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117-877: The Temple Lot church shares its early history with the larger Latter-Day Saint denominations, including the LDS Church and the Community of Christ (formerly the RLDS Church). After the death of Joseph Smith , the Latter Day Saint movement's founder, on June 27, 1844, several leaders vied for control and established rival organizations. By the 1860s, five early Mormon branches found themselves unaffiliated with any larger group. Located in Bloomington, Illinois ; Crow Creek, Illinois ; Half Moon Prairie, Illinois ; Eagle Creek, Illinois ; and Vermillion, Indiana , these branches united under

234-468: A libelous press as a public nuisance . According to the Council's minutes, Smith said he “would rather die tomorrow and have the thing smashed, than live and have it go on, for it was exciting the spirit of mobocracy among the people, and bringing death and destruction upon us.” Under the Council's new ordinance, Smith, as Nauvoo's mayor, in conjunction with the Council, ordered the city marshal to destroy

351-784: A theocratic king . After a vote of the Nauvoo City Council , mayor Joseph Smith ordered the Expositor 's press destroyed. The destruction of the press led to broader public outrage in the surroundings of the city, and the Smith brothers and other members of the Nauvoo City Council were charged by the State of Illinois with inciting a riot. Joseph Smith was apprehended, but freed by the Nauvoo municipal court. Smith declared martial law and called out

468-476: A Mr. Allen (possibly the fourth man) were all indicted for the murder of the Smith brothers. Wills, Vorhease, and Gallaher, perhaps conscious that their wounds could prove that they were involved in the mob, fled the county after being indicted and were never brought to trial. Apart from Taylor's report of what he had heard, there is no evidence that Wills, Vorhease, Gallaher, or Allen died from their wounds. Joseph and Hyrum Smith's bodies were returned to Nauvoo

585-451: A belief in prophecy. The church claims this gift is manifested by one person (the prophesier) laying their hands on another person, who receives an individual message said by the prophesier. Prophesiers are believed to be used by the Holy Ghost as instruments through whom their God expresses his promises, advice and commandments. The church claims people receive messages about their future, in

702-592: A body that had led the Latter Day Saint movement since 1832. At the time of Smith's death, he was estranged from Smith due to differences in doctrinal beliefs. Young, president of the Quorum of the Twelve , claimed authority was handed by Smith to the Quorum. Strang claimed that Smith designated him as the successor in a letter that was received a week before his death. Later, others came to believe that Smith's son, Joseph Smith III ,

819-532: A jury trial. At the time of his death, Smith was also running for president of the United States , making him the first U.S. presidential candidate to be assassinated. Smith’s death marked a turning point for the religion he founded. In 1830, Joseph Smith, aged 24, published the Book of Mormon , which he described as an English translation of ancient golden plates he received from an angel . The same year he organized

936-663: A language they can understand. But there is also the term rasūl ( Arabic : رسول "messenger, apostle") to classify those who bring a divine revelation ( Arabic : رسالة risālah "message") via an angel . Knowledge of the Islamic prophets is one of the six articles of the Islamic faith , and specifically mentioned in the Quran. Along with Muhammad , many of the prophets in Judaism (such as Noah , Abraham , Moses , Aaron , Elijah , etc.) and prophets of Christianity ( Adam , Zechariah

1053-551: A local militia, were assigned to protect the brothers. Jones, who was present, relayed to Ford several threats against Joseph made by members of the Greys, all of which were dismissed by Ford. On Thursday morning, June 27, church leader Cyrus Wheelock , having obtained a pass from Ford, visited Smith in jail. The day was rainy, and Wheelock used the opportunity to hide a small pepper-box pistol in his bulky overcoat, which had belonged to Taylor. Most visitors were rigidly searched, but

1170-420: A long walking stick in order to deflect the guns as they were thrust inside the room, from behind the door. Smith fired Wheelock's pistol. Three of the six barrels misfired, but the other three shots are believed to have wounded three of the attackers. Taylor was shot four or five times and was severely wounded, but survived. It has been popularly believed that his pocket watch stopped one shot. The watch

1287-574: A messenger informed the group that the Governor had gone to Nauvoo and "there is nobody in Carthage [that] you can [depend on]". When the group approached the building, jailers became alarmed, but Smith, mistaking the mob for the Nauvoo Legion, told a jailer: "Don't trouble yourself ... they've come to rescue me." Smith did not know that Jonathan Dunham, major general of the Nauvoo Legion, had not dispatched

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1404-468: A past event (an act termed " postdiction "). Bill Whitcomb in The Magician's Companion observes, One point to remember is that the probability of an event changes as soon as a prophecy (or divination) exists. . . . The accuracy or outcome of any prophecy is altered by the desires and attachments of the seer and those who hear the prophecy. Many prophets make a large number of prophecies. This makes

1521-644: A property in Independence, Missouri, known as the Temple Lot . This grassy, 2-acre (8,100 m) plot is considered by Latter Day Saints of nearly all persuasions to be the site designated by Joseph Smith for the temple of the New Jerusalem , a sacred city to be built preparatory to the Second Coming of Jesus Christ. The Hedrickites returned to Independence in 1867 to purchase the designated lot for this temple, and

1638-527: A prospectus announcing the Expositor was circulated. On May 23, a grand jury from the Hancock County Circuit Court issued a criminal indictment against Smith on the charges of perjury based on the statements of Joseph Jackson and Robert Foster. A second indictment, for “ fornication and adultery ”, was issued based on the statements of William and Wilson Law who swore Smith had been living with Maria Lawrence “in an open state of adultery” since

1755-506: A series of "messages" allegedly given by John the Baptist to Otto Fetting , an apostle of the church. While the first eleven of these missives were accepted by the Temple Lot membership, the twelfth was rejected, leading Fetting to withdraw with a portion of the membership and found The Church of Christ (Fettingite) . The Temple Lot organization retained the church name and properties, including

1872-597: Is a denomination that traces its history to the Millerite Movement and the Great Disappointment . Seventh-day Adventists "accept the biblical teaching of spiritual gifts and believe that the gift of prophecy is one of the identifying marks of the remnant church." The church also believes Ellen G. White to be a prophet and that her writings are divinely inspired. Since 1972, the neo-Pentecostal Church of God Ministry of Jesus Christ International has expressed

1989-564: Is acknowledged to have been the last authentic prophet if one accepts the opinion that Nechemyah died in Babylon before 9th Tevet 3448 (313 BCE). The Torah contains laws concerning the false prophet (Deuteronomy 13:2-6, 18:20-22). Prophets in Islam, like Lot , for example, are false prophets according to Jewish standards. In the Torah, prophecy often consisted of a conditioned warning by their God of

2106-586: Is displayed in the LDS Church History Museum in Salt Lake City , Utah ; the watch was broken and was used to help identify the time of the attack. In 2010, forensic research by J. Lynn Lyon of the University of Utah and Mormon historian Glen M. Leonard suggested that Taylor's watch was not struck by a ball, but rather broke against a window ledge. Columbia University historian Richard Bushman ,

2223-451: Is inevitable! Citizens ARISE, ONE and ALL!!!—Can you stand by, and suffer such INFERNAL DEVILS! To ROB men of their property and RIGHTS, without avenging them. We have no time for comment, every man will make his own. LET IT BE MADE WITH POWDER AND BALL!!! Warrants from outside Nauvoo were brought in against Smith for the charge of riot. On June 12, Smith was arrested by David Bettinger, constable of Carthage. Bettinger sought to convey Smith to

2340-699: Is regarded as the oldest form of occult inquiry and was often expressed in verse. In contemporary Western cultures, theological revelation and poetry are typically seen as distinct and often even as opposed to each other. Yet the two still are often understood together as symbiotic in their origins, aims, and purposes. Middle English poems of a political nature are linked with Latin and vernacular prophecies. Prophecies in this sense are predictions concerning kingdoms or peoples; and these predictions are often eschatological or apocalyptic . The prophetic tradition in English derives in from Geoffrey of Monmouth 's History of

2457-456: Is the Tui bei tu (推背圖). Esoteric prophecy has been claimed for, but not by, Michel de Nostredame (1503–1566), popularly referred to as Nostradamus , who claimed to be a converted Christian . It is known that he suffered several tragedies in his life, and was persecuted to some degree for his cryptic esoteric writings about the future, reportedly derived through a use of a crystal ball . Nostradamus

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2574-460: Is the largest Latter Day Saint body. The current Prophet/President of the LDS Church is Russell M. Nelson . The church has, since Joseph Smith's death on June 27, 1844, held a belief that the president of their church is also a literal prophet of God. The church also maintains that further revelations claimed to have been given through Joseph Smith are published in the Doctrine and Covenants , one of

2691-481: Is to nurture, nourish and evoke a consciousness and perception alternative to the consciousness and perception of the dominant culture. A recognized form of Christian prophecy is the "prophetic drama" which Frederick Dillistone describes as a "metaphorical conjunction between present situations and future events". In his Dialogue with Trypho , Justin Martyr argued that prophets were no longer among Israel but were in

2808-461: Is widely read and promoted among members of the Church of Christ today, and is on sale in the lobby of its headquarters building. In it, Whitmer repeatedly claims that Smith had "fallen"—or began to "fall"—from his divine calling almost as soon as the church was established in 1830, or perhaps even before then. Whitmer's reasoning includes his charge that Smith was to have "pretended to no other gift" except

2925-690: The Azusa Street Revival occurred in Los Angeles, California and is sometimes considered the birthplace of Pentecostalism . This revival is well known for the " speaking in tongues " that occurred there. Some participants of the Azusa Street Revival are claimed to have prophesied. Pentecostals believe prophecy and certain other gifts are once again being given to Christians. The Charismatic Movement also accepts spiritual gifts like speaking in tongues and prophecy. The Seventh-day Adventist Church

3042-667: The Church of Christ with the Elijah Message , which later gave birth to other sects. Another sect breaking with the Temple Lot church was the Church of Christ (Hancock) , founded in 1946 by Pauline Hancock , who had resigned from the Temple Lot church due to her disagreements with that organization over its teachings on the Godhead . This church initially accepted only the King James Bible and Book of Mormon as scripture, though it rejected

3159-731: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Strangite) . In the 1860s, those who felt that Smith should have been succeeded by Joseph Smith III established the RLDS Church, which later changed its name to the Community of Christ . Modernly, Joseph Smith is known to have married women who were already married as well as girls as young as 14 . Some accounts say Smith may have had sexual relations with one wife, who later in her life stated that he fathered children by one or two of his wives, however DNA evidence does not support this . Some Mormons, especially those belonging to splinter groups such as

3276-416: The Community of Christ continue to deny that Joseph ever practiced polygamy in any sense. However, in 2014, LDS church spokesman Eric Hawkins said "(The church) publicly asserted Joseph Smith's practice of polygamy over a century and a half ago, especially in debate with other faith groups who traced their origin to Joseph Smith and who asserted that he did not practice plural marriage". Mainstream Mormons on

3393-401: The Expositor and its printing press on June 10, 1844. By the city marshal's account, the destruction of the press type was carried out orderly and peaceably. However, Charles A. Foster , a co-publisher of the Expositor, reported on June 12 that not only was the printing press destroyed, but that “several hundred minions ... injured the building very materially”. Smith’s critics said that

3510-593: The King James Bible and the Book of Mormon as doctrinal standards. The Book of Commandments is accepted as being superior to the Doctrine and Covenants as a compendium of Smith's early revelations (due to changes effected in many Doctrine and Covenants sections that had earlier been printed in the Book of Commandments), but is not accorded the same status as the Bible or Book of Mormon. The Temple Lot church publishes its own edition of

3627-628: The Nauvoo Legion . After briefly fleeing Illinois, Smith received a personal statement from Governor Ford , who “pledged his faith and the faith of the state (Illinois) to protect him while he underwent a legal and fair trial”, convincing Joseph Smith along with Hyrum to return voluntarily. When the brothers arrived at the county seat of Carthage to surrender to authorities, they were charged with treason against Illinois for declaring martial law . The Smith brothers were detained at Carthage Jail awaiting trial when an armed mob of 150–200 men stormed

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3744-733: The Standard Works . Additional revelations and prophecies outside the Standard Works, such as Joseph Smith's " White Horse Prophecy ", concerning a great and final war in the United States before the Second Coming of Jesus Christ, can be found in other church published works. The Arabic term for prophecy nubū'ah ( Arabic : نُبُوْءَة ) stems from the term for prophets, nabī ( Arabic : نَبِي ; pl. anbiyāʼ from nabā "tidings, announcement") who are lawbringers that Muslims believe were sent by God to every person, bringing God's message in

3861-573: The Whig Party . Most of his supporters switched with him to the Whig party, adding political tensions to the social suspicions in which Smith's followers were held by the local populace. Despite public denials of polygamy, Joseph Smith had a practice of secretly marrying his female followers. As early as 1838, Smith had faced accusations of polygamy. On April 18, anti-polygamists William Law, Wilson Law, Jane Law, and Robert Foster were excommunicated . On May 10,

3978-584: The county seat in Carthage . On June 22, Ford wrote to Smith and the Nauvoo City Council, proposing a trial by a non-Mormon jury in Carthage and guaranteeing Smith's safety. Smith fled the jurisdiction to avoid arrest, crossing the Mississippi River into the Iowa Territory . On June 23, a posse under Ford's command entered Nauvoo to execute an arrest warrant, but they were unable to locate Smith. After he

4095-511: The nation of Israel , and later to the population of Judea and elsewhere. Experience of prophecy in the Torah and the rest of Tanakh was not restricted to Jews. Nor was the prophetic experience restricted to the Hebrew language. There exists a problem in verifying most Native American prophecy, in that they remain primarily an oral tradition , and thus there is no way to cite references of where writings have been committed to paper. In their system,

4212-528: The Book of Mormon, identical in chaptering and versification to versions printed by the Community of Christ. " The Word of the Lord ", used by the Fettingite and Elijah Message organizations, which broke off from the Temple Lot church, is rejected; however, the Temple Lot church maintains an openness to the idea that revelation might conceivably come to any member of the church at any time, whether male or female, holder of

4329-526: The Church of Christ, calling it a restoration of the early Christian Church. Members of the church were later called “Latter Day Saints” or “Mormons”. Smith and his followers sought to assemble together in a theocratic community under Smith's leadership, or 'Zion' , first in Kirtland, Ohio and later in Independence, Missouri . In 1833, a mob of settlers attacked a Mormon newspaper's printing office, destroyed

4446-409: The Church. The Shepherd of Hermas , written around the mid-2nd century, describes the way prophecy was being used within the church of that time. Irenaeus confirms the existence of such spiritual gifts in his Against Heresies . Although some modern commentators claim that Montanus was rejected because he claimed to be a prophet, a careful examination of history shows that the gift of prophecy

4563-451: The Community of Christ, the Temple Lot church limits its priesthood offices to men. The Church of Christ assumes its authority from Joseph Smith and Oliver Cowdery 's account of May 15, 1829, when John the Baptist came to them and ordained them to the Priesthood of Aaron , "which holds the keys of the ministering of angels, and of the gospel of repentance, and of baptism by immersion for

4680-507: The Hancock County Court that issued the warrant, Smith was freed when the charges were dismissed in Nauvoo municipal court on a writ of habeas corpus . Smith declared martial law on June 18 and called out the Nauvoo Legion , an organized city militia of about 5,000 men, to protect Nauvoo from outside violence. In response to the crisis, Illinois Governor Thomas Ford traveled to Hancock County, and on June 21 he arrived at

4797-553: The Kings of Britain (1136), otherwise called " Prophecies of Merlin ;" this work is prelude to numerous books devoted to King Arthur . In 18th century England, prophecy as poetry is revived by William Blake who wrote: America: A Prophecy (1783) and Europe: A Prophecy (1794). Contemporary American poetry is also rich in lyrics about prophesy, including poems entitled Prophecy by Dana Gioia and Eileen Myles . In 1962, Robert Frost published "The Prophets Really Prophesy as Mystics

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4914-540: The Latter Day Saint movement. Hyrum Smith, the Assistant President of the Church , was intended to succeed Joseph as President of the Church , but because he was killed alongside his brother, the proper succession procedure became unclear. Initially, the primary contenders to succeed Smith were Sidney Rigdon , Brigham Young , and James Strang . Rigdon was the senior surviving member of the First Presidency ,

5031-510: The Legion to Carthage and stage a jailbreak. Smith and the other prisoners were guarded only by six members of the Carthage Grays, led by Sgt. Frank Worrell. A division of militia began marching away from Carthage, but soon received orders from the Governor to disband. Learning that the Governor had dismissed the troops, a group from Warsaw set out to Carthage to see the Governor. Enroute,

5148-402: The Smith brothers were charged with treason against the State of Illinois for declaring martial law in Nauvoo, by a warrant founded upon the oaths of A. O. Norton and Augustine Spencer. At a preliminary hearing that afternoon, the Council members were released on $ 500 bonds , pending later trial. The judge ordered the Smith brothers to be held in jail until they could be tried for treason, which

5265-532: The Smith homestead. In 1928, Frederick M. Smith , president of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (RLDS Church) and grandson of Joseph Smith, feared that rising water from the Mississippi River would destroy the gravesite. He authorized civil engineer William O. Hands to conduct an excavation to find the Smiths' bodies. Hands conducted extensive digging on the Smith homestead and located

5382-465: The Temple Lot church believe that Smith was wrong to assume the office of church president, an office they deem to not have been provided for in either the Bible or the Book of Mormon , their two scriptural standards. Although Granville Hedrick was ordained to be president of his church in 1863, he later repudiated this ordination, even referring to Smith as a "fallen prophet". Like the LDS Church, but unlike

5499-426: The Temple Lot, but it will not be like any of the LDS Church or Community of Christ temples currently in use. Rather, it has been generally described by the Temple Lot organization as a place for Jesus to show himself and "endow his servants whom he chooses with power to preach the gospel in all the world to every kindred, tongue, and people, that the promise of God to Israel may be fulfilled". The church does not accept

5616-438: The Temple Lot. Fetting's organization later divided after his death into three factions: the first followed the teachings of apostle S. T. Bronson and accepted a Saturday Sabbath ; the second rejected Bronson's teachings while remaining faithful to Fetting's. The third faction was composed of adherents of William A. Draves , who claimed that the "Messenger" was appearing to him after Fetting's death. Draves's adherents would form

5733-501: The Temple Lot. Late in the following month, he reportedly demanded that church officials sign ownership of the property over to him because he believed he was the " One Mighty and Strong ". He was detained by police but released a few days later. Early on September 5, 1898, he set fire to the tiny headquarters building, and then walked to the police station and turned himself in. After he testified in court appearances in November 1898, Pattison

5850-585: The action of destroying the press violated freedom of the press . Some sought legal charges against Smith for the destruction of the press, including charges of treason and inciting a riot . Violent threats were made against Smith and the Latter Day Saints. On June 12, Thomas C. Sharp , editor of the Warsaw Signal in Warsaw, Illinois , a newspaper hostile to the church, editorialized: War and extermination

5967-430: The attackers died when Smith shot them with his pistol. Most accounts seem to agree that at least three attackers were wounded by Smith's gunfire, but there is no other evidence that any of them died as a result. John Wills was shot in the arm, William Vorhease was shot in the shoulder, and William Gallaher was shot in the face. Others claimed that a fourth, unnamed man was also wounded. Wills, Vorhease, Gallaher, and

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6084-416: The author of Joseph Smith: Rough Stone Rolling , also supports this view. Richards, physically the largest of Smith's party, escaped unscathed; Lyon speculates that after the door opened, Smith was in the line of sight and Richards was not targeted. After using all of the shots in his pistol, Smith made his way towards the window. As he prepared to jump down, Richards reported that he was shot twice in

6201-427: The back and that a third bullet, fired from a musket on the ground outside, hit him in the chest. Taylor and Richards' accounts both report that as Smith fell from the window, he called out, “Oh Lord, my God!” Some have alleged that the context of this statement was an attempt by Smith to use a Masonic distress signal. There are varying accounts of what happened next. Taylor and Richards’ accounts state that Smith

6318-529: The best reference is an Elder, who acts as a repository of the accumulated wisdom of their tradition. In another type of example, it is recorded that there are three Dogrib prophets who had claimed to have been divinely inspired to bring the message of Christianity's God to their people. This prophecy among the Dogrib involves elements such as dances and trance-like states. In ancient Chinese, prophetic texts are known as Chen (谶). The most famous Chinese prophecy

6435-467: The blessing and the curse.' [...] Ecstatic prophecy - nebiism - and temple priests were indigenous to Canaanite culture and represented elements adopted by the Israelites. With the fusion of the functions of the seer-priest with the functions of the temple-sacrificial priests and ecstatic prophets, two main groups developed: the priests occupied with cult and sacrifice [...] and the 'prophets' who 'continued

6552-440: The bodies, as well as the remains of Joseph's wife, Emma , who was buried in the same place. The remains—which were badly decomposed —were examined and photographed, and then reinterred close by in Nauvoo. After the killings, there was speculation about who was responsible. Ford denied accusations that he knew about the plot to kill Smith beforehand, but later wrote that it was good for Smith's followers to have been driven out of

6669-424: The building, their faces painted black with wet gunpowder. Hyrum was killed almost immediately when he was shot in the face, shouting as he fell, “I am a dead man!” After emptying his pistol towards the attackers, Joseph tried to escape from a second-story window, but was shot several times and fell to the ground, where he was again shot by the mob. Five men were indicted for the killings, but were acquitted at

6786-411: The chances of at least one prophecy being correct much higher by sheer weight of numbers. The phenomenon of prophecy is not well understood in psychology research literature. Psychiatrist and neurologist Arthur Deikman describes the phenomenon as an "intuitive knowing, a type of perception that bypasses the usual sensory channels and rational intellect." "(P)rophecy can be likened to a bridge between

6903-481: The church has been headquartered there ever since. In 1891, the church was sued by the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints for title to the Temple Lot. The RLDS Church won at trial, but this decision was reversed on appeal. In the 1930s, the Temple Lot church excavated the site in an attempt to build a temple, but their efforts stalled because of the Great Depression and internal disputes, and

7020-411: The church, thunder and lightning frightened off the mob. Mob members fled, shouting, “The Mormons are coming,” although there was no such force nearby. After the attack was over, Richards, who was trained as a medical doctor, went back to see if anyone besides himself had survived, and found Taylor lying on the floor. Richards dragged Taylor into the jail cell (they had not been held in the cell, but in

7137-548: The consequences should the society, specific communities, or their leaders not adhere to the Torah's instructions in the time contemporary with the prophet's life. Prophecies sometimes included conditioned promises of blessing for obeying their god, and returning to behaviors and laws as written in the Torah. Conditioned-warning prophecies feature in all Jewish works of the Tanakh . Notably Maimonides (1138–1204), philosophically suggested that there once were many levels of prophecy, from

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7254-708: The divine and humanity and who speaks with the voice of a God. Bahá'u'lláh claimed that, while being imprisoned in the Siyah-Chal in Iran, he underwent a series of mystical experiences including having a vision of the Maid of Heaven who told him of his divine mission, and the promise of divine assistance; In Baháʼí belief, the Maid of Heaven is a representation of the divine. The Haedong Kosung-jon (Biographies of High Monks) records that King Beopheung of Silla desired to promulgate Buddhism as

7371-399: The door open to fire into the room, though Smith and the other prisoners pushed back and prevented this. A member of the mob fired a shot through the door. Hyrum was shot in the face, just to the left of his nose, which threw him to the floor. He cried out, “I am a dead man!” and collapsed. He died instantly. Smith, Taylor, and Richards attempted to defend themselves. Taylor and Richards used

7488-409: The ecstatic prophet derived from two distinctly different social and institutional backgrounds. The seer belonged to the earliest stratum of Israelite society and was related to the priest who 'was not originally in the first instance a sacrificer, but as with the old Arabs, custodian of the sanctuary, oracle priest, "seer" and holder of the effective future-creating and future-interpreting word of power,

7605-408: The excavation was filled in 1946. The lot was re-landscaped, and is today occupied only by the church's headquarters and a few trees in its northeast corner. No further plans to erect such an edifice have been announced. In July 1898, W. D. C. Pattison, a suspended member of the LDS Church from Boston, Massachusetts , was arrested and briefly detained after attempting to remove a fence placed around

7722-496: The eyes of the Lord. As published on the official church website: "There is no other authority to represent the Kingdom of God on the earth in modern times, nor had there been in the churches for 1260 years prior to 1830". The Church of Christ rejects the Doctrine and Covenants and the Pearl of Great Price , as well as Joseph Smith's "Inspired Version" of the Bible, preferring to use only

7839-564: The field's answer when it does form." Some cite aspects of cognitive psychology such as pattern forming and attention to the formation of prophecy in modern-day society as well as the declining influence of religion in daily life. For the ancient Greeks , prediction, prophesy, and poetry were often intertwined. Prophecies were given in verse, and a word for poet in Latin is “vates” or prophet. Both poets and oracles claimed to be inspired by forces outside themselves. In ancient China, divination

7956-930: The form of promises given by their God and expected to be fulfilled by divine action. In the Apostolic-Prophetic Movement , a prophesy is simply a word delivered under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit that accurately communicates God's "thoughts and intention". The Apostolic Council of Prophetic Elders was a council of prophetic elders co-convened by C. Peter Wagner and Cindy Jacobs that included: Beth Alves, Jim Gool, Chuck Pierce , Mike and Cindy Jacobs , Bart Pierces, John and Paula Sanford, Dutch Sheets , Tommy Tenny , Heckor Torres, Barbara Wentroble, Mike Bickle , Paul Cain , Emanuele Cannistraci, Bill Hamon, Kingsley Fletcher , Ernest Gentile, Jim Laffoon, James Ryle, and Gwen Shaw. The Latter Day Saint movement maintains that its first prophet, Joseph Smith ,

8073-428: The gift and power of God, and the publication of this translation are known as the Book of Mormon . Following Smith's murder, there was a succession crisis that resulted in a great schism. The majority of Latter-day Saints believing Brigham Young to be the next prophet and following him out to Utah, while a minority returned to Missouri with Emma Smith, believing Joseph Smith Junior's son, Joseph Smith III , to be

8190-449: The guards forgot to check Wheelock's overcoat, and he was able to smuggle the gun to Smith. Smith took Wheelock's gun and gave Fullmer's gun to his brother Hyrum. Before a trial could be held, a mob of about 200 armed men, their faces painted black with wet gunpowder , stormed Carthage Jail in the late afternoon of June 27, 1844. Early on June 27, Smith authored an order to Nauvoo Legion commander Jonathan Dunham instructing him to bring

8307-462: The guard’s room across the hallway). He dragged Taylor under some of the straw mattress to put pressure on his wounds and slow the bleeding and then went to get help. Both Richards and Taylor survived. Taylor eventually became the third president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Richards had escaped all harm except for a bullet grazing his ear. Joseph and Hyrum’s younger brother Samuel Harrison Smith had come to visit

8424-689: The highest (such as those experienced by Moses ) to the lowest (where the individuals were able to apprehend the Divine Will, but not respond or even describe this experience to others, citing for example, Shem, Eber and most notably, Noah , who, in the biblical narrative, does not issue prophetic declarations). Maimonides, in his philosophical work The Guide for the Perplexed , outlines twelve modes of prophecy from lesser to greater degree of clarity: The Tanakh contains prophecies from various Hebrew prophets (55 in total) who communicated messages from God to

8541-440: The individual 'mystical self' and the communal 'mystical body'," writes religious sociologist Margaret Poloma . Prophecy seems to involve "the free association that occurred through the workings of the right brain." Psychologist Julian Jaynes proposed that this is a temporary accessing of the bicameral mind; that is, a temporary separating of functions, such that the authoritarian part of the mind seems to literally be speaking to

8658-399: The latter in 1973 and formally dissolved itself in 1984. Hancock was the first woman to found and lead a church in the Latter Day Saint movement . Although all of these sects (with the exception of the last) have similar core beliefs— reflected in their use of the same " Articles of Faith and Practice"—none of them recognizes the others as legitimate. Although the Temple Lot church accepts

8775-591: The leadership of Granville Hedrick in May 1863. On July 18, 1863, Hedrick was ordained as "President, Prophet, Seer and Revelator ". Participating in Hedrick's ordination was John E. Page who had been an apostle under Smith. The Temple Lot church affirms a founding date of April 6, 1830, in Fayette, New York , and claims to be the sole legitimate continuance of Smith's original Church of Christ . Hedrick later distanced himself from

8892-558: The legitimacy of the Community of Christ's Independence Temple , located across the street from the Temple Lot, nor of any of the over 165 temples constructed by the LDS Church. Doctrines of the Church of Christ are heavily influenced by the writings of David Whitmer , a leading figure of early Mormonism who was expelled from Smith's church in 1838. In 1887, Whitmer published a pamphlet deeply critical of Sidney Rigdon and Smith. This pamphlet, entitled "An Address to all Believers in Christ",

9009-428: The more "pneumatic" aspect of the character and work of the old "seers"' and 'were mediums of the divinely inspired "word" which was "whispered to" them, or "came to them"' [...] The prophets retained, in guild fashion, the old seer relationship to the cult [...]. According to Judaism, authentic Nevuah ( נבואה , "Prophecy") got withdrawn from the world after the destruction of the first Jerusalem Temple . Malachi

9126-413: The murders of the Smith brothers. All five defendants were acquitted by a jury, which was composed exclusively of non-Mormon members after the defense counsel convinced the judge to dismiss the initial jury, which did include Mormon members. The defense was led by Orville Hickman Browning , later a United States senator and cabinet member. After the killing of Smith, a succession crisis occurred in

9243-473: The name under which Smith originally incorporated the church in 1830. Hedrick also wished to distinguish his church from the LDS Church in Utah. The parenthetical "(Temple Lot)", while not part of the legal name of the church, is usually appended to the name to distinguish the church from the many other Latter Day Saint and non–Latter Day Saint churches that use the name "Church of Christ". The church currently occupies

9360-484: The next day. The bodies were cleaned and examined, and death masks were made, preserving their facial features and structures. A public viewing was held on June 29, 1844, after which empty coffins weighted with sandbags were used at the public burial to prevent theft or mutilation of the bodies. The coffins bearing the actual bodies of the Smith brothers were initially buried under the unfinished Nauvoo House , then disinterred and reburied deep under an out-building on

9477-519: The next legitimate prophet (forming the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints , now the Community of Christ). Since even before the death of Joseph Smith in 1844, there have been numerous separatist Latter Day Saint sects that have splintered from the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints . To this day, there are an unknown number of organizations within the Latter Day Saint movement, each with their own proposed prophet. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church)

9594-546: The other hand tend to accept that he practiced polygamy, but emphasize the sealings as a spiritual bonding ritual which was platonic and intended to unify the human race into one family. Prophecy In religion , a prophecy is a message that has been communicated to a person (typically called a prophet ) by a supernatural entity. Prophecies are a feature of many cultures and belief systems and usually contain divine will or law , or preternatural knowledge, for example of future events. They can be revealed to

9711-513: The people. "The name prophet, from the Greek meaning "forespeaker" ( πρὸ being used in the original local sense), is an equivalent of the Hebrew Navi , which signifies properly a delegate or mouthpiece of another." Sigmund Mowinckel 's account of prophecy in ancient Israel distinguishes seers and prophets - both in their origins and in their functions: According to Mowinckel, the early seer and

9828-404: The person as if a separate (and external) voice. Jaynes posits that the gods heard as voices in the head were and are organizations of the central nervous system. God speaking through man, according to Jaynes, is a more recent vestige of God speaking to man; the product of a more integrated higher self. When the bicameral mind speaks, there is no introspection. In earlier times, posits Jaynes, there

9945-598: The press, and tarred and feathered two Mormon leaders. Mormons were driven from Jackson county . After losing the 1838 Mormon War , Smith was jailed and his followers were forced out of Missouri. After Smith escaped custody , he fled to Illinois, where he founded a new settlement that he named Nauvoo . Smith, travelled to Washington, D.C. , to meet with President Martin Van Buren , seeking intervention and compensation for lost property. Van Buren said he could do nothing to help. Smith returned to Illinois and vowed to join

10062-519: The priest , John the Baptist , Jesus Christ ) are mentioned by name in the Quran. In the sense of predicting events, the Quran contains verses believed to have predicted many events years before they happened and that such prophecies are proof of the divine origin of the Qur'an. The Qur'an itself states "Every ˹destined˺ matter has a ˹set˺ time to transpire. And you will soon come to know." Muslims also recognize

10179-401: The priesthood or not. Baptism for the dead , celestial marriage , plural marriage , and exaltation doctrines are all rejected by the Temple Lot church. The offices of high priest and patriarch are also rejected as being "doctrinal innovations" not sanctioned in the Bible, Book of Mormon, or Book of Commandments. Temple Lot church members still believe that a temple will be reared on

10296-499: The priesthood they were ordained to did not hold the keys of conferring the gift of the Holy Ghost , but that that authority would be conferred upon them later. Smith and Cowdery reported that Peter, James, and John visited them later that same year and bestowed upon them the higher Melchizedek priesthood . The Church of Christ teaches that it is the only true church in the modern world and that all other churches are an abomination in

10413-506: The prior October 12. In 1844, in the city of Nauvoo, Illinois where Smith was mayor, several anti-polygamist Mormons, recently excommunicated from Smith's church, joined together to publish a newspaper called the Nauvoo Expositor . It put out its first and only issue on June 7, 1844. Based on sworn statements, the Expositor revealed that Smith practiced polygamy , marrying at least eight other men’s wives, and he had tried to marry

10530-523: The prophet in various ways depending on the religion and the story, such as visions , or direct interaction with divine beings in physical form. Stories of prophetic deeds sometimes receive considerable attention and some have been known to survive for centuries through oral tradition or as religious texts . The English noun "prophecy", in the sense of "function of a prophet" appeared from about 1225, from Old French profecie (12th century), and from prophetia , Greek propheteia "gift of interpreting

10647-400: The punishment of execution, for what would quickly be seen as a forgery. Ichadon prophesied to the king that at his execution a wonderful miracle would convince the opposing court faction of Buddhism's power. Ichadon's scheme went as planned, and the opposing officials took the bait. When Ichadon was executed on the 15th day of the 9th month in 527, his prophecy was fulfilled; the earth shook,

10764-473: The remission of sins; and this shall never be taken again from the earth until the sons of Levi do offer again an offering unto the Lord in righteousness". John said that he came to them on behalf of the ancient apostles Peter , James , and John . In Smith's account, he and Cowdery were baptized and were given the keys of the Aaronic priesthood, which included the authority to baptize. The messenger told them that

10881-422: The results of applying the alleged Bible code , as well as to other purported pseudo-prophetic works. Most reliable academic sources maintain that the associations made between world events and Nostradamus's quatrains are largely the result of misinterpretations or mistranslations (sometimes deliberate) or else are so tenuous as to render them useless as evidence of any genuine predictive power. Moreover, none of

10998-448: The same day and, after evading capture from a group of attackers, is said to have been the first Latter Day Saint to arrive and helped attend the bodies back to Nauvoo. He died thirty days later, possibly as a result of injuries sustained avoiding the mob. There have been conflicting reports about injuries to members of the mob during the attack, and whether any died. Shortly after the events occurred, Taylor wrote that he heard that two of

11115-474: The second story of the building, although the first floor containing church records and documents remained intact. On February 1, 1990, the remainder of the building was razed. Construction of a new headquarters building began in August 1990. The man was convicted by a jury of second-degree arson and breaking and entering on January 16, 1991. In 1929, the Temple Lot church split between adherents and opponents of

11232-418: The sources listed offers any evidence that anyone has ever interpreted any of Nostradamus's pseudo-prophetic works specifically enough to allow a clear identification of any event in advance. According to skeptics, many apparently fulfilled prophecies can be explained as coincidences , possibly aided by the prophecy's own vagueness, and others may have been invented after the fact to match the circumstances of

11349-484: The state and said that their beliefs and actions were too different to have survived in Illinois. He said Smith was "the most successful impostor in modern times," and that some people "expect more protection from the laws than the laws are able to furnish in the face of popular excitement." Ultimately, five defendants— Thomas C. Sharp , Mark Aldrich , William N. Grover , Jacob C. Davis and Levi Williams —were tried for

11466-498: The state religion. However, officials in his court opposed him. In the fourteenth year of his reign, Beopheung's "Grand Secretary", Ichadon , devised a strategy to overcome court opposition. Ichadon schemed with the king, convincing him to make a proclamation granting Buddhism official state sanction using the royal seal. Ichadon told the king to deny having made such a proclamation when the opposing officials received it and demanded an explanation. Instead, Ichadon would confess and accept

11583-421: The sun was darkened, beautiful flowers rained from the sky, his severed head flew to the sacred Geumgang Mountains, and milk instead of blood sprayed 100 feet in the air from his beheaded corpse. The omen was accepted by the opposing court officials as a manifestation of heaven's approval, and Buddhism was made the state religion in 527. According to Walter Brueggemann , the task of prophetic (Christian) ministry

11700-422: The title of "President", as he ultimately came to believe that this was an unscriptural office. At the time of its commencement in 1863, Hedrick retained the name of "The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints" for his organization, reflecting his insistence that it was a continuation of Smith's church, which had adopted that name in 1838. This was soon shortened to "Church of Christ", however, as this had been

11817-507: The translation of the Book of Mormon, and was never to be more than a " first elder " among "fellow elders" in the fledgling church. Death of Joseph Smith Joseph Smith , the founder and leader of the Latter Day Saint movement , and his brother, Hyrum Smith , were killed by a mob in Carthage, Illinois , United States, on June 27, 1844, while awaiting trial in the town jail on charges of treason . The Nauvoo Expositor

11934-411: The unit to Carthage to protect him. Allen Joseph Stout later contended that by remaining inactive, Dunham disobeyed an official order written by Smith after he was jailed in Carthage. The Carthage Greys reportedly feigned defense of the jail by firing shots or blanks over the attackers’ heads, and some of the Greys even reportedly joined the mob, who rushed up the stairs. The mob first attempted to push

12051-439: The validity of some prophecies in other sacred texts like in the Bible ; however, they believe that, unlike the Qur'an, some parts of the Bible have been corrupted over the years, and as a result, not all of the prophecies and verses in the Bible are accurate. The Hebrew term for prophet, Navi ( נבוא ), literally means "spokesperson"; a prophet speaks to the people as a mouthpiece of their God , and to their god on behalf of

12168-466: The veracity of Joseph Smith as a prophet of God, it does not necessarily accept everything that Smith taught or claimed to be revelation. One distinct difference between it and other Latter-Day Saint churches lies in its rejection of the office of President of the Church . Instead of a president–prophet, the Church of Christ is led by its Quorum of Twelve Apostles, with all members of that body being considered equal in precedence and authority. Members of

12285-540: The will of God", from Greek prophetes (see prophet ). The related meaning, "thing spoken or written by a prophet", dates from c. 1300, while the verb "to prophesy" is recorded by 1377. In 1863, Bahá'u'lláh , the founder of the Baháʼí Faith , claimed to have been the promised messianic figure of all previous religions, and a Manifestation of God , a type of prophet in the Baháʼí writings that serves as intermediary between

12402-399: The wives of some of the Expositor' s publishers. In response to public outrage generated by the Expositor , the Nauvoo City Council passed an ordinance declaring the newspaper a public nuisance which had been designed to promote violence against Smith and his followers. They reached this decision after some discussion, including citation of William Blackstone ’s legal canon, which defined

12519-463: Was a capital offense . The Smith brothers were detained at Carthage Jail , and were soon joined by Willard Richards , John Taylor and John Solomon Fullmer . Six other associates accompanied the Smiths: John P. Greene , Stephen Markham, Dan Jones , John S. Fullmer , Dr. Southwick, and Lorenzo D. Wasson. Ford left for Nauvoo not long after Smith was jailed. The anti-Mormon “Carthage Greys”,

12636-456: Was a French apothecary and reputed seer who published collections of foreknowledge of future events. He is best known for his book Les Propheties ("The Prophecies"), the first edition of which appeared in 1555. Since Les Propheties was published, Nostradamus has attracted an esoteric following that, along with the popularistic press, credits him with foreseeing world events. His esoteric cryptic foreseeings have in some cases been assimilated to

12753-399: Was a newly-established newspaper published by anti-polygamist ex-Mormons who had recently been excommunicated from the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints . The newspaper's first (and only) issue criticized Smith and other church leaders, reporting that Smith was practicing polygamy , marrying the wives of other men, teaching a “ plurality of Gods ”, and intended to set himself up as

12870-530: Was additionally a visual component, now lost. Child development and consciousness author Joseph Chilton Pearce remarked that revelation typically appears in symbolic form and "in a single flash of insight." He used the metaphor of lightning striking and suggests that the revelation is "a result of a buildup of resonant potential." Pearce compared it to the earth asking a question and the sky answering it. Focus, he said, feeds into "a unified field of like resonance (and becomes) capable of attracting and receiving

12987-416: Was criticized by some followers, Smith returned and was reported to have said, “If my life is of no value to my friends it is of none to myself.” He reluctantly submitted to arrest. He was quoted as saying, “I am going like a lamb to the slaughter ; but I am calm as a summer's morning; I have a conscience void of offense towards God, and towards all men. I shall die innocent, and it shall yet be said of me—he

13104-432: Was dead when he hit the ground. Eyewitness William Daniels wrote in his 1845 account that Smith was still alive when members of the mob propped his body against a nearby well, assembled a makeshift firing squad , and shot him before fleeing. Daniels’ account also states that one man tried to decapitate Smith for a bounty but was prevented by divine intervention an affirmation later denied. According to modern leaders of

13221-424: Was found guilty but insane and sentenced to a stay in a mental institution . The building was reconstructed in 1905. On January 1, 1990, a member of the Church of Christ who had recently joined the LDS Church set fire to the unoccupied church building on the Temple Lot, claiming that his actions were part of a political protest and a prophecy that war was coming to America. The fire caused significant damage to

13338-442: Was murdered in cold blood.” During the trip to Carthage, Smith reportedly recounted a dream in which he and Hyrum escaped a burning ship, walked on water , and arrived at a great heavenly city . On June 25, 1844, Smith and his brother Hyrum , along with the other fifteen Council members and some friends, surrendered to Carthage constable William Bettisworth on the original charge of riot. Upon arrival in Carthage, almost immediately

13455-484: Was still acknowledged during the time of Montanus, and that he was controversial because of the manner in which he prophesied and the doctrines he propagated. Prophecy and other spiritual gifts were somewhat rarely acknowledged throughout church history and there are few examples of the prophetic and certain other gifts until the Scottish Covenanters like Prophet Peden and George Wishart . From 1904 to 1906,

13572-435: Was the rightful successor under the doctrine of lineal succession . A schism resulted, with each claimant attracting followers. The majority of Latter Day Saints followed Young; these adherents later emigrated to what became Utah Territory and continued as the LDS Church. Rigdon's followers were known as Rigdonites , some of which later established The Church of Jesus Christ (Bickertonite) . Strang's followers established

13689-528: Was visited by God and Jesus Christ in 1820. The Latter Day Saints further claims that God communicated directly with Joseph Smith on many subsequent occasions, and that following the death of Joseph Smith God has continued to speak through subsequent prophets. Joseph Smith claims to have been led by an angel to a large hill in upstate New York, where he was shown an ancient manuscript engraved on plates of gold metal. Joseph Smith claimed to have translated this manuscript into modern English under divine inspiration by

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