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40-598: Heywood Campbell Broun Jr. ( / ˈ b r uː n / ; December 7, 1888 – December 18, 1939) was an American journalist . He worked as a sportswriter , newspaper columnist, and editor in New York City. He founded the American Newspaper Guild, later known as The Newspaper Guild and now as The NewsGuild-CWA . Born in Brooklyn , New York , he is best remembered for his writing on social issues and his championing of

80-530: A Socialist . A slogan of Broun's was "I'd rather be right than Roosevelt ." In 1933, along with New York Evening Post Editor Joseph Cookman , John Eddy of The New York Times and Allen Raymond of the New York Herald Tribune , Broun helped to found The Newspaper Guild . Beginning February 8, 1933, Broun starred in a radio program, The Red Star of Broadway , on WOR in Newark, New Jersey. Broun

120-475: A newsroom , from home or outside to witness events or interview people. Reporters may be assigned a specific beat (area of coverage). Matthew C. Nisbet , who has written on science communication , has defined a "knowledge journalist" as a public intellectual who, like Walter Lippmann , Fareed Zakaria , Naomi Klein , Michael Pollan , and Andrew Revkin , sees their role as researching complicated issues of fact or science which most laymen would not have

160-460: A feminist who later co-founded the Lucy Stone League . At their wedding, the columnist Franklin P. Adams characterized the usually easygoing Broun and the more strident Hale as "the clinging oak and the sturdy vine." The couple had one son, broadcaster Heywood Hale Broun . Along with his friends (the critic Alexander Woollcott , writer Dorothy Parker and humorist Robert Benchley ), Broun

200-490: A news media that tended to oversimplify issues and to reinforce stereotypes , partisan viewpoints and prejudices . As a consequence, Lippmann believed that the public needed journalists like himself who could serve as expert analysts, guiding "citizens to a deeper understanding of what was really important". In 2018, the United States Department of Labor's Occupational Outlook Handbook reported that employment for

240-403: A professional journalist and a source can be rather complex, and a source can sometimes have an effect on an article written by the journalist. The article 'A Compromised Fourth Estate' uses Herbert Gans' metaphor to capture their relationship. He uses a dance metaphor, "The Tango", to illustrate the co-operative nature of their interactions inasmuch as "It takes two to tango". Herbert suggests that

280-836: A widowed chorus girl named Maria Incoronata Fruscella Dooley (stage name Connie Madison). Seven months before his death in 1939, Broun, who had been an agnostic , converted to Roman Catholicism following discussions with then Reverend Fulton Sheen and Reverend Edward Patrick Dowling, Broun died of pneumonia , at age 51, in New York City. More than 3,000 mourners attended his funeral at St. Patrick's Cathedral in Manhattan. Attendees included New York City Mayor Fiorello La Guardia , columnist Franklin Pierce Adams , actor-director George M. Cohan , playwright-director George S. Kaufman , New York World editor Herbert Bayard Swope , columnist Walter Winchell and actress Tallulah Bankhead . Broun

320-620: Is buried in the Cemetery of the Gate of Heaven in Hawthorne, New York. Journalist A journalist is a person who gathers information in the form of text, audio or pictures, processes it into a newsworthy form and disseminates it to the public. This is called journalism . Journalists can be broadcast, print, advertising or public relations personnel. Depending on the form of journalism, "journalist" may also describe various categories of people by

360-473: Is used widely, often in arguments about documentation and history. From 1927 to 1937, Broun wrote a regular column, titled "It Seems to Heywood Broun", for the magazine The Nation . His column included criticism of another employer, the New York World , who fired Broun as a result. Broun later left The Nation for the rival The New Republic . In 1930, Broun unsuccessfully ran for the U.S.Congress , as

400-532: The New York Tribune and Broun for libel; but in light of the judge's jury instructions , Broun and the Tribune won the case. A few weeks later, he had to review a production with Stein in the cast. His only mention of the actor was in the last sentence of his column: "We did not think Geoffrey Stein was up to his usual standards." Broun coined the statement "Posterity is as likely to be wrong as anybody else". It

440-650: The New York Tribune from 1912 to 1921, rising to drama critic. He started working in 1921 for the New York World . While at the World, he started writing his syndicated column, It Seems to Me . In 1928, Broun moved to the Scripps-Howard newspapers, including the New York World-Telegram . Broun's column was published in the World-Telegram until Scripps-Howard abruptly decided not to renew his contract. He

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480-645: The COVID-19 pandemic had given governments around the world the chance “to take advantage of the fact that politics are on hold, the public is stunned and protests are out of the question, in order to impose measures that would be impossible in normal times”. In 2023 the closure of local newspapers in the US accelerated to an average of 2.5 per week, leaving more than 200 US counties as “news deserts” and meaning that more than half of all U.S. counties had limited access to reliable local news and information, according to researchers at

520-914: The Committee to Protect Journalists and Reporters Without Borders publish reports on press freedom and advocate for journalistic freedom. As of November 2024, the Committee to Protect Journalists reports that 1625 journalists have been killed worldwide since 1992 by murder (71%), crossfire or combat (17%), or on dangerous assignment (11%). The "ten deadliest countries" for journalists since 1992 have been Iraq (230 deaths), Philippines (109), Russia (77), Colombia (76), Mexico (69), Algeria (61), Pakistan (59), India (49), Somalia (45), Brazil (31) and Sri Lanka (30). The Committee to Protect Journalists also reports that as of 1 December 2010, 145 journalists were jailed worldwide for journalistic activities. Current numbers are even higher. The ten countries with

560-446: The Hamas attack , Russian invasion of Ukraine and the presidential election . American consumers turned away from journalists at legacy organizations as social media became a common news source. Journalists sometimes expose themselves to danger, particularly when reporting in areas of armed conflict or in states that do not respect the freedom of the press . Organizations such as

600-603: The Medill School of Journalism, Media, Integrated Marketing Communications at Northwestern University . In January 2024, The Los Angeles Times , Time magazine and National Geographic all conducted layoffs, and Condé Nast journalists went on strike over proposed job cuts. The Los Angeles Times laid off more than 20% of the newsroom. CNN , Sports Illustrated and NBC News shed employees in early 2024. The New York Times reported that Americans were suffering from “news fatigue” due to coverage of major news stories like

640-535: The wire services , in radio , or for news magazines . Heywood Hale Broun Broun was educated at Hessian Hills School and other private schools and Swarthmore College near Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . In 1940, Broun joined the staff at the New York tabloid PM as a sportswriter . His career was interrupted by World War II in which he served in the United States Army field artillery . When

680-490: The CBS legal drama, The Defenders , starring E. G. Marshall . Broun had a cameo appearance as himself in the 1969 movie Some Kind of a Nut , starring Dick Van Dyke . Broun hosted The Literary Guild's First Edition , a nationally syndicated radio show devoted to authors and books, produced by Cinema Sound Ltd., New York beginning in 1973. A later version of the show, Broun on Books was sponsored by Mobil . Over 200 episodes of

720-664: The Mexico City and Munich Olympics where he reported on important world events like the " Black Power salute " of the American sprinters John Carlos and Tommy Smith at the playing of the National Anthem in 1968 and the terrorist attack on the Israeli wrestling team in 1972. However, in between the "big stories," he filed pieces from the national marbles championship in Wildwood, New Jersey,

760-754: The category "reporters, correspondents and broadcast news analysts" will decline 9 percent between 2016 and 2026. A worldwide sample of 27,500 journalists in 67 countries in 2012–2016 produced the following profile: In 2019 the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism Digital News Report described the future for journalists in South Africa as “grim” because of low online revenue and plummeting advertising. In 2020 Reporters Without Borders secretary general Christophe Deloire said journalists in developing countries were suffering political interference because

800-520: The country reportedly go unsolved. Bulgarian Victoria Marinova was beaten, raped and strangled. Saudi Arabian dissident Jamal Khashoggi was killed inside Saudi Arabia's consulate in Istanbul. From 2008 to 2019, Freedom Forum 's now-defunct Newseum in Washington, D.C. featured a Journalists Memorial which honored several thousand journalists around the world who had died or were killed while reporting

840-579: The form of a targeted sexual violation, often in reprisal for their work. Mob-related sexual violence aimed against journalists covering public events; or the sexual abuse of journalists in detention or captivity. Many of these crimes are not reported as a result of powerful cultural and professional stigmas. Increasingly, journalists (particularly women) are abused and harassed online, via hate speech , cyber-bullying , cyber-stalking , doxing, trolling, public shaming , intimidation and threats. According to Reporters Without Borders ' 2018 annual report, it

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880-496: The fourth estate being driven by the fifth estate of public relations. Journalists can face violence and intimidation for exercising their fundamental right to freedom of expression . The range of threats they are confronted with include murder, kidnapping , hostage-taking, offline and online harassment, intimidation , enforced disappearances, arbitrary detention and torture. Women in journalism also face specific dangers and are especially vulnerable to sexual assault, whether in

920-404: The largest number of currently-imprisoned journalists are Turkey (95), China (34), Iran (34), Eritrea (17), Burma (13), Uzbekistan (6), Vietnam (5), Cuba (4), Ethiopia (4) and Sudan (3). Apart from physical harm, journalists are harmed psychologically. This applies especially to war reporters, but their editorial offices at home often do not know how to deal appropriately with

960-922: The national lefthanded golfers championship in Galesburg, Illinois and a profile of a rodeo clown in Cheyenne, Wyoming. Broun also took a lap in a racing sports car with Britain's Stirling Moss , showed up as the coxswain of the Harvard crew as they prepared for their annual battle on the Thames River in New London, Connecticut, with arch-rival Yale, and was run over by a wild horse at the American Indian rodeo in Oregon, after which he tracked down an American original, "Buckskin Bill" Hart , who

1000-835: The news. After the Newseum closed in December 2019, supporters of freedom of the press persuaded the United States Congress in December 2020 to authorize the construction of a memorial to fallen journalists on public land with private funds. By May 2023, the Fallen Journalists Memorial Foundation had begun the design of the memorial. In the US, nearly all journalists have attended university, but only about half majored in journalism. Journalists who work in television or for newspapers are more likely to have studied journalism in college than journalists working for

1040-606: The reporters they expose to danger. Hence, a systematic and sustainable way of psychological support for traumatized journalists is strongly needed. Few and fragmented support programs exist so far. On 8 August 2023, Iran's Journalists' Day, Tehran Journalists' Association head Akbar Montajabi noted over 100 journalists arrested amid protests, while HamMihan newspaper exposed repression against 76 media workers since September 2022 following Mahsa Amini's death-triggered mass protests, leading to legal consequences for journalists including Niloufar Hamedi and Elaheh. The relationship between

1080-436: The roles they play in the process. These include reporters, correspondents , citizen journalists , editors , editorial writers , columnists and photojournalists . A reporter is a type of journalist who researches , writes and reports on information in order to present using sources . This may entail conducting interviews , information-gathering and/or writing articles. Reporters may split their time between working in

1120-528: The series back in reruns, which continue to air sporadically on the network. "Sports do not build character. They reveal it." - Heywood Hale Broun Broun acted in a number of films, including: Additionally, he sometimes appeared on television series in guest or supporting roles. In 1952 and 1957, Broun was cast in two episodes of the anthology series , Robert Montgomery Presents . From 1955 to 1957, he guest starred in three episodes of The Phil Silvers Show , also known as You'll Never Get Rich . Broun

1160-513: The source often leads, but journalists commonly object to this notion for two reasons: The dance metaphor goes on to state: A relationship with sources that is too cozy is potentially compromising of journalists' integrity and risks becoming collusive. Journalists have typically favored a more robust, conflict model, based on a crucial assumption that if the media are to function as watchdogs of powerful economic and political interests, journalists must establish their independence of sources or risk

1200-532: The time or access to information to research themselves, then communicating an accurate and understandable version to the public as a teacher and policy advisor. In his best-known books, Public Opinion (1922) and The Phantom Public (1925), Lippmann argued that most people lacked the capacity, time and motivation to follow and analyze news of the many complex policy questions that troubled society. Nor did they often experience most social problems or directly access expert insights. These limitations were made worse by

1240-485: The underdog. He believed that journalists could help right wrongs, especially social ills. Broun was born in Brooklyn , the third of four children born to Heywood C. Broun and Henrietta Marie (née Brose) Broun. Broun attended Harvard University , but did not earn a degree. He began his professional career writing baseball stories in the sports section of the New York Morning Telegraph . Broun worked at

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1280-549: The war ended he returned to the PM newspaper and wrote for its successor, the New York Star , which ceased operations in 1949. Woodie was married to Jane Lloyd Jones, and they had one son, Heywood Orren Broun, known as Hob , a novelist, who predeceased his parents in 1987. Broun appeared in thirteen Broadway productions from 1949 through 1967, including "Take Her, She's Mine", "Send Me No Flowers", and "Bells Are Ringing". In 1966, Broun

1320-559: Was a member of the famed Algonquin Round Table from 1919 to 1929. His usually disheveled appearance led to him being likened to "an unmade bed." He was also close friends with the Marx Brothers , and attended their show The Cocoanuts more than 20 times. Broun joked that his tombstone would read, "killed by getting in the way of some scene shifters at a Marx Brothers show." In November 1933, Ruth Hale divorced Broun. In 1935, he married

1360-506: Was cast in 1962 and 1963 in different character roles in five episodes of the NBC police sitcom , Car 54, Where Are You? , starring Joe E. Ross and Fred Gwynne . He subsequently appeared twice on the ABC sitcom, The Patty Duke Show , as Mr. Mickel in "The Babysitters" (1963) and as Mr. Fleming in "This Little Patty Went to Market" (1964). He appeared in 1965 as Charles Kane in "The Sworn Twelve" of

1400-497: Was featured as "The Man About Town of Broadway." Sponsored by Macy's , the program also included musicians and minstrels. In 1938, Broun helped found the weekly tabloid Connecticut Nutmeg , soon renamed Broun's Nutmeg . In 1915, Broun met Russian ballerina Lydia Lopokova and they quickly became engaged. She broke off the relationship to rejoin the Ballets Russes in 1916. On June 7, 1917, Broun married writer-editor Ruth Hale ,

1440-625: Was hired by CBS , where he began working, as a color commentator, for the Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing alongside Jack Whitaker , staying, for two decades, for a wide variety of sporting events. Along with his long-time producer E. S. "Bud" Lamoreaux, he became a permanent fixture from the initial broadcast in January 1966 of the Saturday edition of the CBS Evening News with Roger Mudd . Broun

1480-586: Was living a hermit's life at the confluence of the Salmon River and Wildhorse Creek, somewhere near a remote dude ranch in Mackey Bar, Idaho. In 2002, ESPN Classic debuted a series devoted to Broun's reporting, titled Woodie's World . The 30 minute program typically featured four stories from Broun's Saturday featurettes with current information inserted as needed. Woodie's World ran for 36 episodes from 2002 through 2005. Beginning in 2009, ESPN Classic brought

1520-764: Was noted for his "merry mustache, his loud jackets and his suitcase full of words, oh what words," as Lamoreaux later put it in a retrospective of Broun's work that appeared in a series of 36 half-hour shows on ESPN called Woodie's World . Broun's five-minute Saturday night features on CBS were about the big stories and the not so little ones. Starting with Lombardi and Namath in Super Bowls I and III, moving on to Ali and Frazier, along with DiMaggio and Ted Williams and "the Miracle Mets," and Russell and Cousy and Wilt Chamberlain , and Nicklaus and Secretariat and Ruffian , Broun also contributed some distinguished reporting from

1560-491: Was the worst year on record for deadly violence and abuse toward journalists; there was a 15 percent increase in such killings since 2017, with 80 killed, 348 imprisoned and 60 held hostage. Yaser Murtaja was shot by an Israeli army sniper. Rubén Pat was gunned down outside a beach bar in Mexico. Mexico was described by Reporters Without Borders as "one of world's deadliest countries for the media"; 90% of attacks on journalists in

1600-473: Was then picked up by the New York Post . Broun's only column appeared in that paper two days before his death. As a drama critic, in 1917 Broun wrote about actor Geoffrey C. Stein in the controversial play The Awakening of Spring : "[...] Geoffrey Stein gave a ludicrously inadequate performance in the important role of Melchior. It was easily the worst performance we have ever seen on any stage." Stein sued

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