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46-514: In November 1481 Ayas, an Ottoman general, attacked Novi and captured it probably at the end of January 1482. The sanjak was established between 1483 and 1485. In 1485, Novi was established as a kadiluk of the sanjak of Herzegovina. In 1572, the seat of the sanjak was moved from Foča to Pljevlja . The Banat Uprising (1594) had been aided by Serbian Orthodox metropolitans Rufim Njeguš of Cetinje and Visarion of Trebinje (s. 1590–1602). In 1596 revolts spread into Ottoman Montenegro and

92-642: A Latin character-based Montenegrin alphabet go back to at least World War I , when a newspaper was published in Cetinje using both Latin and Cyrillic characters. The Montenegrin Latin alphabet ( Montenegrin : crnogorska latinica / црногорска латиница, crnogorska abeceda / црногорска абецеда or crnogorski alfabet / црногорски алфабет) is used for writing the Montenegrin language in Latin script . It uses most letters of

138-556: A two-lane motorway that extends for the length of the Montenegrin coast, goes through Herceg Novi before it merges with the Croatian road network at the Debeli Brijeg border crossing. The ferry operates on the Kamenari – Lepetane line at Verige Strait, eliminating the need to go all the way around Boka Kotorska bay in order to reach Tivat, Kotor, Budva and inland Montenegro. Tivat Airport

184-548: Is 23 km (14 mi) away (via the ferry). There are regular flights to Belgrade and Zürich, and dozens of charter planes land daily on Tivat airport during the summer season. Dubrovnik Airport in Croatia is some 30 km (19 mi) away, and it maintains regular flights to many European destinations. The area of the Bay of Kotor has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen climate classification : Cfa ) with significantly more rain in

230-568: Is the administrative center of the Herceg Novi Municipality with around 33,000 inhabitants. The town was founded as a fortress in 1382 by the King of Bosnia, Tvrtko I Kotromanić , and named after Saint Stephen but the name did not stick, instead it became known as Novi ( transl.  New ), also Castelnuovo in Italian ( transl.  New Castle ). Between 1482 and 1687 it was part of

276-562: Is the official Cyrillic script of the Montenegrin language . It is used in parallel with the Latin script. Its first version was developed by Vojislav Nikčević in the 1970s who was a dissident of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and considered Montenegrin speech to be unique and deserving of consideration as a separate language from Serbo-Croatian. The modern version was brought into official use in early 2009 by

322-583: Is well known as a spa and health center; nearby Igalo has an abundance of healing sea mud called "igaljsko blato" (Igalo mud) and mineral springs called "igaljske slatine" (Igalo springs). The most famous tourist attractions in Herceg Novi are castle Forte Mare built by the Bosnian king Tvrtko I in 1382, a clock tower built by Austrians in the 19th century, the Kanli tower built by Turks. Other famous attractions include

368-554: The ISO basic Latin alphabet , with the exception of Q , W , X and Y , only used for writing common words or proper names directly borrowed from foreign languages. Montenegrin Latin is based on Gaj's Latin alphabet , with the addition of the two letters Ś and Ź, to replace the pairs SJ and ZJ (so anachronistically considered as digraphs). С́ and З́, and could also be represented in the original alphabets as sj and zj , and сj and зj, respectively. Because these two glyphs already exist in

414-629: The Ottoman Empire and then from 1687 to 1797 the Albania Veneta of the Republic of Venice . It was a Catholic bishopric and remains a Latin titular see as Novi. Herceg Novi has had a turbulent past, despite being one of the youngest settlements on the Adriatic . A history of varied occupations has created a blend of diverse and picturesque architectural styles in the city. Tvrtko I of Bosnia founded

460-668: The People's Republic of Montenegro . On 8 April 1970, following the USSR vs. Rest of the World 'Match of the Century' hosted in Belgrade , Yugoslavia, a blitz chess tournament was held in Herceg Novi, featuring four World Champions, the field was considered the strongest of any blitz tournament in modern chess history. It once was a Catholic bishopric, but no residential incumbent data are available. In 1933

506-538: The Polish alphabet , but must be created in Cyrillic by using combining characters, it provides an additional incentive to prefer Latin over Cyrillic. It also uses some Latin extended letters, composed with a basic Latin letter and one of two combining accents (the acute accent or caron , over C , S , and Z ), and a supplementary base consonant Đ : they are needed to note additional phonetic distinctions (notably to preserve

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552-524: The Prince-Bishop of Montenegro to turn over the territory to Austrian administration on 11 June. After Herceg Novi was retaken, as well as the rest of the bay, it became part of the Dalmatian crownland . The bay was under Austro-Hungarian control until 1918. In 1900, the two names ERZEG NOVI and CASTELNUOVO PRESSO CATTARO were used in bilingual cancellations. The Kingdom of Montenegro attempted to retake

598-539: The Serbian Cyrillic and Gaj's Latin alphabets in use at the time. Although the Latin and Cyrillic alphabets enjoy equal status under the Constitution of Montenegro , the government and proponents of the Montenegrin language prefer to use the Latin script ; it is also much more widely used in all aspects of the day-to-day written communication in the country, in education, advertising and media. Efforts to create

644-518: The Vatican : The Herceg Novi municipality stretches from Prevlaka to the Verige strait. An almost unbroken string of towns lie along this strip of coast, accommodating the municipality's 30,864 (2011 census) residents. Source: Statistical Office of Montenegro - MONSTAT, Census 2011 Source: Statistical Office of Montenegro - MONSTAT, Census 2011 Herceg Novi is a major Montenegrin tourist destination. It

690-517: The War of Chioggia , which erupted between the old-time rival Republics of Venice and Genoa in 1378 will, as a result, find himself pressured by the circumstances of failure to seize Kotor , the damage to the Bosnian economy from the Ragusan embargo, and the need for easy access to maritime trade. This and the fact that Bosansko Primorje had no significant port led Tvrtko to found the youngest medieval town on

736-706: The 7th century AD. During these times the small settlement was part of Byzantine-held Dračevica district, which in turn later belonged to the Principality of Travunija . During the 10th century, Dračevica came under the control of various Dioclean/Zetan dukes, who were in turn incorporated into Kingdom of Serbia ruled by the Nemanjić dynasty . After the death of Emperor Stefan Dušan , the Serbian Empire began to fracture into smaller principalities and districts, with Dračevica being administered by duke Vojislav Vojinović . After

782-563: The Bay of Kotor during World War I , it was bombarded from Lovćen , but by 1916 Austria-Hungary defeated Montenegro. On 7 November 1918, the Serbian Army entered the bay and were greeted by the people as Slavic liberators. The bay later became a part of the self-proclaimed State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs . Within a month, this region united with Serbia as part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes , renamed to Yugoslavia in 1929. The bay

828-612: The Empire. In 1831, Bosnian kapudan Husein Gradaščević occupied Travnik , demanding autonomy and the end of military reforms in Bosnia. Ultimately, exploiting the rivalries between beys and kapudans, the grand vizier succeeded in detaching the Herzegovinian forces, led by Ali-paša Rizvanbegović , from Gradaščević's. The revolt was crushed, and in 1833, a new Herzegovina Eyalet was created from

874-723: The Ottomans but were defeated on the Gacko Field in 1597 (see Serb Uprising of 1596–97 ). However, Grdan and Patriarch Jovan would continue to plan revolts against the Ottomans in the coming years. In 1737, Bogić Vučković and his brothers organized an uprising in Herzegovina during the Austro-Turkish War (1737–39) . At the beginning of the 19th century, the Bosnia Eyalet was one of the least developed and more autonomous provinces of

920-759: The Principalities of Montenegro and Serbia , whose governments eventually jointly declared war on the Ottomans on 18 June 1876, leading to the Serbo-Turkish War (1876–78) and Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1876–78) , which in turn led to the Russo-Turkish War (1877–78) and Great Eastern Crisis . A result of the uprisings and wars was the Berlin Congress in 1878, which gave Montenegro and Serbia independence and territorial expansion, while Austro-Hungary occupied Bosnia and Herzegovina for 30 years, while it still

966-896: The Vranjaj cavern imply that the area was populated during the Neolithic and early Bronze Age . In the 3rd century BC, after their victory over the Illyrians , the area was ruled by the Roman Republic . After the split of the Roman Empire , the area fell under the rule of the Western Roman Empire . After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the area was dominated by the Byzantine Empire . Slavic tribes began inhabiting these lands during

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1012-417: The average daily temperature fluctuation is only 4 °C (7.2 °F). Average temperature from May to September is about 25 °C (77 °F), and the average summer sea temperature is rather high, between 22 and 26 °C (72 and 79 °F). The annual average precipitation is 1,930 mm (76.0 in). Relative air humidity is at its highest level, 80%, in the fall. Its lowest level, 63%, comes in

1058-412: The city was captured by the Republic of Venice under Girolamo Corner , and included it into Albania Veneta , an administrative unit on the territory of present-day coastal Montenegro. In Venice, the city was known as Castelnuovo. The Venetians refortified the old town walls and towers and reinforced the fortress with a Citadella tower (destroyed in an earthquake in 1979). On 24 August 1798, Herceg Novi

1104-470: The city. The city was part of Dalmatia until 14 October 1809, when it was annexed to the newly created Illyrian Provinces . Herceg Novi, as well as the rest of the Bay of Kotor, was overtaken by Montenegrin forces in 1813. It was under control of a temporary government based in Dobrota between 11 September 1813 and 10 June 1814, which was supported by Montenegro . The appearance of Austrian forces in 1814 caused

1150-717: The diocese was nominally restored by establishing in the Latin Church of the Catholic Church a titular bishopric of Novi (in Dalmatia ), listed as suffragan of the Archdiocese of Doclea (which in Classical times controlled its region in the Roman province of Dalmatia Superior ). The following individuals held the titular bishopric. They were either auxiliary bishops or officials of

1196-588: The distinctions that are present in the Cyrillic script with which the Montenegrin language has also long been written, when it was still unified in the former Yugoslavia within the written Serbo-Croatian language). The alphabet also includes some digraphs built from the previous characters (that are considered as single letters for collation purpose): Dž , Nj , and Lj . The Montenegrin Cyrillic alphabet ( Montenegrin : црногорска ћирилица / crnogorska ćirilica or црногорска азбука / crnogorska azbuka )

1242-479: The eastern Adriatic coast. In early 1382, Tvrtko constructed a new fortress in the Bay of Kotor on the place of a small fishing village and decided that it should form the basis of a new salt trading center. Initially named after Saint Stephen , the city immediately came to be known as Novi (meaning "new"). After the death of Tvrtko, Duke Sandalj Hranić of the Hum lords, Kosačas , acquired Novi . During his reign,

1288-433: The former mayor, Mirko Komnenović (1870–1941), and his wife Olga, is at least 150 years old. The City library contains at least 30,000 volumes. Among the contributors to this collection are Dušan Petković (5,000 books), Veljka Radojević (1,500), Doklestić, Daljev, Lučić, Subotić and others. Herceg Novi or Igalo is usually the final destination of buses that come from inland Montenegro and Serbia . The Adriatic Motorway ,

1334-571: The fortress of Stari Grad (Old Town) and in the Forte Mare fortress. The Herceg Novi City Archive was returned in 1956 the Archive to Herceg Novi after being temporarily relocated to Zadar , Croatia. The Archive was relocated to Zadar by Italians during the Second World War . The original archive building, built in 1885, suffered severe damage from the 1979 earthquake. Shortly afterward, the building

1380-559: The name Novi , which gave it the current name of Herceg Novi . In Montenegrin , the town is known as Herceg Novi or Херцег Нови; in Italian as Castelnuovo ; and in Greek as Neòkastron (Νεοκαστρον), Turkish as Kala-i Novi, all meaning 'new castle'. The name Herceg Novi, in its modern form, was first mentioned in a Turkish document in 1726. Archeological findings from the Luštica peninsula and

1426-496: The neighbouring tribes in Herzegovina, especially under influence of Metropolitan Visarion. A Ragusan document from the beginning of 1596 claims that many Herzegovinian chieftains with the metropolitan gathered in the Trebjesa Monastery where they swore oath "to give up and donate 20,000 heroes to the emperors' light." In 1596, Grdan , vojvoda of Nikšić , and Serbian Patriarch Jovan Kantul (s. 1592–1614) led rebels against

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1472-542: The rulership of Vojinović, the area, along with most of modern Montenegro, came under the rule of the Balšić noble family . Bosnia could not make economical use of Bosansko Primorje , as its share of the Adriatic coast from the river Neretva to the Bay of Kotor lacked any major settlements. In the second half of the 14th century area in Bay of Kotor also became part of the Kingdom of Bosnia . The Bosnian king, Tvrtko , embroiled in

1518-521: The southern part of the Bosnia Eyalet and given to Rizvanbegović as a reward for his contribution in crushing the uprising. This new entity lasted only for a few years, being re-integrated into the Bosnia Eyalet after Rizvanbegović's death (1851). In March 1852, Ottoman general Omar Pasha decided to disarm the Herzegovinians, which sparked an outrage in the region. The chieftain of the Herzegovinians

1564-531: The summer. Herceg Novi is twinned with: Montenegrin Cyrillic alphabet The Montenegrin alphabet is the collective name given to " Abeceda " ( Montenegrin Latin alphabet ; Абецеда in Cyrillic ) and " Азбука " ( Montenegrin Cyrillic alphabet ; Azbuka in Latin ), the writing systems used to write the Montenegrin language . It was adopted on 9 June 2009 by the Montenegrin Minister of Education, Sreten Škuletić and replaced

1610-524: The town and named it after Saint Stephen , the name that from the beginning gave way to a name Novi , which literally translates to "New", as in Newtown; also known as Castelnuovo in Italian, New Castle in English. Later town came to Kosača possession and become their winter seat. During this era, the town was renamed again by adding Stjepan 's title herceg (Serbo-Croatian pronunciation of German herzog ) to

1656-399: The town picked up trading salt. When Hranić died, his nephew, Duke Stjepan Vukčić Kosača inherited it. During his reign, the town grew in importance and became Stjepan's winter seat, getting a new name in the process: Herceg Novi. The Ottomans conquered Herceg Novi before 14 December 1481, and ruled for 200 years. The Ottomans built Kanli Tower on the upper edge of the city. However, there

1702-533: The town. Popular Luštica peninsula beach sites include Žanjic , Mirište and Rose . Herceg Novi accounted for one-third of overnight stays in Montenegro before the Yugoslav wars , but the situation has changed since in favour of Budva , Kotor and other resorts. Local bus station will charge doubtfully legal fee of €2 for entering its platform with printed e-ticket. "JUK Herceg-Fest" This cultural events center

1748-696: The various ancient Serbian Orthodox churches and monasteries , which include the Church of St. Ilija, the Church of Preobraženja, the Church of St. Đorđa, the Church of the Holy Salvation (St. Spas), the Church of St. Archangel Michael, and the Savina Monastery . Whilst the city itself is not a major destination for sunbathing , with no long sandy beaches along the rest of the Bay of Kotor, many beaches are reachable by boat . Tourist companies organise one-day boat trips to Luštica peninsula, which lies opposite to

1794-511: The winter than in the summer. Herceg Novi has a specific microclimate, which is a result of southern exposition, proximity to the sea, limestone substratum and mountainous hinterland which prevents the breakthrough of cold air masses. Herceg Novi has approximately 200 sunny days a year. In July and August there are approximately 11 sunny hours per day. Average annual temperature is 16.2 °C (61.2 °F) (similar to that of Naples and Lisbon ). There are frequent slight temperature oscillations;

1840-452: Was Luka Vukalović . The refusal of giving up arms resulted in minor fights between Herzegovinians and Turks (local Slavic Muslims), which in turn resulted in an uprising, which Vukalović would lead . In 1875, an uprising broke out in Herzegovina, led by local Serbs against their Ottoman Bosnian lords who treated them harshly and ignored the new reforms announced by Sultan Abdülmecid I . The rebels were aided with weapons and volunteers from

1886-564: Was de jure Ottoman territory. The Austro-Hungarian occupation and Montenegrin expansion of Old Herzegovina marks the end of the Sanjak of Herzegovina. Herceg Novi Herceg Novi ( Montenegrin Cyrillic : Херцег Нови , pronounced [xěrtseɡ nôviː] ) is a town in Coastal region of Montenegro located at the Western entrance to the Bay of Kotor and at the foot of Mount Orjen . It

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1932-567: Was a municipality of Dalmatia until it was, like all historic entities, abolished in 1922. It was incorporated into the Zeta Oblast (province), from 1929 style Zeta Banate . Herceg Novi was annexed by Mussolini's fascist Italy during World War II in 1941. It became a part of the province of Cattaro. Herceg Novi was later retaken by Yugoslav Partisan forces on 10 September 1943. Within Tito's Communist reformed Yugoslavia , Herceg Novi became part of

1978-587: Was a short pause between 1538 and 1539 when it was held by the Spaniards before they were defeated in the Siege of Castelnuovo . In their brief overlordship, the Spanish built a Hispaniola fort above the city that is well-preserved today. Evliya Çelebi visits the Bay of Kotor and mentions Croats, Bosnians and Albanians (Arnauts) who live in the Herceg Novi. In 1608 an earthquake struck Herceg Novi and devastated it. In 1687,

2024-506: Was annexed by Habsburg Austria but was then ceded to Russia as per the Treaty of Pressburg on 26 December 1805. The Russians officially occupied Herceg Novi between 28 February 1806 and 12 August 1807. On 7 July 1807, Herceg Novi was ceded to Napoleon I Bonaparte 's French Empire as per the Treaty of Tilsit . Official French rule over Herceg Novi began on 12 August 1807, when the Russians left

2070-435: Was established on 24 February 1992. Two years later the cultural center joined with the "Orijen" movie distribution and production company. Together they have played a crucial role in enhancing the city's cultural life. Among many annual festivities are the mimosa celebration, local theatrical events, and a film and music fest. "The Operosa Opera Festival" takes place during the summer in the Kanli Kula amphitheater inside

2116-407: Was renovated. Today, the Archive is 700 m (7,535 sq ft) in size. The Archive features modern equipment and a library open to the public. The oldest document in the Archive originated in 1685. The library contains approximately 30,000 volumes and 1,000 periodicals. The Historical Museum was established in 1949 and officially opened in 1953. The museum building, a gift to the city from

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