bishop's residence built in 1683–1701 by Giulio Broggio. There is also the Jesuit Church of the Annunciation. It

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336-810: The German occupiers to concentration camps and then murdered there. The Germans operated multiple forced labour camps in the region, including several Polenlager camps for Poles, multiple subcamps of the Stalag VIII-B/344 prisoner-of-war camp for Allied POWs, and subcamps of the Auschwitz concentration camp in Bruntál and Světlá Hora for mostly Jewish women. The occupiers also established several POW camps, including Oflag VIII-E , Oflag VIII-G, Heilag VIII-G and Stalag VIII-D , for Polish, French , Belgian, British, Serbian, Dutch and other Allied POWs. With

364-560: The Protectorate or were deported during the Holocaust in the Sudetenland . From March 1944 to May 1945, Leitmeritz concentration camp was located west of the town. 18,000 prisoners passed through the camp and were forced to work mostly on excavating underground factories (Richard I and II) under Radobýl . 4,500 died. In the final stages of World War II, German troops retreated to escape

392-627: The Protestants' defeat in the Battle of White Mountain , the surviving population of the town was forced to accept Catholicism or face property confiscation and the obligation to leave the kingdom. In this way, the town became a Catholic bishop's residency in 1655. As a result, the Czech Protestant population shrank and the town became largely germanized . In the 18th century, many Baroque building, which are today cultural monuments, were built. However

420-627: The Slavic settlement comes from the 8th century. In the 9th and 10th century, Litoměřice fell under the control of the Přemyslid dynasty. Přemyslids built here an early medieval fortress, one of the most important Přemyslid centres in Czech lands. The area was settled by the Czech tribe of Litoměřici , after which the town was named. In 1057, the Litomeřice Chapter was founded by Duke Spytihněv II , and it

448-406: The advancing Red Army . The Czech resistance took control of the castle on 27 April 1945, and after a few days they started negotiations with the German commander about the terms of his surrender. The Wehrmacht capitulated in the night after 8 May, but German troops fled on 9 May, just before Soviet troops entered the town on 10 May 1945. Most of the German population of the town was expelled by

476-619: The exception of the areas around Cieszyn , Ostrava , and Hlučín , Czech Silesia was predominantly settled by German-speaking populations up until 1945. Following the World War II , Czech Silesia and Hlučín Region were returned to Czechoslovakia and the ethnic Germans were expelled in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . The border with Poland was once again set along the Olza (although not confirmed by treaty until 1958). The population mainly speaks Czech with altered vowels. Some of

504-408: The first written mention of Litoměřice from 1057. The I/15 road from Most to Česká Lípa passes through the town. Litoměřice is served by three train stations. The station Litoměřice město is located on the Ústí nad Labem – Kolín line. The stations Litoměřice horní nádraží and Litoměřice Cihelna are located on the lines Most–Litoměřice and Česká Lípa– Postoloprty . The town is the seat of

532-484: The informal name of the Sudetenland , the region became the subject of political controversy in the following years. Czechs settled there again, but remained a minority. In 1938, after the Munich Agreement , German troops occupied the Sudetenland (and all the rest of Czech lands a few months later). The Czech population, which had grown to about 5,000 people, had to leave again. Jews from Litoměřice were forced to flee to

560-633: The most important cities are Opava and Český Těšín . Historically Český Těšín is the western part of the city of Cieszyn , which nowadays lies in Poland. About two thirds of the territory is situated in the Eastern Sudetes . The rest of the territory extends into the Ostrava Basin , Moravian Gate , Moravian-Silesian Foothills and into the western section of the Western Beskids . Its major rivers are

588-708: The municipal territory lies in the Central Bohemian Uplands , the southeastern half lies in the Lower Ohře Table , on the edge of the Polabí lowlands. The highest point, located in the northern tip of the territory, is at 480 m (1,570 ft) above sea level. The town is situated on the right (northern) bank of the Elbe River, at its confluence with the Ohře , which flows from the south. The settlement of Litoměřice has

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616-669: The prosperity of the town suffered from the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War . In 1918, Bohemia, Moravia and Czech Silesia became constituent parts of the newly created Czechoslovakia ), along with a large border area inhabited predominantly by Sudeten Germans . Local Germans tried to join German Austria (which in turn aimed to join post-war Weimar Republic ), but Czechoslovak troops prevented this. Known under

644-402: The public. Litoměřice is twinned with: Czech Silesia Czech Silesia ( Czech : České Slezsko ; Silesian : Czeski Ślōnsk ; Lower Silesian : Tschechisch-Schläsing ; German : Tschechisch-Schlesien ; Polish : Śląsk Czeski ) is the part of the historical region of Silesia now in the Czech Republic . Czech Silesia is, together with Bohemia and Moravia , one of

672-737: The rest of Silesia was ceded to Prussia . It was re-organised as the Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia , with its capital at Opava ( German : Troppau , Polish : Opawa ). In 1900, the Duchy occupied an area of 5,140 km and had a population of 670,000. In 1918, the former Duchy formed part of the newly created state of Czechoslovakia , except for Cieszyn Silesia , which was split between Czechoslovakia and Poland in 1920, Czechoslovakia gaining its western portion. Hlučín Region ( Czech : Hlučínsko , German : Hultschiner Ländchen ), formerly part of Prussian Silesia , also became part of Czechoslovakia under

700-541: The south, Poland (Polish Silesia) in the north (in the northwest the County of Kladsko , until 1742/48 an integral part of Bohemia ) and Slovakia in the southeast. With the city of Ostrava roughly in its geographic centre, the area comprises much of the modern region of Moravian-Silesia (save for its southern edges) and, in its far west, a small part of the Olomouc Region in the area of Jeseník District . After Ostrava,

728-704: The three historical Czech lands . Silesia lies in the north-east of the Czech Republic, predominantly in the Moravian-Silesian Region , with a section in the northern Olomouc Region . It is almost identical in extent with Austrian Silesia (also known as the Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia), before 1918; between 1938 and 1945, part of the area was also known as Sudeten Silesia (German: Sudetenschlesien ; Czech: Sudetské Slezsko ; Silesian: Sudecki Ślōnsk ; Lower Silesian: Sudetaschläsing ; Polish: Śląsk Sudecki ). Czech Silesia borders Moravia in

756-524: The year. On the Mírové Square there is also the Gallery and Museum of Litoměřice diocese . Since 1978, the historic centre of Litoměřice has been an urban monument reservation . The protected territory is delimited by remains of town walls. About 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) of town walls is preserved to this day. Originally they had four town gates, none of them is preserved. Part of the town fortifications

784-481: Was Litoměřice Castle. Today it contains an exposition of Czech viticulture . Its core form Mírové Square, a large square with an area of about 2 hectares. Most of the houses on the square are in the Gothic style. The Old Town Hall building on the square is the oldest Renaissance building in the town. Today, the building serves as a regional museum. Other sights on the square include the "Chalice house" (new town hall with

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