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93-476: Hawkman is the name of several superheroes appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Hawkman or Hawkmen may also refer to: Hawkman Although iterations of Hawkman appeared throughout the character's publication history, they are commonly characterized as hawk-themed warriors with a preference for archaic weaponry, large wings with a harness attached to it, and possessing Nth metal, which

186-496: A topper which ran above Flash in some papers Raymond was concurrently illustrating Secret Agent X-9 , which premiered January 22, 1934, two weeks after the two other strips. It was Flash Gordon that would outlast the others, quickly "develop[ing] an audience far surpassing" that of Buck Rogers . Flash Gordon , wrote Stephen Becker, "was wittier and moved faster," so "Buck's position as America's favorite sci-fi hero", wrote historian Bill Crouch Jr., "went down in flames to

279-553: A celebrity, he was nonetheless seen as "a down-to-earth fellow," and well liked. He saw "a period of intense combat in June 1945," and was "made an honorary member of VMTB-143 in August 1945." Raymond had, in May 1945, designed a squadron patch for the men of VMTB-143, after which the "squadron adopted the new name 'The Rocket Raiders'." He was demobilized as a major in 1946. Upon his return, Raymond

372-487: A divorce. R. C. Harvey dismissed this motivation: "Committing suicide strikes me as an odd way for a man of Raymond's sophistication to react to his disappointment in romance". Harvey also noted that no mention of any alleged affairs appears in Tom Roberts's biography, "probably out of consideration to Raymond's surviving family". Drake has also been quoted as speculating that Raymond "hit the accelerator by mistake". Raymond

465-517: A frail, balding assistant ... instead of a two-fisted sidekick;" "had a steady girlfriend ... [and] [i]f that wasn't enough, he even wore glasses! Rip "lived and worked in a recognizable, glamorous, modern New York City on cases involving very human frailties and vice", and "grew older as the strip progressed", a continuity advancement little seen in the strips of the time (although pioneered in Gasoline Alley and Mary Worth ). Raymond noted

558-594: A good adventure strip". Raymond's influence on other cartoonists was considerable during his lifetime and did not diminish after his death. Raymond was born in 1909 in New Rochelle, New York ; his parents were Beatrice W. (née Crossley) and Alexander Gillespie Raymond, Sr. The boy was raised in the Roman Catholic faith. His father was a civil engineer and road builder who encouraged his son's love of drawing from an early age, even "covering one wall of his office in

651-461: A hidden kingdom of sentient birds led by the old One-Eye, who taught him their language and later sacrificed himself to save Hawkman's life. Among the leading birds was a hawk named Big Red who became a companion and even helped the Golden Age Hawkman solve crimes. The Silver Age Hawkman also had enhanced senses comparable to a hawk's. He, and sometimes the Golden Age Hawkman as well,

744-665: A key influence by many of the most influential and important comic book artists of all time. EC Comics -staple Al Williamson cites Raymond as a major influence, and is quoted as saying that Raymond was "the reason I became an artist". Indeed, Williamson ultimately assisted on the Flash Gordon strips in the mid-1950s, and Rip Kirby in the mid-1960s (all post-Raymond). Key Golden Age artists credit Raymond with influencing their work. The artistic creators of Batman ( Bob Kane ) and Superman ( Joe Shuster ) credit him (alongside Milton Caniff , Billy DeBeck and Roy Crane ) as having had

837-489: A major influence for Star Wars . He was inducted into the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 1996. Maurice Horn stated that Raymond unquestionably possessed "the most versatile talent" of all the comic strip creators. He has also described his style as "precise, clear, and incisive." Carl Barks described Raymond as a man "who could combine craftsmanship with emotions and all the gimmicks that went into

930-786: A major influence on his Star Wars films (which, cyclically, inspired the 1980 Flash Gordon film), while Raymond's long shadow has fallen across the comics industry ever since his work saw print. Comics artists who have cited Raymond as a particularly significant influence on their work include Murphy Anderson , Jim Aparo , Matt Baker , Frank Brunner , John Buscema , Gene Colan , Dick Dillin , Lou Fine , José Luis García-López , Frank Giacoia , Bob Haney , Jack Katz , Everett Raymond Kinstler , Joe Kubert , Russ Manning , Mort Meskin , Sheldon Moldoff , Luis Garcia Mozos , Joe Orlando , Mac Raboy , John Romita Jr. , Kurt Schaffenberger , Joe Sinnott , Dick Sprang and Alex Toth , among many others. In particular, Raymond has been named as

1023-472: A man who—along with Shiera—had been reincarnated dozens of times since his life in ancient Egypt, and whose powers were derived from Thanagarian Nth metal, which had been retroactively renamed from "ninth metal". The Katar Hol of the Hawkworld series had also come to Earth during the 1990s, as previously established. The 1980s Hawkman Fel Andar returned to Thanagar. The Hawkgod was later revealed to be an avatar of

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1116-627: A new creative team of Walt Simonson and Howard Chaykin . This series was cancelled with issue #66 in July 2007. Hawkman was a major character in the Rann–Thanagar War miniseries, which stemmed from events in Countdown to Infinite Crisis . During this time his continuity was further changed (see Carter Hall section below). The character then received a new series spinning out of Dark Nights: Metal , helmed by Robert Venditti and Bryan Hitch . In

1209-507: A pair of museum curators, Carter and Shiera Hall, and acted publicly as the second Hawkman and the second Hawkgirl (later Hawkwoman). Although initially depicted as surviving the Crisis on Infinite Earths intact, Katar Hol was rebooted just a few years afterwards in a prestige-format miniseries named Hawkworld , by Timothy Truman . A regular ongoing series of the same name followed, with writer John Ostrander joining Truman. Katar Hol,

1302-409: A private detective" a vocation tailor-made to provide daily thrills. Described by Stephen Becker as "modern and almost too intellectual", the strip eschewed many of the pulp fictional detective tropes (e.g. alcoholism, two-fisted assistants, and an assortment of interchangeable femmes fatale ). Instead, "[Rip] did more cogitating than fisticuffing, and smoked a leisurely pipe while he did it;" "had

1395-506: A removal of dialogue from speech balloons to captions at the bottom of the panel afforded Raymond the space to create detailed and atmospheric backgrounds. Against these spacious backgrounds, the placement of characters in heroic poses "lent the entire enterprise a mythic air." Flash Gordon gained a daily strip in 1940, illustrated by Austin Briggs . Raymond left the Sunday strip in 1944 to join

1488-479: A romantic relationship. Carter Hall and Shiera Saunders had a son together, named Hector Hall, who grew up to also have a superheroic identity as Silver Scarab and later adopted the mantle of Dr. Fate . Hector Hall was a member of the superhero groups Infinity Inc. and the JSA, where he served alongside his father. Katar Hol is an honored police officer on his homeworld of Thanagar. Along with his wife Shayera, they use

1581-492: A strong influence on their artistic development. Decades later, the herald of the Silver Age (and co-creator of most of Marvel Comics 's pantheon of heroes), Jack "King" Kirby also credits Raymond, alongside fellow strip artist Hal Foster , as a particular influence and inspiration. Cerebus creator Dave Sim has published a comic book since 2008 called glamourpuss which is an examination of Alex Raymond's career (and

1674-435: A technique Raymond used from c.1949 "for pacing" reasons. Fellow-cartoonist Stan Drake recalled that Raymond called his black areas "pools of quiet", serving as they did "as a pause for the viewer, something to slow the eye across the strip's panels". Alex Raymond's "influence on other cartoonists was considerable during his lifetime and did not diminish after his death". George Lucas has cited Raymond's Flash Gordon as

1767-420: A topper or a shallow response to Hal Foster 's exquisite Tarzan ". The companion strip evolved over time, morphing from an initial "two tiers and up to six panels [layout], with speech balloons" into "a single row, of four very tall panels with declamatory text and static, vertical composition". Raymond's skill and artistic dexterity, however, kept the storytelling constant and the artwork vibrant. Jungle Jim

1860-425: A tree and was killed. In his biography, Roberts described the circumstances as a result of the weather. Raymond was driving the convertible with its top down when the rain started to fall. He decided to reach his destination quicker rather than stop the vehicle to put the top back up. The car crashed and Drake was thrown clear, but Raymond, who was wearing his seat belt to no avail, died instantly. Speculation surrounded

1953-637: A well-known and well-circulated image of Marines on a battlefield pausing for worship." Raymond also "designed the official 1944 Marine Corps Christmas card ." Desiring "to get closer to the action," he then trained at the Marine Corps Air Station in Santa Barbara before serving in the Pacific Ocean theater "on the 1945 cruise of the escort carrier USS Gilbert Islands ." Treated by his fellow marines (who had been raised on Flash Gordon ) as

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2046-472: A young police officer on the planet Thanagar, rebels against the oppressive system of his planet and is sent into exile. He later escapes and uncovers a renegade police captain Byth . As a result, he is reinstated into the force, given a new partner, Shayera Thal, and sent on a mission on Earth, where he is the third Hawkman. In DC's The New 52 universe, Hawkman is Katar Hol but uses the name Carter Hall. Late in

2139-483: Is a special metal with gravity-negating effects. Most iterations are also connected as being involved in a cycle of reincarnations, characterized as sometimes having reoccurring elements within their lifetimes. Among the reoccurring includes a romantic connection to reincarnated Hawkwoman or Hawkgirl and an affiliation with superhero teams such as the Justice Society of America and Justice League , often serving as

2232-406: Is in their costume's belt, boots, and wings. Its abilities are controlled mentally. Their wings allow them to control their flight, though they can be "flapped" through use of shoulder motions. In most comic books, Hawkman is known to have slightly enhanced physical strength . The Golden Age Hawkman was also granted the ability to breathe underwater by the sea god Poseidon . He also discovered

2325-637: Is playwright, director, editor and artist at once." A. E. Mendez has also stated that "Raymond’s achievements are chopped into bite-sized pieces by the comic art cognoscenti. Lost in the worthwhile effort to distinguish comics as an art form, the romance, sweep and beauty of Raymond's draftsmanship, his incomparable line work, is dismissed. To many, it's just pretty pictures. Somehow or another, it's OK for people like Caniff and Eisner to borrow from film. That’s real storytelling. But for Raymond to study illustrators, well, that's just not comics." Debuting on January 7, 1934, Raymond's first Flash strip introduced

2418-459: Is said to particularly reach for "the feel of the best pulp interior art of the time," a style that would evolve with his own so-called "great flourishes" and "later blossom to full effect in Flash Gordon and Jungle Jim ". "Under his pen," writes Maurice Horn , his Sunday pages "became world famous (especially Flash Gordon )." However, historian and critic R.C. Harvey argues that "despite Raymond's great talent as an illustrator, his deployment of

2511-478: Is supported by the strips themselves. Saint author Leslie Charteris was hired to take over the writing of the strip in September 1935, but the pair would only collaborate on one storyline. By the end of 1935, "the [work]load was too much for Raymond," who left Secret Agent X-9 to artist Charles Flanders  [ fr ] , in order to devote more time to his meticulous Sunday pages. Raymond's work on X-9

2604-584: The DC Extended Universe . Hawkman first appeared in Flash Comics #1 (1940), and was a featured character in that title throughout the 1940s. This Hawkman was Carter Hall , a reincarnation of the ancient Egyptian prince Khufu. Hall discovered that the mysterious "ninth metal" (later changed simply to "Nth metal") could negate the effects of gravity and allow him to fly. He donned a costume with large wings to allow him to control his flight and became

2697-598: The Grand Central School of Art in New York City and began working as a solicitor for a mortgage broker . Approaching former neighbor Russ Westover , Raymond soon quit his job and by 1930 was assisting Westover on his Tillie the Toiler comic strip. As a result, Raymond was "introduced to King Features Syndicate ", where he later became a staff artist, and for whom he would produce his greatest artwork. Raymond

2790-587: The JSA series that the Nth metal greatly aids in healing, closing wounds almost instantaneously . One example is in the JLA story "Crisis of Conscience", in issues 115–118, when Carter's arm is nearly severed during one part of the issue, but the wound has obviously closed and functionality returned by the end of the issue. The Atom has commented that Hawkman laughs at anything less than third-degree burns . The Nth metal also regulates

2883-827: The Rip Kirby artistic style, but lacked "Raymond's excellent design sense," although Prentice received praise for his work from the Raymond family. Prentice drew Rip Kirby until just before he died in 1999, the strip itself concluding a month later. In 1967, Woody Gelman reprinted in hardcover some of Raymond's earlier comic strip work under his Nostalgia Press imprint. Regarded by Time magazine in 1974—alongside Prince Valiant author-illustrator Hal Foster —as "some sort of genius", and described in Jerry Bails and Hames Ware's Who's Who in American Comic Books as "[p]ossibly

Hawkman (disambiguation) - Misplaced Pages Continue

2976-532: The Woolworth Building " with his young son's artwork. Raymond's father died when he was 12, after which he felt that there was not as viable a future in art as he had hoped. He attended Iona Prep on an athletic scholarship. There, he played fullback on coach "Turk" Smith's 1926 football team. Raymond's first job was as an order clerk in Wall Street . In the wake of the 1929 economic crisis he enrolled in

3069-430: The body temperature of the wearer, preventing the need for heavy protective clothing while in high altitudes . It also has the property of radiating heat, which can be controlled to warm the wearer in colder climates. The series and character have won several awards over the years, including: Hawkman was ranked as the 118th-greatest comic book character of all time by Wizard magazine. IGN also ranked Hawkman as

3162-604: The "Hawkman" name went unused for several more years. Originally the Teen Titans member called Golden Eagle , Charley Parker was presumed deceased after an attack by the Wildebeest Society during the event known as Titans Hunt . He was later revealed to be alive in the fourth volume of Hawkman and went on to assist the Carter Hall Hawkman for some time. When Carter Hall seemingly perished, Charley Parker took on

3255-420: The "world-famous polo player", improbably roped into a space adventure alongside love-interest Dale Arden and scientist Dr. Hans Zarkov . Transported by rocket to the planet Mongo, "which was about to collide with Earth", the trio "immediately became embroiled in the affairs of Mongo's inhabitants—particularly those of its insidious warlord, Emperor Ming ", who would become Flash Gordon's nemesis throughout

3348-503: The 1960s and 1970s during which the two heroes often met. The Silver Age Hawkman had his own series for a few years in the '60s, but with declining sales it ended at issue #27 and was then merged with that of the Atom . Atom and Hawkman lasted only another year or so before cancellation. In the late 1970s in Showcase and World's Finest Comics , Thanagar went to war with the planet Rann ,

3441-540: The 1980s, Thanagarian spy Fel Andar —who had been living on Earth for some time already—fell in love with an Earth woman, Sharon Parker, and they had a son named Charley. Andar was ordered by the Thanagarian government to infiltrate the Justice League and Parker's memories were altered so that she believed she was Hawkwoman and believed that her son was "Carter Hall Jr." instead of Andar's son. Charley Andar later took up

3534-543: The 1990s, and that Nth metal originally came from Thanagar. The Halls, and not the Hols, joined the original incarnation of the JLA. Another Hawkman—Fel Andar, a Thanagarian agent—had been the one who joined the Justice League during the 1980s, pretending to be a hero but secretly spying on the League for his Thanagarian masters. The Zero Hour miniseries muddied the waters further by merging

3627-482: The 56th-greatest comic book hero of all time, stating that the best part of Hawkman is his incredibly short fuse. IGN also described him as a complete and total badass. Alex Raymond Alexander Gillespie Raymond Jr. (October 2, 1909 – September 6, 1956) was an American cartoonist and illustrator who was best known for creating the Flash Gordon comic strip for King Features Syndicate in 1934. The strip

3720-460: The DC Universe and joined the latest incarnation of the Justice League. DC decided to reboot Hawkman, in a limited series (which later led to an ongoing series) titled Hawkworld originally by Tim Truman , and later John Ostrander . In this series, Thanagar was a stratified society which conquered other worlds to enrich itself. Katar Hol was the son of a prominent official who rebelled against

3813-610: The Hawk aspect of the Red (from which Animal Man receives his powers) and only believed that he was Hawkman. During the Identity Crisis miniseries, it was established that Hawkman (Carter Hall) had encouraged the mindwipe of Doctor Light and had actually been the one to initially suggest the idea. His role in the mindwipe was the basis for his enmity with Green Arrow , who felt that interfering with an individual's right to self-determination

Hawkman (disambiguation) - Misplaced Pages Continue

3906-735: The JSA's run in All Star Comics in 1951. He was the only member of the JSA to appear in every adventure during the Golden Age of Comic Books . He romanced his reincarnated bride, Shiera Saunders, who became the crimefighter Hawkgirl . His first three adventures were drawn by creator Dennis Neville (who modeled Hawkman's costume on the hawkmen characters in the Flash Gordon comic strip by Alex Raymond ), then by Sheldon Moldoff , and later by Joe Kubert , who slightly redesigned his mask in Flash Comics # 85 (Jul 1947) and then, one year later, replaced

3999-538: The Marines, whereupon the daily strip was cancelled and Briggs assumed the Sunday strip duties, continuing until 1948. Briggs was succeeded on the Sundays by Emanuel "Mac" Raboy , while the daily strip was revived in 1951 by Dan Barry. Barry also took over Sunday duties after Raboy's death in 1967. Run above Flash Gordon , Raymond's Jungle Jim is described by Armando Mendez as "a thing of beauty ... always more than just

4092-472: The Toiler and Tim Tyler's Luck . Towards the end of 1933, Raymond created the epic Flash Gordon science fiction comic strip to compete with the popular Buck Rogers comic strip. Before long, Flash was the more popular strip. Raymond also worked on the jungle adventure saga Jungle Jim and spy adventure Secret Agent X-9 concurrently with Flash , though his increasing workload caused him to leave Secret Agent X-9 to another artist by 1935. He left

4185-521: The adopted home of Adam Strange . This led to Hawkman and Hawkwoman severing ties with their homeworld, and later fighting The Shadow War of Hawkman (written by Tony Isabella ) as the Thanagarians tried secretly to conquer the Earth. The landmark 1985 series Crisis on Infinite Earths resulted in a massive revision of much of DC continuity and led to many characters being substantially rewritten. Hawkman

4278-471: The anti-gravity belts and their wings to fly and fight criminals. These were the tools of an elite police unit tasked to track and apprehend the most dangerous criminals. The pair were sent to Earth in 1961 to capture the shape-shifting criminal Byth . Following this mission, they elected to remain on Earth to work with authorities in the United States and learn human police methods. The two adopted covers as

4371-429: The art for an espionage action-adventure strip, Secret Agent X-9 , scripted by novelist Dashiell Hammett , and Raymond's illustrative approach to that strip made him King Features' leading talent. Towards the end of 1933, King Features asked him to create a Sunday page that could compete with Buck Rogers in the 25th Century , a popular science fiction adventure strip that had debuted in 1929 and already spawned

4464-418: The artistic lash and spectacle of Alex Raymond's virtuoso artwork." Alex Raymond has stated, "I decided honestly that comic art is an art form in itself. It reflects the life and times more accurately and actually is more artistic than magazine illustration—since it is entirely creative. An illustrator works with camera and models; a comic artist begins with a white sheet of paper and dreams up his own business—he

4557-654: The change in subject matter, commenting that "I wanted to do something different and more down to earth." Stylistically, "Raymond turned to the Cooper Studio- Al Parker advertising style for inspiration, spurring a new generation of comic artists to follow a fresh direction", that of "glorify[ing] contemporary post-War American life". Although the strip was published entirely in black and white, Raymond worked hard to add tone through artistic technique. "Raymond nevertheless [colored] through his use of varying linework ... [creating] color through contrast". His new style

4650-642: The character first appeared onscreen in the two-part 1979 TV special Legends of the Superheroes by Bill Nuckols appearing alongside Adam West and Burt Ward as allies Batman and Robin. Hawkman was later portrayed by Michael Shanks in Smallville and by Falk Hentschel in The CW 's Arrowverse family of shows, with both versions favoring the ancient Egyptian version of the character. Hawkman made his cinematic debut portrayed by Aldis Hodge in 2022's Black Adam set in

4743-677: The comic-strip medium (on X-9 ) was not very impressive." Harvey feels that Raymond's work suffers in comparison to Milton Caniff 's contemporaneous work, with Raymond's failings as a visual storyteller less noticeable on a weekly Sunday strip, where the space afforded played to his skills as an illustrator. Raymond's sensual artwork—for which the artist particularly "studied popular illustrators," including pulp artist Matt Clark, whose work Raymond's male figures particularly evoke —outshone its borders and "attracted far more loyal readers than ... [the] rather contrived and unconvincing adventure stories" his work depicted. Raymond swiftly became "among

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4836-466: The complex post-Crisis continuity problems with the character. In the Wizard JLA Special , Morrison made an appeal to the fanbase, "It's a good name and it seems a shame to let it go to waste. We're hoping that fans will figure 'For God's sake, let's just call him Hawkman and get him in the Justice League as Hawkman,' and the editors will relent. We're hoping to start a campaign." DC held firm, and

4929-400: The crimefighter, Hawkman. He also had a companion hawk named Big Red that assisted him in fighting crime. An archaeologist by profession, Hall used ancient weapons from the museum that he curated. Hawkman was a charter member of the Justice Society of America , beginning with All Star Comics #3 (Winter 1940). In issue #8 he became the JSA's chairman, a position he held until the end of

5022-460: The days of ancient Egypt , Prince Khufu is engaged in a feud with his rival, the Egyptian priest Hath-Set . The priest eventually captures both Khufu and his consort Chay-Ara, and kills them using a cursed dagger of Nth metal. Millennia later, in 1940, Khufu is reincarnated as American archaeologist Carter Hall , Chay-Ara as Shiera Saunders, and Hath-Set as scientist Anton Hastor. After touching

5115-465: The different Hawkmen into a "Hawkgod", who was the focus character in the third volume of the monthly Hawkman series. This version of Hawkman also had a small role in the alternate-future series Kingdom Come . After the end of this series, Hawkman's continuity was considered by DC to be too complicated, and he was absent from comics for several years. In the late 1990s, the JSA series untangled Hawkman's continuity, establishing him as Carter Hall,

5208-460: The franchise's many incarnations. Early in 1935, Hammett decided to depart as writer of Secret Agent X-9 in order to pursue a career in Hollywood. While it has been presumed that Raymond took on the writing duties of the strip until a replacement could be found, biographer Tom Roberts instead believes that the strip was written by committee during editorial conference, a view R. C. Harvey believes

5301-527: The kind of guy who gets a lump in his throat when a band plays the 'Star Spangled Banner'". Shortly thereafter, he "was sent to Quantico for training in the curriculum of the Aviation Ground Officer's School," and was soon producing "posters and patriotic images from a government office in Philadelphia." His most famous image from this time is "Marines at Prayer," which "was destined to become

5394-516: The mantle and became the fourth Hawkman, and revealed himself as the son of Carter Hall. In fact, he was actually the son of Fel Andar, and had been responsible for Carter's troubles and his apparent demise. Carter Hall eventually defeated the Golden Eagle, their vendetta was later dropped, and Carter Hall reclaimed his mantle. All incarnations of Hawkman used the fictional "ninth metal" or "Nth metal" to defy gravity and allow them to fly . The metal

5487-575: The many strips that he illustrated. Raymond worked from live models furnished by Manhattan's Walter Thornton Agency, as indicated in "Modern Jules Verne," a profile of Raymond published in the Dell Four-Color Flash Gordon #10 (1942), showing how Thornton model Patricia Quinn posed as a character in the strip. Numerous artists have cited Raymond as an inspiration for their work, including comic artists Jack Kirby , Bob Kane , Russ Manning , and Al Williamson . George Lucas cited Raymond as

5580-506: The memories of having lived through many past lives , he is more proficient in their use than with contemporary weapons. In Katar Hol's case, it was too dangerous to use Thanagarian weaponry since there was too great a chance they could be lost or captured and then used or duplicated on Earth. There is, however, one significantly unique weapon Carter employs occasionally: the Claw of Horus. Constructed of Nth metal by Prince Khufu in ancient Egypt , it

5673-469: The most highly-regarded—and most imitated—in all of comics" for his work on the weekly strip, with Harvey declaring his work on the strip "a technical virtuosity matched on the comics pages only by Harold Foster in Prince Valiant ." Raymond evolved the layout of the strip from a four-tier strip in 1934 to a two-tier strip in 1936, reducing the number of panels but doubling their size. Combining this with

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5766-436: The most influential artist on early comic books", Raymond's legacy as an artistic inspiration is immense. Harvey argued that it is because of Raymond and Foster that the illustrative style became the dominant one used for adventure strips. "His work and Foster's created the visual standard by which all such comic strips would henceforth be measured." Biographer Tom Roberts also believes Raymond's work on Rip Kirby "inspired all

5859-473: The name Hawkman to honor his "father" whom he believed to be Carter Hall. When Parker's old memories surface, she exposed Andar's infiltration plot; Andar murdered her and fled to Thanagar. Andar later returned to Earth to help his son become the hero known as Golden Eagle , and saved his life once before being recaptured and returned to Thanagar. When Grant Morrison revived the JLA comic book in 1997, they expanded

5952-546: The names Carter and Shiera Hall and became curators of a museum in Midway City. This Hawkman became a member of the Justice League of America in issue #31, where he often verbally sparred with the iconoclastic liberal hero Green Arrow . In the 1960s, it was revealed that the original Hawkman lived on the parallel world of Earth-Two , and that Katar Hol lived on Earth-One . The JLA and JSA had an annual meeting throughout

6045-418: The nature of his death. Drake and some others believed that Raymond was suicidal. Raymond had been involved in four automobile accidents in the month prior to his death. This led Drake to say that Raymond "had been trying to kill himself". Author Arlen Schumer ascribed Raymond's personal life as the motive for suicide. Schumer alleged that Raymond had been having affairs and that his wife was refusing to grant him

6138-473: The organization, and threw himself into championing the medium as an art form. Raymond profited in recognizability as well as financially, and continued on the strip until his untimely death in September 1956. His collaborator from 1952 was writer Fred Dickenson (who wrote the strip for a further 34 years), and he was succeeded artistically by magazine and Prize Publications' Young Romance illustrator John Prentice . Commentators have said that Prentice echoed

6231-443: The reader into the story". Raymond's work has a "timeless appeal," many aspects of which—including the use of feathering (a shading technique in which a soft series of parallel lines helps to suggest the contour of an object) —have inspired generations of cartoonists, his work becoming "the raw material for the swipe files of future generations". His work on Rip Kirby is especially noted for its use of "sophisticated black spotting",

6324-513: The rival Brick Bradford in 1933. According to King Features, syndicate president Joe Connolly "gave Raymond an idea ... based on fantastic adventures similar to those of Jules Verne ". Alongside ghostwriter Don Moore, a pulp-fiction veteran, Raymond created the visually sumptuous science fiction epic comic strip Flash Gordon . The duo also created the "complementary strip, Jungle Jim , an adventurous saga set in South-East Asia",

6417-418: The roster to include over a dozen heroes. With frequent collaborator Mark Millar , they intended to create a new Hawkman with no links to the old characters. This new Hawkman, an Earth-bound angel of the "Eagle host" named Zauriel , was to be introduced into the JLA with issue #6 (June 1997). Morrison was denied permission to use the name "Hawkman" by DC editorial, which still considered it "radioactive", due to

6510-451: The same Nth Metal dagger used to kill Khufu, Carter regains the memories of his former life and realizes Hastor is the reincarnation of his ancient foe. When Hastor kidnaps Shiera, using a magic spell to draw her to his lair, Hall uses his newly-refound memories to craft a gravity-defying belt using Nth metal and a winged costume to become Hawkman. Carter successfully rescues Shiera, Anton is killed by electrocution, and Carter and Saunders begin

6603-652: The same names and powers. Following the success of the Flash and Green Lantern , the name "Hawkman" was revived in The Brave and the Bold # 34 (Feb–Mar 1961), this time as an alien police officer from the planet Thanagar, though his powers were largely the same. Created by Gardner Fox and Joe Kubert , this Hawkman named Katar Hol came to Earth with his wife Shayera in pursuit of a criminal, and decided to remain on Earth to study earth police methods as well as fight crime. They adopted

6696-439: The service of an alien god. The series reveals that the curse reincarnates the character across time and space, occasionally allowing multiple incarnations to coexist. The character has been adapted into other media numerous times, with significant appearances in the animated Justice League Unlimited cartoon, which featured Hawkgirl as a main character, as well as several DC Universe Original Animated Movies . In live action,

6789-660: The soap opera style strips of the fifties and sixties". Roberts argues that strips such as Apartment 3-G "can trace their origins to the success of Raymond's strip". Although his work was rarely seen outside of the newspaper " funny pages ", as Raymond preferred to focus his energies on strip work, he also produced a number of "illustrations for Blue Book , Look , Collier's and Cosmopolitan " as well as Esquire . The "heightened realism" of Raymond's photorealistic style has been "chastised for making his pictures too realistic, too gorgeous for its own sake", although many commentators believe that this very method "plunges

6882-479: The status quo. He and his partner Shayera were sent to Earth and remained there for some years until Hol was apparently killed. This created several continuity errors. Because the new Katar Hol had only just arrived on Earth, someone else had to have been Hawkman previously. In an attempt to resolve the problem it was established through retcons that the Golden Age Hawkman and Hawkgirl had continued to operate sporadically after their supposed retirement in 1951 through

6975-451: The strips in 1944 to join the Marines , saw combat in the Pacific Ocean theater in 1945, and was demobilized in 1946. Upon his return to civilian life, Raymond created and illustrated the much-heralded Rip Kirby , a private detective comic strip. In 1956, Raymond was killed in a car crash at the age of 46. He became known as "the artist's artist" and his much-imitated style can be seen on

7068-403: The strips is harder to attribute, the scant evidence available supporting the notion that Raymond was more than simply an illustrator. However, as was relatively commonplace on such strips, published credit went to Raymond, whose name was the major selling feature; the artist even managed to gain a part-ownership deal with King Features and a better split of the profits than was usual. Rip Kirby

7161-584: The team leader in the former. The character is often depicted as either the human archaeologist Carter Hall , the modern-day reincarnation of an ancient Egyptian prince named Khufu, or as a Thanagarian police officer Katar Hol from the planet Thanagar. Both iterations of the character, at times, interchangeably used the names of one another. The 2019 Hawkman series reconciles the character's histories, retroactively revealing his incarnation as Ktar Deathbringer, an alien murderer cursed to atone for his crimes by saving as many people as he helped slaughter under

7254-452: The techniques of other photorealists like Stan Drake and Al Williamson) structured around a hypothetical storyline set during the last day of Raymond's life. Raymond married Helen Frances Williams on December 31, 1930, with whom he had five children. The names of his three daughters—Judith, Lynne and Helen—were immortalized in that of Rip Kirby's girlfriend, Judith Lynne "Honey" Dorian. The Raymonds also had two sons: Alan W. and Duncan. He

7347-435: The winged-hawk-like mask with a much simpler yellow cowl in Flash Comics #98 (Aug 1948). Along with most other superheroes, Hawkman's Golden Age adventures came to an end when the industry turned away from the genre in the early 1950s. His last appearance was in All Star Comics #57 (1951). Later in the decade, DC Comics, under editor Julius Schwartz , decided to revive a number of heroes in new incarnations, but retaining

7440-449: Was "set in contemporary times and the exotic Malay peninsula of islands, [but] was intended to hark back to the original tales of Kipling , Haggard and Burroughs ". Raymond took the war in Europe seriously enough to incorporate it into his strips, with Flash returning to Earth in the spring of 1941. Jungle Jim found himself involved in the conflict too, fighting in the U.S. Army. Raymond

7533-402: Was Raymond's reintroduction to newspaper strips after the war, and he was quick to forge a new "up-to-date" style for the strip, while keeping ties to the audience he had built up with Flash Gordon , Jungle Jim , and Secret Agent X-9 . Running alongside the post- World War II reintegration of America's military into civilian life, Rip (like Raymond) was "an ex-Marine," who "set himself up as

7626-551: Was also able to converse with birds, though not command them in the same way that, say, Aquaman could command sea creatures. Hawkman also wore special contact lenses that allowed him to detect beams and radiation. The Silver Age Hawkman also possessed a Thanagarian police space ship and a variety of science fictional weapons. All versions of Hawkman prefer to use archaic weaponry —particularly maces , nets , spears , and shields —rather than modern or futuristic weapons. The current iteration prefers this in part because, having

7719-499: Was becoming "restive about doing his duty", a restlessness increased by the knowledge that four of his five brothers were already enlisted. In February 1944, Raymond left King Features and his work on the Sunday Flash Gordon / Jungle Jim pages to join the U.S. Marine Corps , commissioned as a captain and serving in the public-relations arm. Raymond is quoted as stating "I just had to get into this fight ... I've always been

7812-459: Was beyond the moral right of any organization or government. Subsequently, Hawkman was reincarnated and given a new series in 2002 entitled Hawkman vol. 4, written initially by James Robinson and Geoff Johns , with art by Rags Morales . Justin Gray and Jimmy Palmiotti took over writing duties during the third year of the series. In 2006, the series was retitled Hawkgirl with issue #50 and given

7905-658: Was buried in St. John's Roman Catholic Cemetery in Darien, Connecticut . Alex Raymond received a Reuben Award from the National Cartoonists Society in 1949 for his work on Rip Kirby , and he later served as president of the society in 1950 and 1951. He was inducted into the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 1996. He was inducted into the Society of Illustrators Hall of Fame in 2014. Maurice Horn calls Raymond "one of

7998-562: Was delivered to the newly resurrected Carter Hall by the time-displaced Jay Garrick in JSA Book 3: "The Return of Hawkman". Later, in Superman-Batman Book 1: "Public Enemies", Hawkman used it to defeat Superman , using its Nth metal to channel the Earth's gravitational field. As he explained to Superman, "Essentially, I just hit you with the planet." All versions of Hawkman have shown enhanced levels of strength. The Golden Age Hawkman

8091-554: Was influenced by a variety of strip cartoonists and magazine illustrators, including Matt Clark, Franklin Booth , and John La Gatta . From late 1931 to 1933, Raymond assisted Lyman Young on Tim Tyler's Luck , eventually becoming the ghost artist in "1932 and 1933 ... [on] both the daily strip and the Sunday page", turning it "into one of the most eye-catching strips of the time". Concurrently, Raymond assisted Chic Young on Blondie . In 1933, King Features assigned him to do

8184-405: Was much imitated throughout the industry and became known as 'the Raymond style'. Circulation of the strip rose steadily, and it was the artist who was apportioned most of the praise – including being awarded the fourth Reuben Award in 1949. He also served as the National Cartoonists Society 's president from 1950 until 1952, putting into place the committee structure responsible for overseeing

8277-710: Was said to have the strength of 12 men but later that idea was dropped. Where as the Golden Age Hawkman's strength appeared natural, it was later explained (with the Silver Age Hawkman) that the Nth metal enables its wielders to carry great weights. The recent incarnation has interpreted this as the Nth metal simply enhancing the strength of the user. Also, several JLA and JSA stories indicate that Thanagar has greater gravity than Earth, and that Thanagarians are naturally stronger than humans because they are adapted to it, similarly to how Atlanteans (e.g. Aquaman ) are adapted to deep sea pressures . It has also been explained in

8370-494: Was subsequently adapted into many other media, from three Universal movie serials (1936's Flash Gordon , 1938's Flash Gordon's Trip to Mars , and 1940's Flash Gordon Conquers the Universe ) to a 1950s television series and a 1980 feature film . Raymond's father loved drawing and encouraged his son to draw from an early age. In the early 1930s, this led Raymond to become an assistant illustrator on strips such as Tillie

8463-541: Was the great-uncle of actors Matt Dillon and Kevin Dillon . His younger brother, Jim Raymond , was also a cartoonist, and worked as assistant to Chic Young on Blondie . On September 6, 1956, a month before his 47th birthday, Raymond was killed in an automobile accident in Westport, Connecticut . He was driving fellow cartoonist Stan Drake 's 1956 Corvette at twice the 25 mph (40 km/h) speed limit when he hit

8556-445: Was to suffer some of the greatest confusion as successive writers sought to explain his various appearances. In the revised timeline there was a single Earth which had witnessed the JSA in the 1940s and the JLA decades later. Successive revisions sought to establish exactly who had been Hawkman and Hawkwoman at different stages. For the first few years the pre-Crisis incarnations were still used, during which time they were prominent across

8649-647: Was unable to return to Flash Gordon . King Features were not prepared to usurp Austin Briggs from the Sunday strip and pointed out that Raymond had left voluntarily to enlist. Relatives of Raymond recall the artist as resenting this decision, which left him feeling "cast off with so little regard." However, King Features offered Raymond the opportunity to create a new strip. Raymond's "police daily strip," named after its central character – J. Remington "Rip" Kirby – debuted on March 4, 1946, conceived (and initially scripted) by King Features editor Ward Greene . The plotting of

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