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107-626: Holby City Hospital is the fictional hospital within the city in which Casualty and Holby City are set. It is based on the Bristol Royal Infirmary which the original script writers spent time observing in the 1980s in order to garner ideas for Casualty . Although both shows are set in the same hospital, Casualty is primarily filmed in Cardiff , whilst Holby City was filmed in Hertfordshire at BBC Elstree Centre . The indoor shots for

214-421: A chargemaster ; however, these prices may be lower for health care obtained within healthcare networks . Legislation requires hospitals to provide care to patients in life-threatening emergency situations regardless of the patient's ability to pay. Privately funded hospitals which admit uninsured patients in emergency situations incur direct financial losses, such as in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina . As

321-620: A medical records department , release of information department , technical support , clinical engineering , facilities management, plant operations , dining services, and security departments. The COVID-19 pandemic stimulated the development of virtual wards across the British NHS . Patients are managed at home, monitoring their own oxygen levels using an oxygen saturation probe if necessary and supported by telephone. West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust managed around 1200 patients at home between March and June 2020 and planned to continue

428-468: A pharmacy , pathology , and radiology . Hospitals are typically funded by public funding , health organizations ( for-profit or nonprofit), health insurance companies, or charities, including direct charitable donations. Historically, hospitals were often founded and funded by religious orders , or by charitable individuals and leaders. Hospitals are currently staffed by professional physicians, surgeons, nurses, and allied health practitioners . In

535-416: A production line . A teaching hospital delivers healthcare to patients as well as training to prospective medical professionals such as medical students and student nurses . It may be linked to a medical school or nursing school, and may be involved in medical research . Students may also observe clinical work in the hospital. Clinics generally provide only outpatient services, but some may have

642-581: A NHS Foundation Trust in 2016. As of 2002, four main wards have formed the focus of storylines within the hospital. In Casualty , the primary location is the hospital's Emergency Department (formerly referred to as Accident and Emergency ), which has its own adjoining Clinical Decisions Unit , introduced in series 25 . Holby City is set between the hospital's Acute Assessment Unit (ground floor), and Keller (third floor) and Darwin (sixth floor) wards, providing General and Cardiothoracic surgical care respectively. Holby expanded by adding "HolbyCare",

749-401: A few inpatient beds and a limited range of services that may otherwise be found in typical hospitals. A hospital contains one or more wards that house hospital beds for inpatients . It may also have acute services such as an emergency department , operating theatre , and intensive care unit , as well as a range of medical specialty departments. A well-equipped hospital may be classified as

856-481: A few related medical specialties . Subtypes include rehabilitation hospitals , children's hospitals , seniors' ( geriatric ) hospitals, long-term acute care facilities , and hospitals for dealing with specific medical needs such as psychiatric problems (see psychiatric hospital ), cancer treatment , certain disease categories such as cardiac, oncology, or orthopedic problems, and so forth. In Germany , specialised hospitals are called Fachkrankenhaus ; an example

963-604: A hospital bed, but be considered outpatient and "under observation" if not formally admitted. In the U.S., inpatient stays are covered under Medicare Part A, but a hospital might keep a patient under observation which is only covered under Medicare Part B, and subjects the patient to additional coinsurance costs. In 2013, the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) introduced a "two-midnight" rule for inpatient admissions, intended to reduce an increasing number of long-term "observation" stays being used for reimbursement. This rule

1070-449: A hospital just for diagnosis , treatment, or therapy and then leave (" outpatients ") without staying overnight; while others are "admitted" and stay overnight or for several days or weeks or months (" inpatients "). Hospitals are usually distinguished from other types of medical facilities by their ability to admit and care for inpatients whilst the others, which are smaller, are often described as clinics . The best-known type of hospital

1177-692: A hospital; Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia opened in 1752, New York Hospital , now Weill Cornell Medical Center in New York City opened in 1771, and Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston opened in 1811. When the Vienna General Hospital opened in 1784 as the world's largest hospital, physicians acquired a new facility that gradually developed into one of the most important research centers. Another Enlightenment era charitable innovation

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1284-487: A mothballed wing of the hospital, is used to perform a major heart transplant on a small girl by Connie Beauchamp and Harry Harper while the hospital burns. In 2011, Downton and Perry are shown to be psychiatric wards at the hospital. (Series 25, Episode 23 "Place of Safety") Other wards of the hospital to be referenced in the series include Berkley , Clifton , Curie (disused), Florence , Geraint Morris , Hitchcock (psychiatric), Linnaeus , Swift and St Clares as well as

1391-489: A particularly important provider of healthcare to uninsured patients and patients with Medi-Cal (which is California's Medicaid program, serving low-income persons, some senior citizens , persons with disabilities , children in foster care , and pregnant women). In 2012, district hospitals provided $ 54 million in uncompensated care in California. A specialty hospital is primarily and exclusively dedicated to one or

1498-922: A phenomenon known as international healthcare accreditation , by groups such as Accreditation Canada in Canada , the Joint Commission in the U.S., the Trent Accreditation Scheme in Great Britain , and the Haute Autorité de santé (HAS) in France . In England , hospitals are monitored by the Care Quality Commission . In 2020, they turned their attention to hospital food standards after seven patient deaths from listeria linked to pre-packaged sandwiches and salads in 2019, saying "Nutrition and hydration

1605-539: A powerful hour of stand-alone drama." McLean felt that the episode tackled the issue of domestic violence intelligently, and praised "sterling performances" by Macaninch, Lucker, Colley and Drew. The crossover episode in which Holby City 's Jac Naylor is interrogated by the HolbyBlue police officers attracted mixed reviews. Helen Rumbelow of The Times reviewed the episode favourably compared to season premiere episodes of House and Grey's Anatomy which aired on

1712-476: A private healthcare ward led by Michael Spence adjacent to the existing Intensive Care Unit on the fifth floor. Former storylines have also focused around the hospital's Otter ward, providing pediatric care, as well as its maternity ward. Otter ward has not featured in the show since series 4 , whilst the maternity ward ceased usage as a primary location in series 8 . Obs & Gynae, Maternity and pediatrics are quite regularly mentioned. In 2004, Nightingale,

1819-947: A result, Dutch architectural historian Cor Wagenaar has called many hospitals: HolbyBlue HolbyBlue (also known as Holby Blue ) was a British police procedural drama series that ran for two series from 2007 to 2008. The show revolves around the daily lives of a number of police officers working at Holby South police station. The cast for series one included Jimmy Akingbola as PC Neil Parker, Joe Jacobs as PC William "Billy" Jackson, David Sterne as Sergeant Edward 'Mac' McFadden, Cal Macaninch as DI John Keenan , James Hillier as Sergeant Christian Young, Kacey Ainsworth as Inspector Jenny Black, Richard Harrington as DS Luke French, Zöe Lucker as Kate Keenan, Chloe Howman as PC Kelly Cooper, Kieran O'Brien as PC Robert Clifton, Tim Pigott-Smith as DCI Harry Hutchinson, Sara Powell as Rachel Barker and Elaine Glover as PC Lucy Slater. Velibor Topić and Julie Cox joined

1926-462: A significantly greater number of patients. It has 3,000 beds and performs 3,000 paediatric cardiac operations annually, the largest number in the world for such a facility. Surgeons are paid on a fixed salary instead of per operation, thus when the number of procedures increases, the hospital is able to take advantage of economies of scale and reduce its cost per procedure. Each specialist may also become more efficient by working on one procedure like

2033-594: A slight rise in viewership to 3.6 million, The Bill lengthened its lead against HolbyBlue , attaining a 23% audience share, compared to HolbyBlue 's 16%. By episode eight, HolbyBlue had fallen to 3.2 million viewers. It maintained its 16% share, as opposed to The Bill 's increased audience share, to 26%. With its ninth episode, the series fell even further, to 2.9 million viewers, while its audience share again decreased, this time to 14%. Episodes ten and eleven were watched by 2.8 and 2.6 million viewers respectively, with viewership declining to 2.5 million by

2140-499: A thoroughly passive bunch who don't so much solve crime as stand around and wait for crimes to be solved by way of coincidence and happenstance. And Jac's plot is so well signposted that you're left not anticipating its resolution but frustrated that it took so long. Mark Wright of The Stage was a frequent reviewer of HolbyBlue . He found the opening episode "boring", deeming it "a cliché-ridden disaster with some duff casting decisions and bizarrely clunky dialogue". Wright criticised

2247-411: A trauma center. They may also have other services such as a hospital pharmacy , radiology , pathology , and medical laboratories . Some hospitals have outpatient departments such as behavioral health services, dentistry , and rehabilitation services . A hospital may also have a department of nursing , headed by a chief nursing officer or director of nursing . This department is responsible for

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2354-463: Is Fachkrankenhaus Coswig (thoracic surgery). In India, specialty hospitals are known as super-specialty hospitals and are distinguished from multispecialty hospitals which are composed of several specialties. Specialised hospitals can help reduce health care costs compared to general hospitals. For example, Narayana Health 's cardiac unit in Bangalore specialises in cardiac surgery and allows for

2461-449: Is Neculai's informant after catching him leaving Neculai's warehouse, which leads to a hostage situation involving Kate and her children. John and Luke rescue Kate and the children; although they are shot in the process, they both survive. Newly appointed PC Lucy Slater is stabbed while out on duty. She recovers, and begins dating a drug dealer. Her former partner, PC Robert Clifton, learns of Lucy's boyfriend's criminal reputation and forces

2568-401: Is having an affair. PC Neil Parker is offered a promotion, but he is dismayed upon learning it is political as opposed to merit-based. In series two, well-established Holby City character Jac Naylor is arrested on suspicion of the murder of Alan Clooney, a well-known sex offender who tried to rape her. She is later released when a mystery witness comes forward. Luke becomes a father for

2675-411: Is not interested in him, and nothing will develop between them. The BBC announced the creation of HolbyBlue on 27 April 2006. The newly-proposed drama was revealed to be a police spin-off from medical drama Holby City . It was also confirmed that Tony Jordan had been recruited to work on the scripts and consider "how storylines between the police station and the hospital could be intertwined for

2782-493: Is part of a patient's recovery." The World Health Organization reported in 2011 that being admitted to a hospital was far riskier than flying. Globally, the chance of a patient being subject to a treatment error in a hospital was about 10%, and the chance of death resulting from an error was about one in 300. according to Liam Donaldson . 7% of hospitalised patients in developed countries, and 10% in developing countries, acquire at least one health care-associated infection . In

2889-486: Is the fictional police station in which HolbyBlue was based in its two series run. St James is another hospital located on the other side of Holby likely based on Southmead Hospital to the north of Bristol city centre, and although not shown is referred to regularly. Other hospitals located in Holby which were referenced in the past include Queen's, St Luke's, St Francis', St Austin's and St Thomas'. Another fictional Holby

2996-538: Is the general hospital, also known as an acute-care hospital. These facilities handle many kinds of disease and injury, and normally have an emergency department (sometimes known as "accident & emergency") or trauma center to deal with immediate and urgent threats to health. Larger cities may have several hospitals of varying sizes and facilities. Some hospitals, especially in the United States and Canada, have their own ambulance service. A district hospital typically

3103-766: Is the general hospital, which typically has an emergency department to treat urgent health problems ranging from fire and accident victims to a sudden illness. A district hospital typically is the major health care facility in its region, with many beds for intensive care and additional beds for patients who need long-term care. Specialized hospitals include trauma centers , rehabilitation hospitals , children's hospitals , geriatric hospitals, and hospitals for specific medical needs, such as psychiatric hospitals for psychiatric treatment and other disease-specific categories. Specialized hospitals can help reduce health care costs compared to general hospitals. Hospitals are classified as general, specialty, or government depending on

3210-432: Is the major health care facility in its region, with large numbers of beds for intensive care , critical care , and long-term care. In California, "district hospital" refers specifically to a class of healthcare facility created shortly after World War II to address a shortage of hospital beds in many local communities. Even today, district hospitals are the sole public hospitals in 19 of California's counties, and are

3317-611: Is the setting for the Danish TV soap Ugeavisen ("The Weekly Paper"), made by the Danish Broadcasting Corporation ( DR ) and first shown in 52 weekly episodes in 1990-91. DR described this Holby as a "medium-sized provincial town, a good hour's drive from Copenhagen". Hospital A hospital is a healthcare institution providing patient treatment with specialized health science and auxiliary healthcare staff and medical equipment. The best-known type of hospital

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3424-444: Is then employed as a receptionist at the police station, but later attacks Rachel after she is provoked. Kate tenders her resignation, but John manages to convince her to remain at the police station. The pair later reconcile. DS Luke French works with John to take down drugs baron Neculai Stenga. DCI Harry Hutchinson acts as Neculai's informant, but John is convinced that PC Billy Jackson is the informant. John later learns that Harry

3531-566: The Mahavamsa , the ancient chronicle of Sinhalese royalty, written in the sixth century AD, King Pandukabhaya of Sri Lanka (r. 437–367 BC) had lying-in-homes and hospitals (Sivikasotthi-Sala). A hospital and medical training center also existed at Gundeshapur , a major city in southwest of the Sassanid Persian Empire founded in AD 271 by Shapur I . In ancient Greece , temples dedicated to

3638-557: The Latin hospes , signifying a stranger or foreigner, hence a guest. Another noun derived from this, hospitium came to signify hospitality, that is the relation between guest and shelterer, hospitality, friendliness, and hospitable reception. By metonymy , the Latin word then came to mean a guest-chamber, guest's lodging, an inn . Hospes is thus the root for the English words host (where

3745-660: The TV Quick & TV Choice Awards ; actresses Zöe Lucker and Kacey Ainsworth for Best Actress, also at the TV Quick and Inside Soap Awards, and actor Jimmy Akingbola for Best Male Performance in TV at the Screen Nation Awards . In series one, DI John Keenan learns that his estranged wife, Kate Keenan, is dating a new man. John has sex with senior crown prosecutor Rachel Barker, but quickly regrets his decision to have sex with her. Kate

3852-489: The p was dropped for convenience of pronunciation) hospitality , hospice , hostel, and hotel . The latter modern word derives from Latin via the Old French romance word hostel , which developed a silent s , which letter was eventually removed from the word, the loss of which is signified by a circumflex in the modern French word hôtel . The German word Spital shares similar roots. Some patients go to

3959-544: The 1970s and have since expanded rapidly across the United States. The Catholic Church is the largest non-government provider of health careservices in the world. It has around 18,000 clinics, 16,000 homes for the elderly and those with special needs, and 5,500 hospitals, with 65 percent of them located in developing countries. In 2010, the Church's Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Health Care Workers said that

4066-588: The BBC announced that HolbyBlue would be re-commissioned for an extended second series, increasing from eight to twelve episodes − a 50% increase in the number of episodes. The second series was filmed in Surrey in late 2007 for transmission in early 2008. Jordan commented on the BBC's decision to continue the series, stating that the "vote of confidence" provided by the BBC was "a huge boost for both HolbyBlue and Red Planet Pictures". Co-executive producer Karen Wilson added that

4173-471: The BBC announced that, due to declining ratings, HolbyBlue would not be commissioned for a third series. The second series began with an audience of 5.6 million viewers, however ratings fell to 2.5 million viewers by the series finale. Claire Phillips, Red Planet Picture's drama executive, spoke out about the news of the axing, stating that " HolbyBlue set new standards for 8pm dramas, in terms of production values, storytelling and casting." Phillips added that

4280-404: The BBC to develop a new police procedural drama, Jordan explained that he was conflicted between emulating the former BBC police drama Dixon of Dock Green , using "a set of flawless characters roaming the streets dispensing justice and words of wisdom", or creating a more modern drama, developing characters who would "snort a line of coke , beat up the missus on the way out and shag each other in

4387-581: The Church manages 26% of the world's health care facilities. Modern hospitals derive funding from a variety of sources. They may be funded by private payment and health insurance or public expenditure , charitable donations . In the United Kingdom , the National Health Service delivers health care to legal residents funded by the state "free at the point of delivery", and emergency care free to anyone regardless of nationality or status. Due to

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4494-664: The French government sent two scholar administrators, Coulomb and Tenon , who had visited most of the hospitals in Europe. They were impressed and the "pavilion" design was copied in France and throughout Europe. English physician Thomas Percival (1740–1804) wrote a comprehensive system of medical conduct, Medical Ethics; or, a Code of Institutes and Precepts, Adapted to the Professional Conduct of Physicians and Surgeons (1803) that set

4601-524: The Islamic world was built in 805 in Baghdad by Harun Al-Rashid . By the 10th century, Baghdad had five more hospitals, while Damascus had six hospitals by the 15th century, and Córdoba alone had 50 major hospitals, many exclusively for the military, by the end of the 15th century. The Islamic bimaristan served as a center of medical treatment, as well nursing home and lunatic asylum . It typically treated

4708-577: The Roman population, were occasionally privately built in extremely wealthy Roman households located in the countryside for that family, although this practice seems to have ended in 80 AD. The declaration of Christianity as an accepted religion in the Roman Empire drove an expansion of the provision of care. Following the First Council of Nicaea in AD 325 construction of a hospital in every cathedral town

4815-407: The U.S., 1.7 million infections are acquired in hospital each year, leading to 100,000 deaths, figures much worse than in Europe where there were 4.5 million infections and 37,000 deaths. Modern hospital buildings are designed to minimise the effort of medical personnel and the possibility of contamination while maximising the efficiency of the whole system. Travel time for personnel within

4922-449: The administration of professional nursing practice, research , and policy for the hospital. Many units have both a nursing and a medical director that serve as administrators for their respective disciplines within that unit. For example, within an intensive care nursery, a medical director is responsible for physicians and medical care, while the nursing manager is responsible for all the nurses and nursing care. Support units may include

5029-536: The audience by subverting expectation". Filming for HolbyBlue began at the end of January 2007. The Guardian reported that HolbyBlue would air on a Wednesday evening, with editor John Plunkett suggesting that the show could be used to solve the BBC's "long-running ratings black hole on Wednesday nights". However, it was also noted that if HolbyBlue aired on a Wednesday night, it would clash with ITV's long-running police drama, The Bill . In order to avoid disruption and clashes between HolbyBlue and The Bill ,

5136-459: The average length of stay, time to service, patient satisfaction, physician performance, patient readmission rate, inpatient mortality rate, and case mix index . In the United States , the number of hospitalizations grew to its peak in 1981 with 171 admissions per 1,000 Americans and 6,933 hospitals. This trend subsequently reversed, with the rate of hospitalization falling by more than 10% and

5243-404: The birth of specialised medicine. By the late 19th and early 20th centuries, medical advancements such as anesthesia and sterile techniques that could make surgery less risky, and the availability of more advanced diagnostic devices such as X-rays , continued to make hospitals a more attractive option for treatment. Modern hospitals measure various efficiency metrics such as occupancy rates,

5350-406: The cast in a recurring capacity as drug baron Neculai Stenga and Mandy French, Luke French's wife. By the end of series one, Pigott-Smith and Topic both departed the show. Series two saw the introductions of Oliver Milburn as DCI Scott Vaughan and James Thornton as Constable Jake Loughton. Stephanie Langton took over from Julie Cox in series two to continue playing the role of Mandy. The series

5457-426: The company was "extremely proud" of the 20 hours of drama that were created, and concluded with Red Planet Pictures' focus turning to "developing shows which will live up to those high standards set out on HolbyBlue." The Observer 's Rachel Cooke reviewed the first episode negatively, criticising the acting and unoriginal characterisation. Cooke predicted that HolbyBlue would be a ratings success, but found

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5564-467: The creation of HolbyBlue was deciding on a name for the programme. The BBC suggested that Jordan used the "Holby" brand, to "create a third arm of the successful Casualty and Holby City format". Jordan considered the use of the Holby brand, but questioned whether the series would be "held in disdain" by "soap snobs". Jordan decided to use the Holby brand after remembering the "joy" he took from "surprising

5671-567: The crown; this was the first instance of secular support being provided for medical institutions. In 1682, Charles II founded the Royal Hospital Chelsea as a retirement home for old soldiers known as Chelsea Pensioners , an instance of the use of the word "hospital" to mean an almshouse . Ten years later, Mary II founded the Royal Hospital for Seamen, Greenwich , with the same purpose. The voluntary hospital movement began in

5778-431: The death of one of the gang members. Robert and Lucy visit the relatives of Connor in the aftermath of his death, where Robert is murdered by the victim's brother. John goes to visit his father in jail, which strains his relationship with Kate. It later transpires that John's father was imprisoned for abusing prostitutes. Neil develops feelings for Kelly and inadvertently reveals them to her. Kelly later tells Neil that she

5885-425: The decision to launch the show under the Holby moniker, opining that it is not a true brand as Casualty and Holby City both possess "distinct personalities". He noted that he loathes the former and loves the latter, but concluded that despite differing audience demographics, they are both hospital dramas and it does not follow that their audiences would also enjoy a police procedural. Despite his criticism, Wright

5992-455: The early 18th century, with hospitals being founded in London by the 1720s, including Westminster Hospital (1719) promoted by the private bank C. Hoare & Co and Guy's Hospital (1724) funded from the bequest of the wealthy merchant, Thomas Guy . Other hospitals sprang up in London and other British cities over the century, many paid for by private subscriptions. St Bartholomew's in London

6099-517: The episode positively, calling it "fast and funny and punctuated with poignancy", and Jod Mitchell of The Daily Telegraph praised the intelligent writing and fast direction, writing that despite its familiarity, the series injected "pace and verve" into the BBC One schedule. The Guardian 's Gareth McLean observed that the opening episode contrasted the typical "cosiness" of Holby City and Casualty , and described HolbyBlue as "somewhere between

6206-528: The excellent City Central and the appalling Merseybeat ". McLean later deemed Keenan "two-dimensional", but still found him to be an improvement on the series' female characters, who he felt were extremely under-written. In February 2008, McLean described HolbyBlue as "far from perfect", but went on to review the sixth episode of series two positively, commenting that the previously disappointing programme had finally improved, with "a compelling and tense episode that both pleases series regulars and delivers

6313-553: The first series of Casualty were filmed at BBC Television Centre in London . The exterior shots of the hospital used in Casualty were formerly filmed at the City of Bristol College ; location filming later moved to an industrial estate at 51°27′33″N 2°34′01″W  /  51.459094°N 2.567030°W  / 51.459094; -2.567030 , close to the interior set of the hospital. It

6420-415: The first series of HolbyBlue was scheduled to air at 8pm on a Tuesday evening, replacing Holby City 's former timeslot, with Holby City moving to 8pm on a Thursday night instead. HolbyBlue was initially scheduled to commence airing on 1 May 2007, however it was later postponed by one week for unknown reasons. The first series of HolbyBlue ran from 8 May 2007 to 26 June 2007. On 21 June 2007,

6527-444: The first time with wife Mandy; she later dies unexpectedly after a roadside incident. Kate flirts with a man she finds at a police event, only to later learn she has been flirting with new boss, DCI Scott Vaughan. Robert is encouraged by Lucy to ask an ex-girlfriend of his to see their son. Robert's ex agrees to allowing him to see their son at the end of his shift. However, while Robert and Lucy are out on duty, gang violence results in

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6634-483: The healer-god Asclepius , known as Asclepeion functioned as centers of medical advice, prognosis, and healing. The Asclepeia spread to the Roman Empire . While public healthcare was non-existent in the Roman Empire, military hospitals called valetudinaria did exist stationed in military barracks and would serve the soldiers and slaves within the fort. Evidence exists that some civilian hospitals, while unavailable to

6741-517: The hospital and the transportation of patients between units is facilitated and minimised. The building also should be built to accommodate heavy departments such as radiology and operating rooms while space for special wiring, plumbing, and waste disposal must be allowed for in the design. However, many hospitals, even those considered "modern", are the product of continual and often badly managed growth over decades or even centuries, with utilitarian new sections added on as needs and finances dictate. As

6848-532: The hospitals. They also changed from being mere homes of refuge to being complex institutions for the provision and advancement of medicine and care for sick. The Charité was founded in Berlin in 1710 by King Frederick I of Prussia as a response to an outbreak of plague. Voluntary hospitals also spread to Colonial America ; Bellevue Hospital in New York City opened in 1736, first as a workhouse and then later as

6955-674: The key to a successful police drama was its ability to reflect the society "in which it existed". Answers about what best reflected the society that people lived came from joint head of Kudos, Jane Featherstone. As a result of a conversation with Featherstone, Jordan created a drama in which his characters would be forced to deal with limited resources and bureaucracy stemming from the war on terror, whilst trying to combat domestic crime. Jordan decided to imitate two American police dramas: Hill Street Blues and NYPD Blue , using "flawed characters, who still managed to be heroes", while also aiming to "accurately reflect society". The final element to

7062-496: The locker rooms". Jordan went on to research his new project by spending time with first serving officers, who "portrayed a world of endless, statistic-led red tape". After spending time with first serving officers, Jordan concluded that he was left with an image "not of a modern-day police force, fighting crime on the streets and keeping us all safe, but some kind of unwieldy, top-heavy administrative process, more concerned with public opinion than dispensing justice." Jordan felt that

7169-417: The medieval concept of Christian care evolved during the 16th and 17th centuries into a secular one. In England , after the dissolution of the monasteries in 1540 by King Henry VIII , the church abruptly ceased to be the supporter of hospitals, and only by direct petition from the citizens of London, were the hospitals St Bartholomew's , St Thomas's and St Mary of Bethlehem's (Bedlam) endowed directly by

7276-481: The modern hospital was beginning to take shape with a proliferation of a variety of public and private hospital systems. By the 1870s, hospitals had more than trebled their original average intake of 3,000 patients. In continental Europe the new hospitals generally were built and run from public funds. The National Health Service , the principal provider of health care in the United Kingdom, was founded in 1948. During

7383-529: The modern profession of nursing during the Crimean War when she set an example of compassion, commitment to patient care and diligent and thoughtful hospital administration. The first official nurses' training programme, the Nightingale School for Nurses, was opened in 1860, with the mission of training nurses to work in hospitals, to work with the poor and to teach. Nightingale was instrumental in reforming

7490-399: The nature of the hospital, by improving sanitation standards and changing the image of the hospital from a place the sick would go to die, to an institution devoted to recuperation and healing. She also emphasised the importance of statistical measurement for determining the success rate of a given intervention and pushed for administrative reform at hospitals. By the late 19th century,

7597-444: The need for hospitals to prioritise their limited resources, there is a tendency in countries with such systems for 'waiting lists' for non-crucial treatment, so those who can afford it may take out private health care to access treatment more quickly. In the United States , hospitals typically operate privately and in some cases on a for-profit basis, such as HCA Healthcare . The list of procedures and their prices are billed with

7704-542: The nineteenth century, the Second Viennese Medical School emerged with the contributions of physicians such as Carl Freiherr von Rokitansky , Josef Škoda , Ferdinand Ritter von Hebra , and Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis . Basic medical science expanded and specialisation advanced. Furthermore, the first dermatology, eye, as well as ear, nose, and throat clinics in the world were founded in Vienna , being considered as

7811-457: The number of US hospitals shrinking from 6,933 in 1981 to 5,534 in 2016. Occupancy rates also dropped from 77% in 1980 to 60% in 2013. Among the reasons for this are the increasing availability of more complex care elsewhere such as at home or the physicians' offices and also the less therapeutic and more life-threatening image of the hospitals in the eyes of the public. In the US, a patient may sleep in

7918-464: The opening episode of HolbyBlue "boring", with some "duff casting". Wright also criticised the decision to launch the show under the Holby moniker, opining that it is not a true brand as Casualty and Holby City both possess "distinct personalities". During its lifespan, HolbyBlue was nominated for six awards: Best Drama at the Inside Soap Awards in 2007 and 2008; Best New Drama Series at

8025-530: The original meaning of the word, hospitals were original "places of hospitality", and this meaning is still preserved in the names of some institutions such as the Royal Hospital Chelsea , established in 1681 as a retirement and nursing home for veteran soldiers. During the Middle Ages, hospitals served different functions from modern institutions in that they were almshouses for the poor, hostels for pilgrims , or hospital schools. The word "hospital" comes from

8132-471: The paediatric, neonatal, burns and neuro ICUs. Holby Ambulance Service is the fictional ambulance service which serves Holby City Hospital - also appearing in the two hospital dramas Casualty and Holby City . Although the ambulance service was only seen in Holby City very rarely, Casualty has featured paramedic characters as a key part of the cast since the show's 1986 conception. Holby South

8239-524: The pair to separate. DS Luke French and his wife, Mandy French, fail their second attempt at IVF . Luke and Mandy argue over Luke's divided priorities between her and his terminally ill mother. Luke agrees to put his terminally ill mother in a care home, but is later heartbroken when she dies following a fall. PC Kelly Cooper struggles with her financial difficulties and considers stealing money she finds while out on duty. Inspector Jenny Black ends her marriage with her husband, Alex Black, when she learns he

8346-573: The past, however, this work was usually performed by the members of founding religious orders or by volunteers . However, there are various Catholic religious orders, such as the Alexians and the Bon Secours Sisters that still focus on hospital ministry in the late 1990s, as well as several other Christian denominations, including the Methodists and Lutherans, which run hospitals. In accordance with

8453-406: The poor, as the rich would have been treated in their own homes. Hospitals in this era were the first to require medical licenses for doctors, and compensation for negligence could be made. Hospitals were forbidden by law to turn away patients who were unable to pay. These hospitals were financially supported by waqfs , as well as state funds. In India, public hospitals existed at least since

8560-406: The programme." Three production companies were involved in the development of HolbyBlue : BBC, Kudos and Red Planet Pictures. The Guardian picked up on the BBC's reverse tactic of creating a police procedural spin-off drama from a medical drama, compared to ITV , which "spawned a hospital spin-off", The Royal , from original police procedural drama, Heartbeat . Upon being approached by

8667-412: The quality of health care has increasingly become an issue around the world, hospitals have increasingly had to pay serious attention to this matter. Independent external assessment of quality is one of the most powerful ways to assess this aspect of health care, and hospital accreditation is one means by which this is achieved. In many parts of the world such accreditation is sourced from other countries,

8774-432: The re-commissioning was "brilliant news", while then Controller of BBC Drama Production, John Yorke said "BBC One is the perfect home for well-written, stylish and popular drama and we are proud to once again have HolbyBlue as a key pre-watershed drama in our schedule for next year." The second series of HolbyBlue was rescheduled for 8pm on a Thursday night, and ran from 20 March 2008 to 5 June 2008. On 6 August 2008,

8881-513: The reign of Firuz Shah Tughlaq in the 14th century. The Mughal emperor Jahangir in the 17th century established hospitals in large cities at government expense with records showing salaries and grants for medicine being paid for by the government. In China, during the Song dynasty , the state began to take on social welfare functions previously provided by Buddhist monasteries and instituted public hospitals, hospices and dispensaries . In Europe

8988-445: The same evening. Rumbleow praised HolbyBlue 's superior pacing, writing that while it had "clumsy, absurd and predictable" moments, and seemed "amateurish, unsophisticated and old-fashioned" compared to the US dramas, it was still good, with "moments of light and dark in the right place, the characters perfectly introduced and just the right amount of intrigue seeded." In contrast, The Guardian 's Sam Wollaston stated that he

9095-493: The same newspaper also commented on the unoriginality of the characterisation, but praised the "high energy level" and casting. He found it "watchable enough", and suggested that it would prove strong competition to The Bill . Andre Pettie of The Daily Telegraph disliked the pacing, observing that the script moved so fast it was hard to judge the quality of the series, concluding that it was overall unsatisfactory. In contrast, The Guardian 's Nancy Banks-Smith reviewed

9202-414: The series would be "held in disdain" by "soap snobs", but made the ultimate decision to name the drama HolbyBlue after remembering the "joy" he took from "surprising the audience by subverting expectation". HolbyBlue received mixed reception. Rachel Cooke from The Observer criticised the show's unoriginal characterisation, while The Times ' Andrew Billen stated that the most that could be said for

9309-470: The series' lack of originality inexcusable given that the BBC is funded by the television licence fee . The Times ' Andrew Billen commented that John Keenan was "such a cliché that his new deputy Luke French told him that he was a cliché while admitting that, as a graduate recruit, he was a cliché himself". Billen added that the most that could be said for the show was that it had a healthy pace, and occasionally well-written dialogue. David Chater from

9416-451: The show was that it had a healthy pace, and occasionally well-written dialogue. On the contrary, David Chater from the same newspaper praised the show's "high energy level" and casting. Chater also suggested the show would serve to be strong competition for ITV 's police drama The Bill . Jod Mitchell of The Daily Telegraph expressed that the series injected "pace and verve" into the BBC One schedule. Mark Wright from The Stage branded

9523-432: The sole locally accessible hospital within nine additional counties in which one or more other hospitals are present at a substantial distance from a local community. Twenty-eight of California's rural hospitals and 20 of its critical-access hospitals are district hospitals. They are formed by local municipalities, have boards that are individually elected by their local communities, and exist to serve local needs. They are

9630-470: The sources of income received. A teaching hospital combines assistance to people with teaching to health science students and auxiliary healthcare students. A health science facility smaller than a hospital is generally called a clinic. Hospitals have a range of departments (e.g. surgery and urgent care ) and specialist units such as cardiology . Some hospitals have outpatient departments and some have chronic treatment units. Common support units include

9737-402: The standard for many textbooks. In the mid-19th century, hospitals and the medical profession became more professionalised, with a reorganisation of hospital management along more bureaucratic and administrative lines. The Apothecaries Act 1815 made it compulsory for medical students to practise for at least half a year at a hospital as part of their training. Florence Nightingale pioneered

9844-555: The system after COVID-19, initially for respiratory patients. Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust started a COVID Oximetry@Home service in April 2020. This enables them to monitor more than 5000 patients a day in their own homes. The technology allows nurses, carers, or patients to record and monitor vital signs such as blood oxygen levels. In early India , Fa Xian , a Chinese Buddhist monk who travelled across India c.  AD 400 , recorded examples of healing institutions. According to

9951-503: The time of the series' cancellation. The table below shows the two series' average number of viewers. HolbyBlue was nominated for six awards during its lifespan, of which it failed to win any. The series was nominated under the category 'Best Drama' twice at the Inside Soap Awards in 2007 and 2008. Actresses Kacey Ainsworth and Zöe Lucker were both nominated for 'Best Actress' at the TV Quick & TV Choice Awards in 2007, while

10058-645: The twelfth most-watched programme on the channel for the week of its broadcast. However, the following episode saw a decline in the ratings for HolbyBlue after it clashed with ITV's police drama The Bill , with The Bill recording 5.4 million viewers and a 23% audience share, compared to HolbyBlue 's 4.1 million viewers and 18% audience share. Episode three was watched by 3.8 million viewers, attaining an 18% audience share, again beaten in its timeslot by The Bill . Episodes four and five were watched by 3.5 and 3.4 million viewers respectively; both episodes were again beaten by The Bill , and while episode six saw

10165-399: The weekly rankings. Despite a 23% decrease in audience share, it continued to lead in its timeslot. By episode five, viewership had declined to 4.10 million and a 21% audience share, but the show remained the most-watched at 8pm. The same was true of episode six, watched by 4 million viewers with a 20% audience share. Viewership for episodes four to six fell below the channel's top thirty in

10272-402: The weekly rankings. The final two episodes of series one experienced an increase in viewership, to 4.13 and 4.36 million respectively, ranking HolbyBlue twenty-sixth then twenty-fourth in the channel ratings for the weeks of broadcast. The first episode of the second series attracted the highest all-time rating of HolbyBlue , with 5.62 million viewers watching the episode, making the episode

10379-426: Was a pioneer of hospital design in having "pavilions" to minimize the spread of infection. John Wesley visited in 1785, and commented "I never saw anything of the kind so complete; every part is so convenient, and so admirably neat. But there is nothing superfluous, and nothing purely ornamented, either within or without." This revolutionary design was made more widely known by John Howard , the philanthropist. In 1787

10486-595: Was announced on 15 October 2008 that the BBC was considering moving the filming of Casualty to studios in Cardiff . On 26 March 2009, the BBC confirmed the move. Since late 2011, Casualty has been filmed on a purpose built studio and backlot set at the BBC Roath Lock Studios in Cardiff Bay at 51°27′46″N 3°09′23″W  /  51.4627°N 3.1565°W  / 51.4627; -3.1565 . The hospital became

10593-429: Was announced on 27 April 2006, and was created by Tony Jordan as a spin-off from the established medical drama Holby City . The show premiered on 8 May 2007. HolbyBlue ran for two series and was cancelled by the BBC on 6 August 2008, after ratings fell from an initial 5.64 million viewers to a low of 2.5 million viewers. Tony Jordan and Karen Wilson served as the show's executive producers , while Claire Phillips

10700-456: Was begun, including among the earliest hospitals by Saint Sampson in Constantinople and by Basil, bishop of Caesarea in modern-day Turkey. By the twelfth century, Constantinople had two well-organised hospitals, staffed by doctors who were both male and female. Facilities included systematic treatment procedures and specialised wards for various diseases. The earliest general hospital in

10807-410: Was later dropped in 2018. In 2016 and 2017, healthcare reform and a continued decline in admissions resulted in US hospital-based healthcare systems performing poorly financially. Microhospitals, with bed capacities of between eight and fifty, are expanding in the United States. Similarly, freestanding emergency rooms, which transfer patients that require inpatient care to hospitals, were popularised in

10914-548: Was pleased when the programme was recommissioned for a second series, hoping that an increased number of episodes would allow the production team to fix issues with HolbyBlue and further develop its format. Following the programme's cancellation, Wright gave HolbyBlue a mixed review. He described the first series as "disastrous", writing that it was largely unoriginal and impeded by the Holby brand, but deemed series two "a great improvement, with some excellent and quite engrossing character drama". The first episode of HolbyBlue

11021-522: Was rebuilt from 1730 to 1759, and the London Hospital, Whitechapel, opened in 1752. These hospitals represented a turning point in the function of the institution; they began to evolve from being basic places of care for the sick to becoming centers of medical innovation and discovery and the principal place for the education and training of prospective practitioners. Some of the era's greatest surgeons and doctors worked and passed on their knowledge at

11128-429: Was still unconvinced by HolbyBlue , deeming it inferior to The Bill . McLean was also unimpressed, writing, Should the appearance of Holby City 's spiky Jac in HolbyBlue , on suspicion of attempted murder, be greeted with interest or indifference? Certainly, the dull cop show needs all the help it can get as, entering its second series, none of the problems of the first have been worked out. The police are still

11235-442: Was the producer . Jordan spent time with first serving officers and believed that the key to a successful police drama was its ability to reflect a society "in which it existed". Jordan made the decision to emulate two American police dramas: Hill Street Blues and NYPD Blue . The BBC suggested that Jordan used the "Holby" brand to "create a third arm of the successful Casualty and Holby City format". Jordan questioned whether

11342-850: Was the dispensary; these would issue the poor with medicines free of charge. The London Dispensary opened its doors in 1696 as the first such clinic in the British Empire . The idea was slow to catch on until the 1770s, when many such organisations began to appear, including the Public Dispensary of Edinburgh (1776), the Metropolitan Dispensary and Charitable Fund (1779) and the Finsbury Dispensary (1780). Dispensaries were also opened in New York 1771, Philadelphia 1786, and Boston 1796. The Royal Naval Hospital, Stonehouse , Plymouth ,

11449-479: Was watched by an audience of 5.46 million viewers on BBC One , making it the fifteenth most-watched programme on the channel for the week of its broadcast. The second episode saw a fall in the ratings by 300,000 viewers, to 5.16 million viewers, making it the seventeenth most-watched programme on the channel for the week of its broadcast. The episode received a 26% audience share for its timeslot. The following episode dropped to 4.42 million viewers and twenty-fifth in

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