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84-630: He was director of research emeritus at Center for International Studies and Research and at the Paris Institute of Political Studies (Sciences Po) . He has also taught at the European Center at Johns Hopkins University in Bologna . In 2003, he received the Alexis de Tocqueville award . Of Romanian Jewish origin, Pierre Hassner moved to France in 1948 at the age of fifteen with his parents who were fleeing

168-457: A Roman settlement called Divio , which may mean sacred fountain , located on the road from Lyon to Paris. Saint Benignus , the city's apocryphal patron saint , is said to have introduced Christianity to the area before being martyred. This province was home to the Dukes of Burgundy from the early 11th until the late 15th century, and Dijon was a place of tremendous wealth and power and one of

252-496: A succession crisis . Olivier Duhamel, director of the National Foundation of Sciences Po, who was accused of raping his son, resigned. Frédéric Mion and other members of the board of these institutions resigned. On 22 November 2021 Mathias Vicherat assumed office as the new director of Sciences Po. He resigned on March 13, 2024, after being ordered to stand trial on charges of domestic abuse. On March 26, Jean Bassères

336-761: A Foreign Language for those without a CEFR B1-equivalent level in French. The third mandatory year abroad is spent in the Middle East or elsewhere. Established in the region of Lorraine in 2000, the Nancy campus is located in an 18th-century heritage site, the Hôtel des Missions Royales. The curriculum is taught in French, English and German , as its regional specialisation focuses on the European Union and French-German relations. The elective languages offered are German, English, French as

420-623: A brilliant, dizzying presentation on Thucydides ... I told him that never, from a student or teacher, had I heard a speech of comparable quality." Under the direction of Aaron, he had begun a thesis, that was never completed. In 1957, he acquired French nationality. From 1992, he assumed the presidency of the Kosovo Committee. Pierre Hassner devoted himself to the study of international relations and geopolitical problems, which he wished to shed light on with philosophy. In his numerous articles and books, he offered informed and original analyses of

504-800: A degree at the University of Paris , in particular the Law Faculty). Other countries created similar schools in the following century. In 1875, the Istituto Cesare Alfieri  [ it ] in Italy (now part of the University of Florence ), at the end of the century, the École libre des sciences Politiques et Sociales in Belgium (not existing any more), the Deutsche Hochschule für Politik in Germany,

588-556: A famous article, Hassner shows that we have gone from the world of Locke ("Liberty as property, post-Cold War liberalism"), with openings on Kant ("project of perpetual peace" to be compared with the emergence of international organizations such as the United Nations , in the world of Hobbes , that is to say the war of all against all, and the search for maximum security, with overtures on Nietzsche (war as an agent of identity reaffirmation) and Marx (socio-economic disparities as

672-803: A foreign language and also Italian, Spanish, Russian, Swedish or Arabic. Opened in 2010, the campus is located in the heart of the historic city of Poitiers in the Hôtel Chaboureau, a renovated building dating from the 15th century. The regional specialisation is on Latin America and the Iberian Peninsula . The undergraduate programme is conducted mainly in French, with some courses in English and Spanish. The elective languages offered are Spanish and Portuguese . The Reims campus opened in September 2010. It

756-630: A key role in the apparatus of the French colonial empires. In 1886, the university established a colonial studies program with the goal of training students to take on professions in the colonial administration in a way that "propagates [...] a more scientific and international colonialism". Many professors and members of the ELSP administration, such as Paul Leroy-Beaulieu , chair in colonial affairs at ELSP, Joseph Chailley-Bert , Jules Cambon , Charles Jonnart , Auguste Louis Albéric d’Arenberg and Ernest Roume , were also closely linked to or worked directly with

840-573: A major role in France's political system . From 1901 to 1935, 92.5% of entrants to the Grands corps de l'État , the most powerful and prestigious administrative bodies in the French Civil Service , had studied there (this figure includes people who took civil service examination preparatory classes at Sciences Po but did not earn a degree and, in general, students were taking classes there on top of earning

924-573: A majority of the budget. The school's development under Richard Descoings led it to contract a €68 million debt by 2010. The institution took on a debt of €191 million in 2016 in order to fund the acquisition of its new Paris campus and undertake the restoration of the site. This debt is partially guaranteed by the Paris City Council . The academic bodies of Sciences Po consist of the Undergraduate College, six professional schools, and

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1008-541: A mixture of crème de cassis with white wine, traditionally Bourgogne Aligoté . Dijon is home to Dijon FCO , a football club with a men's team competing in the Championnat National and a women's team competing in the Division 1 Féminine . Dijon has a its own (Pro A) basketball club, JDA Dijon Basket . The Palais des Sports de Dijon serves as playground for the team and hosted international basketball events such as

1092-549: A network of institutes of political studies throughout the country that were inspired by its curriculum, namely in Strasbourg , Lyon , Aix , Bordeaux , Grenoble , Toulouse , Rennes and Lille . They are not to be confused with the seven campuses of Sciences Po in France. The government also established in 1945 the École Nationale d'Administration (ENA), an elite postgraduate school for training government officials. From then on,

1176-519: A renowned pharmaceutical sector. On 4 July 2015, UNESCO registered the historical centre of the city as a World Heritage site , as one of the components of the " Climats, terroirs of Burgundy " site, because of its historical importance in regulating the system of wine production in Burgundy. The earliest archaeological finds within the city limits of Dijon date to the Neolithic period. Dijon later became

1260-467: A still a valid reading grid for international relations). Thus he sees in the events of September 11 and the policies that followed (preventive wars, laws on terrorism which reinforce the powers of the State, to the detriment of freedoms) as a victory of the security conceptions of Hobbes, Nietzsche and Marx over conceptions imprinted with freedom from thinkers such as Kant and Locke). Sciences Po This

1344-516: A unique status, as the school draws most of its resources through substantial government subsidies to FNSP, but does not subject it to many government interventions and regulations, giving it a much higher level of autonomy compared to other French universities and schools. The epithet Sciences Po is applied to both entities, which inherited the reputation previously vested in ELSP . The public-private nature of Sciences Po, Paris, also distinguishes it from

1428-483: A year abroad, and introduced a multilingual curriculum in French, English, and other languages. Sciences Po also began to expand outside Paris, establishing regional campuses throughout France. During this period, Sciences Po also implemented reforms in its admissions process. Previously, Sciences Po recruited its students exclusively on the basis of a competitive examination. This system was seen to favor students from prestigious high schools. In 2001, Sciences Po founded

1512-565: Is 180 km (110 mi) away and two hours distant by standard train. The city of Nice takes about six hours by TGV and Strasbourg only 1 hour and 56 minutes via the TGV Rhin-Rhône. Lausanne in Switzerland is less than 150 km (93 mi) away or two hours by train. Dijon has a direct overnight sleeper/couchette service to Milan, Verona and Venice by the operator Thello . Numerous regional TER Bourgogne-Franche-Comté trains depart from

1596-524: Is a city that serves as the prefecture of the Côte-d'Or department and of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France . As of 2017 the commune had a population of 156,920. The earliest archaeological finds within the city limits of Dijon date to the Neolithic period . Dijon later became a Roman settlement named Divio , located on the road between Lyon and Paris. The province

1680-543: Is a member of the Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs (APSIA) and CIVICA – The European University of Social Sciences. Sciences Po was established in December 1871 as the École libre des sciences politiques (ELSP) by a group of French intellectuals, politicians and businessmen led by Émile Boutmy , including Hippolyte Taine , Ernest Renan , Albert Sorel and Paul Leroy Beaulieu . The creation of

1764-634: Is administered by a board of directors. The role of the Paris Institute of Political Studies is to ensure teaching, research and library services, like all international research universities. Its governing bodies consist of the Board of Directors, the Student Life and Education Committee and the Academic Board. The executive committee is the institution's operational steering committee. It brings together

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1848-483: Is an accepted version of this page Sciences Po ( French: [sjɑ̃s po] ) or Sciences Po Paris , also known as the Paris Institute of Political Studies ( French : Institut d'études politiques de Paris ), is a private and public research university located in Paris , France, that holds the status of grande école and the legal status of grand établissement . The university's undergraduate program

1932-737: Is created in 1960. Between 1952 and 1969, 77.5% of the ENA's graduate student intake were Sciences Po alumni. FNSP received a significant donations from the Rockefeller Foundation . FNSP published periodicals such as la Revue française de science politique , le Bulletin analytique de documentation , la Chronologie politique africaine , and the Cahiers de la Fondation as well as its seven research centres and main publishing house, Presses de Sciences Po . Political science professor Alain Lancelot led

2016-510: Is housed in the 17th century College des Jesuits . Despite being the most recent campus, it is the largest of the regional campuses of Sciences Po, with over 1,600 undergraduates. Over half of their students are international. [2] The campus offers two regional specialisations, one on North America (taught in English) and the other on Africa (taught in French). Additionally, through a partnership with

2100-614: Is one of the ten most important fairs in France. Dijon is also home, every three years, to the international flower show Florissimo . Dijon has numerous museums such as the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Dijon , the Musée Archéologique , the Musée de la Vie Bourguignonne, the Musée d'Art Sacré , and the Musée Magnin . It also contains approximately 700 hectares of parks and green space , including

2184-526: Is produced industrially and over 90% of mustard seed used in local production is imported, mainly from Canada. In 2008, Unilever closed its Amora mustard factory in Dijon. Dijon mustard shops sell exotic or unusually-flavoured mustard (fruit-flavoured, for example), often sold in decorative hand-painted faience (china) pots. Burgundy is a world-famous wine growing region, and notable vineyards, such as Vosne-Romanée and Gevrey-Chambertin , are within 20 minutes of

2268-500: Is taught in French. The elective languages offered are Hungarian , Polish , Romanian , Russian and Czech . Located on the coast of Normandy , Le Havre has hosted the undergraduate Euro-Asian Programme (taught in English) since 2007. The elective languages offered are Chinese , Japanese and Korean , and French as a Foreign Language courses for students without a B1-equivalent level. Students primarily choose to spend their third year abroad in an Asian country. Established in

2352-537: Is taught on the Paris campus as well as on the decentralized campuses in Dijon , Le Havre , Menton , Nancy , Poitiers and Reims , each with their own academic program focused on a geopolitical part of the world. While Sciences Po historically specialized in political science , it progressively expanded to other social sciences such as economics , law and sociology . The school was established in 1872 by Émile Boutmy as

2436-548: The A38 and A6 motorways. The A31 provides connections to Nancy, Lille and Lyon. The A39 connects Dijon with Bourg-en-Bresse and Geneva, the A36 with Besançon , Mulhouse and Basel . The Canal de Bourgogne passes through the heart of Dijon and creates a navigable route to Paris in the north-west via the river Yonne , a tributary of the river Seine , and to the Saône river 25 km to

2520-596: The Cold War . In his theories on totalitarianism and post-Cold War] world political evolution, he analyzed Chinese and Russian political regimes and, to qualify them, coined the neologism of "democrature", to denote States which are no longer under totalitarian regime but are not yet democracies and therefore hide their authoritarian nature under a democratic facade (parliamentary and constitutional democracy in Russia or in China ). In

2604-545: The Fondation nationale des sciences politiques (FNSP), a private non-profit foundation , and the Institut d’études politiques de Paris or Paris Institute of Political Studies, a public higher education institution . These two bodies constitute Sciences Po, which is the official term used to designate them collectively. The FNSP is responsible for the strategic direction and administrative and financial management of Sciences Po. It

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2688-533: The French Resistance . In order for the school not to be replaced, the director Roger Seydoux, his aid Jacques Chapsal and the school's most famous professor, André Siegfried, excluded those among the school's staff who were most compromised with the Vichy regime and Nazi Germany, and defended the school against accusation of collaboration and built up a communication campaign to save the school. The choice regarding

2772-804: The French Riviera city of Menton in 2005, the campus is located in an entirely renovated 19th-century building overlooking the Mediterranean. According to the Sciences Po brochure, the Menton Campus' regional specialisation is on the Middle Eastern and the Mediterranean, and it welcomes 300 students each year. The undergraduate programme is taught through two language tracks (French or English) and several elective languages are offered: Arabic , Turkish , Italian , Spanish , Persian , Hebrew , and French as

2856-574: The Hôtel de l’Artillerie , a 17th-century former monastery of 14,000 m located 200 meters from its campus on rue Saint-Guillaume, from the French Ministry of Defense and refurbished the building for a total cost of around 200 million euros. The new facility which opened in 2022, hosts 7 graduate schools including School of Public Affairs, Paris School of International Affairs , Law School, Urban School, School of Management and Impact, Journalism School and

2940-453: The Institut d'études politiques de Paris (IEP). In late 2016, Sciences Po acquired a new site, the Hôtel de l'Artillerie in the 7th arrondissement of Paris to expand its campus. In 2021, Sciences Po was hit by the Duhamel scandal , mainly put forward by the best-seller book La Familia Grande and newspaper articles from Le Monde and Nouvel Obs , a sexual violence scandal one and

3024-694: The Jardin botanique de l'Arquebuse . Dijon is home to the prominent contemporary art centre Le Consortium , a fine-arts school (ENSA), as well as a number of art galleries like the Fonds régional d'art contemporain , which holds a permanent collection including pieces by locally established artist Yan Pei-Ming . Apart from the numerous bars, which sometimes have live bands, some popular music venues in Dijon are : Le Zenith de Dijon, La Vapeur, l'Espace autogéré des Tanneries and l'Atheneum. Dijon mustard originated in 1856, when Jean Naigeon of Dijon substituted verjuice ,

3108-584: The May 68 crisis. Under Chapsal, Sciences Po expands geographically. After the acquisition of the Hôtel de La Meilleraye (56–58, rue des Saints-Pères), just across Sciences Po's lawn, the school bought the hôtel de La Bretesche at number 30, rue Saint-Guillaume, just in front of the main building. In 1976, the Presses de Sciences Po (Sciences Po's publishing company) is created. In 1956, Sciences Po created its first PhD program. The CEVIPOF, Center for Political Research,

3192-457: The Puits de Moïse or Well of Moses , a monumental sculpture by Claus Sluter . The church of Notre Dame is famous for both its art and architecture. Popular legend has it that one of its stone relief sculptures, an owl ( la chouette ) is a good-luck charm : visitors to the church touch the owl with their left hands to make a wish. (The current carving was restored after it was damaged by vandalism in

3276-491: The University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA) , the Reims Campus offers a dual degree in social sciences & humanities and life sciences entitled "Environment, Society, Sustainability." The elective languages offered are English, Spanish, German, Italian or Arabic, and French as a foreign language for students who do not have a B1 level of French. Sciences Po operates under a dual governance model composed of two entities:

3360-731: The University of Sydney , the National University of Singapore , the University of Hong Kong , and the University of California at Berkeley. The current dean of the Undergraduate College is Stéphanie Balme . In 2021, 15,284 students applied to the Undergraduate College across all three admissions pathways (the exam procedure, the Equal Opportunity Programme, and the international procedure). 1,630 students were accepted, for an admission rate of 7%. Sciences Po has an acceptance rate of around 10% on Parcoursup (the national admissions platform for higher education) in 2021. At

3444-606: The Vichy regime and Nazi Germany Communist politicians including Georges Cogniot accused the school to be the "home of collaboration" with Nazi Germany and proposed abolishing the ELSP entirely and founding a new state-run administration college on its premises. The school, however, had also trained eight out of the thirteen ministers of the Provisional Government of the French Republic , and several prominent members of

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3528-528: The École libre des sciences politiques in the aftermath of the Franco-Prussian War as a private institution to form a new French elite that would be knowledgeable in political science, law and history. It was a pioneer in the emergence and development of political science as an academic field in France. Following World War II , the school was nationalized and re-established as a public institution. As of 2021, 80% of Sciences Po graduates are employed in

3612-828: The Columbia School of Political Science (now merged into the Columbia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences ), the London School of Economics in the United Kingdom, and, after WW1 , for the School of Foreign Service from Georgetown University in the United States and the Geneva Graduate Institute in Switzerland. The connection between Sciences Po and French institutions meant that the school also played

3696-399: The Doctoral School. The Sciences Po Undergraduate College offers a three-year Bachelor of Arts degree with a multidisciplinary foundation in the humanities and social sciences with emphasis on civic, linguistic, artistic, and digital training. In the first year, students take foundational courses in six disciplines - economics, history, humanities, law, political science, and sociology. In

3780-665: The Equal Opportunity Program, widening its admissions policy. This program enables the institution to recruit high-potential students at partner high schools in more disadvantaged parts of France who, due to a social, academic, and financial constraints, would not otherwise have been able to attend Sciences Po. As a consequence, from 2001 to 2011, the proportion of scholarship students at Sciences Po went from 6 to 27 percent with around 30% of all students at Sciences Po currently receiving some form of scholarship. The reforms Descoings spearheaded were at times controversial and his leadership style came under heavy criticism. A further report by

3864-417: The French Court of Audit in 2012 severely criticized the financial management of the bonuses and salaries under Descoings. After the sudden death of Richard Descoing, Frédéric Mion , was appointed director of Sciences Po on 1 March 2013. Mion's intention to pursue Sciences Po's development as a "selective university of international standing" is detailed in the policy paper "Sciences Po 2022", published in

3948-446: The French government to ensure "the progress and the spread, both within and outside France, of political science, economics, and sociology". The FNSP, a private foundation, manages the IEP de Paris , owns its buildings and libraries, and determines its budget. The two entities work together in lockstep, however, as the director of the school is, by tradition, also the administrator of FNSP. This institutional arrangement gives Sciences Po

4032-399: The Grands Corps de l'Etat were obliged to recruit new entrants from ENA. Sciences Po became the school of choice for those hoping to enter the ENA, and so retained its dominant place in educating high-ranking officials. From 1947 to 1979, Sciences Po is directed by Jacques Chapsal , who replaced his mentor Roger Seydoux and led the school through the Trente Glorieuses expansion as well as

4116-474: The MiniCrit. At the tournament, students represent each campus and compete against one another in arts and athletic competitions. Different events include athletic games such as volleyball and football, as well as artistic competitions such as music and dance. The Paris campus is spread across several buildings concentrated around the Boulevard Saint-Germain in the 6th and 7th arrondissements . The historic centre of Sciences Po at 27 rue Saint-Guillaume houses

4200-452: The School of Research. It is home to the scientific department and the institute of innovation as well as the Sciences Po's Center for Entrepreneurship. It will provide social housing for 50 to 100 students with need-based aid from the State. Located in the region of Burgundy in a 19th-century building, the Dijon campus was created in 2001. The regional specialisation is on the European Union, specifically Central and Eastern Europe , and

4284-440: The United Kingdom to the Mediterranean. Dijon is an important railway junction for lines from Paris to Lyon and Marseille , and the east–west lines to Besançon , Belfort , Nancy , Switzerland, and Italy. The Dijon-Ville station is the main railway station, providing service to Paris-Gare de Lyon by TGV high-speed train ( LGV Sud-Est ), covering the 300 km (190 mi) in one hour and 40 minutes. For comparison, Lyon

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4368-435: The acidic "green" juice of not-quite-ripe grapes, for vinegar in the traditional mustard recipe. In general, mustards from Dijon today contain white wine rather than verjuice. Dijon mustard is not necessarily produced near Dijon, as the term is regarded as genericized under European Union law , so that it cannot be registered for protected designation of origin status. Most Dijon mustard (brands such as Amora or Maille )

4452-404: The centre and river Loire via the Canal du Centre . These waterways were largely completed before the 19th century and were the main means of industrial transport until the railways began taking over in the mid-19th century. Today they form a water route for mostly pleasure craft between northern Europe and the south. For example the route through Dijon is popular with those sailing their boats from

4536-428: The city center. The town's university boasts a renowned enology institute. The road from Santenay to Dijon is known as the " route des Grands Crus ", where eight of the world's top ten most expensive wines are produced, according to Wine Searcher. The city is also well known for its crème de cassis , or blackcurrant liqueur , used in the drink known as " Kir ", named after former mayor of Dijon canon Félix Kir ,

4620-433: The city's central district date from the 18th century and earlier. Dijon architecture is distinguished by, among other things, toits bourguignons (Burgundian polychrome roofs) made of glazed terracotta tiles of various colours arranged in geometric patterns. Dijon was largely spared the destruction of wars such as the 1870 Franco-Prussian War and the Second World War, despite the city being occupied. Therefore, many of

4704-400: The city's central district date from the 18th century and earlier. Dijon's architecture is distinguished by, among other things, toits bourguignons (Burgundian polychrome roofs) made of glazed terracotta tiles of various colours arranged in geometric patterns. Dijon holds an International and Gastronomic Fair every year in the northern-hemisphere autumn. Dijon also hosts every three years

4788-447: The colonial government. The colonial branch of ELSP closed in 1893 after a state-sponsored Colonial School was created in 1889; however positions in the administrations of French colonies and protectorates continued to accept graduates from the ELSP. Sciences Po underwent significant reforms in the aftermath of World War II in 1945. At France's liberation from Nazi occupation , the public servants were accused of collaborating with

4872-438: The communist regime. The same year, he read The Great Schism by Raymond Aron , a book that left a deep impression upon him. He joined the École normale supérieure , obtaining the agrégation in philosophy in 1955. He became one of the students of Raymond Aron and Leo Strauss . In his Memoirs published in 1983, Raymond Aron wrote: "In I do not know what circumstances, Pierre Hassner, who sometimes attended my classes, gave

4956-484: The day while summers are warm to hot and humid with frequent thunderstorms. Dijon has a large number of churches, including Notre Dame de Dijon , St. Philibert, St. Michel, and Dijon Cathedral , dedicated to the apocryphal Saint Benignus, the crypt of which is over 1,000 years old. The city has retained varied architectural styles from many of the main periods of the past millennium, including Capetian, Gothic and Renaissance . Many still-inhabited townhouses in

5040-465: The department its name. Dijon lies 310 km (193 mi) southeast of Paris, 190 km (118 mi) northwest of Geneva , and 190 km (118 mi) north of Lyon . Dijon features an oceanic climate (Cfb) with continental influence under the Köppen climate classification . The city is highly influenced by its position far inland in Northeastern France. Thus, winters are cool to cold with moderate frosts at night and thawing conditions during

5124-422: The directors of Sciences Po's various divisions and offices under the authority of the President of Sciences Po. The executive committee implements the strategic direction and makes operational decisions on running and managing the institution. Sciences Po's own resources have grown significantly. They have been multiplied by six: from €18.3 million in 2000 to €127.2 million in 2018. These resources now account for

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5208-410: The evolution of international conflicts during the Cold War era, and after the fall of the Berlin Wall . He thus became involved in the political debate at the time of the war which divided the peoples of the former Yugoslavia between 1991 and 1995. His research focuses on war , violence and totalitarianism , international relations notably in the history of political thought and in Europe after

5292-500: The future of the school would be made by France's Provisional Government, under Charles de Gaulle . The alumni Michel Debré , Jules Jeanneney and Roger Grégoire decided that the school would be preserved but transformed in a new structure. Two separate legal entities were created: the Institut d'études politiques (English: Institute of political studies) and the Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques (English: National Foundation of Political Science ) or FNSP. Both were tasked by

5376-540: The graduate level, Sciences Po's seven schools offer one- and two-year Master's programmes and PhD programmes. All graduate programmes are delivered on the Sciences Po campus in Paris. Sciences Po also hosts dual Master's programmes with international partners. Students enrolled in these dual degree programmes spend one year at Sciences Po in Paris and one year at the partner university. Dijon Dijon ( UK : / ˈ d iː ʒ ɒ̃ / , US : / d iː ˈ ʒ oʊ n / ; French: [diʒɔ̃] )

5460-406: The great European centres of art, learning, and science. The Duchy of Burgundy was key in the transformation of medieval times toward early modern Europe . The Palace of the Dukes of Burgundy now houses the Hôtel de Ville (City Hall) and the musée des Beaux-Arts (Museum of Fine Arts). In 1513, Swiss and Imperial armies invaded Burgundy and besieged Dijon, which was defended by the governor of

5544-426: The head office, classrooms and the central library since 1879; it is located in a hôtel particulier called Hôtel de Mortemart . It is also home to Sciences Po's two largest teaching halls, the Amphitheatres Émile Boutmy and Jacques Chapsal. Other buildings include: The Paris campus enrolls about 3,000 undergraduate students, almost a third of whom are international exchange students. Sciences Po purchased in 2016

5628-498: The international flower show Florissimo . Dijon has become famous for Dijon mustard , which originated in 1856, when Jean Naigeon of Dijon substituted verjuice , the acidic "green" juice of not-quite-ripe grapes, for vinegar in the traditional mustard recipe. Dijon is a green city with an important tertiary sector, as well as a regional economic centre with a diversified fabric, a traditional food-processing center (Dijon crême de cassis and kir, gingerbread, Lanvin chocolate...) and

5712-470: The night of 5 and 6 January 2001). The Grand Théâtre de Dijon, built in 1828 and one of the main performing venues of the Opéra de Dijon , was declared a monument historique of France in 1975. It was designed by the Dijon-born architect Jacques Cellerier (1742–1814) in the Neo-classical style with an interior modelled on Italian opera houses. Dijon is located approximately 300 km (190 mi) southeast of Paris, about three hours by car along

5796-471: The old buildings such as the half-timbered houses dating from the 12th to the 15th centuries (found mainly in the city's core district) are undamaged, at least by organized violence. Dijon is home to many museums, including the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Dijon in part of the Ducal Palace (see below). It contains, among other things, ducal kitchens dating back to the mid-15th century, and a substantial collection of primarily European art, from Roman times through

5880-416: The present. Among the more popular sights is the Ducal Palace , the Palais des Ducs et des États de Bourgogne or "Palace of the Dukes and the States of Burgundy" ( 47°19′19″N 5°2′29″E  /  47.32194°N 5.04139°E  / 47.32194; 5.04139 ), which includes one of only a few remaining examples of Capetian period architecture in the region. Many art interested visitors flock to

5964-498: The private sector. Sciences Po Paris is the only Institute of Political Sciences in France allowed to refer to itself with the epithet "Sciences Po" without indicating the name of the city where their headquarters are located, under a legal agreement with the other institutes. They are allowed to use the term "Sciences Po" to refer to themselves only when followed by the names of the cities where they are located, such as " Sciences Po Lille " or " Sciences Po Grenoble ". The institute

6048-553: The province, Louis II de la Trémoille . The siege was extremely violent, but the town succeeded in resisting the invaders. After long negotiations, Louis II de la Trémoille managed to persuade the Swiss and the Imperial armies to withdraw their troops and also to return three hostages who were being held in Switzerland. During the siege, the population called on the Virgin Mary for help and saw

6132-600: The same station. There is another railway station east of the city centre, Dijon-Porte-Neuve station , on the line to Is-sur-Tille and Culmont-Chalindrey. A new tram system opened in September 2012. Line T1 is an 8.5 kilometres (5.3 miles) line with 16 stations running west–east from the Dijon railway station to Quetigny . Line T2 opened in December 2012, an 11.5 km (7.1 miles) north–south line with 21 stations running between Valmy and Chenôve. Dijon holds its International and Gastronomic Fair every year in autumn. With over 500 exhibitors and 200,000 visitors every year, it

6216-405: The school between 1987 and 1997. He prepared for the school's vice-director, Richard Descoings, to become the director of Sciences Po. Under the directorship of Descoings, the school incorporated courses in various branches of the social sciences on top of political science, such as law, economics, history, and sociology. In addition, the school began requiring all its undergraduate students to spend

6300-478: The school was in response to widespread fears that the inadequacy of the education of the French political elite corps would diminish the country's international stature, as France grappled with a series of crises, including its defeat in the 1870 Franco-Prussian War , the demise of Napoleon III 's regime , and the upheaval and massacre resulting from the Paris Commune . The founders of the school sought to reform

6384-624: The second year, students choose a multidisciplinary major – Politics & Government, Economics & Societies, or Political Humanities. The third year is spent abroad on an exchange programme with a partner university. In addition, each campus offers a different regional specialisation which anchors students' intellectual objectives, the regions are: Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, Middle East-Mediterranean, and North America. Sciences Po offers dual bachelor's degrees with Columbia University , Keio University , University College London , Freie Universität Berlin , University of British Columbia ,

6468-772: The south-east. The canal joins the Saône at Saint-Jean-de-Losne which is the barging centre of France and Europe. In addition to the connection to the Atlantic via the Seine it has navigable water connections to the Mediterranean—via the Saône to the Rhône river at Lyon and further south (ultimately west to the Atlantic via the Canal du Midi )—Germany and central Europe—via the Rhône-Rhine canal —plus west to

6552-509: The spring of 2014. He restructured the graduate studies by creating graduate schools, leading to the creation of the School of Public Affairs and the Urban School in 2015 and the School of Management and Innovation in 2016. In early 2016, Sciences Po updated its governance structure, adopting new statutes for its two constituent bodies: the Fondation nationale des sciences politiques (FNSP) and

6636-635: The town's history: it shows the town before all subsequent destruction (particularly that which occurred during the French Revolution) and is an example of 16th-century art. A system of purified water for the citizens of Dijon was constructed by Henry Darcy a quarter-century before Paris was so supplied. Dijon was also occupied by anti-Napoleonic coalitions in 1814, by the Prussian army in 1870–71, and by Nazi Germany beginning in June 1940, during WWII, when it

6720-437: The town's successful resistance and the subsequent withdrawal of the invaders as a miracle. For those reasons, in the years following the siege, the inhabitants of Dijon began to venerate Notre-Dame de Bon-Espoir (Our Lady of Good Hope). Although a few areas of the town were destroyed, there are nearly no signs of the siege of 1513 visible today. However, Dijon's museum of fine arts has a large tapestry depicting this episode in

6804-407: The training of the French political and economic elite by establishing a new "breeding ground where nearly all the major, non-technical state commissioners were trained." His innovative intellectual axis was to teach contemporary history, whereas political elites had only been taught ancient humanities for centuries, which they could still learn in universities at the same time. The École acquired

6888-624: Was bombed by US Air Force B-17 Flying Fortresses, before the liberation of Dijon by the French Army and the French Resistance, 11 September 1944. Dijon is situated at the heart of a plain drained by two small converging rivers: the Suzon , which crosses it mostly underground from north to south, and the Ouche , on the southern side of town. Farther south is the côte , or hillside, of vineyards that gives

6972-401: Was home to the Dukes of Burgundy from the early 11th until the late 15th centuries, and Dijon became a place of tremendous wealth and power, one of the great European centres of art, learning, and science. The city has retained varied architectural styles from many of the main periods of the past millennium, including Capetian, Gothic , and Renaissance . Many still-inhabited townhouses in

7056-459: Was named interim director. In April 2024, Sciences Po became one of the epicenters of French student protests against the Israel–Hamas war . Sciences Po has seven campuses in France, with each specialising in different regions of the globe. Every May, at the end of the academic year, all seven campuses come together for the inter-campus Collégiades de Sciences Po tournament, also known as

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