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117-561: Hilden is a town in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia . It is situated in the District of Mettmann , 10 km (6.21 mi) west of Solingen and 15 km (9.32 mi) east of Düsseldorf on the right side of the Rhine . It is a middle sized industrial town with a forest and numerous attractions. The Mayor is Claus Pommer, who took office in 2020. With approx. 57,000 inhabitants, Hilden

234-421: A World War II aerial bomb exploded while milling a cement-lime mixture in the new hard shoulder. A construction worker was killed, the milling machine was completely destroyed and several vehicles and buildings were damaged. During a subsequent unearned dupe search in the peripheral areas and at greater depths, even more duds were found. In a highway renewal work in the summer of 2014, a 500 kg heavy bomb from

351-565: A different route was chosen than the later built. The original route led over the area of the enlarged military training area Hohenfels after the Second World War. Also, in contrast to today running south of the city A 3 Deggendorf north should be bypassed. After 1939 already in some sections on the Franconian Alb and Wörth on the Danube and Deggendorf with earthworks and bridge construction work

468-549: A framework of a federal parliamentary representative democratic republic. The two main parties are, as on the federal level, the centre-right Christian Democratic Union and the centre-left Social Democratic Party . From 1966 to 2005, North Rhine-Westphalia was continuously governed by the Social Democrats or SPD-led governments. The state's legislative body is the Landtag ("state parliament house"). It may pass laws within

585-531: A general election to elect at least 181 members of the Landtag. Only parties who win at least 5% of the votes cast may be represented in parliament. The Landtag, the parliamentary parties and groups consisting of at least 7 members of parliament have the right to table legal proposals to the Landtag for deliberation. The law that is passed by the Landtag is delivered to the Minister-President, who, together with

702-508: A second church for Catholics had been built. In the time of industrialization many factories especially in textiles, engineering and painting had been founded. In both World Wars the people of Hilden had many losses, a list of the soldiers' names is written on a memorial. During the Nazi rule Jews and opponents of the regime have been persecuted. In the factories forced labourers, allegedly 3000, have been employed. In 1945 American troops, then units of

819-594: A uniform area; there are significant differences, especially in traditional customs, between the Rhineland region on the one hand and the regions of Westphalia and Lippe on the other. Its economy is the largest among German states by GRDP but is below the national average in GRDP per capita . The state of North Rhine-Westphalia was established by the British military administration 's "Operation Marriage" on 23 August 1946 by merging

936-598: Is a major connection between the Rhine-Ruhr area and southern Germany, resulting in heavy traffic. Consequently, large parts have three lanes (plus a hard shoulder) in each direction, including a 300 km (187.5 mi) section between Oberhausen and Aschaffenburg . The A3 passes by the Frankfurt Airport . The A 3 begins at the border crossing Elten in North Rhine-Westphalia as a four-lane continuation of

1053-579: Is also urgently to be expanded to six lanes. In the course of the new construction of the Lahntalbrücke Limburg, the highway route between km 107 and 110 was moved slightly to the east and expanded from six (without side stripes) to eight (plus side stripes) strips with additional noise barriers. This section between the junctions Limburg-Nord and Limburg-Süd takes up a lot of inner-city traffic. The official ground-breaking ceremony took place in June 2013 and

1170-626: Is hosted in Cologne . It is the largest video game convention in Europe. North Rhine-Westphalia has always been Germany's powerhouse with the largest economy among the German states by GDP figures . In the 1950s and 1960s, Westphalia was known as Land von Kohle und Stahl ( Land of Coal and Steel ). In the post-World War II recovery, the Ruhr was one of the most important industrial regions in Europe, and contributed to

1287-552: Is now operated as line S 1 of the Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn , stopping at several newly built stations, including Hilden Süd station . Line S 1 continues past Düsseldorf to Düsseldorf Airport station and the Ruhr area. Hilden is also accessible by the nearby intersecting freeways A3 , A59 and A46 . Within Hilden, residential speed limits were reduced to 30 km/h (18.6 mph) in 1992 to encourage cycling. The main street in

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1404-656: Is situated near Selfkant close to the Dutch border, the easternmost near Höxter on the Weser . The southernmost point lies near Hellenthal in the Eifel region. The northernmost point is the NRW-Nordpunkt near Rahden in the northeast of the state. The Nordpunkt has located the only 100 km to the south of the North Sea coast. The deepest natural dip is arranged in the district Zyfflich in

1521-665: Is strong in the eastern and northern parts with numerous free churches. Münster and especially Paderborn are thought of as Catholic. Osnabrück is divided almost equally between Catholicism and Protestantism. After the defeat of the Prussian Army at the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt , the Treaty of Tilsit in 1807 made the Westphalian territories part of the Kingdom of Westphalia from 1807 to 1813. It

1638-567: Is such a hint only on the cross Breitscheid. The two connection points on Leverkusen city area were renamed in 2009. Thus, the AS 22 (Leverkusen-Opladen) was formerly called only "Opladen" and the AS 24 (Leverkusen-Zentrum) only "Leverkusen". The basis for this was a decree of the North Rhine-Westphalian Ministry of Transport (so-called "large city regulation"), which states that in connection with cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants,

1755-449: Is the fourth-largest German state by size. North Rhine-Westphalia features 30 of the 81 German municipalities with over 100,000 inhabitants, including Cologne (over 1 million), the state capital Düsseldorf (630,000), Dortmund and Essen (about 590,000 inhabitants each) and other cities predominantly located in the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan area , the largest urban area in Germany and

1872-544: Is the fourth largest city in the District of Mettmann. In contrast to the surrounding cities, it has no suburban districts or incorporated villages. Hilden has a compact urbanized city centre and borders some smaller woods. Hilden was named in written sources already in the 11th century. In the 13th century in the centre of the early settlement a Romanesque church was erected, which during the Reformation became Protestant. Later

1989-669: The British Army of the Rhine had occupied the town, stationed in the local barracks erected in 1937. The relationship between the population and the British soldiers were good especially after Germany's accession to NATO in May 1955, when former adversaries became allies. The initiative of the regiment to get in touch with local citizens led to the twin partnership Hilden - Warrington (1968), to school exchanges and various contacts between people. In March 1968

2106-702: The Duchy of Cleves and about a century later Upper Guelders and Moers also became Prussian. At the peace of Basel in 1795, the whole of the left bank of the Rhine was resigned to France, and in 1806, the Rhenish princes all joined the Confederation of the Rhine . After the Congress of Vienna, Prussia was awarded the entire Rhineland , which included the Grand Duchy of Berg , the ecclesiastic electorates of Trier and Cologne ,

2223-719: The Ems , the Lippe , and the Weser . The Rhine is by far the most important river in North Rhine-Westphalia: it enters the state as Middle Rhine near Bad Honnef, where still being part of the Mittelrhein wine region . It changes into the Lower Rhine near Bad Godesberg and leaves North Rhine-Westphalia near Emmerich at a width of 730 metres. Almost immediately after entering the Netherlands,

2340-554: The Germanic tribes who fought at this battle came from the area of Westphalia. Charlemagne is thought to have spent considerable time in Paderborn and nearby parts. His Saxon Wars also partly took place in what is thought of as Westphalia today. Popular legends link his adversary Widukind to places near Detmold , Bielefeld , Lemgo , Osnabrück, and other places in Westphalia. Widukind

2457-750: The Moselle and Lower Lorraine on the Meuse. The Ottonian dynasty had both Saxon and Frankish ancestry. As the central power of the Holy Roman Emperor weakened, the Rhineland split into numerous small, independent, separate vicissitudes and special chronicles. The old Lotharingian divisions became obsolete, although the name survives for example in Lorraine in France, and throughout the Middle Ages and even into modern times,

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2574-604: The Second World War was found on 19 August between the Offenbacher Kreuz and the junction Obertshausen. For defusing the A 3 between the Offenbacher cross and the junction Obertshausen was closed in both directions. Since it was not possible to remove the detonator of the British dud, the bomb had to be blown up on site. The result was a crater with dimensions of about 10 × 5 meters and a depth of about 3 meters. Furthermore,

2691-959: The Stemmer Berge . The terrain rises towards the south and in the east of the state into parts of Germany's Central Uplands . These hill ranges are the Weser Uplands – including the Egge Hills , the Wiehen Hills , the Wesergebirge and the Teutoburg Forest in the east, the Sauerland , the Bergisches Land , the Siegerland and the Siebengebirge in the south, as well as the left-Rhenish Eifel in

2808-534: The province of Westphalia and the northern parts of the Rhine Province , both being political divisions of the former state of Prussia within the German Reich . On 21 January 1947, the former state of Lippe was merged with North Rhine-Westphalia. The constitution of North Rhine-Westphalia was then ratified through a referendum . The first written account of the area was by its conqueror, Julius Caesar ,

2925-529: The 12 km section was taken to the junction Siebengebirge and on 20 September 1939 followed by another 30 km to Dierdorf. The southern section with 48 km length between the former junction Wiesbaden, today's Wiesbadener Kreuz, and the junction Limburg-Nord was opened on 23 September 1939 traffic. The most elaborate structure in this section was the then approximately 500 m long and 60 m high Lahntalbrücke. The 41.5 km long gap between Limburg and Dierdorf took place on 15 June 1940. The construction of

3042-646: The 17th and 18th centuries, but most of it remained divided duchies and other feudal areas of power. The Peace of Westphalia of 1648, signed in Münster and Osnabrück, ended the Thirty Years' War . The concept of nation-state sovereignty resulting from the treaty became known as " Westphalian sovereignty ". As a result of the Protestant Reformation , there is no dominant religion in Westphalia. Catholicism and Lutheranism are on relatively equal footing. Lutheranism

3159-431: The 1960s thousands of foreign migrant workers were employed in various industrial sections. An economical boom in the following decades contributed to further expansion of the town. Since World War II , Hilden had six mayors: The current City Council, elected in 2009, consists of 40 members: 13 Christian Democrats, 13 Social Democrats, 6 Liberals, 4 Greens, 4 Civic Action and 4 Independents. In summer 2010 one member left

3276-747: The 3.5 km section to Weilbach was 1951, the following 17.4 km to Frankfurt-South were inaugurated on 10 July 1956. This was near the Frankfurt Rhein-Main airport for linking with the Federal Highway 5, the Frankfurter Kreuz and thus the first motorway junction in West Germany. The 214 km section from Frankfurt to Erlangen-Tennenlohe was built within nine years. The total cost amounted to about one billion DM. During construction, 21 construction workers were killed. From 15 December 1959,

3393-509: The A 3 crosses the Main for the fourth time. The A 3 then intersects the A 7 (Flensburg-Füssen), after which the A 3 switches to four lanes. It then crosses the Main for a fifth time and continues towards Nuremberg. This section leads through the Steigerwald and has a high traffic volume. Passing Höchstadt and Erlangen, Nuremberg is bypassed to the northeast. Outside of Nuremberg, the A 3 intersects with

3510-537: The A 4 (Aachen-Olpe) runs on a common route with the A 3. After Cologne, the motorway reverts to six lanes and reaches Siegburg, where it intersects with A 560 at the interchange Bonn / Siegburg. The landscape becomes rather hilly soon after, winding through the Siebengebirge and the Westerwald and entering Rhineland-Palatinate. The motorway is marked by numerous gradients around this point, the best known of which are in

3627-552: The A 59, the latter of which forming an alternative route between the cities Düsseldorf and Cologne . From Leverkusen, where the A 3 (Fehmarn-Saarbrücken) intersects the A 1, the A 3 forms the eastern part of the Cologne Ring. Due to the very high volume of traffic, this section is often congested, which is why a section between Cologne-Mülheim and the Heumar triangle has been expanded to eight lanes. Between Cologne-Ost and Heumarer Dreieck,

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3744-517: The A 9 (Berlin-Munich) and the A 6 (Saarbrücken-Prague). After Nuremberg, the A 3 passes Neumarkt-Oberpfalz, crosses the Franconian Alps and reaches the Danube valley at Regensburg. Towards Passau, the highway runs parallel to the river past Straubing and Deggendorf (A 92 to Munich), traversing through the foothills of the Bavarian Forest. Outside of Passau, the route turns south, passes through

3861-585: The A1 between the Rhine bridge Leverkusen and the interchange Leverkusen and should therefore probably be realized together. In the BVWP 2030 an eight-lane expansion of the sections between Heumar and Königsforst was also classified, as well as between the Leverkusen and Oberhausen interchanges, as well as a conversion of the motorway junctions Oberhausen, Kaiserberg and Hilden. The north adjacent four-lane section to Dinslaken North

3978-592: The A3 has two lanes. The Autobahn is equipped with eight lanes on the Cologne Beltway between Köln-Mülheim and autobahn triangle Dreieck Köln-Heumar . The course until Waldaschaff near Aschaffenburg has six lanes. The A3 is seven-laning between Mönchhof-Dreieck and Wiesbadener Kreuz (four lanes in the direction of Cologne, three to Würzburg) and eight-laning between Frankfurter Kreuz and Offenbacher Kreuz . The A3 has only four lanes from Aschaffenburg-Ost to

4095-477: The Austrian border was completed. Between Regensburg and Deggendorf was only built in the late 1970s to early 1980s. In 1980, the A 3 of Rosenhof was extended by 9 km to Wörth on the Danube, with a further Danube crossing was created (Danube bridge Wörth). In 1981, 20 km were added to Straubing, the gap closure to Deggendorf was opened in 1984. Thus, the highway was completely completed and passable. 1992

4212-499: The British troops left Hilden, having been replaced by German military units which took over the barracks. In the aftermath of the War refugees from East Germany found a new home in Hilden nearly doubling its population. In 1956 the Council of Hilden granted patronage to the association of refugees from the town and district of Wohlau , Lower Silesia . They held several meetings in Hilden with more than 1000 former Wohlau citizens having received refuge in various parts of Germany. Since

4329-489: The Christian Democrat faction and two members left the Liberals founding their own faction. Missing a formal coalition the Council rules with changing majorities. Hilden was once home to textile factories, a big paint enterprise, pharmaceutical and metallurgic companies. After the economic crisis in the 1980s many of these companies have been closed. Flourishing companies now include the German headquarters of 3M and Qiagen , as well as many other businesses and enterprises from

4446-400: The Cologne-Dellbrück junction was completed in 2008 and then to the junction Cologne-Mülheim in 2012. [27] However, the central building in the Leverkusen interchange is reinforced as it is no longer able to cope with the burdens. The further expansion up to the Leverkusen interchange is in the federal traffic route plan (BVWP) with the status urgent need. From the investment framework plan for

4563-421: The Dutch A 12. Until Oberhausen the highway runs on the right bank of the Lower Rhine past the cities Emmerich, Wesel and Dinslaken and reaches the Ruhrgebiet. Beginning at the Kreuz Oberhausen with A 516 and A 2, the A 3 is a three-lane freeway in both directions. A 3 runs parallel to the A 59 between Dinslaken and Düsseldorf before bypassing the latter to the east. Outside of Düsseldorf the A 3 runs parallel to

4680-434: The Dutch border at Straelen to Duisburg with the former A 430 Duisburg-Kaiserberg-Dortmund the A 40. The double designation "A 2 / A 3" for the hitherto common Motorway section from the cross Duisburg-Kaiserberg to the cross Oberhausen could thus be reduced to A 3. At the same time, the junctions of this along the city limits Duisburg / Oberhausen running part of the motorway were renamed. The junction Duisburg-Meiderich received

4797-425: The German Wirtschaftswunder . As of the late 1960s, repeated crises led to contractions of these industrial branches. On the other hand, producing sectors, particularly in mechanical engineering and metal and iron working industry, experienced substantial growth. Despite this structural change and an economic growth which was under national average, the 2018 GDP of 705 billion euro (1/4 of the total German GDP) made NRW

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4914-405: The German standard. The construction work was completed in 1962 and completed the section. In 1963, both the "Oberhausen connection" south of the Oberhausen cross and the section between Wesel and Hamminkeln were released. The total distance from Oberhausen to the Dutch border was completed in 1965. In June 1950, the construction work on the motorway south of Wiesbaden was resumed. The completion of

5031-411: The Hallerbachtal and Elzer Berg. Between Cologne and Frankfurt am Main the A 3 runs largely parallel to the Cologne-Frankfurt high-speed rail line . At the Dreieck Dernbach , not far from Koblenz, the A48 branches off to Trier. The A 3 then reaches Montabaur is connected before the Limburg area and the motorway continues into Hesse, after which the A 3 continues as eight lanes. Then the route leads over

5148-405: The Kauppenbrücke and the Mainbrücke Bettingen. The 7.7 km long route to the junction Rohrbrunn was expanded since April 2013 and released on 17 November 2015 for traffic. In the direction of Würzburg, an additional fourth lane was built on the slope of the Spessart climb. The approximately five-kilometer-long route between the Rohrbrunn junction and the Haseltalbrücke (including the expansion of

5265-428: The Neuburg Forest and crosses the Inn, the border between Germany and Austria. A 3 continues on the Austrian side is the Innkreisautobahn A 8, which continues to Linz. The first plans for the northern section between Emmerich and Oberhausen, the so-called "Holland line" (Reichsautobahnstrecke 92), date to the year 1936. Despite difficulties in the route definition (industrial areas in Oberhausen and Dinslaken are crossed)

5382-428: The Provincial Association of the Prussian Rhine Province legally established the route between Cologne-Düsseldorf and in 1931 the construction started of a 2.5-kilometer section at Opladen. I was opened on 27 September 1933 and shortened the section of trunk road 8 between the two cities. The southern part of this route was not further upgraded and included in a simple bypass, now part of the B 8 / L 288 (Bonner road). In

5499-422: The Randersacker Main Bridge and the extension of the Randersacker junction was started in 2007 and completed in July 2011. The six-lane traffic release took place together with the eastern adjacent section. In Fahrtrichtung Würzburg wurde im Steigungsbereich des Spessartaufstiegs ein zusätzlicher vierter Fahrstreifen errichtet. The last part of the track construction is 9.7 km (6.0 mi) long and ends at

5616-571: The Rhine splits into many branches. The Pader , which flows entirely within the city of Paderborn , is considered Germany's shortest river. For many, North Rhine-Westphalia is synonymous with industrial areas and urban agglomerations. However, the largest part of the state is used for agriculture (almost 52%) and forests (25%). The state consists of five government regions ( Regierungsbezirke ), divided into 31 districts ( Kreise ) and 23 urban districts ( kreisfreie Städte ). In total, North Rhine-Westphalia has 396 municipalities (1997), including

5733-446: The Rhine, and by the end of the fifth century had conquered all the lands that had formerly been under Roman influence. By the eighth century, the Frankish dominion was firmly established in western Germany and northern Gaul, but at the same time, to the north, Westphalia was being taken over by Saxons pushing south. The Merovingian and Carolingian Franks eventually built an empire which controlled first their Ripuarian kin, and then

5850-404: The Rhine, but the Romans never succeeded in gaining a firm footing on the right bank, where the Sugambri neighboured several other tribes including the Tencteri and Usipetes . North of the Sigambri and the Rhine region were the Bructeri . As the power of the Roman empire declined, many of these tribes came to be seen collectively as Ripuarian Franks and they pushed forward along both banks of

5967-409: The Saxons. On the division of the Carolingian Empire at the Treaty of Verdun , the part of the province to the east of the river fell to East Francia , while that to the west remained with the kingdom of Lotharingia . By the time of Otto I (d. 973), both banks of the Rhine had become part of the Holy Roman Empire , and the Rhenish territory was divided between the duchies of Upper Lorraine on

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6084-425: The Spessart Süd refueling facility) has been under construction since 2016. The construction period should be around four years and be completed in 2018. Here, the connection point is moved out of the T + R Spessart. Between 2007 and May 2012, the replacement new construction of the Haseltal bridge was erected and, in addition, two 1.2 km-long sections of the adjacent planning sections were extended on both sides of

6201-458: The Taunus into the plain of the Rhine-Main area. At the Wiesbadener Kreuz the A 3 intersects the 66, which connects the two largest cities of the region, Frankfurt am Main and the provincial capital Wiesbaden . After crossing the Main on the Mainbrücke Raunheim, the A67 branches off from the A 3, forming a route to Stuttgart as well as to Switzerland. Immediately thereafter, the A 3 crosses the grounds of Frankfurt Airport. Two runway bridges connect

6318-405: The Top 10 of roads with major average traffic each day. Only the Berlin city autobahn A100 had more traffic in 2010. The eastern Cologne ring road is to be expanded eight miles between the Leverkusen interchange and the Cologne-Heumar three-way interchange on about fourteen kilometers in length. The route between Heumar and Cologne-East was expanded between 2003 and 2005. The following section to

6435-489: The area of Würzburg — from the border between Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria near Helmstadt to Würzburg-Heidingsfeld and from Würzburg to Rottendorf — was expanded until 2012. The next kilometers between Rottendorf and interchange Kreuz Biebelried was in late 2012. The expansion of the last section near Würzburg, between Würzburg-Heidingsfeld and Würzburg/Rottendorf started in 2013. There are six lanes between Kreuz Fürth/Erlangen and Kreuz Nürnberg while

6552-469: The bridge. For the following approximately -kilometer-long section to the west of Marktheidenfeld, the plan approval decision has been available since July 2008. The expansion started in 2016 and will take four years, to be completed by 2020. The plan approval decision has been in place since October 2008 for the 9.7-kilometre (6.0 mi) section to the Main; the expansion began in 2014 and was expected to be completed in 2017. The adjoining Mainbrücke Bettingen

6669-497: The center became a pedestrian zone. Hilden is twinned with: North Rhine-Westphalia North Rhine-Westphalia or North-Rhine/Westphalia , commonly shortened to NRW , is a state ( Land ) in Western Germany . With more than 18 million inhabitants, it is the most populous state in Germany. Apart from the city-states ( Berlin , Hamburg and Bremen ), it is also the most densely populated state in Germany. Covering an area of 34,084 km (13,160 sq mi), it

6786-399: The city name must be prioritized. The A 3 runs parallel to the Bundesstraße 8 , which it thus replaced as a main highway. Both follow the medieval trade route Via Publica that was first mentioned in a document from 839. From 2006 to 2008, the section between the junctions Aschaffenburg and Aschaffenburg-Ost was expanded to six lanes. A fatal accident occurred on 23 October 2006, when

6903-403: The city of Kranenburg with 9.2 m above sea level in the northwest of the state. Though, the deepest point overground results from mining. The open-pit Hambach reaches at Niederzier a deep of 293 m below sea level. At the same time, this is the deepest human-made dip in Germany. The most important rivers flowing at least partially through North Rhine-Westphalia include: the Rhine , the Ruhr ,

7020-512: The city of Würzburg, a new plan approval procedure was initiated, which was concluded with the plan approval decision of 17 December 2009. Afterwards, the valley bridge Heidingsfeld should be lowered and the district Heuchelhof underpassed with the Katzenberg tunnel. It is expected to have a construction time of about five and a half years. An action was brought against the decision, which the Federal Administrative Court dismissed by judgment of 3 March 2011. The preparatory work began in September 2012,

7137-434: The competency of the state, e.g. cultural matters, the education system, matters of internal security, i.e. the police, building supervision, health supervision and the media; as opposed to matters that are reserved to Federal law. North Rhine-Westphalia uses the same electoral system as the Federal level in Germany: " Personalized proportional representation ". Every five years the citizens of North Rhine-Westphalia vote in

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7254-414: The completion of the work in 2017. An eight-lane extension of the subsequent section to the Wiesbadener Kreuz received in the BVWP 2030 a classification in the Further Needs. In the urgent need, it is an expansion of the Wiesbaden and Offenbacher cross planned. Between the Wiesbadener Kreuz and the Frankfurter Kreuz, as well as from Offenbach to Hanau, an eight-lane extension is planned in priority need. For

7371-428: The construction of the "Zubringers Oberhausen" as the southern extension of the road to the B 223 (today's A 516) began. Also the 7.2 km long section between the border crossing Elten and Emmerich has already been built. This was then in an area that was still under Dutch administration until 1962, the construction was in collaboration with the Dutch Road Administration. The road cross section, however, corresponded to

7488-418: The construction of the motorway between Deggendorf and Passau began. The 20 km long section from the motorway intersection Deggendorf to Iggensbach was completed in 1975, followed in 1978 by the subsequent approximately 21 km long route to the junction Passau -Nord and in 1979 another 9 km to Passau-Süd together with the Danube bridge Schalding. In 1983, the motorway section between Passau-South and

7605-407: The construction work in July 2014. By December 2017, the first phase of construction, consisting of the northern directional lane, the future direction Frankfurt, to be completed. Afterwards, the existing bridge will be demolished and the 2nd construction phase started. Completion with the release of both lanes is planned for the end of 2019. The subsequent 2.0 km section with the construction of

7722-409: The course. The 25.5 km long section Nittendorf-Rosenhof could be completed as early as 1965, the western adjoining, 25 km long section Parsberg-Nittendorf 1969. In 1971, the A 3 in the direction of Nuremberg was already passable for another 27.6 km to Neumarkt. Since then, the motorway from the Dutch border to the east of Regensburg (junction Rosenhof) was continuously passable. In 1968

7839-422: The direction of Nuremberg and 64 in the direction of Frankfurt as well as four rest stops. Between Aschaffenburg and Würzburg 11 springs and wells were offered to motorists. From Tennenlohe to the cross Nuremberg, the highway was already passable in 1941, but only in the section AS Nuremberg / Behringersdorf to AS Nürnberg-Mögeldorf two lanes. The complete release for this area could take place only 1959. The route

7956-404: The economically strongest state of Germany by GRP figures , as well as one of the most important economical areas in the world. Of Germany's top 100 corporations, 37 are based in North Rhine-Westphalia. On a per capita base, however, North Rhine-Westphalia remains one of the weaker among the Western German states. North Rhine-Westphalia attracts companies from both Germany and abroad. In 2009,

8073-407: The former kingdom, including the town of Osnabrück , had become part of the states of Hanover and Oldenburg . The flag of North Rhine-Westphalia is green-white-red with the combined coats of arms of the Rhineland (white line before green background, symbolizing the river Rhine), Westfalen (the white horse) and Lippe (the red rose). After the establishment of North Rhine-Westphalia in 1946,

8190-401: The fourth-largest on the European continent . The location of the Rhine-Ruhr at the heart of the European Blue Banana makes it well connected to other major European cities and metropolitan areas like the Randstad , the Flemish Diamond and the Frankfurt Rhine-Main Region . North Rhine-Westphalia was established in 1946 after World War II from the Prussian provinces of Westphalia and

8307-659: The free cities of Aachen and Cologne, and nearly a hundred small lordships and abbeys. The Prussian Rhine province was formed in 1822 and Prussia had the tact to leave the lower Rhenish districts in undisturbed possession of the liberal institutions to which they had become accustomed under the republican rule of the French. In 1920, the districts of Eupen and Malmedy were transferred to Belgium (see German-speaking Community of Belgium ). Around AD 1, numerous incursions occurred through Westphalia and perhaps even some permanent Roman or Romanized settlements. The Battle of Teutoburg Forest took place near Osnabrück and some of

8424-402: The gap closure between Mettmann and Breitscheid followed. The southern route allowed the direction Reichsautobahnen simultaneously from both Cologne in the south and Wiesbaden in the north. The section between the interchange Köln-Mülheim and Siegburg 30 km in length was handed over on 17 December 1937 after about three years of construction time traffic. One year later, on 15 December 1938,

8541-582: The highway from Aschaffenburg on the Spessart and Main Franconia to the intersection Biebelried six-lane expand. All sections not yet realized have been included in the investment framework plan for the years 2011 to 2015 of the Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development as priority measures. The 19 km long western subsection from the junction Aschaffenburg up to and including Kauppenbrücke

8658-462: The highway with the maximum four percent steep Spessart climb to Rohrbrunn was passable. The traffic clearance to Würzburg-West followed on 27 October 1961. On the way to the Nuremberg area was gradually built in the next few years. The 42 km long piece of the gap between Rottendorf and Schlüsselfeld was handed over to traffic on 26 November 1964. The line was equipped with a total of 54 rest stops in

8775-614: The interior ministry of North Rhine-Westphalia reported that the number of mosques with a Salafist influence had risen from 3 to 9, which indicated both an actual increase and improved reporting. According to German authorities, Salafism is incompatible with the principles codified in the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Germany , in particular: democracy , the rule of law , and political order based on human rights . The politics of North Rhine-Westphalia takes place within

8892-421: The intersection Biebelried. From June 2007 to December 2009, the early, partial conversion of the junction Rottendorf was carried out. The start of construction for the actual expansion was in the fall of 2009. The first section to the junction Rottendorf has been expanded since March 2012. Since then, four lanes have been usable here in the gradient area on the Nuremberg directional road. The construction work for

9009-533: The intersection Biebelried. It consisted of seven planned parts. The first included a 6.5 km section of track, which began east of the Main Bridge Bettingen and was in Baden-Württemberg. Construction work began in 2014 after the planning approval decision in 2007 and was completed by the end of 2017. A two kilometers after the border beginning eleven-kilometer section to the interchange Würzburg-West

9126-527: The junction with the A ;73 Kreuz Fürth /Erlangen in 2009. The Spessart -slope near Waldaschaff and some slope areas near Würzburg have additional lanes. There are plans to expand this area of the A3 up to six lanes in the next few years. The construction between Hösbach and Bessenbach /Waldaschaff was finished in 2011, and the new building of the Haseltalbrücke was terminated in 2012. The section in

9243-410: The largest city of Dortmund and the Rhenish cities of Bonn , Cologne and Düsseldorf . 30 of the 80 largest cities in Germany are located within North Rhine-Westphalia. The state's capital is Düsseldorf; the state's largest city is Cologne. In 2022, there were 164,496 births and 234,176 deaths. The following table shows the ten largest cities of North Rhine-Westphalia: The following table shows

9360-1080: The ministers involved, is required to sign it and announce it in the Law and Ordinance Gazette. These are the minister-presidents of North Rhine-Westphalia : For the current state government, see Wüst cabinet . The state has Aachen Cathedral , the Cologne Cathedral , the Zeche Zollverein in Essen , the Augustusburg Palace in Brühl and the Imperial Abbey of Corvey in Höxter which are all World Heritage Sites . North Rhine-Westphalia hosts film festivals in Cologne , Bonn, Dortmund , Duisburg , Münster , Oberhausen and Lünen . Other large festivals include Rhenish carnivals , Ruhrtriennale . Every year Gamescom

9477-424: The new name "Oberhausen-Lirich", the cross Duisburg / Oberhausen, which is located entirely on Duisburg city, the new name "Cross Oberhausen-West" and the junction Duisburg-Hamborn the new name "Oberhausen- Holten ". The name for the cross Duisburg-Kaiserberg has been corrected in "Kreuz Kaiserberg". The reference to the destination Duisburg along the A 3 from the cross Hilden in the north was deleted. Since then, there

9594-685: The nobility of these areas often sought to preserve the idea of a preeminent duke within Lotharingia, something claimed by the Dukes of Limburg , and the Dukes of Brabant . Such struggles as the War of the Limburg Succession therefore continued to create military and political links between what is now Rhineland-Westphalia and neighbouring Belgium and the Netherlands . In spite of its dismembered condition and

9711-730: The north and northeast, Rhineland-Palatinate to the south and Hesse to the southeast. Approximately half of the state is located in the relative low-lying terrain of the Westphalian Lowland and the Rhineland , both extending broadly into the North German Plain . A few isolated hill ranges are located within these lowlands, among them the Hohe Mark, the Beckum Hills , the Baumberge and

9828-576: The northern part of Rhine Province ( North Rhine ), and the Free State of Lippe by the British military administration in Allied-occupied Germany and became a state of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949. The city of Bonn served as the federal capital until the reunification of Germany in 1990 and as the seat of government until 1999. Culturally, North Rhine-Westphalia is not

9945-476: The northwest runway to the north of the highway. Also, the airport's ICE station is just north of the A 3, which cross pedestrians on a bridge to get from the station to the terminals. Afterwards the A 3 intersects the A 5 at Germany's most used interchange, the Frankfurter Kreuz (Kassel-Basel). The A 3 passes through a largely forested area until Aschaffenburg, passing the city of Frankfurt am Main proper to

10062-477: The plains of the Lower Rhine region and parts of the Central Uplands ( die Mittelgebirge ) up to the gorge of Porta Westfalica . The state covers an area of 34,083 km (13,160 sq mi) and shares borders with Belgium ( Wallonia ) in the southwest and the Netherlands ( Limburg , Gelderland and Overijssel ) in the west and northwest. It has borders with the German states of Lower Saxony to

10179-677: The population of the state since 1930. The values until 1960 are the average of the yearly population, from 1965 the population at year end is used. Source: Statistische Ämter des Bundes Und der Länder As of 2020 , 50% of the population of the state adhered to the Roman Catholic Church , 25% to the Protestant Church in Germany , and 28% of the population is irreligious or adheres to other denominations or religions. North Rhine-Westphalia ranks first in population among German states for both Roman Catholics and Protestants. In 2016,

10296-479: The remaining section towards the Austrian border only has two lanes in each direction. Between Cologne and Frankfurt an ICE high-speed railway line (300 km/h) closely follows the A 3's route. Two sections in the Frankfurt area are equipped with a special kind of facility to allow a temporary release of the emergency lanes during the rush hour. The section between Hanau and Offenbacher Kreuz and also

10413-418: The road superstructure of the first lane and the stationary strip of the directional road raised up to about half a meter. The road to Würzburg was closed until 21 August. The A3 is four-laning for the first 65 kilometers (41 mi) up from the Dutch border. There are six lanes, three lanes in each direction, between interchange Kreuz Oberhausen and Köln-Mülheim . On a short part inside of Kreuz Kaiserberg

10530-549: The second section of the junction Rottendorf to the intersection Biebelried were completed on 12 October 2012. The six-lane expansion of the route between the Biebelried interchange and the Fürth / Erlangen intersection is classified as an ongoing project in the new BVWP 2030 and is to be implemented via a public-private partnership. Planning took place during the lifetime of the FTIP 2003, with

10647-406: The section between Kelsterbach and Mönchhof-Dreieck have this facility, so that a further lane for each direction can be opened. These sections are monitored by cameras, so that the additional lane can be closed in critical situations, for example in case of a vehicle breakdown. Some parts of the A3 are among the most busy roads in Germany. According to a survey from 2010, three sections are in

10764-575: The section between Mönchhof-triangle and the interchange airport (in the western part of the Frankfurter Kreuz) began in the spring of 2009, the planning approval process. The eight-lane section between Frankfurter Kreuz and Offenbacher Kreuz is to be extended to ten lanes. This expansion was classified as Further Demand with Planning Law. With the status urgent need is provided in the Federal Transport Infrastructure Plan 2003,

10881-517: The section south of the Wiesbadener cross with the Main Bridge between Raunheim and Eddersheim was started in 1938, but had to be discontinued in early 1943. The section from Erlangen to the Nuremberg junction was completed in 1941, partly in one lane. In 1937, planning for the motorway section from Nuremberg via Regensburg to Passau was begun. In the area between Nuremberg and Oberpfraundorf, however,

10998-658: The section west of the AS key field classified as Priority Demand, and east of the AS key field in Additional Demand with planning rights. The route is divided into eleven planning sections: It is planned to connect the Nuremberg Airport to the motorway with the B 4f ("Nordspange"). This creates a new connection point on the A 3. East of Neumarkt in the Upper Palatinate in December 2012, the new junction "Neumarkt East"

11115-624: The south with eight lanes; the Frankfurt-Süd junction, which is located near the Commerzbank-Arena, is the only direct link with Frankfurt. It intersects with A 661 near Offenbach, continuing from this point as six lanes towards Offenbach am Main, Hanau and Seligenstadt, which are also connected with one interchange. As the A 3 enters Bavaria, it intersects with the A 45, crossing the Main on the Mainbrücke Stockstadt and Aschaffenburg and

11232-673: The southwest of the state. The Rothaargebirge in the border region with Hesse rises to height of about 800 m above sea level. The highest of these mountains are the Langenberg , at 843.2 m above sea level, the Kahler Asten (840.7 m) and the Clemensberg (839.2 m). The planimetrically determined centre of North Rhine-Westphalia is located in the south of Dortmund- Aplerbeck in the Aplerbecker Mark (51° 28' N, 7° 33' Ö). Its westernmost point

11349-484: The state had the most foreign direct investments ( FDI ) anywhere in Germany. Around 13,100 foreign companies from the most important investment countries control their German or European operations from bases in North Rhine-Westphalia. Bundesautobahn 3 Major cities along its total length of 778 km (483 mi) include Oberhausen, Duisburg , Düsseldorf , Leverkusen , Cologne , Wiesbaden , Frankfurt , Würzburg , Nuremberg and Regensburg . The A 3

11466-410: The state's borders is 1,645 km. The following countries and states have a border with North Rhine-Westphalia: North Rhine-Westphalia has a population of approximately 18.1 million inhabitants (more than the entire former East Germany , and slightly more than the Netherlands ) and is centred around the polycentric Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region , which includes the industrial Ruhr region with

11583-480: The suburbs Goldbach and Hösbach . There are two overhead noise barriers on this part with a length of 2.2 kilometers altogether. Behind the third Main Crossing on the Main Bridge Bettingen the highway runs rather briefly (approximately six kilometers) through Baden-Württemberg. Shortly before Helmstadt, the highway is again six lanes and bypasses Würzburg to the south, after the triangle Würzburg-West. South of Würzburg

11700-411: The sufferings it underwent at the hands of its French neighbours in various periods of warfare, the Rhenish territory prospered greatly and stood in the foremost rank of German culture and progress. Aachen was the place of coronation of the German emperors, and the ecclesiastical principalities of the Rhine bulked largely in German history. Prussia first set foot on the Rhine in 1609 by the occupation of

11817-462: The technology and logistics sector. Until the 1960s Hilden had an old fashioned tram, that connected the city in three directions with Düsseldorf-Benrath , Solingen-Ohligs and Wuppertal-Vohwinkel . It was nearly a tourist attraction, as it was one of the few trams that operated on metre gauge track. Meanwhile, the trams have been replaced by buses. Hilden station has local trains operating to Düsseldorf , Solingen and Dortmund . This service

11934-673: The territories west of the Rhine were occupied by the Eburones and east of the Rhine he reported the Ubii (across from Cologne) and the Sugambri to their north. The Ubii and some other Germanic tribes such as the Cugerni were later settled on the west side of the Rhine in the Roman province of Germania Inferior . Julius Caesar conquered the tribes on the left bank, and Augustus established numerous fortified posts on

12051-440: The tricolor was first introduced in 1948, but was not formally adopted until 1953. The plain variant of the tricolor is considered the civil flag and state ensign, while government authorities use the state flag ( Landesdienstflagge ) which is defaced with the state's coat of arms . The state ensign can easily be mistaken for a distressed flag of Hungary , as well as the former national flag of Iran (1964–1980). The same flag

12168-516: The urban districts, which are municipalities by themselves. The government regions have an assembly elected by the districts and municipalities, while the Landschaftsverband has a directly elected assembly. The five government regions of North Rhine-Westphalia each belong to one of the two Landschaftsverbände : The state's area covers a maximum distance of 291 km from north to south, and 266 km from east to west. The total length of

12285-495: The years 2011 to 2015 of the Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development, the view was expressed that for the reconstruction of the AK Leverkusen and the expansion between the interchanges Leverkusen Center and Cologne-Mülheim, the planning should be promoted priority to start construction by 2015. The planning approval decision for the eight-lane expansion in the section from Cologne-Mülheim to AS Leverkusen-Zentrum

12402-507: The years up to 1940, the rest of the Reichsautobahn Oberhausen (following the A 2) was built over Cologne to Wiesbaden sections. The 25-kilometer section from Cologne-Mülheim to Mettmann was opened on 21 May 1936 to traffic. In the same year, the section from Breitscheid to Oberhausen-Lirich / Duisburg-Meiderich was completed in the northerly direction. In 1937, the northern continuation of the current motorway junction Oberhausen and

12519-422: Was a general reorganization of the motorway network in Germany. As a result, the signage had to be revised, the number of goals on the signposts was reduced, which was partly accompanied by a considerable loss of information. At the same time, a numbering of all junctions, triangles and crosses in the German motorway network was carried out. As part of this reorganization arose by linking the former A 2 section from

12636-584: Was already in July 1939 with the construction to be started. Because of the Second World War, the construction work had to be stopped in October of the same year until July 1940. In May 1942, they were finally closed . Up to about a third of the earthworks were completed. The route was already cleared and construction had started on 29 buildings The first plans for the Cologne-Düsseldorf route go back to 1925. In 1929

12753-399: Was available at the end of January 2012. The eight-lane expansion between AS Köln-Mülheim and AS Leverkusen has been open to traffic since 2 June 2017. The expansion between AK Leverkusen and AS Leverkusen-Zentrum is considered to be another important project with a realization after 2015. This further expansion of the A3 is also in direct functional connection with the expansion / conversion of

12870-511: Was buried in Enger , which is also a subject of a legend. Along with Eastphalia and Engern , Westphalia ( Westfalahi ) was originally a district of the Duchy of Saxony . In 1180, Westphalia was elevated to the rank of a duchy by Emperor Barbarossa . The Duchy of Westphalia comprised only a small area south of the Lippe River . Parts of Westphalia came under Brandenburg-Prussian control during

12987-572: Was expanded in the years 2001 to 2011 on six lanes. The Autobahndirektion Nordbayern indicated in 2016 that construction costs amounting to 580 million euros. From height Keilberg the route was moved with the Kauppenbrücke for reasons of noise protection from Waldaschaff away to the south. The 30 km long middle subsection, for which the Autobahndirektion Nordbayern in 2016 stated construction costs of 287 million euros, lies between

13104-439: Was extended between June 2009 and December 2011. The expansion of the 8.0 km-long section to the junction Würzburg-Heidingsfeld took place from mid-2007 to December 2009. In the direction of travel in Frankfurt, there is a 2.0 km-long lane in the incline area. The most elaborate section lies between the junctions Würzburg-Heidingsfeld and Würzburg / Randersacker and is 5.4 km long. In May 2008, after contradictions by

13221-494: Was founded by Napoleon and was a French vassal state . This state only shared the name with the historical region; it contained only a relatively small part of Westphalia, consisting instead mostly of Hessian and Eastphalian regions. After the Congress of Vienna , the Kingdom of Prussia received a large amount of territory in the Westphalian region and created the province of Westphalia in 1815. The northernmost portions of

13338-429: Was from 19 December 1963 from Nuremberg to Schlüsselfeld passable. After the plans for the motorway section Nuremberg-Regensburg-Passau were resumed in 1958, due to the training area Hohenfels the originally planned and partly built track could not be further developed, they decided on a route through Altorf, Neumarkt and Parsberg, the at Oberpfraundorf again on the prewar road encounters. This could be largely retained in

13455-399: Was previously completed in 2001 after three and a half years of construction. The bridge is passable, but until the 6-lane completion of the adjacent sections, provisionally only four lanes are open. The 45 km-long (148,000 ft) eastern subsection, for which the Autobahndirektion Nordbayern 2016 construction costs of 574 million euros stated, lies between the Main Bridge Bettingen and

13572-423: Was started, they stopped the work, as on the northern section, 1942 due to the war. In the course of this work, the construction of a Danube bridge near Regensburg was started. After the war, in 1958 with the continuation of construction of the line Emmerich-Oberhausen ("Holland Line") started. In 1961, the 17.5 km long section from the cross Oberhausen to Wesel was completed. Already two years earlier, in 1959,

13689-677: Was used by the Rhenish Republic (1923–1924) as a symbol of independence and freedom. The horse on the coat of arms is a reference to the Saxon Steed , a heraldic motif associated with both Westphalia and Lower Saxony . The horse first featured in the 15th century coat of arms of the Duchy of Westphalia, before being inherited by the Prussian province of Westphalia and finally the modern state of North Rhine-Westphalia. North Rhine-Westphalia encompasses

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