32-570: See list of Hibiscus species Hibiscus is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae . The genus is quite large, comprising several hundred species that are native to warm temperate , subtropical and tropical regions throughout the world. Member species are renowned for their large, showy flowers and those species are commonly known simply as "hibiscus", or less widely known as rose mallow . The genus includes both annual and perennial herbaceous plants , as well as woody shrubs and small trees. The generic name
64-508: A common Sudanese beverage, was found to reduce chloroquine bioavailability . However, no statistically significant changes were observed in the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen when administered with the Zobo ( H. sabdariffa ) drink. Further studies are needed to demonstrate clinical significance. The red hibiscus is the flower of the Hindu goddess Kali , and appears frequently in depictions of her in
96-471: A common name for the hibiscus flower. In Jamaica , Trinidad and many other islands in the Caribbean, the drink is known as sorrel ( Hibiscus sabdariffa ; not to be confused with Rumex acetosa , a species sharing the common name sorrel ). In Ghana, the drink is known as soobolo in one of the local languages. In Cambodia , a cold beverage can be prepared by first steeping the petals in hot water until
128-525: A rich heritage of refreshing Lankans. Fresh juices, ice teas and syrups made of the Hibiscus flower are famous refreshments among Sri Lankans. Dried hibiscus is edible , and it is often a delicacy in Mexico. It can also be candied and used as a garnish, usually for desserts. Contrary to popular assumptions that the flowers or petals are what is being eaten, it is the calyces . The roselle ( Hibiscus sabdariffa )
160-616: Is Hibiscus syriacus , the common garden hibiscus, also known in some areas as the "rose of Althea" or "rose of Sharon" (but not to be confused with the unrelated Hypericum calycinum , also called "rose of Sharon"). In tropical and subtropical areas, the Chinese hibiscus ( H. × rosa-sinensis ), with its many showy hybrids , is the most popular hibiscus. Several hundred species are known, including: Many species are grown for their showy flowers or used as landscape shrubs , and are used to attract butterflies, bees, and hummingbirds. Hibiscus
192-486: Is mealybugs . Mealybug infestations are easy to spot as they are clearly visible as a distinct white cottony infestation on buds, leaves or even stems. One species of Hibiscus , known as kenaf ( Hibiscus cannabinus ), is extensively used in paper -making. The inner bark of the sea hibiscus ( Hibiscus tiliaceus ), also called 'hau', is used in Polynesia for making rope, and the wood for making canoe floats. The ropes on
224-435: Is a dry five-lobed capsule , containing several seeds in each lobe, which are released when the capsule dehisces (splits open) at maturity. It is of red and white colours. It is an example of complete flowers. The yellow hibiscus is the state flower of Hawaii, although the most commonly seen hibiscus in the state is Hibiscus × rosa-sinensis . In temperate zones, probably the most commonly grown ornamental species
256-457: Is a very hardy, versatile plant and in tropical conditions it can enhance the beauty of any garden. Being versatile it adapts itself easily to balcony gardens in crammed urban spaces and can be easily grown in pots as a creeper or even in hanging pots. It is a perennial and flowers throughout the year. As it comes in a variety of colors, it's a plant which can add vibrancy to any garden. The only infestation that gardeners need to be vigilant about
288-558: Is also called "Tarukanga" in Waray , particularly in Eastern Samar province. The hibiscus flower is traditionally worn by Pacific island women, and is a known shared custom that if the flower is worn behind the left ear, the woman is married or has a boyfriend. If the flower is worn on the right, she is single or openly available for a relationship. The pink hibiscus flower has its origins in Asia and
320-452: Is derived from the Greek name ἰβίσκος ( ibískos ) which Pedanius Dioscorides gave to Althaea officinalis ( c. 40–90 AD). Several species are widely cultivated as ornamental plants, notably Hibiscus syriacus and Hibiscus × rosa-sinensis . A tea made from the flowers of Hibiscus sabdariffa is known by many names around the world and is served both hot and cold. The beverage
352-464: Is known for its red colour, tart flavour, and vitamin C content. The leaves are alternate , ovate to lanceolate , often with a toothed or lobed margin ( dentate ). The flowers are large, conspicuous , trumpet-shaped, with five or more petals , colour from white to pink, red, blue, orange, peach, yellow or purple, and from 4–18 cm broad. Flower colour in certain species, such as H. mutabilis and H. tiliaceus , changes with age. The fruit
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#1732852274501384-709: Is used as a vegetable . The species Hibiscus suratensis Linn synonymous with Hibiscus aculeatus G. Don is noted in Visayas in the Philippines as being a souring ingredient for almost all local vegetables and menus. Known as labog in the Visayan area (or labuag/sapinit in Tagalog), the species is an ingredient in cooking native chicken soup. Hibiscus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some lepidopteran species, including Chionodes hibiscella , Hypercompe hambletoni ,
416-534: The Friendly Islands . The first time, during 1832, Rarotonga had been hit by a particularly powerful hurricane, which greatly damaged the island's housing and pushed the ship onto the island, knocking branches off trees some twelve to fifteen feet (3.7 to 4.6 m) off the ground. She came to rest in a four-foot (1.2 m) hole she had made for herself. As Williams said later, "She had sustained no injury whatever". 2000 natives hauled her out and put her back into
448-484: The Society Islands . The ship, a 70-ton fore-and-aft schooner 60 feet (18 m) in length, was built from a local mahogany called tamanu ( Calophyllum inophyllum ). The wood was not ideal for ship construction, and her masts were neither straight nor smooth. Also on hand was some scrapped ship's main cable, which he converted into iron bolting, using a stone anvil and charcoal instead of coal. They made
480-666: The Solomon Islands and Niue . Hibiscus syriacus is the national flower of South Korea , and Hibiscus × rosa-sinensis is the national flower of Malaysia . Hibiscus brackenridgei is the state flower of Hawaii . List of Hibiscus species The following species in the flowering plant genus Hibiscus were accepted by Plants of the World Online as of September 2024 . There have been multiple ancient polyploidization events in this genus. Messenger of Peace (missionary ship) Messenger of Peace
512-595: The nutmeg moth , and the turnip moth . Hibiscus × rosa-sinensis is described as having a number of medical uses in Indian Ayurveda . It has been claimed that sour teas derived from Hibiscus sabdariffa may lower blood pressure. While the mechanism is not well understood, previous animal studies have demonstrated both an inhibitory effect of H. sabdariffa on muscle tone and the anti-fertility effects of H. × rosa-sinensis , respectively. The extract of H. sabdariffa has been shown to stimulate contraction of
544-472: The Friendly Islands. The ship was half full of water, nearly four feet (1.2 m) deep in her hold . Strenuous efforts at baling her out over several days kept her afloat for landing at Vavau for repair. However the leak could not be found, and she made for another island in the group, where she sought help from two ships at anchor. With the help of their crews, Messenger of Peace was hove down , and
576-579: The Pacific Islands, where it has served as a symbol of beauty, femininity, and young love. It is commonly associated with the Hawaiian culture and the Aloha spirit, which celebrates love, happiness, and peace. A stylized image of the hibiscus flower was used as a logo of Air Polynésie . Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie named her first novel Purple Hibiscus after the delicate flower. The bark of
608-556: The art of Bengal , India, often with the goddess and the flower merging in form. The hibiscus is used as an offering to Kali and the god Ganesha in Hindu worship. In the Philippines, the gumamela (the local name for hibiscus) is used by children as part of a bubble-making pastime. The flowers and leaves are crushed until the sticky juices come out. Hollow papaya stalks are then dipped into this and used as straws for blowing bubbles. Together with soap, hibiscus juices produce more bubbles. It
640-507: The colors are leached from the petals, then adding lime juice (which turns the beverage from dark brown/red to a bright red), sweeteners (sugar/honey) and finally cold water/ice cubes. In Egypt and Sudan, hibiscus tea is known as karkadé (كركديه), and is served as both a hot and a cold drink. Hibiscus (also known in Sri Lanka as shoe flower, සපත්තු මල, වද මල in Sinhalese) is an ingredient with
672-518: The hibiscus contains strong bast fibres that can be obtained by letting the stripped bark set in the sea to let the organic material rot away. A coastal area in Auckland , New Zealand is known as the Hibiscus Coast , named after the non-native flower due to its associations with beach and holiday atmospheres. The hibiscus is a national symbol of Haiti , and the national flower of nations including
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#1732852274501704-708: The islands "with the necessities of civilized life, including clothing, flour, tea, and sugar" and fund the operation by trade. However the LMS objected to such a strategy and had him sell the ship by 1827. Williams' presence in the South Seas , Tahiti , and Rarotonga spanned 1817 to 1839. He arrived in Rarotonga in 1827 and learnt of other islands in the vicinity where the inhabitants practised paganism . (He described them as "heathens".) To reach them, he built Messenger of Peace from local materials in fifteen weeks and then set sail for
736-589: The leak discovered—an augur hole missing its bolt had been filled with mud and stones from the hurricane earlier on Rarotonga. A stone had wedged itself sufficiently to have kept the hull from leaking for six months and several thousand miles on the sea. She returned to Rarotonga for extensive repairs in January 1833. This last experience, coupled with a need for the Williams family to return to England, convinced Williams that, despite several arduous voyages over six years, she
768-748: The missionary ship Messenger of Peace were made of fibres from hibiscus trees. The tea made of the calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa is known by many names in many countries around the world and is served both hot and cold. The beverage is well known for its red colour, tartness and unique flavour. Additionally, it is highly nutritious because of its vitamin C content. It is known as bissap in West Africa, "Gul e Khatmi" in Urdu & Persian, agua de jamaica in Mexico and Central America (the flower being flor de jamaica ) and Orhul in India. Some refer to it as roselle ,
800-400: The rat bladder and uterus; the H. × rosa-sinensis extract has exhibited contraceptive effects in the form of estrogen activity in rats. These findings have not been observed in humans. The H. × rosa-sinensis is also thought to have emmenagogue effects which can stimulate menstruation and, in some women, cause an abortion . Due to the documented adverse effects in animal studies and
832-465: The reported pharmacological properties, the H. sabdariffa and H. × rosa-sinensis are not recommended for use during pregnancy . It is postulated that H. sabdariffa interacts with diclofenac , chloroquine and acetaminophen by altering the pharmacokinetics . In healthy human volunteers, the H. sabdariffa extract was found to reduce the excretion of diclofenac upon co-administration. Additionally, co-administration of Karkade ( H. sabdariffa ),
864-630: The rudder fastenings from a piece of a pickaxe , a cooper's adze , and a large hoe . Ropes were made of fibres from hibiscus trees. He made her sails from matting . It took fifteen weeks to build, using no proper tools and no special knowledge in shipbuilding. What little knowledge he had had come from 1816 in Eimeo, the Society Islands, when he had found an incomplete ship used by earlier missionaries, which he repaired and made seaworthy, whereupon he christened her Haweis . This small but useful vessel
896-469: The sea. This delayed Williams' plans to visit Samoa for some months as all the parts of the ship, the store, masts, rigging, blocks, pitch, and copper were strewn over a wide area and had to be collected for the repair. They set sail on 11 October. The voyage was to last fifteen weeks, four of which were spent in the Samoan group. Then on her return journey to Rarotonga she sprung a leak 300 miles (480 km) from
928-570: Was a missionary ship built in 1827 in Avarua, Rarotonga , by John Williams to spread Christianity to Samoa and the Society Islands on behalf of the London Missionary Society (LMS). He spread his ministry, sailing her from 1827 to 1836 under a flag of a white dove on a blue background while subsidising his efforts by trading between the islands. Williams had earlier purchased Endeavour in 1821, meaning to supply missionaries in
960-431: Was later given to a local chieftain as a matter of diplomacy. Williams had some help from fellow missionary Aaron Buzacott , and a reduced local workforce of former cannibals, as the majority of islanders were busy building housing elsewhere on the island. Over time some of this crude equipment was replaced by gifts from passing naval officers. Once the ship was complete, and using verbal directions given to him (as
992-511: Was not fit for purpose and in need of replacement, so she was sent to Tahiti and sold in 1836. The story of the Messenger of Peace had made Williams famous. On his return to England he set about raising funds for the purchase of a replacement. In 1838 the London Missionary Society purchased the brig Camden , of 192 or 194 tons ( bm ), built in 1809 at Falmouth as a Falmouth packet . Camden sailed from London on 11 April 1838 and returned
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1024-451: Was the custom) by the locals, he set sail and visited Aitutaki, Manuae, Mauke, Atiu, and Mangaia before returning to Rarotonga. A second voyage was taken to islands in the west. He returned in February 1828 and then removed his family to Raiatea . In mid 1830, the ship visited Samoa, where they were well received by the "heathens". The ship was repaired twice in Rarotonga on returns from
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