102-484: Heron Island Research Station is a marine research station located on Heron Island , an island within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park , 80 km from Gladstone , off the coast of Queensland, Australia . It is located at the leeward end of a coral cay on a 10 x 5 kilometre platform reef. Although the island had been used as a turtle cannery in the 1920s, after this was abandoned, it was taken over as
204-545: A changeover in the leadership of the Great Barrier Reef Committee. Prof. Goddard also died suddenly on Heron Island in 1948, on the eve of his retirement from the University. He had intended to make the island his home and conduct marine biology research there. After Goddard's death, a fund was set up to establish a research station on Heron island in his honour and this objective was eventually fulfilled. In 1950,
306-543: A close relationship with Rockefeller University (also known as the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research) with many faculty holding overlapping positions between the institutions. The Sanitary Commission for the Eradication of Hookworm Disease was a Rockefeller-funded campaign from 1909 to 1914 to study and treat hookworm disease in 11 Southern states. Hookworm was known as the "germ of laziness". In 1913,
408-519: A fringing platform reef of significant biodiversity , supporting around 900 of the 1,500 fish species and 72% of the coral species found on the Great Barrier Reef. During the summer months Heron Island is also home to over 200,000 birds including Noddy Terns and Mutton Birds . The island is about 800 metres (2,600 feet) long and 300 metres (980 ft) at its widest, giving an area of approximately 16 hectares (40 acres). The highest point, near
510-610: A haven for scholars threatened by the Nazis. After World War II the foundation sent a team to West Germany to investigate how it could become involved in reconstructing the country. They focused on restoring democracy, especially regarding education and scientific research, with the long-term goal of reintegrating Germany into the Western world. The foundation also supported the early initiatives of Henry Kissinger , such as his directorship of Harvard's International Seminars (funded as well by
612-465: A large part of Senior's fortune was insulated from inheritance taxes. The first secretary of the foundation was Jerome Davis Greene , the former secretary of Harvard University , who wrote a "memorandum on principles and policies" for an early meeting of the trustees that established a rough framework for the foundation's work. It was initially located within the family office at Standard Oil 's headquarters at 26 Broadway , later (in 1933) shifting to
714-651: A project called "The Turtle Cooling Project" is being undertaken by scientists from the World Wildlife Fund Australia, University of Queensland , Deakin University and the Queensland Government. It is looking at the effect of global warming on northern green turtle breeding, in particular the effect of producing more male turtles owing to the higher temperatures. They are working in the area around Raine Island , Heron Island and Moulter Cay. A notable and much-studied invertebrate of Heron Island
816-541: A resort in the 1930s, by Captain Christian Poulsen. A number of researchers travelled to the island from the 1930s using the resort facilities. The island became a National Park in 1943, and following the end of World War II, saw the first groups of university students from the University of Queensland arrive. Today the island is divided into three sections - the resort, research station and National Park. The origins of
918-556: A state of the art climate change experimental facility was opened at the Research Station. Sir David Attenborough and Atlantic Productions filmed segments for the documentary, David Attenborough's Great Barrier Reef , at Heron Island Research Station in late 2014. The eastern half of the island is protected and forms part of the Capricornia Cays National Park , with a permanent ranger's station onsite. There
1020-555: A wide variety of research undertaken on coral reef ecology. Heron Island Research Station suffered a large fire on Friday, 30 March 2007. No one was injured. In June 2008 the new student accommodation, comprising 80 beds, was officially opened and used for the first time by Tropical Marine Network students [2] . The teaching laboratories and new research building with 9 research labs, library, darkroom , computer room and aquaria deck were officially reopened in February 2009. [3] In 2010,
1122-499: Is Cerithium moniliferum , a small marine snail . These animals will form large groups as the tide recedes. Feeding on beach rock at a specific height over the average low tide level, the snails slowly move about in their clusters, preserving the precious moisture that allows them to breathe overwater. Mosquitos and other biting insects are rare on the island. However, diseases such as avian malaria and avian pox, which are carried by biting mosquitoes have been found in low numbers in
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#17329315280881224-572: Is a pilot grant program that is overseen by the Lincoln Center . The grants are to be used towards art and cultural opportunities in the underserved areas of Brooklyn and the South Bronx with three overarching goals. The Rockefeller Foundation supported the art scene in Haiti in 1948 and a literacy project with UNESCO . Rusk was involved with funding the humanities and the social sciences during
1326-402: Is a small man-made channel and wooden jetty on the western shore of the island, where the daily catamaran launch from Gladstone docks and supplies to the island are delivered. The rusted wreck of HMCS Protector lies at the entrance to the channel, and was towed to there in 1945 to form a breakwater for visiting vessels. The island has no fresh water supply. A small desalination plant on
1428-442: Is found on the island. Though even these small rats are known to harm island birds, this is insignificant on islands so close to a continent; while the rats probably feed on eggs and nestlings , they do not threaten the breeding bird populations as a whole. Heron Island is also a major nesting site for green ( Chelonia mydas ) and Indopacific loggerhead sea turtles ( Caretta caretta gigas ). Around 98% of all turtles that nest on
1530-610: Is included on the Voyager Golden Record which was sent past the limits of our Solar System aboard the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 spacecraft. The photo of Heron Island was selected as one of the examples that portrayed the diversity of life and culture on Earth. Rockefeller Foundation The Rockefeller Foundation is an American private foundation and philanthropic medical research and arts funding organization based at 420 Fifth Avenue , New York City. The foundation
1632-458: Is known as Heron Island, about ninety miles to the northward of Bunker's Group. When the boat reached the vessel she was settled in a hollow in one of the reefs, the outer formation of the hollow acting as a breakwater against the seas. One side of the vessel was quite visible, and the new copper sheathing appeared uninjured. Captain Norris, who went down in charge of the boat, unbent the sails, so that
1734-571: Is no evidence of Indigenous presence or activity on Heron Island; it is over 65 km (35 nmi) from the Australian mainland. The island was discovered on 12 January 1843 by a Royal Navy expedition comprising the corvette HMS Fly and the cutter Bramble . The expedition, commanded by Captain Francis Blackwood , was engaged in surveying the eastern edge of the Great Barrier Reef to map out detailed plans for safe passages within
1836-466: Is only seen every now and then as a rare vagrant. Since 2003, a pair of white-bellied sea eagles ( Haliaeetus leucogaster ) have nested on Heron Island. However, in June 2019 the tree their nest sat in fell down killing the female. As of October 2019 the male has been seen with another adult but no nest has been built. At least one species of rat , probably the widespread polynesian rat ( Rattus exulans ),
1938-580: Is part of the Capricornia Cays Important Bird Area . The island's forest and surrounding dunes provide habitat for thousands of nesting seabirds , including the wedge-tailed shearwater (Ardenna pacifica) and the south-western black noddy ( Anous minutus minutus ), during the breeding season between October and April. Over 120,000 white-capped noddies nest on the island during this period. All-year resident and breeding on Heron Island are: Though other herons may occasionally visit
2040-574: Is readily accessible, but its heart is a dense tangle, interrupted only by a few trails. Some trees in the heart of the forest grow to 10–11 m, but most are just 6–8 m high. The understory is largely absent here, formed only by scattered Celtis paniculata , Ficus opposita and Pipturus argenteus with a height of 2–4 m; some Celtis also grow higher and emerge through the Pisonia canopy . Patches of shrubs – mainly Abutilon albescens , with Melanthera biflora (probably var. canescens ), and
2142-556: Is sometimes referred to as the " Villa Serbelloni ", the property bequeathed to the foundation in 1959 under the presidency of Dean Rusk (who was later to become U.S. President Kennedy 's secretary of state). The Bellagio Center operates both a conference center and a residency program . Numerous Nobel laureates , Pulitzer winners, National Book Award recipients, Prince Mahidol Award winners, and MacArthur fellows , as well as several acting and former heads of state and government, have been in residence at Bellagio. Agriculture
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#17329315280882244-418: Is the manjack Cordia subcordata of which few are found elsewhere on Heron Island; Pisonia trees are present but not dominant. The Abutilon – Euphorbia cyathophora – Melanthera scrub grows thick here. Scaevola and Heliotropium as well as patches of the dropseed grass Sporobolus virginicus occur at this forest's edge. The sea turtle nesting area is further east, making up the central part of
2346-605: The Central Intelligence Agency ) and the early foreign policy magazine Confluence , both established by him while he was still a graduate student. In 2021, Rajiv J. Shah , president of the Rockefeller Foundation, released a statement condemning eugenics and supporting the anti-eugenics movement. He stated that "[...]we commend the Anti-Eugenics Project for their essential work to understand[...]
2448-632: The China Medical Board , which established the first public health university in China, the Peking Union Medical College , in 1921; this was subsequently nationalized when the Communists took over the country in 1949. In the same year it began a program of international fellowships to train scholars at many of the world's universities at the post-doctoral level . The Foundation also maintained
2550-730: The Cold War period, including study of the Soviet Union . In July 2022, the Rockefeller Foundation granted $ 1m to the Wikimedia Foundation . The foundation also owns and operates the Bellagio Center in Bellagio, Italy . The center has several buildings, spread across a 50-acre (200,000 m ) property, on the peninsula between lakes Como and Lecco in Northern Italy . The center
2652-513: The GE Building (then RCA ), along with the newly named family office, Room 5600 , at Rockefeller Center ; later it moved to the Time-Life Building in the center, before shifting to its current Fifth Avenue address. In 1914, the trustees set up a new Department of Industrial Relations, inviting William Lyon Mackenzie King to head it. He became a close and key advisor to Junior through
2754-839: The International Rice Research Institute in the Philippines . Part of the original program, the funding of the IRRI was later taken over by the Ford Foundation. The International Rice Research Institute and the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center are part of a consortium of agricultural research organizations known as CGIAR . Costing around $ 600 million, over 50 years, the revolution brought new farming technology, increased productivity, expanded crop yields and mass fertilization to many countries throughout
2856-1135: The Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics , (also known as the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research ) which conducted eugenics experiments in Nazi Germany and influenced the development of Nazi racial scientific ideology. Rockefeller spent almost $ 3 million between 1925 and 1935, and also funded other German eugenicists, Herman Poll , Alfred Grotjahn , Eugen Fischer , and Hans Nachsteim , continuing even after Hitler's ascent to power in 1933; Rüdin's work influenced compulsory sterilisation in Nazi Germany . Josef Mengele worked as an assistant in Verschuer's lab, though Rockefeller executives did not know of Mengele and stopped funding that specific research before World War II started in 1939. The Rockefeller Foundation continued funding German eugenics research even after it
2958-610: The Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial (LSRM), established by Senior in 1918 and named after his wife, the Rockefeller fortune was for the first time directed to supporting research by social scientists. During its first few years of work, the LSRM awarded funds primarily to social workers, with its funding decisions guided primarily by Junior. In 1922, Beardsley Ruml was hired to direct the LSRM, and he most decisively shifted
3060-604: The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in the United Kingdom. they spent more than $ 25 million in developing other public health schools in the US and in 21 foreign countries. In 1913, it also began a 20-year support program of the Bureau of Social Hygiene , whose mission was research and education on birth control, maternal health and sex education. In 1914, the foundation set up
3162-514: The Ludlow Massacre , turning around his attitude to unions ; however the foundation's involvement in IR was criticized for advancing the family's business interests. The foundation henceforth confined itself to funding responsible organizations involved in this and other controversial fields, which were beyond the control of the foundation itself. Junior became the foundation chairman in 1917. Through
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3264-637: The OECD , the foundation provided $ 284 million for development in 2021. The foundation has given more than $ 14 billion in current dollars. The foundation has had an international reach since the 1930s and major influence on global non-governmental organizations . The World Health Organization is modeled on the International Health Division of the foundation, which sent doctors abroad to study and treat human subjects. The National Science Foundation and National Institute of Health are also modeled on
3366-469: The Pisonia forest, a band of open shrubland with some trees extends from the resort to the island's eastern tip. Octopus bush ( Heliotropium foertherianum ) and sea cabbage ( Scaevola taccada ) form the major bush cover, while Abutilon and Melanthera are the characteristic ground plants. The trees here are mainly Pandanus , but also Celtis , the she-oak Casuarina equisetifolia ssp. incana , Ficus , bay cedar ( Suriana maritima ). Herbs—mainly
3468-401: The humus as they dig their nesting burrows, and thus prevent the formation of Jemo soil, a phosphatic hardpan topped off by raw humus. The hardpan is formed by leaching of surface- or tree-nesting seabirds' guano in the absence of burrowing animals. Rich forests of Pisonia grandis dominate the centre and south of Heron Island. Towards the eastern and north-western ends, the forest
3570-419: The parasitic vine Cassytha filiformis as well as Euphorbia tannensis ssp. eremophila and grasses (mainly Pacific island thintail , Lepturus repens var. subulatus ) are abundant. The eastern end is marked by a similar habitat , with mainly Casuarina, Scaevola and Heliotropium . This type of vegetation, with some Pandanus in between, extends along the southern and northern dune ridges. On
3672-491: The 100 Resilient Cities program funded by the Rockefeller Foundation. In January 2016, the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development announced winners of its National Disaster Resilience Competition (NDRC), awarding three 100RC member cities – New York, NY ; Norfolk, VA ; and New Orleans, LA – with more than $ 437 million in disaster resilience funding. The grant was the largest ever received by
3774-696: The 1930s. Even into the 1950s, Rockefeller continued to provide some funding for research borne out of German eugenics. The foundation also funded the relocation of scholars threatened by the Nazis to America in the 1930s, known as the Refugee Scholar Program and the Emergency Committee in Aid of Displaced Foreign Scholars. Some of the notable figures relocated or saved, among a total of 303 scholars, were Thomas Mann , Claude Lévi-Strauss and Leó Szilárd . The foundation helped The New School provide
3876-827: The American Shakespeare Festival in Stratford, Connecticut , Arena Stage in Washington, D.C., Karamu House in Cleveland , and Lincoln Center in New York. The foundation underwrote Spike Lee 's documentary on New Orleans , When the Levees Broke . The film has been used as the basis for a curriculum on poverty, developed by the Teachers College at Columbia University for their students. The Cultural Innovation Fund
3978-643: The Caribbean including Italy , France , Venezuela , Mexico , and Puerto Rico , totaling fifty-two countries on six continents and twenty-nine islands. The first director was Wickliffe Rose , followed by F.F. Russell in 1923, Wilbur Sawyer in 1935, and George Strode in 1944. A number of notable physicians and field scientists worked on the international campaigns, including Lewis Hackett , Hideyo Noguchi , Juan Guiteras , George C. Payne , Livingston Farrand , Cornelius P. Rhoads , and William Bosworth Castle . In 1936, The Rockefeller Foundation received one of
4080-470: The Great Barrier Reef Committee, then under the supervision of Dr Edward Oswald (Ted) Marks (chairman), Dr Dorothy Hill (research secretary) and Dr O.A. Jones (treasurer), applied for a lease of a portion of the island to undertake scientific research. Secretary of the Committee, Dr Dorothy Hill was able to obtain materials to construct the first buildings for the new research facility on the southern end of
4182-572: The Great Barrier Reef with the support of the Queensland government. The results of the Yonge expedition, which yielded a number of reports were published by the British Museum of Natural History (now Natural History Museum ) and generated worldwide interest. In 1929, the Australian government was being lobbied to establish a marine institute or a number of research stations on the east coast of Australia. It
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4284-533: The Mexican Government and derail any possible communist infiltration, in order to protect the Rockefeller family's investments. By 1943, this program, under the foundation's Mexican Agriculture Project , had proved such a success with the science of corn propagation and general principles of agronomy that it was exported to other Latin American countries; in 1956, the program was then taken to India; again with
4386-558: The Moreton Bay Research Station (University of Queensland) at Dunwich on North Stradbroke Island . Full ownership of the Station was transferred to the University of Queensland from 1980. While facilities were fairly rudimentary, unlike other research stations around the world, it had the advantage of being metres from the reef it studied. Without the initial outlay of funding from the Great Barrier Reef Committee in setting up
4488-452: The School of Zoology at the University of Queensland had been recommending the establishment of a marine biology research station in Queensland since his arrival at the University in 1923. A number of islands were proposed for such a station including Palm or Dunk Island in 1929. The Great Barrier Reef Committee and the University had reservations about establishing a research station because of
4590-498: The Station from 1973-1981 to conduct preliminary research and examination of drugs derived from marine organisms, and they later donated all their equipment to the Station in 1981 when they closed their Australian operations. Other marine biology stations opened in Queensland as well - Lizard Island (run by the Australian Museum ), Orpheus Island ( James Cook University ) and One Tree Island ( University of Sydney ), as well as
4692-663: The center of all our work: [...] confronting the hateful legacies of the past [...] we understand that the work we engage in today does not absolve us of yesterday's mistakes. [...]" Although the United States never joined the League of Nations , the Rockefeller Foundation was involved, and by the 1930s the foundations had changed the League from a "Parliament of Nations" to a modern think tank that used specialized expertise to provide in-depth impartial analysis of international issues. After
4794-461: The city of Norfolk. In April 2019, it was announced that the foundation would no longer be funding the 100 Resilient Cities program as a whole. Some elements of the initiative's work, most prominently the funding of several cities' Chief Resilience Officer roles, continues to be managed and funded by the Rockefeller Foundation, while other aspects of the program continue in the form of two independent organizations, Resilient Cities Catalyst (RCC) and
4896-578: The direct family link and becoming the sixth family member to serve on the board. C. Douglas Dillon , the United States Secretary of the Treasury under both Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson , served as chairman of the foundation. Stock in the family's oil companies had been a major part of the foundation's assets, beginning with Standard Oil and later with its corporate descendants, including ExxonMobil . In December 2020,
4998-418: The dune slopes, Boerhavia repens , Commicarpus chinensis var. chinensis (or Commicarpus australis ?), the searocket Cakile edentula , yet another Euphorbia (probably Euphorbia sparrmanii ), and kuroiwa grass ( Thuarea involuta ) are common. East of the resort in the north-western part of Heron Island there is another type of forest, more open than the central wood. The main tree here
5100-754: The eugenics movement. The Rockefeller Foundation, along with the Carnegie Institution , was the primary financier for the Eugenics Record Office , until 1939. The foundation also provided grants to Margaret Sanger and Alexis Carrel , who supported birth control, compulsory sterilization and eugenics . Sanger went to Japan in 1922 and influenced the birth control movement there. By 1926, Rockefeller had donated over $ 400,000, which would be almost $ 4 million adjusted for inflation in 2003, to hundreds of German researchers, including Ernst Rüdin and Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer , through funding
5202-550: The first awarded Walter Reed Medals from The American Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene to recognize its study and control of Yellow Fever . The World Health Organization , seen as a successor to the IHD, was formed in 1948, and the IHD was subsumed by the larger Rockefeller Foundation in 1951, discontinuing its overseas work. While the Rockefeller doctors working in tropical locales such as Mexico emphasized scientific neutrality, they had political and economic aims to promote
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#17329315280885304-488: The focus of Rockefeller philanthropy into the social sciences , stimulating the founding of university research centers, and creating the Social Science Research Council . In January 1929, LSRM funds were folded into the Rockefeller Foundation, in a major reorganization. The Rockefeller family helped lead the foundation in its early years, but later limited itself to one or two representatives, to maintain
5406-526: The foundation expanded its work with the Sanitary Commission abroad and set up the International Health Division (also known as International Health Board), which began the foundation's first international public health activities. The International Health Division conducted campaigns in public health and sanitation against malaria , yellow fever , and hookworm in areas throughout Europe, Latin America and
5508-578: The foundation granted $ 100000 to the Institute for Psychoanalysis in Chicago. This grant was renewed in 1938, with payments extending into the early-1940s. This division funded women's contraception and the human reproductive system in general, but also was involved in funding controversial eugenics research. Other funding went into endocrinology departments in American universities, human heredity, mammalian biology, human physiology and anatomy, psychology , and
5610-425: The foundation pledged to dump their fossil fuel holdings. With a $ 5 billion endowment, the Rockefeller Foundation was "the largest US foundation to embrace the rapidly growing divestment movement." CNN writer Matt Egan noted, "This divestment is especially symbolic because the Rockefeller Foundation was founded by oil money." Public health , health aid , and medical research are the most prominent areas of work of
5712-432: The foundation's independence and avoid charges of undue family influence. These representatives have included the former president John D. Rockefeller III , and then his son John D. Rockefeller, IV , who gave up the trusteeship in 1981. In 1989, David Rockefeller 's daughter, Peggy Dulany , was appointed to the board for a five-year term. In October 2006, David Rockefeller Jr. joined the board of trustees, re-establishing
5814-580: The foundation's president committed to reckoning with their history, and to centering equity and inclusion. John D. Rockefeller Sr. first conceived the idea of the foundation in 1901. In 1906, Rockefeller's business and philanthropic advisor, Frederick Taylor Gates , encouraged him toward "permanent corporate philanthropies for the good of Mankind" so that his heirs should not "dissipate their inheritances or become intoxicated with power." In 1909 Rockefeller signed over 73,000 Standard Oil shares worth $ 50 million, to his son, Gates and Harold Fowler McCormick as
5916-641: The foundation. On December 5, 1913, the Board made its first grant of $ 100,000 to the American Red Cross to purchase property for its headquarters in Washington, D.C. The foundation established the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health and Harvard School of Public Health , two of the first such institutions in the United States, and established the School of Hygiene at the University of Toronto in 1927, and
6018-472: The geopolitical imperative of providing an antidote to communism. It wasn't until 1959 that senior foundation officials succeeded in getting the Ford Foundation (and later USAID , and later still, the World Bank ) to sign on to the major philanthropic project, known now to the world as the Green Revolution . It was originally conceived in 1943 as CIMMYT , the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center in Mexico. It also provided significant funding for
6120-403: The harmful legacies of eugenicist ideologies. [...] examine the role that philanthropies played in developing and perpetuating eugenics policies and practices. The Rockefeller Foundation is currently reckoning with our own history in relation to eugenics. This requires uncovering the facts and confronting uncomfortable truths, [...] The Rockefeller Foundation is putting equity and inclusion at
6222-417: The identification of human viruses, techniques for virus identification, and arthropod -borne viruses. Bristol-Myers Squibb , Johns Hopkins University and the Rockefeller Foundation are currently the subject of a $ 1 billion lawsuit from Guatemala for "roles in a 1940s U.S. government experiment that infected hundreds of Guatemalans with syphilis ". A previous suit against the United States government
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#17329315280886324-406: The introduced wild poinsettia ( Euphorbia cyathophora ) – are found here and there. Herbaceous plants are scarce here, mainly consisting of the grass Stenotaphrum micranthum . The more open forest is composed of much the same plants, but the Pisonia does not predominate as much. A few Pandanus tectorius screwpines are also found here, and the understory is far more prominent. North of
6426-464: The island are green turtles, and only 2% of them will be loggerheads. The Indopacific hawksbill sea turtle ( Eretmochelys imbricata bissa ) has been seen on the reef but does not breed on the island. Other marine life includes the inhabitants of the coral reef, and around early October, cetaceans (e.g. humpback whales , Megaptera novaeangliae ) pass Heron Island on their migration to their summer quarters in subantarctic waters. As of June 2020 ,
6528-413: The island in 1951, with construction starting in 1952. Hill was able to secure assistance in the transport of materials to the Island from vessels taking tourists to the Island's resort. For the years 1951-1970 the Great Barrier Reef Committee would oversee the station. After a number of troubles with the administration and funding of the Station in the mid 1950s, very basic accommodation was established on
6630-430: The island uses reverse osmosis technology to supply water for human consumption. Similarly, three diesel generators (and some solar panels ) supply electricity to the island. Heron Island has notably rich soil for a tropical coral cay, particularly in the dense southern forest. This is due to the presence of tens of thousands of wedge-tailed shearwaters ( Ardenna pacifica ) during breeding season. These birds disturb
6732-516: The island's silvereyes. Heron Reef is a lagoonal platform reef. It has developed in a high energy environment with high tidal flows promoting water turnover and unobstructed access to the ocean. The reef dates from the Holocene period but shows evidence of possible development in the Pleistocene period. Core analysis of the reef from 1937, demonstrated a thickness of at least 15m of stacked limestone, with an eastward sloping disconformity. Jane Lockhart sank between 11 and 17 December 1868. The vessel
6834-422: The island, the only member of the Ardeidae which is a breeding resident is the eastern reef egret. And even though the terms "heron" and "egret" are not scientific, the former is generally used to denote the large Ardea whereas the smaller Egretta species are usually called "egrets". Insofar, the only "true" heron that could ever be found on Heron Island is the white-necked heron ( Ardea pacifica ), which
6936-462: The island. It had a laboratory, but no equipment. This lab could also double as sleeping quarters in the short term. Longer term, it was hoped that the lab would be equipped, and a dormitory, kitchen and aquaria be constructed. After investigation by the Rockefeller Foundation in 1957, the University of Queensland eventually provided funds for maintenance of the station on a more permanent basis from 1965. This economic security resulted in huge growth in
7038-456: The masts of the Lockhart , schooner, and by means of a rope and a South Sea Island diver, managed to bring up from eighty to ninety large iron pulley wheels, besides a quantity of machinery and sundries, comprising Ale, porter, liqueur brandy, cutlery, ironmongery, etc Unfortunately the Roses water ran out, much to the chagrin of the crew, who would have raised a great deal more, only having to run into port for supplies. A photo of Heron Island
7140-725: The northern shoreside. The animals' burrowing has prevented a proper forest from forming. Consequently, though the usual tree species are found in isolated individuals, the sand is overgrown with herbs and small shrubs, mainly Cakile , Cassytha , Euphorbia eremophila , Lepturus and Melanthera . Around the western end there is an abundance of plants introduced by the research and resort activity, some deliberately as ornamentals , others accidentally. Notable are Euphorbia cyathophora and Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum , as well as papaya ( Carica papaya ), coconut palm ( Cocos nucifera ), oleander ( Nerium oleander ) and temple tree ( Plumeria rubra ) which have been planted . Heron Island
7242-467: The number of students visiting the Station from Australia and overseas to study biology, geology and botany. In 1965, discussions began to transfer the Station to joint ownership with the University, and after five years of debate and negotiation, an agreement was signed in 1970. Much research was undertaken from the Station in the 1960s regarding the plague of Crown of Thorns starfish , led by Dr Robert Endean . Roche Pharmaceuticals had an arrangement with
7344-497: The ongoing funding it would require during the Depression, and because of competitive interests within the committee which sought a broader scope of study in multiple reef locations. With the outbreak of World War II, much of the impetus of the Great Barrier Reef Committee's program was halted. Sir Matthew Nathan returned to England and died in 1939. Prof. Richards suffered a heart attack in 1945 and would later die in 1947, resulting in
7446-513: The position of the vessel might as much as possible remain unaltered; he left the yards and masts standing. and 6 months later it was reported as The Rose , schooner, has returned from the wreck of the Jane Lockhart , on Masthead Reef, whither she went on 15 June Captain Dwyer informs us that the Jane Lockhart still lies in a very snug position, and he has no doubt but that himself, and Mr Norris,
7548-402: The purchaser of the wreck, will be able, ultimately, to raise the vessel and bring her safely to Rockhampton Nearly the whole of the period that they were at the reef, very heavy weather prevailed, staving operations towards the recovery of the cargo, but luckily the strong SE winds lulled for about three days Captain Dwyer availed himself of the occasion, set to work, rigged up a staging between
7650-463: The reef, realised the potential of the island as a tourist attraction. In 1936 he bought the lease of the island for £290. On 11 September 1943, the entire island was declared a National Park . Heron Island Resort, operated by The Aldesta Group, is located in the north-west corner of the island. The resort is a popular getaway for scuba diving and snorkelling and accommodates up to 300 guests and 100 staff members. In March 2012 Heron Island Resort
7752-483: The reef. The island was named by Lieutenant Charles Bampfield Yule , the commander of Bramble . The island did not become inhabited until the early 20th century when a turtle cannery was established. The aim was to profit from the seasonal influx of green turtles , but the venture soon found it difficult to keep the business afloat. Other attempts at establishing fisheries were abandoned. In 1932 Captain Christian Poulsen, engaged in bringing fishing parties to
7854-423: The research station exist within the Great Barrier Reef Committee, which was established in 1922 by UQ's first Professor of Geology, Henry C. Richards and Sir Matthew Nathan , then Governor of Queensland. Nathan, Richards and a group of like minded academics and politicians from Australia and overseas, wanted to promote the need for original research, debate and exploration of the Great Barrier Reef within politics,
7956-453: The research station. Heron Island (Queensland) Heron Island is a coral cay located near the Tropic of Capricorn in the southern Great Barrier Reef . It is 80 kilometres (50 miles) north-east of Gladstone , Queensland , Australia , and 460 km (290 mi) north-north-west of the state capital Brisbane . The island is situated on the leeward (western) side of Heron Reef,
8058-468: The station - no easy feat when it was so remote from the mainland, and without fresh water and power, the Station would most likely never have been established so modestly. In 2007, the research station was affected by a serious fire. Research laboratories and a number of facilities were destroyed, as well as student accommodation and the teaching labs. Despite the ruined buildings and the consequent reconstruction, researchers and students continued to come to
8160-545: The station is the oldest and largest marine research station on the Great Barrier Reef. It specialises in marine research, climate change research and student training in marine sciences. It is a cornerstone of the Australian Research Council (ARC)'s Centre of Excellence in Coral Reef Studies. In 2014, Sir David Attenborough and Atlantic Productions, filmed segments of their Great Barrier Reef production at
8262-516: The station. The new facilities opened in 2009, with space for up to 150 visitors in the lab and teaching rooms. The island is a significant nesting location for two vulnerable turtle species, the Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas) and Loggerhead Turtle (Caretta caretta). The dominant vegetation is Pisonia grandis forest. The forested area and surrounding dunes, provide a nesting sanctuary for thousands of migrant and resident birds each year. Today
8364-575: The studies of human sexual behavior by Alfred Kinsey . In the interwar years, the foundation funded public health, nursing, and social work in Eastern and Central Europe. In 1950, the foundation expanded their international program of virus research, establishing field laboratories in Poona , India, Trinidad , Belém , Brazil, Johannesburg , South Africa, Cairo , Egypt, Ibadan , Nigeria, and Cali , Colombia, among others. The foundation funded research into
8466-467: The third inaugural trustee, in the first installment of a projected $ 100 million endowment. The nascent foundation applied for a federal charter in the US Senate in 1910, with at one stage Junior even secretly meeting with President William Howard Taft , through the aegis of Senator Nelson Aldrich , to hammer out concessions. However, because of the ongoing (1911) antitrust suit against Standard Oil at
8568-401: The time, along with deep suspicion in some quarters of undue Rockefeller influence on the spending of the endowment, the result was that Senior and Gates withdrew the bill from Congress in order to seek a state charter from New York. On May 14, 1913, New York Governor William Sulzer approved a charter for the foundation with Junior becoming the first president. With its large-scale endowment,
8670-402: The university and scientific community and in newspapers and public addresses. A bore drill of the reef was undertaken with funding from the Committee in 1926 at Michaelmas Cay . The committee helped to fund a major expedition in 1928-1929 by the Great Barrier Reef ( Yonge ) expedition to Low Isles reef, north of Cairns to research the zoological, botanical and geomorphological importance of
8772-809: The use of so-called terminator genes; the company later complied. In the 1990s, the foundation shifted its agriculture work and emphasis to Africa; in 2006, it joined with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation in a $ 150 million effort to fight hunger in the continent through improved agricultural productivity. In an interview marking the 100 year anniversary of the Rockefeller Foundation, Judith Rodin explained to This Is Africa that Rockefeller has been involved in Africa since their beginning in three main areas – health, agriculture and education, though agriculture has been and continues to be their largest investment in Africa. A total of 100 cities across six continents were part of
8874-456: The value of public health to improve American relations with the host country. Although they claimed the banner of public health and humanitarian medicine, they often engaged with politics and business interests. Rhoads was involved in a racism whitewashing scandal in the 1930s during which he joked about injecting cancer cells into Puerto Rican patients, inspiring Puerto Rican nationalist and anti-colonialist leader Pedro Albizu Campos . Noguchi
8976-599: The war, the foundation was involved in the establishment of the United Nations . Senate House (University of London) was built on donation from Rockefeller Foundation in 1926 and a foundation stone laid by King George V in 1933. It is the headquarters of the University of London since 1937. In the arts, the Rockefeller Foundation has supported the Stratford Shakespeare Festival in Ontario , Canada, and
9078-423: The western tip, is 3.6 metres (12 ft) above sea level . A dune ridge along the southern shore rises some 3 metres (9 ft 10 in) above sea level, lower dunes on the north-eastern side are only about one metre (3 ft 3 in) above the sea. Heron Island and an extrapolated version of the research station are the scene of much of the first part of Arthur C. Clarke 's The Deep Range . There
9180-417: The work funded by Rockefeller. It has also been a supporter of and influence on the United Nations . In 2020, the foundation pledged that it would divest from fossil fuel , notable since the endowment was largely funded by Standard Oil. The foundation also has a controversial past, including support of eugenics in the 1930s, as well as several scandals arising from their international field work. In 2021,
9282-506: The world. Later it funded over $ 100 million of plant biotechnology research and trained over four hundred scientists from Asia, Africa and Latin America. It also invested in the production of transgenic crops, including rice and maize. In 1999, the then president Gordon Conway addressed the Monsanto Company board of directors, warning of the possible social and environmental dangers of this biotechnology, and requesting them to disavow
9384-420: Was a two-mast schooner which departed from Sydney with general cargo for Broadsound and ran aground at an uncertain location - originally stated as on Lady Musgrave reef (most unlikely), later news reports claimed a wreck on Heron Island, with some other reports mentioning the wreck on either One Tree Island or Mast Head. The crew took to the boat and safely reached the pilot station at Keppel Island. The vessel
9486-430: Was also involved in an unethical human experimentation scandal. Susan Lederer , Elizabeth Fee , and Jay Katz are among the modern scholars who have researched this period. Researchers with the foundation including Noguchi developed the vaccine to prevent yellow fever . Rhoads later became a significant cancer researcher and director of Memorial Sloan-Kettering , though his eponymous award for oncological excellence
9588-577: Was built in 1861 at Ulladulla, New South Wales and registered in Sydney with the Official number of 36858 and a Registered number of 9/1861. From the original reports One of the boats dispatched to the wreck of the Jane Lockhart , schooner, has returned with the sails and a portion of the running and standing gear. The vessel, it appears, did not strike on Bunker's Group, as reported by Captain Machen, but upon what
9690-526: Was clear that it was being used to rationalize discrimination against Jewish people and other groups, after the Nuremberg laws in 1935 . In 1936, Rockefeller fulfilled pledges of $ 655,000 to Kaiser Wilhelm Institute, even though several distinguished Jewish scientists had been dropped from the institute at the time. The Rockefeller Foundation did not alert the world about the racist implications of Nazi ideology , but furthered and funded eugenic research through
9792-500: Was created by Standard Oil magnate John D. Rockefeller ("Senior") and son " Junior ", and their primary business advisor, Frederick Taylor Gates , on May 14, 1913, when its charter was granted by New York . It is the second-oldest major philanthropic institution in America (after the Carnegie Corporation ) and ranks as the 30th largest foundation globally by endowment, with assets of over $ 6.3 billion in 2022. According to
9894-538: Was dismissed in 2011 for the Guatemala syphilis experiments when a judge determined that the U.S. government could not be held liable for actions committed outside of the U.S. An experiment was conducted by Vanderbilt University in the 1940s where they gave 800 pregnant women radioactive iron , 751 of which were pills, without their consent. In a 1969 article published in the American Journal of Epidemiology , it
9996-473: Was estimated that three children had died from the experiment. With significant post-war activity John D. Rockefeller Jr. was an outspoken supporter of eugenics. Even as late as 1951, John D. Rockefeller III and John Foster Dulles , who was chairman of the foundation at the time, established the Population Council to advance family planning , birth control , and population control , and goals of
10098-452: Was featured in the BBC's nature TV series, Great Barrier Reef . The University of Queensland Heron Island Research Station is situated in the island's south-west quarter. Established in the 1950s by the Great Barrier Reef Committee with the University of Queensland becoming a partner in its operations in 1970, the facility is one of the world's principal coral reef research stations, with
10200-413: Was hoped that the structures that had been built for the Yonge expedition on Low Isles reef would be suitable as a longer term solution, but these were destroyed by a cyclone in 1934. A further geographical expedition occurred in 1936, and in 1937 another bore drill was conducted at Heron Island. Support for the preservation and conservation of the reef had also been growing. Professor Ernest Goddard from
10302-463: Was introduced to the Natural Sciences division of the foundation in the major reorganization of 1928. In 1941, the foundation gave a small grant to Mexico for maize research, in collaboration with the then new president, Manuel Ávila Camacho . This was done after the intervention of Vice President Henry Wallace and the involvement of Nelson Rockefeller ; the primary intention being to stabilise
10404-557: Was renamed after the scandal reemerged. During the late-1920s, the Rockefeller Foundation created the Medical Sciences Division, which emerged from the former Division of Medical Education. The division was led by Richard M. Pearce until his death in 1930, to which Alan Gregg succeeded him until 1945. During this period, the Division of Medical Sciences made contributions to research across several fields of psychiatry. In 1935
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