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Holloway Road

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95-757: Holloway Road is a road in London, 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) in length. It is one of the main shopping streets in North London, and carries the A1 road as it passes through Holloway , in the London Borough of Islington . The road starts in Archway , near Archway Underground station , then heads south-east, past Upper Holloway railway station , Whittington Park , past the North London campus of London Metropolitan University near Nag's Head , past Holloway Road Underground station , and

190-450: A 1.9-mile (3 km) section from Spott Wood to Oswald Dean in 1999, 1.2-mile (2 km) sections from Bowerhouse to Spott Road and from Howburn to Houndwood in 2002–2003 and the 8.5-mile (13.7 km) "A1 Expressway", from Haddington and Dunbar in 2004. The total cost of these works was £50 million. Plans to dual the single carriageway section of road north of Newcastle upon Tyne were shelved in 2006 as they were not considered

285-738: A Nobody . The architecture is typical for buildings on this stretch of the road. Former pirate radio station Kiss FM would base their studios and offices at 80 Holloway Road when they first launched as a legal radio station. 51°33′13.87″N 0°6′49.95″W  /  51.5538528°N 0.1138750°W  / 51.5538528; -0.1138750 A1 road (Great Britain) [REDACTED] M25 [REDACTED] A14 [REDACTED] A47 [REDACTED] M18 [REDACTED] M62 [REDACTED] M1 [REDACTED] A64 [REDACTED] A168 [REDACTED] A66 [REDACTED] A66(M) [REDACTED] A194(M) [REDACTED] A69 [REDACTED] A19 The A1 , also known as

380-665: A continuous motorway-standard road between Darrington (south of M62 junction) and Washington , and given the North East and North Yorkshire full motorway access to London (via the M1 at Darrington and Hook Moor). Councils in the north east have called for the section from Hook Moor in Yorkshire (where the M1 link road joins the A1(M)) to Washington to be renumbered as the M1. They maintain that this would raise

475-505: A cost of £67 million. However, the Highways Agency was unwilling to confirm the information as the study was preliminary and intended for future publication. In 2008 the proposal was submitted for consideration in the pre-2013/14 Regional Funding Advice 2 Programme of the East of England Development Agency . It was also announced in 2014 that new technology would be implemented to bring

570-540: A curve across north London. Only Richmond and Kew Gardens stations at the western end are south of the River Thames . The river crossing is made by Kew Railway Bridge on tracks which are shared with the London Underground District line. The location of the eastern extremity has varied over the years. Between 1944 and 1986, it was at Broad Street station; then it was switched to North Woolwich . Later, it

665-403: A day at roughly two-hourly intervals. The service called only at principal stations such as Staines , Feltham and Brentford . On the North London line, the trains called only at Stratford , Highbury & Islington , Camden Road (some services), West Hampstead and Willesden Junction. The service was withdrawn in 2002. The AC electrification of the eastern part of the North London line uses

760-458: A decision about a Development Consent Order signing off on National Highways' plans until December 2022. Measures were also announced to enhance the performance and safety of the A1 north of Ellingham to include three sections of climbing lanes, five junctions with improved right turn refuges, and better crossing facilities for pedestrians and cyclists. Start of construction is scheduled for 2018. It

855-424: A lack of trains timetabled to serve Liverpool Street to match the needs of rush-hour passengers, this inevitably led to falling patronage. British Rail applied to close the service in 1990, and the last trains ran two years later. In 2000, Anglia Railways started a service between Basingstoke and Ipswich , utilising parts of the North London line. The service was called London Crosslink and ran up to five times

950-409: A new corridor to the North East, and reducing congestion on the M1 around Sheffield and Leeds . This is the only missing link of motorway on the strategic M1 / M18 / A1(M) route London to Washington. The same announcement said that the road from Scotswood to North Brunton would be widened to three lanes each way, with four lanes each way between some junctions. The announcement then said that

1045-530: A number of incarnations, following routes through, to the east and to the west of both Gateshead and Newcastle. See A1 (Newcastle upon Tyne) for more information. The A14 Ellington to Fen Ditton scheme, also known as the Huntingdon Bypass required a redesigned interchange at Brampton . As a result the A1 was widened to a D3 standard from the current end of the A1(M) to the slip roads connecting directly onto

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1140-407: A poor and unreliable service with extremely congested trains which were often cancelled shortly before they were due to arrive. A 2006 London Assembly report described the current service as "shabby, unreliable, unsafe and overcrowded", proposing the transfer of the service to Transport for London (TfL) as a solution to improve the quality of the service due to upgrade plans which coincided with

1235-452: A project aimed at combating overcrowding on the line. The project was successfully completed and the first five-car trains started to run in summer 2015. In July 2023, TFL announced that it would be giving each of the six Overground services unique names by the end of 2024. In February 2024, it was confirmed that the North London / West London section would be named the Mildmay line (to honour

1330-780: A reduced service for another year to allow platform extensions and signalling upgrades. In November, 2024 the North London and West London section of the London Overground were named the Mildmay line (to honour the Mildmay Mission Hospital which treated victims of the HIV/AIDS crisis in the 1980s) and are coloured light blue on the Tube map . The North London line between Richmond and North Woolwich derived from five connecting sections which were opened over 25 years from 1846: The line from Broad Street to Kew Bridge and Richmond

1425-457: A regional priority by central government. The intention was to dual the road between Morpeth and Felton and between Adderstone and Belford . In 1999 a section of A1(M) between Bramham and Hook Moor opened to traffic along with the extension of the M1 from Leeds . Under a DBFO contract, sections from Wetherby to Walshford and Darrington to Hook Moor were opened in 2005 and 2006. Between September 2006 and October 2009 six roundabouts on

1520-643: A scheme was announced to dual the A428 from the A1/ A421 Black Cat roundabout to Cambourne. This would include significant works to the A1/A421 Black Cat roundabout. The existing traffic signal controlled roundabout would be replaced with a grade-separated junction. The new Grade Separated Junction would allow the A1 and A421 traffic to pass over each other, with a middle level roundabout connecting them together including links to local roads. Many direct accesses on

1615-593: A very large number of other railway lines, especially lines radiating from central London. This does provide opportunities to move between different sectors of suburban London without having to enter the central zone. Trains run seven days a week, from approximately 06:00 (09:00 Sundays) until 23:30. There are eight trains per hour between Stratford and Willesden Junction, four of which continue to Clapham Junction and four to Richmond. The introduction of new four-car, air-conditioned trains, combined with improved signalling and passenger information, has dramatically overhauled

1710-642: Is 14 miles (23 km), and opened in 1998. The Doncaster By-pass opened in 1961 and is one of the oldest sections of motorway in Britain. It is 15 miles (24 km) long, and runs from Blyth to Carcroft . The Darrington to Gateshead section was constructed between 1965 and 2018. It is 93 miles (150 km), and opened in sections: Download coordinates as: A5109 – Edgware A5109 – Edgware (M4) , (M40) , (M23) , (M20) , Heathrow , Gatwick , Stansted A1081 – Barnet South Mimms Services North London line The North London line (NLL)

1805-553: Is a railway line which passes through the inner suburbs of London , England between Richmond in the south-west and Stratford in the east, avoiding central London . Its route is a rough semicircle. Although much of it originated as part of the North London Railway , the current route is the result of a series of amalgamations, closures and reopenings, and has a mix of third-rail and overhead electrical power supply . It remains heavily used by freight services in addition to

1900-541: Is a trunk road with alternating sections of dual and single carriageway. The table below summarises the road as motorway and non-motorway sections. Most of the non-motorway sections do not have junction numbers, with the exception of the Newcastle Western Bypass which continues the junction numbering of the A1(M). A 13-mile (21 km) section of the road in North Yorkshire , from Walshford to Dishforth ,

1995-622: Is largely duplicated by the DLR King George V branch. Instead, the section became part of the Elizabeth line 's branch to Abbey Wood , which opened in May 2022. The section south of Stratford had always been the 'Cinderella' end of the line, in that when there were operating problems it was common for trains to be turned short at Stratford. Despite favourable performance figures, the North London line used to be regarded by frequent travellers as offering

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2090-450: Is proposed for interchange with the Central line, but it might require the Central line station being moved to the east. The planned link between the proposed High Speed 2 line and the existing High Speed 1 line would have used the North London line alignment around Camden Road station, which might have reduced the existing or future capacity of the line. Its heavy investment in the line and

2185-696: Is the Southern Quadrant Link Road (SQLR), which will complete the relief road and is expected to be completed in 2025. The A1 between Junctions 65 (Birtley) & 67 (Coal House) on the Newcastle Bypass is currently being widened to a D4 cross section from the existing D2 cross section, this includes replacing the existing bridge over the East Coast Main Line. Works started in December 2021 and are due to be completed in 2025 In December 2014

2280-411: Is the oldest stretch of two-lane motorway still in service, would be upgraded to dual three lanes. This will relieve local congestion and provide the capacity needed to make the A1 an alternative (and better) strategic route to the north east. In 2003 a proposal for a bypass of Sandy and Beeston , Bedfordshire , was put forward as a green-lighted scheme as part of a government multi-modal study, with

2375-551: Is the site of Highbury & Islington station, one of London's most important transport interchanges. The Victoria line , Northern City Line , and the London Overground North London line converge at this location. It is also the northern terminus of the London Overground East London line . The station building was badly damaged by a V-1 flying bomb in 1944 and never rebuilt. The remainder of

2470-447: The A14 . South of the new Interchange the A1 was realigned but kept as a 2 lane dual carriageway. This scheme was meant to result in the A1 becoming the A1(M) along the upgraded sections, however the legal proceedings for this didn't take place, and instead features a large amount of restrictions, similar to a motorway. This scheme was opened in December 2019. The new junction is now complete on

2565-570: The Emirates Stadium , trains do not stop here on match days due to concerns about overcrowding. Upper Holloway station was built in 1868 as part of the Tottenham & Hampstead Junction Railway . It is served by trains on the Gospel Oak to Barking line , which now forms part of the London Overground network. Archway station is not actually situated on Holloway Road, but approximately 10 m off

2660-655: The Great Britain road numbering scheme . The earliest documented northern routes are the roads created by the Romans during the period from AD 43 to AD 410, which consisted of several itinera (plural of iter ) recorded in the Antonine Itinerary . A combination of these were used by the Anglo-Saxons as the route from London to York, and together became known as Ermine Street . Ermine Street later became known as

2755-543: The Great North Road , is the longest numbered road in the United Kingdom , at 410 miles (660 km). It connects London , the capital of England, with Edinburgh , the capital of Scotland. The numbering system for A-roads, devised in the early 1920s, was based around patterns of roads radiating from two hubs at London and Edinburgh. The first number in the system, A1, was given to the most important part of that system:

2850-670: The Mildmay Hospital in Bethnal Green , which treated victims of the HIV/AIDS crisis in the 1980s) and would be coloured sky blue on the updated network map. Maiden Lane station may be reopened by Camden Council; however, the Office of Rail Regulation has not included this in the current plans. Hounslow council has proposed that part of the North London line be used as a branch of Crossrail to Hounslow , which would see Crossrail services serving Acton Central and South Acton . It

2945-609: The Watford DC line . Most of these were routed via the line between South Hampstead and Camden Road, calling at Primrose Hill although some travelled via Hampstead Heath and joined the DC line at Willesden Junction . Prior to electrification in the 1960s, other services ran as far as Tring on the West Coast Main Line via Primrose Hill and Willesden Junction Main Line (now demolished). By

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3040-414: The pilgrimage route to Walsingham . No documentary evidence can be found to support either derivation. The earliest record giving the name of the road as The Holloway dates from 1307. The main stretch of Holloway Road runs through the site of the villages of Tollington and Stroud. The exact time of their founding is not known, but the earliest record of them dates from 1000. The names ceased to be used by

3135-514: The A1 and the A1(M) to Alconbury were replaced with grade-separated junctions. These provide a fully grade-separated route between the Buckden roundabout (just north of St Neots and approximately 8 miles (13 km) north of the Black Cat roundabout ) and just north of Morpeth . This project cost £96 million. Upgrading the 6.2 miles (10 km) of road to dual three-lane motorway standard between

3230-803: The A1 runs on modern bypasses around Stamford , Grantham , Newark-on-Trent , Retford , Bawtry , Doncaster , Knottingley , Garforth , Wetherby , Knaresborough , Boroughbridge , Scotch Corner , Darlington , Newton Aycliffe , Durham and Chester-le-Street , past the Angel of the North sculpture and the Metrocentre in Gateshead , through the western suburbs of Newcastle upon Tyne , Morpeth , Alnwick , Berwick-upon-Tweed , into Scotland at Marshall Meadows , past Haddington and Musselburgh before arriving in Edinburgh at

3325-462: The A1 south of Grantham, Highways England constructed 4 new slip roads to connect the A1 Trunk Road to the new Grantham Southern Relief Road (A52) being constructed by Lincolnshire County Council. This will create a southern entry to Grantham and also to the site known as the 'King 31 Development'. The Grade Separated Junction on the A1 was opened to traffic in December 2022. The on-going phase three

3420-561: The A1 would be stopped up and diverted onto new local access roads. The scheme started construction in late 2023, the works currently underway along the A1. When completed this will remove one of the last 5 roundabouts on the A1 from Sterling corner to the Berwick bypass. In the "Road investment strategy" announced to Parliament by the Department for Transport and Secretary of State for Transport on 1 December 2014, planning will begin to upgrade

3515-515: The Bramham/ A64 junction to north of Wetherby to meet the section of motorway at a cost of £70 million began in 2006, including a road alongside for non-motorway traffic. The scheme's public inquiry began on 18 October 2006 and the project was designed by James Poyner. Work began in May 2007, the motorway section opened in July 2009 and remaining work on side roads was still ongoing in late August and

3610-596: The Broad Street branch was at one time formed of quadruple track. During the February–May 2010 blockade, the Caledonian Road & Barnsbury , Highbury & Islington and Canonbury stations were rebuilt to allow the extended East London line to serve Highbury & Islington on fully segregated tracks on the south side of the cutting. Under the reinstated four-track arrangement, the North London line runs parallel to

3705-632: The East End of Princes Street near Waverley Station , at the junction of the A7 , A8 and A900 roads. Scotch Corner , in North Yorkshire, marks the point where before the M6 was built, the traffic for Glasgow and the west of Scotland diverged from that for Edinburgh. As well as a hotel there have been a variety of sites for the transport café, now subsumed as a motorway services. There are five roundabouts north of

3800-568: The Great North Road at Highbury Corner. While the route of the A1 outside London mainly follows the Great North Road route used by mail coaches between London and Edinburgh, within London the coaching route is only followed through Islington. The Ferryhill Cut was opened in 1923. A number of bypasses were built from 1926 onwards, including around Barnet and Hatfield in 1927, but it was not until c.  1954 that they were renumbered A1. The Chester-le-Street bypass, opened in 1931,

3895-748: The Lobley Hill and Gateshead Quay junctions. The same Road investment strategy announcement said that the remaining section of road between Birtley and Coal House will also be widened to three lanes each way, alongside the replacement of the Allerdene Bridge. A modified scheme commenced in August 2014 and was open to traffic in June 2016. The road is now three lanes each way with lane 3 narrower than lanes 1 and 2 so that all existing bridges remained as originally built. The A1 around Durham, Gateshead and Newcastle has seen

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3990-465: The NLR opened its City Extension, mostly on a viaduct from a triangular junction at Dalston to Broad Street in the city, with these stations: The extension closed on 30 June 1986, but although the track was lifted the viaduct remained in place. The route was re-opened in 2010 as part of the extended East London line , which, like the North London line, is operated by London Overground . On 10 December 2006,

4085-515: The North London line to Broad Street Station; however, with the electrification of the Great Northern Electrics suburban lines in 1976, trains were diverted into Moorgate and London King's Cross stations, so since then this link has only been used for freight trains. It too was singled concurrent with the AC electrification of the eastern part of the North London line. Most of the line runs in

4180-475: The Old North Road. Part of this route in London is followed by the current A10 . By the 12th century, because of flooding and damage by traffic, an alternative route out of London was found through Muswell Hill , and became part of the Great North Road . A turnpike road, New North Road and Canonbury Road ( A1200 road ), was constructed in 1812 linking the start of the Old North Road around Shoreditch with

4275-668: The Polytechnic of North London and University of North London), and includes the Orion Building, designed by Daniel Libeskind , which can be seen along the central stretch of Holloway Road, and of the headquarters of the National Union of Students and the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament . Most of the shops are clustered in the Nag's Head area, near the junction with Seven Sisters Road . North of

4370-557: The Seven Sisters Road is the Nambucca pub and music venue, which burned down in 2008 and reopened two years later. The northern point of Holloway Road is the complex interchange at Archway , where the A1 leaves the historic route of the Great North Road. The traditional Great North Road heads northwest up Highgate Hill (now the B519) before turning north at North Road, Highgate to cross

4465-689: The Southern Region at Eastleigh (using underframes built at Ashford) from 1957 which were later designated by British Railways as Class 501 . These were succeeded by Southern Region Class 416 EMU for a short period, these units being allocated to Selhurst depot in south London. Class 416 trains were in turn succeeded by Class 313 EMUs , which worked the route until 2010 when London Overground introduced Class 378 Capitalstar four-car dual-voltage electric trains compatible with both 750 V DC third-rail and 25 kV AC overhead power sources, and all of these units were by 2017 operating in 5-car formations to address

4560-602: The Sterling corner junction: Biggleswade south, Biggleswade north, Sandy A603, Black Cat A428/A4211, lastly Buckden, after which there are no more roundabouts for 276 mi (444 km) until the Berwick A1167. The Black Cat roundabout is due to be removed in 2025. Most of the English section of the A1 is a series of alternating sections of primary route, dual carriageway and motorway. From Newcastle upon Tyne to Edinburgh it

4655-593: The additional demand on the route. In 1986, Broad Street station closed and the Tottenham Hale–Stratford link and the station at Lea Bridge ceased to be used by regular passenger trains. The line between Dalston and North Woolwich was electrified on the third-rail system and Broad Street services were diverted to North Woolwich using former Southern Region 2-EPB types built in the 1950s. The two-car trains soon proved too small and were replaced by three-car Class 313 electric multiple units. The new service

4750-506: The adjacent Underground station. The part of the line between the West London and East Coast Main Lines was proposed in the mid-1990s to be used for Regional Eurostar services, which would travel from the lines into Waterloo International station to points north of London. A proposed link to Heathrow Airport would have also used the line between Willesden Junction and Acton. Regional Eurostar

4845-514: The building was demolished in 1966 in preparation for the construction of the Victoria line; the only surface building is a small entrance hall, set back from the main road. Holloway Road station opened with the Piccadilly line in 1906, next door to an existing Great Northern Railway main line station built in 1852. The main line station closed in 1915. Although Holloway Road is the nearest station to

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4940-703: The coach routes, providing accommodation, stabling for the horses and replacement mounts. Few of the surviving coaching inns can be seen while driving on the A1, because the modern route now bypasses the towns with the inns. The A1 runs from New Change in the City of London at St. Paul's Cathedral to the centre of Edinburgh. It shares its London terminus with the A40 , in the City area of Central London . It runs out of London via St. Martin's Le Grand and Aldersgate Street , through Islington (where Goswell Road and Upper Street form part of its route), up Holloway Road , through Highgate , and Barnet . The road enters Hertfordshire just before Potters Bar , near

5035-428: The current A1 route. The A1 heads north along the relatively recently built Archway Road. The construction of the interchange left a few buildings isolated in the centre of the roundabout , including the Archway Tavern , which appears on the cover of The Kinks ' 1971 album Muswell Hillbillies . Holloway Road contains two significant London churches. St Mary Magdalene is situated in St Mary Magdalene Gardens near

5130-453: The double-track East London Line from Dalston Kingsland to Highbury and Islington. The line then becomes quadruple-track at Arundel Square, with passenger services using the inner pair of tracks and freight services using the outer pair, before the line reduces to double track at York Way, near St. Pancras. Originally, the line was electrified in 1914–15 using the fourth rail +420 V / -210 V system, as used by London Underground. This

5225-469: The extension of the East London line . The North London line, as part of Silverlink , along with the West London line , Gospel Oak to Barking line and the Watford DC line , was transferred to Transport for London (TfL) in 2007 to form its new London Overground service. TfL began to remodel stations, integrate lines and, following the transfer and extension of the East London line , created an orbital rail service. TfL also brought in new trains and

5320-489: The final upgrade of the line between Camden Road and Stratford, the need to change traction current systems on this stretch was eliminated, and now the only changeover takes place at Acton Central for the short section to Richmond. The line ran on third rail throughout the 1980s until 1996 when it was closed for conversion to overhead lines. In 2010, the last of the third-rail sections around Camden Road station were completely removed. The line crosses, or comes into contact with,

5415-475: The former Eastern Counties and Thames Junction Railway line between Stratford and North Woolwich was closed to allow building of a Docklands Light Railway line to Stratford International between Stratford and Canning Town . Part of the south end of the closed section is used by the Elizabeth line . NLL stations closed were: DLR and Jubilee line services are not affected at the first three of those stations. The DLR line to Stratford International uses

5510-431: The highly influential 1959 album I Hear a New World , lived and worked at 304 Holloway Road, where, on 3 February, he killed his landlady and them himself with a shotgun. His life is now commemorated by a plaque on the building. Sex Pistols singer John Lydon (Johnny Rotten) claims to have been born and raised in side-street Benwell Road, although no documentary evidence survives of this. The road features heavily as

5605-410: The home of a fictionalised Meek in Jake Arnott 's The Long Firm trilogy. The album Season End by Marillion includes "Holloway Girl", which refers to the imprisonment of Judith Ward in Holloway Prison. A row of Victorian houses, numbers 726–732, opposite Upper Holloway station, stands at the described location of the fictional Brickfield Terrace in George and Weedon Grossmith 's Diary of

5700-516: The junction with the M25 at the South Mimms Services. The route here becomes the A1(M) and subsequently passes through Hatfield , Welwyn , Stevenage , Baldock . But it once again becomes a dual carriageway from Baldock Junction 10 through Biggleswade , Sandy, several small villages to Buckden then on to Alconbury Junction 14. Junctions 11, 12 and 13 are still to be planned/built. Several groups along this non motorway stretch are actively campaigning for an upgrade to modern standards. Continuing north,

5795-419: The late 17th century, but are still preserved in the local place names "Tollington Park" and "Stroud Green"; since that time, the area has been known as Holloway. Holloway Road is one of north London's shopping streets, containing major stores as well as numerous smaller shops. Holloway Road is the site of the main campus of the much-renamed London Metropolitan University (formerly Northern Polytechnic Institute,

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5890-406: The late 1960s when services were reduced to three-carriage trains only. The line reopened on 1 June 2010 with a reduced service and none on Sundays, and with the upgrade work completed, the full seven-day service resumed on 22 May 2011. In addition to the primary Broad Street - Richmond service, there were services that linked Broad Street with Harrow & Wealdstone and Watford Junction on

5985-416: The lines, which previously appeared on tube maps following a public campaign, gained their own colour. TfL closed the line in February 2010 between Gospel Oak and Stratford for the installation of a new signalling system and the rebuilding or extension of platforms to allow four-car trains to run on the line; most NLL platforms had been reduced in usable length (where they had not been originally short) in

6080-426: The main Mildmay line service on the London Overground . Between Richmond and Gunnersbury , London Underground 's District line shares tracks with London Overground services; the entire route is owned and maintained by Network Rail . TfL took over the line in 2007 and introduced new stock as well as putting the line on the Tube map. It closed for four months in 2010 between Gospel Oak and Stratford and had

6175-413: The main campus of the university, and then becomes Highbury Corner , near Highbury & Islington station . The origins of the name are disputed; some believe that it derives from " hollow " due to the dip in the road from the cattle that made their way along the route to the cattle markets in London, whilst some believe it derives from " hallow " and refers to the road's historic significance as part of

6270-420: The main road on Junction Road, underneath the architecturally striking Archway Tower . Originally known as "Highgate", it was the original northern terminus of the Charing Cross, Euston & Hampstead Railway and until 1940 was the northern terminus of the Northern line . Record producer Joe Meek , responsible amongst other things for Telstar by The Tornados , a massive UK and US no. 1 record in 1962, and

6365-436: The overhead line equipment which had been added to parts of the line for the benefit of freight trains; there had been some unexpected difficulties with earth currents from the third rail system which this overcame. This use was steadily extended, and trains had to make a number of changes between traction current supplies during their short journey; these were at Hackney Wick, Dalston Kingsland, Camden Road and Acton Central. With

6460-423: The passenger growth on it has made Transport for London against the alignment's use as a link between the two High Speed lines. That link has now been removed from the parliamentary bill. A new park utilising the former railway alignment between Camden Town and King's Cross was given planning permission in January 2023. Closed stations apart from those on the closed sections of the line are: On 1 November 1865

6555-409: The previously unelectrified northern pair of tracks, which were also partially singled at the same time. Between Canonbury and Highbury & Islington, there is a line which links to the East Coast Main Line at Finsbury Park . This used to carry passenger trains to and from various main line stations (such as Edgware , Alexandra Palace , High Barnet , Welwyn Garden City and others) over part of

6650-403: The profile of the north-east and be good for business. In his Autumn Statement on 5 December 2012, the Chancellor of the Exchequer announced that the Government would upgrade a section of road from two to three lanes in each direction within the highway boundary at Lobley Hill (between Coal House and the Metro Centre ), Gateshead at a cost of £64 m and create parallel link roads between

6745-489: The road from Morpeth to Ellingham would be upgraded to dual carriageway. The selection of the preferred route was scheduled for the year 2017, with construction due to begin in 2019. In response to questions regarding transport in the north, Highways England stated that a new dual carriageway section between Morpeth and Felton and also that of Alnwick to Ellingham would start in 2021 with full opening in 2023. However in June 2022 UK government minister Grant Shapps delayed

6840-573: The road from London to Edinburgh, joining the two central points of the system and linking the UK's (then) two mainland capital cities. It passes through or near north London , Hatfield , Stevenage , Baldock , Biggleswade , Peterborough , Stamford , Grantham , Newark-on-Trent , Retford , Doncaster , Pontefract , York , Wetherby , Ripon , Darlington , Durham , Gateshead , Newcastle upon Tyne , Morpeth , Alnwick , Berwick-upon-Tweed , Dunbar , Haddington , Musselburgh , and east Edinburgh . It

6935-490: The road in South Yorkshire to raise the last non-motorway section from Red House to Darrington to motorway standard. Once completed, it will provide a continuous motorway-standard road between Blyth, Nottinghamshire and Washington, Tyne and Wear and will provide the North East and Yorkshire with full motorway access to London via the M1 , M62 and M18 . It will also improve safety along this route, as well as creating

7030-562: The road is a dual carriageway , several sections of which have been upgraded to motorway standard and designated A1(M) . Between the M25 (near London) and the A720 (near Edinburgh) the road is part of the unsigned Euroroute E15 from Inverness to Algeciras . The A1 is the latest in a series of routes north from London to York and beyond. It was designated in 1921 by the Ministry of Transport under

7125-489: The road to motorway standards, including detection loops, CCTV cameras and variable message signs to provide better information for drivers and active traffic management across Tyne and Wear , while Junction 6 (Welwyn North) to Junction 8 (Hitchin) would be upgraded to smart motorway, including widening of a two-lane section to dual three lanes and hard shoulder running. This plan to upgrade to smart motorway has now been cancelled. A strategic study will examine how to improve

7220-473: The running rail used for current return. The line is now electrified using that same third rail system from Richmond to Acton Central , but with overhead lines now used from Acton Central to Stratford. The line into Broad Street used third-rail supply and, when the through service to North Woolwich started in 1985, trains used the third rail throughout. When the trains were replaced a few years later by dual-voltage Class 313 trains, it became possible to use

7315-613: The safety and performance of the A1 between Peterborough and the M25 , including whether to upgrade the old dual carriageway section to motorway standard. Some sections of the A1 have been upgraded to motorway standard. These are known as the A1(M) and include: The M25 to Stotfold section is 23 miles (37 km), and was constructed between 1962 and 1986. The main destinations are Hatfield, Welwyn Garden City, Stevenage, and Letchworth. It opened in five stages: junctions 1 to 2 in 1979; 2 to 4 in 1986; 4 to 6 in 1973; 6 to 8 in 1962; and 8 to 10 in 1967. The Alconbury to Peterborough section

7410-462: The service, making it an effective alternative to travelling through central London for many orbital journeys. From March 2011, the extended East London line connects to the NLL, with ELL services joining the line west of Dalston Kingsland , running to Highbury & Islington . Transport for London extended platforms at some stations along the route to prepare the line for five-car operations in 2015,

7505-427: The southern end of the road. Built by William Wickings in 1814, it is one of the best preserved early 19th century churches in London. Charles Barry Jr. 's St John's Church is a leading example of Gothic Revival architecture and dominates the northern end of the road. As one of London's primary transport routes during the 19th century railway boom, Holloway Road contains a number of railway stations. Highbury Corner

7600-701: The time that Broad Street closed in 1986, the Watford services operated only in the rush hours; they were diverted to Liverpool Street by way of a new link in Hackney , known as the Graham Road Curve. Trains were frequently cancelled owing to rolling stock shortages; these circumstances had begun some years earlier with service reductions and scrapping of trains in the late 1960s, followed in later years by closure of depots at Croxley Green and Stonebridge Park preventing stabling of spare stock. Along with what eventually became

7695-560: Was branded by British Rail as the North London Link , and some signs using this name still exist. In December 2006, as with the Poplar branch (see above), the line between Stratford and North Woolwich was permanently closed to make a way for a future DLR extension from Canning Town to Stratford International (opened February 2011). The section south of Canning Town was not used by the DLR, as it

7790-478: Was changed in the 1970s to +630 V / 0 V; the trains (then EMUs of a design unique to this and the DC line ) were modified to the same basic traction supply arrangements as SR 3rd rail EMUs; the centre/negative current rail was removed except where coincident four-rail running was required between Richmond and Gunnersbury for the Underground trains that share this section, the centre rail there being bonded to

7885-474: Was cut back to Stratford . A tunnel, the Hampstead Heath tunnel, runs under Hampstead between Finchley Road & Frognal and Hampstead Heath . The line is double track throughout, with quadruple track between York Way (near St. Pancras) and Arundel Square (near Highbury and Islington). The former North Woolwich branch included a section of single track between Custom House and North Woolwich stations, and

7980-550: Was designated by the Ministry of Transport in 1921, and for much of its route it followed various branches of the historic Great North Road , the main deviation being between Boroughbridge and Darlington . The course of the A1 has changed where towns or villages have been bypassed , and where new alignments have taken a slightly different route. Between the North Circular Road in London and Morpeth in Northumberland,

8075-720: Was electrified by the LNWR in 1916 on the fourth-rail DC system. In 1944, passenger services on the NLR Poplar branch ceased. Freight traffic continued on the branch to the docks on the Isle of Dogs until 1980. The trackbed of the southern part of the branch, from Poplar to Bow, was used for the Docklands Light Railway (DLR) branch to Stratford. The service was listed for closure in the 1963 Beeching Report, with losses claimed as being £69,000 per year (equivalent to £1,236,000 in 2023). It

8170-407: Was eventually cancelled. The line was originally operated by steam-hauled trains which were replaced after electrification by London and North Western Railway EMUs built from 1914 and augmented by later EMUs built in the 1930s by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway. These had all been replaced by the early 1960s with dedicated short-wheelbase trains (shared with the Watford DC line ) built by

8265-546: Was expected to be completed by the end of 2009. Upgrading of the existing dual carriageway to dual three-lane motorway standard, with a local road alongside for non-motorway traffic, between Dishforth (A1(M)/ A168 junction) and Leeming Bar , began in March 2009 and opened to traffic on or about the scheduled date of 31 March 2012. It had originally been proposed that the road would be upgraded to motorway from Dishforth to Barton (between Scotch Corner and Darlington ), which

8360-482: Was extended to Camden Road as the Crosstown Linkline service, using the same Cravens-built diesel multiple unit trains . There were no intermediate stations until, in 1980, Hackney Wick was opened, near the site of the former Victoria Park station and Hackney Central was re-opened; then Homerton re-opened in 1985 (the two latter stations had closed in 1944). New platforms were built at West Ham for interchange with

8455-556: Was finally dropped in 1990. The Hatfield cut-and-cover was opened in 1986. A proposal to upgrade the whole of the A1 to motorway status was investigated by the government in 1989 but was dropped in 1995, along with many other schemes, in response to road protests against other road schemes (including the Newbury Bypass and the M3 extension through Twyford Down ). The inns on the road, many of which still survive, were staging posts on

8550-443: Was not included in the initial Crossrail bill but could form part of a later extension. Under the former government's plans for High Speed 2 line from London Euston to Birmingham , a new station called Old Oak Common was to be built by 2025 serving the North London line, West London line , High Speed 2 and Crossrail . The new government supports the idea after it had been opposed at first. Another new station at North Acton

8645-676: Was saved after a huge campaign. The line was Grant Aided under the Transport Act 1968 and came under threat when the Conservative Government of 1970–71 proposed to reduce Grant Aid funding. That threat, eventually lifted, led to the founding of a new campaign group, the North London Line Committee, which tried to work with British Rail management to promote the service. In 1979, the North Woolwich to Stratford service

8740-421: Was the first bypass to be built as a dual carriageway. In 1960 Stamford , Biggleswade and Doncaster were bypassed, as was Retford in 1961. Baldock , Eaton Socon and Buckden were bypassed in 1967. During the early 1970s plans to widen the A1 along Archway Road in London were abandoned after considerable opposition and four public inquiries during which road protesters disrupted proceedings. The scheme

8835-433: Was the start of current northernmost section of A1(M). In 2010 the section between Leeming and Barton was cancelled as part of government spending cuts but it was reinstated in December 2012. Work began on 3 April 2014 and was expected to be completed by Spring 2017, but only reached completion in March 2018 due in part to significant Roman-era archaeological finds along the route of the motorway. Completion has provided

8930-565: Was then also announced that planning would begin to upgrade the Newark northern bypass to dual carriageway, and the A46 junction with the A1 will be replaced to support nearby housing growth and improve links from the A1 to Newark and Lincoln . The DCO is due to be submitted in early 2024, with construction likely to start in 2026 if approved. It was also announced that the Doncaster By-pass, which

9025-473: Was upgraded to motorway standard in 1995. Neolithic remains and a Roman fort were discovered. A 13-mile (21 km) section of the road from Alconbury to Peterborough was upgraded to motorway standard at a cost of £128 million (£284 million as of 2024), which opened in 1998 requiring moving the memorial to Napoleonic prisoners buried at Norman Cross . A number of sections between Newcastle and Edinburgh were dualled between 1999 and 2004, including

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