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104-508: Macs made from 1984 to 1998 used Old World ROM as the boot loader for all Macs produced around that time period. From 1998 up until the PowerPC to Intel transition , New World ROM was used for all Macs starting with the first iMac and later expanding to the first iBook and the Blue and White Power Mac G3 . Most Intel-based Macs used Apple's implementation of EFI as the boot loader, while those with

208-446: A 486 or Pentium ; these models are therefore capable of running MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows applications, typically Windows 3.1 (for earlier PC Compatible machines pre-1995) or Windows 95 (for later PC Compatible machines since 1995). Machines with "MP" in their name denote machines that include two CPUs. These early models had two distinct generations. The first generation uses the PowerPC 601 and 603 processors and used

312-516: A T2 security chip used a slightly different approach where it verifies the digital signature of the EFI firmware via the security chip, which will then load the firmware upon successful verification. All Apple silicon -based Macs use a newer method separate from previous Macs where it uses a boot ROM located on the SoC to launch iBoot , in a similar manner to that of the iPhone and iPad . In all instances,

416-496: A Macintosh LC with its 68020 CPU being swapped out for an 88100 and a 68020 emulator. This prototype was able to use an unmodified Macintosh Toolbox ROM and could boot into System 7 . A few months later, a second prototype was created, utilizing a Macintosh IIsi case with the now-completed Motorola 88100 chip. Jaguar wasn't initially intended to be a high-volume mainstream system. Instead, mass-market RISC systems would follow sometime later. After Gassée left Apple in early 1990,

520-465: A Macintosh boots into the classic Mac OS ( Mac OS 9 or lower), the system will play its startup chime, and the screen will turn gray. The Happy Mac icon will appear, followed by the "Welcome to Mac OS" splash screen (or the small "Welcome to Macintosh" window in System 7.5 and earlier), which underwent several stylistic changes, the other significant ones being the inclusion of extension icons appearing in

624-481: A PowerPC chip were a line of IBM RS/6000 workstations in September 1993. Many Macintosh application developers used these machines for the development of the initial PowerPC ports of their products, as Macintosh-based PowerPC development tools were not ready. The PowerPC 603 (which focused on lowering power usage) and 604 (which focused on high performance) projects were also underway at the same time. In July 1992,

728-488: A Quad-core 2.5 GHz system. Not only was this the first Apple computer with four processing cores, it was the first to incorporate PCI Express instead of PCI-X for internal expansion. It also required an IEC 60320 C19 power connector that was more common on rackmounted server hardware, instead of the industry-standard C13 connector used with personal computers. The official end to the Power Macintosh line came at

832-482: A Sad Mac error on startup when it is accessed before booting into an operating system. On some Macintoshes such as PowerBook 540c, if the user presses the command and power keys before the boot screen is displayed, only the Chimes of Death are played. Depending on the model, the chimes would play much faster or slower than normal and there is no Sad Mac displayed. Old World ROM Power Macintosh and PowerBook models based on

936-520: A chip, called the RISC Single Chip (RSC), to reduce the production cost of their entry-level RS/6000 workstation systems. In these meetings, a number of changes were proposed to RSC that would facilitate lower costs, lower power usage, and higher yield production suitable for both the Macintosh and future RS/6000 products. In early July, executives at the three companies reached an agreement which

1040-471: A comparably-specced Pentium II-450 in an Office applications suite test, while Photoshop 5.0 was faster by 26%. And in 2003, Maximum PC ran a variety of gaming, Photoshop and LightWave 3D benchmarks, and reported that the Dual 1.25 GHz G4 system was about half the speed of a dual-processor Intel Xeon Prestonia 2.8 GHz system. A related criticism leveled at Power Mac systems from this time, particularly

1144-606: A costly external transceiver to connect to a network. By the early 1990s, the networking industry was coalescing around the 10BASE-T connector, leading Apple to include this port alongside AAUI in mid-1995, starting with the Power Macintosh 9500 . The Power Macintosh G3 excluded the AAUI port. The Power Mac G4 (AGP Graphics) was released in the second half of 1999; it was the first Power Macintosh to include only industry-standard internal and external expansion. For some years afterwards,

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1248-463: A couple of them being Reekes' Wavestation and an Oberheim Matrix-6 . A slightly lower-pitched version of this chime is in all PCI-based Power Macs until the iMac G3 . The Macintosh LC , LC II, and Macintosh Classic II do not use the Reekes chime, instead using an F major fifth chord programmed in software that just produces a "ding" sound. The first generation Power Macintosh computers also do not use

1352-444: A desktop with a monitor on top. The Quadra 630 form factor is a horizontally-oriented design with a height of 4.3 inches , suitable for placing a monitor on top. The Performa 6400 form factor is a mini-tower design, suitable for being placed beside a monitor. The IIvx form factor is a horizontally-oriented desktop form factor with a height of 6 inches , suitable for placing a monitor on top. The Power Macintosh 7500 form factor

1456-532: A full 64-bit architecture. It also introduced a significantly revised enclosure design, replacing the use of plastics with anodized aluminum alloy. Reviews were generally positive. InfoWorld described the G5 as "Apple's best work yet", and said it "delivers on the present need for rapid computing, deep multitasking, and responsive user interfaces — as well as the future need for mainstream computers that rapidly process and analyze massive data sets." PC Magazine again awarded

1560-479: A height of 5.4 inches , suitable for horizontal placement with a monitor on top. The Power Macintosh 5200 is an all-in-one form factor with specifications and internal designs similar to the Quadra 630. Collectively these machines are sometimes referred to as the "Power Macintosh/Performa 5000 series". The Centris 610 form factor is a low-profile "pizza-box" design with a height of 3.4 inches , intended to be placed on

1664-466: A high-powered Compaq or Dell computer against the Power Macintosh in a series of benchmarks and scripted tasks, usually in Adobe Photoshop . These presentations often showed the Power Macintosh besting Intel's Pentium chips by margins significantly exceeding 50%, but independent benchmarks did not bear this out. InfoWorld reviewer Jennifer Plonka reported that the 400 MHz G3 was 11% slower than

1768-506: A new Happy Mac was included. This is also the last version with a Happy Mac icon. In 2002, with the release of version 10.2 , the Happy Mac symbol was retired and replaced with the Apple logo. In OS X Lion 10.7, the Apple logo was slightly shrunk and added a drop-in shadow. In OS X Yosemite 10.10, the white screen with a gray Apple logo was replaced with a black screen with a white Apple logo, and

1872-512: A number of third parties created dongles that provided backwards compatibility to users of newer Power Mac systems with old hardware. This included companies like Griffin Technology, MacAlly Peripherals, Rose Electronics and many others. In some cases, these companies produced adapters that matched the aesthetic design of the Power Mac. Shortly after Steve Jobs ' return to Apple in 1997, Jony Ive

1976-537: A reason for the crash, along with the corresponding error code. Starting in System 7 , the operating system would present a standard error dialog box if it believed it could manage the recovery process, resulting in the forced termination of the application. It was later replaced with a kernel panic in Mac OS X, which was originally colored white in Mac OS X Jaguar but was changed to black in Mac OS X Panther . A kernel panic

2080-649: A rename to "Power Mac", five major generations of PowerPC chips, and a great deal of press coverage, design accolades, and controversy about performance claims. It was discontinued as part of the Mac transition to Intel processors announced in 2005, making way for its replacement, the Mac Pro . The first Power Macintosh models were released in March 1994, but the development of Power Macintosh technology dates back to mid-1988. Jean-Louis Gassée , president of Apple's product division, started

2184-578: A rhythm of drums and cymbals, all of which were also composed with the U-20. In the case of the Power Macintosh/Performa 6200 and 6300, the aforementioned death chime plays before the screen lights up for these models while the 8-note arpeggio similar to that found in the Quadra and Centris series plays after the screen lights up. The pre-G3 PCI Power Macs, the beige G3 Power Macs, the G3 All-In-One, and

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2288-639: A socket (but soldered to the motherboard in some models). All Macs prior to the iMac , the iBook , the Blue and White Power Mac G3 and the Bronze Keyboard (Lombard) PowerBook G3 use Old World ROM, while said models, as well as all subsequent models until the introduction of the Intel -based EFI Models, are New World ROM machines. In particular, the Beige Power Mac G3 and all other beige and platinum-colored Power Macs are Old World ROM machines. In common use,

2392-568: A sound of a single pass of the Roland D-50 's "Digital Native Dance" sample loop and a couple of sound effects from the Roland U-20 , while the NuBus -based Power Macintosh models (including the 6100, 7100, and 8100 series) use a car crash sound. The Power Macintosh and Performa 6200 and 6300 series along with the Power Macintosh (PowerPC) upgrade card use an eerily dramatic 3-note brass fanfare with

2496-451: A working product and the project was cancelled in 1989. By early 1990, Apple was in contact with a number of RISC vendors to find a suitable hardware partner. The team that had created the IIfx independently started experimenting with creating a new Macintosh product that would combine a Motorola 68030 processor with an AMD Am29000 (29k) RISC chip. Apple had already released a product built on

2600-571: A year before being discontinued, and was not considered a sales success (150,000 units were sold, about one-third of Apple's projections), but the distinctive design of both the computer and its accompanying Harman Kardon speakers prompted the Museum of Modern Art in New York City to retain them in their collection. The PowerPC chips in the G3 and G4 became a central part of Apple's branding and marketing for

2704-616: Is a family of personal computers designed, manufactured, and sold by Apple Computer, Inc as the core of the Macintosh brand from March 1994 until August 2006. Described by Macworld as "the most important technical evolution of the Macintosh since the Mac II debuted in 1987", it is the first computer with the PowerPC CPU architecture, the flagship product of the AIM alliance . Existing software for

2808-468: Is a horizontally-oriented desktop design with a height of 6.15 inches , suitable for placing a monitor on top. The Quadra 800 form factor is a mini-tower design, with a width of 7.7 inches . The Power Macintosh 9600 form factor is a mini-tower design with a width of 9.7 inches . Starting with the Power Macintosh G3, Apple changed its product naming to include the generation of PowerPC CPU, with

2912-473: Is a protective action initiated by the operating system's kernel when it identifies a critical internal error. The initial kernel panic in Mac OS X 10.0 presented a conventional Unix-style panic notification. Starting with Mac OS X Jaguar, the system provides a multilingual alert to the user, indicating that the computer needs to be restarted. In OS X Mountain Lion and beyond, the computer will reboot automatically, and

3016-544: The Advanced Computing Environment . This deal was canceled due to Microsoft being a major partner in the ACE Consortium, as well as concerns about manufacturing capability. The Intel i860 was eliminated from consideration due to its high complexity. Apple did not consider IBM's POWER1 processor as an option, believing that IBM would not be willing to license it to third parties. In mid-1990, Apple chose

3120-598: The Centris 660AV and Quadra 840AV , including the Apple Adjustable Keyboard , Apple AudioVision 14 Display , GeoPort , and PlainTalk . The new case designs introduced with the Centris 610 and Quadra 800 had also originated in the Jaguar team. By mid-1991, there was internal concern at Apple that the 88100 may not be the correct processor to move forward with as no other computer manufacturers had committed to using

3224-546: The Chimes of Death sound. Since the Old World ROM usually boots to Toolbox, most OSs have to be installed using a boot loader from inside Mac OS ( BootX is commonly used for Linux installations). 68K-based Macs and NuBus Power Macs must have Mac OS installed to load another OS (even A/UX , which was an Apple product), usually with virtual memory turned off. PCI Power Macs can be configured to boot into Open Firmware, allowing

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3328-582: The Macintosh equivalent of a beep code on IBM PC compatibles . On all Macintosh models predating the adoption of PCI and Open Firmware , the Chimes of Death are often accompanied by a Sad Mac icon in the middle of the screen (more information about the Sad Mac is above). Different Macintosh series have different death chimes . The Macintosh II is the first to use the death chimes, a loud and eerie upward major arpeggio , with different chimes on many models. The Macintosh Quadra , Centris , Performa , LC , and

3432-503: The Macintosh Classic II play a generally softer and lower pitched version of the upward major arpeggio, followed by three or four notes, with slight variations depending on the model of the Macintosh. The PowerBook 5300, 190, and 1400 use the second half of the 8-note arpeggio as found on the Quadra and Centris models, or the entire death chime if the error occurs before the screen lights up. The Macintosh Quadra/Centris 660AV use

3536-474: The Macintosh II crash silently and display the Sad Mac without playing any tone. In 68k models made after the Macintosh II , a series of sounds known as the Chimes of Death (see below) are played. Most PowerPC Macs play a sound effect of a car crash, while computers equipped with a PowerPC upgrade card use a three note brass fanfare death chime (A, E-natural, and E-flat) with the sound of drums and cymbals at

3640-794: The Macintosh IIvx 's desktop case, and a high-end 8100 based on the Quadra 800 's mini-tower case. A fourth project, the Macintosh Processor Upgrade Card , was started in July 1993 to provide a straightforward upgrade path to owners of Centris- and Quadra-based Macintosh computers. The importance of this was especially significant for the Quadra 700, 900, and 950, which were not going to receive full logic board replacements. Computers upgraded in this fashion received new names such as "Power Macintosh Q650" and "Power Macintosh 900". The original plan

3744-498: The Macintosh clone market also prompted Apple to produce its own inexpensive machine using parts and production techniques that were common in both the clone market and the Wintel desktop market at the time. The Power Macintosh 4400 (sold as a 7220 in Asia and Australia) employed bent sheet metal instead of plastic for its case internals, and included a standard ATX power supply . Alongside

3848-506: The Motorola 68k processors of previous Macintoshes do not run on it natively, so a Mac 68k emulator is in System 7.1.2. It provides good compatibility, at about two-thirds of the speed of contemporary Macintosh Quadra machines. The Power Macintosh replaced the Quadra and was initially sold in the same enclosures. Over the next twelve years, it evolved through a succession of enclosure designs,

3952-411: The Motorola 88110 , an as-yet unfinished chip that combined the 88100 CPU and 88200 FPU into a single package. For the rest of the year, Apple's engineers developed a 68k emulator that would work with this future chip. This project became known as "RLC", short form "RISC LC", a play on the name of Apple's upcoming Macintosh LC computer. By January 1991, the engineering team had produced a prototype of

4056-543: The PCI architecture do not use a Sad Mac icon and will instead only play the error/car-crash sound on a hardware failure (such as missing or bad memory, unusable CPU, or similar errors). An equivalent to the Sad Mac on macOS is a Universal "no" symbol introduced in Mac OS X 10.2 Jaguar and later, which denotes a hardware or software error that renders the computer non-bootable as well as indicating that an incorrect OS has been found (as mentioned earlier). The Chimes of Death are

4160-494: The PowerBook 5300 and 1400 ), to indicate a severe hardware or software problem that prevented startup from occurring successfully. The Sad Mac icon is displayed, along with a set of hexadecimal codes that indicate the type of problem at startup. Different codes exist for different errors. This is in place of the normal Happy Mac icon, which indicates that the startup-time hardware tests were successful. Most models made prior to

4264-433: The Quadra 800 . Reekes said, "The startup sound was done in my home studio on a Korg Wavestation EX . It's a C major chord, played with both hands stretched out as wide as possible (with 3rd at the top, if I recall)." He created the sound as he was annoyed with the tri-tone startup chimes because they were too associated with the death chimes and the computer crashes. He recalls that Apple did not give him permission to change

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4368-572: The parameter RAM . If a bootable disk is found, the Happy Mac logo is displayed, and control is handed over to the Mac OS. If no disk to boot from is present, an icon depicting a floppy disk with a blinking question mark in the middle will be displayed. If a hardware problem occurs during the early part of the boot process, the machine will display the Sad Mac icon with a hexadecimal error code and freeze; on Macs made after 1987, this will be accompanied by

4472-408: The "Jaguar" project to create a computer that would be the fastest desktop computer on the market, capable of voice commands. This was originally envisioned to be a new computer line altogether, not a Macintosh, and the Jaguar team was initially kept independent of the Macintosh team. This separation included operating system development, with the newly conceived " Pink " operating system considered for

4576-603: The "Old World" designation usually applies to the early generations of PCI -based "beige" Power Macs (and sometimes the first NuBus -equipped models), but not the older Motorola 68000 -based Macs; however, the Toolbox runs the same way on all three types of machines. PCI Power Macs with an Old World ROM contain an Open Firmware implementation, and a copy of the Macintosh Toolbox as an Open Firmware device. These machines are set to boot from this device by default, thus starting

4680-488: The 1980s, but we didn't think we could establish the next generation of computing by using that model in the 1990s. Working with IBM, and making it available to everyone, we can have a much wider impact with these technologies than we did with the Macintosh." Development of the PowerPC 601 chip started in October 1991 and was completed in 21 months, with volume production starting in July 1993. The first computers to ship with

4784-525: The 2006 Worldwide Developers Conference, where Phil Schiller introduced its replacement, the Mac Pro . The G5's enclosure design was retained for the Mac Pro and continued to be used for seven more years, making it among the longest-lived designs in Apple's history. The Power Macintosh models can be broadly classified into two categories, depending on whether they were released before or after Apple introduced its "four quadrant" product strategy in 1998. Before

4888-694: The 29k, the Macintosh Display Card 8•24 GC, a so-called " Macintosh Toolbox accelerator" NuBus card that provides significantly faster drawing routines than those included on the Macintosh ROM. The team's experiments resulted in a 68020 emulator implemented in RISC, but the 29k project was dropped in mid-1990 due to financial infeasibility. Apple evaluated CPU architectures including MIPS , SPARC , i860 , and ARM —which would be much later used across many Apple product families. Negotiations with Sun included

4992-401: The 5200 LC was well received by critics for its design, performance, and cost, both it and the 6200 suffered from stability issues (and in the case of the 5200, display issues as well) that could only be solved by bringing the machine to an Apple dealer for replacement parts. By mid-1995, the burgeoning Power Macintosh line had all but completely supplanted every prior Macintosh line, with only

5096-485: The 6100/60 noted that "Not only has Apple finally regained the performance lead it lost about eight years ago when PCs appeared using Intel's 80386 CPU, but it has pushed far ahead." The performance of 680x0 software is slower due to the emulation layer, but MacWorld's benchmarks showed noticeably faster CPU, disk, video, and floating-point performance than the Quadra 610 it replaced. By January 1995, Apple had sold 1 million Power Macintosh systems. Speed-bumped versions of

5200-401: The 8100/100, to 7:37 for the 8500/120. They also noted that the 8500 runs an average of 24 to 44 percent faster than a similarly clocked Intel Pentium chip, increasing to double on graphics and publishing tasks. The transition to PCI continued into 1996, with the introduction of the all-in-one 5400, desktop 6300/160 (usually sold as a Performa 6360), and mini-tower 6400 models. The success of

5304-418: The Chimes of Death (for most Old World ROM Macs made from 1987 to 1998) or a series of simple beep codes (for Macs made from 1998 onwards). In addition, a Sad Mac with either one or two lines of hexadecimal codes will be displayed on some Old World ROM machines to visually indicate a hardware issue during the boot process. All Macs made from 2016 to 2020 have the startup chimes disabled by default, however, it

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5408-490: The Early 2016 MacBook), the Apple logo appears as soon as the screen turns on rather than after the startup chime. The design of the Happy Mac was reused as the icon for Face ID , introduced in iOS 11 for iPhone and iOS 12 for iPad. A bomb screen was an error message used on the classic Mac OS in the event of a software error in the operating system. The screen was first seen on the original Macintosh in 1984, displaying

5512-521: The G4 Mirrored Drive Doors, was the increased fan noise level compared to older systems. By the time the Power Mac G5 was unveiled at Apple's Worldwide Developers Conference in July 2003, Apple's desktop range had fallen significantly behind competing computers in performance. The G5 closed much of this gap by moving to the PowerPC 970 processor with clock speeds up to 2.0 GHz, and

5616-626: The Mac startup chime is a registered trademark in the United States, and is featured in the 2008 Pixar film WALL-E when the titular robot character is fully recharged by solar panels as well as in the 2007 Brad Paisley song " Online ". Starting with the 2016 MacBook Pro, all new Macs were shipped without a startup chime, with the Macs silently booting when powered on. The startup chime would later be added to these models (and all subsequent models since) with

5720-468: The Power Mac G5 with its Award for Technical Excellence for 2003. However, the G5's heavy weight (10 pounds more than the previous year's Quicksilver Power Mac G4), limited internal expansion options, issues with ground loop , and noise in the single-processor models' power supply units resulted in significant criticism of the product. Apple also continued to make unsubstantiated performance claims about

5824-530: The Power Macintosh and PowerBook series from 1995 until 1998. The 20th Anniversary Macintosh also uses another unique sound generated from the Korg Wavestation as well, with a modified version of a preset from one of its sound expansion cards. The chime for all Mac computers from 1998 to early 2016 is the same chime that was first introduced in the iMac G3. It was produced by pitch-shifting the 840AV's startup chime, making it an F-sharp major chord. As of 2012,

5928-489: The Power Macintosh line were introduced at the beginning of 1995, followed in April by the first PowerPC 603 models: an all-in-one model called the Power Macintosh 5200 LC and a replacement for the Quadra 630 called the Power Macintosh 6200 . Performa variants of these machines were sold as well, continuing the practice of re-branding other Macintosh models for sale in department stores and big-box electronics retailers. While

6032-639: The Power Macintosh. For example, the Blue and White G3 features the letters "G3" on the side that are fully one-third the height of the entire case, a significant departure from the small labels typically used on prior Macintosh computers. And when the Power Mac G4 was introduced, print ads included pictures of the G4 chip and mentioned its AltiVec instruction set by its own marketing name, "Velocity Engine". A related element of Apple's marketing strategy, especially after mid-2001,

6136-482: The PowerBook 2400, 3400, and G3 all use the sound of popping and glass shattering; these models do not display a Sad Mac icon. With the introduction of the iMac in 1998, the Chimes of Death are no longer used in favor of a series of tones to indicate hardware errors. Old World ROM Old World ROM computers are the Macintosh (Mac) models that use a Macintosh Toolbox read-only memory (ROM) chip, usually in

6240-450: The ROM, which greatly varies depending on Macintosh model. For models built prior to the introduction of the Power Macintosh in 1994, the failure of initial self-diagnostic tests results in a Sad Mac icon, an error code, and (later) the distinctive Chimes of Death sounds. The startup chime in the first three Macintosh models is a simple square-wave "beep" programmed by Andy Hertzfeld , utilizing

6344-426: The Reekes chime, instead using a chord strummed on an Ovation steel-string acoustic guitar by jazz guitarist Stanley Jordan , using his finger tapping technique. Furthermore, the Power Macintosh 5200–6300 computers (excluding the 5400 and 5500 , which uses the same "bong" chime found in all PCI-based Power Macs) use a unique chime composed with a Fairlight CMI , which is also in the television commercials for

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6448-418: The boot procedure is the same. Toolbox executes a memory test, enumerates Mac OS devices it knows about (this varies from model to model), and either starts the on-board video (if present) or the option ROM on a NuBus or PCI video card. Toolbox then checks for a disk in the floppy drive, and scans all SCSI buses for a disk with a valid System Folder, giving preference to whatever disk is set as the startup disk in

6552-413: The bottom left as well as a progress bar that was introduced in System 7.5. Mac OS 8.6 and later include the version number in the splash screen (for example, "Mac OS 9" in big black text). On early Macs without an internal hard drive , the computer boots up to a point where it needs to load the operating system from a floppy disk . The Mac displays a floppy disk icon with a blinking question mark until

6656-464: The computers' MOS 6522 VIA chip , and all subsequent sounds are various chords . Software engineer Mark Lentczner used the Apple Sound Chip, his innovation of sound for the Macintosh, and created the software that plays the C major fourth chord in the Macintosh II . Variations of this sound were deployed until Apple sound designer Jim Reekes created the startup chime in the Quadra 700 through

6760-459: The condition that Sun would use the Macintosh interface for its SPARC workstation computers in exchange for Apple using Sun's SPARC processors in Macintosh workstations; the deal was canceled due to Apple's concern that Sun could not produce enough processors. Negotiations with MIPS to use the R4000 processor also included the condition that the Macintosh interface would be available as an alternative to

6864-404: The decision was made to scale back the ambition of the initial system software release; instead of attempting to create a completely new kernel, Apple focused on producing a version of System 7 where portions of the existing Macintosh Toolbox ROM were rewritten to use native PowerPC code instead of emulating a 680x0. This provided a significant performance boost for certain highly utilized parts of

6968-474: The end of 1993, it was becoming clear that Intel's PCI bus was going to be the widely adopted future of internal expansion. Apple's position as a relatively small player in the larger personal computer market meant that few device manufacturers invested in creating both NuBus- and PCI-compatible versions of their cards. The first PCI-based system was the range-topping Power Macintosh 9500 , introduced in May 1995. This

7072-526: The end, taken from the Power Macintosh/Performa 6200 and 6300 . A Sad Mac may be deliberately generated at startup by pressing the interrupt switch (Also known as the Programmer's Key) on Macintosh computers that had one installed or by pressing Command and Power keys shortly after the startup chime. These functions normally opened up a debugger window within the operating system but triggers

7176-478: The entire lifetime of the Power Mac G4. The introduction of the Blue and White G3 mini-tower also marked the end of the desktop and all-in-one Power Macintosh case designs, the latter being replaced by the iMac . A second model called the Power Mac G4 Cube was introduced in 2000, which fitted the specifications of a mid-range Power Mac G4 into a cube less than 9" in each axis. This model was on sale for about

7280-473: The faces of the 1934 painting Deux personnages (Two Characters) by Pablo Picasso and to the Bauhaus emblem. The icon remained unchanged for many years until it and its related icons were updated to 8-bit color by Lauralee Alben. The Happy Mac indicates that booting has successfully begun, while a Sad Mac (along with a "Chimes of Death" melody or one or more beeps) indicates a hardware or software problem. When

7384-475: The firmware to load a boot loader directly, or they can use a specially-prepared floppy disk to trick the Toolbox into loading a kernel (this is used for Linux installation floppy images). The simplest way to identify an Old World ROM Mac is that it will not have a factory built-in USB port. Only New World ROM Macs featured a USB port as factory equipment. Power Mac The Power Macintosh , later Power Mac ,

7488-497: The first pre-PowerPC model of Macintosh to use a particular form factor, followed by a slash and the speed of the CPU. For example, the Power Macintosh 6300/120 uses the Quadra 630 's form factor and has a 120 MHz CPU. Machines with "AV" in their name denote variants that include extended audio-video capabilities. Machines with "PC Compatible" or "DOS Compatible" in their name include a separate card with an x86-compatible CPU, typically

7592-420: The goal of the Jaguar project was refocused to be a mainstream Macintosh system instead of a new platform. The Jaguar project was folded into the Macintosh team in early 1991. While the Jaguar project itself never came to fruition, and Taligent never resulted in a functional operating system, many of the elements originally developed by the Jaguar hardware and software teams were brought to market in mid-1993 with

7696-644: The high-end Quadra 950 and two low-cost education models (the all-in-one Macintosh LC 580 and desktop LC 630 ) remaining in production. The competitive marketplace for "accelerator cards" that had existed for earlier Macintosh systems largely disappeared due to the comparatively low price of Apple's Macintosh Processor Upgrade Card (US$ 600). DayStar Digital sold upgrade cards for the IIci and various Quadra models, and full motherboard replacements were available from Apple as well. Macintosh clones from companies like DayStar Digital and Power Computing were also coming to

7800-611: The introduction of the Power Macintosh G3 (Blue and White) in 1999, Apple had shipped Power Macintosh-labelled machines in nine different form factors, some of which were carry-overs from pre-PowerPC product lines, such as the Quadra/Centris 610 and the IIvx . This was reduced to one model in the new product strategy, with the exception of the Power Mac G4 Cube in 2000 and 2001. Apple named Power Macintosh models from this period after

7904-406: The key combination ⌘ Cmd + ⌥ Option + O + F while booting. All Power Macs emulate a 68LC040 CPU inside a nanokernel ; this emulator is then used to boot the predominantly 68k-based Toolbox, and is also used to support applications written for the 68k processor. Once Toolbox is running, PPC machines can boot into Mac OS directly. On all Old World ROM machines, once Toolbox is loaded,

8008-478: The market at this time, undercutting Apple's prices. When the Power Macintosh was introduced, it included the same internal and external expansion connections as other Macintosh models, all of which (save for audio input and output) were either wholly proprietary to, or largely exclusive to Apple computers. Over the next five years, Apple replaced all these ports with industry-standard connectors. The first generation of Power Macintoshes had shipped with NuBus, but by

8112-471: The message will subsequently appear as a warning that can be skipped. A Sad Mac is a symbol in older-generation Apple Macintosh computers (hardware using the Old World ROM and not Open Firmware , which are those predating onboard USB), starting with the original 128K Macintosh and ending with the last NuBus -based Power Macintosh models (including the first-generation 6100 , 7100 , 8100 , as well as

8216-623: The new Power Mac. This resulted in the Advertising Standards Authority for the United Kingdom banning Apple from using the phrase "the world's fastest, most powerful personal computer" to describe the Power Mac G5 after independent tests carried out by the Broadcast Advertising Clearance Centre determined the claim to be false. Another claim made by Steve Jobs at the 2003 Worldwide Developers Conference

8320-499: The new computer. Jaguar was also not intended to be a high-volume, mainstream system. Gassée's preference, as it was with the upcoming Macintosh IIfx , was to create a product that would compete in the high-end workstation market, previously not an area of strength for Apple. The decision to use RISC architecture was representative of a shift in the computer industry in 1987 and 1988, where RISC-based systems from Sun Microsystems , Hewlett-Packard , and IBM were significantly outpacing

8424-603: The new startup chime in Big Sur to all Big Sur-supported Macs as well as the unsupported 2013 iMac. A Happy Mac is the normal bootup (startup) icon of an Apple Macintosh computer running older versions of the Mac operating system . It was designed by Susan Kare in the 1980s, drawing inspiration from the design of the Compact Macintosh series and from the Batman character Two-Face . The logo also shares some similarities to

8528-629: The normal Macintosh startup procedure. This can be changed, just as on New World ROM Macs, but with limitations placed on what devices and formats can be used; on these machines, particularly the early machines like the Power Macintosh 9500 , the Open Firmware implementation was just enough to enumerate PCI devices and load the Toolbox ROM , and these Open Firmware revisions have several bugs which must be worked around by boot loaders or nvramrc patches. The Open Firmware environment can be entered by holding

8632-416: The old NuBus / PDS expansion slots, while the second generation uses the faster 603e, 604 and 604e chips as well as industry-standard PCI expansion slots. The second generation also makes use of Open Firmware , allowing them to more easily boot alternate operating systems (including OS X via XPostFacto ), though use of various hacks was still necessary . The Power Macintosh 4400 is a desktop case with

8736-476: The only Power Macintosh to include both ADB and USB. Another port that was retired during this time is the Apple Attachment Unit Interface . This was a proprietary version of the industry-standard Attachment Unit Interface connector for 10BASE5 Ethernet that Apple had created to avoid confusion with the 15-pin connector that Apple used for connecting external displays. The AAUI port required

8840-456: The operating system, particularly QuickDraw . The first public demonstration of the new Power Macintosh — specifically, a prototype of what would become the Power Macintosh 6100 – was at an Apple Pacific sales meeting in Hawaii in October 1992. The demo was a success, and in the following months, the product plan expanded to include three models: the entry-level 6100, a mid-range 7100 housed in

8944-435: The performance offered by systems based on Motorola 's 68020 and 68030 processors and Intel 's 80386 and 80486 CPUs . Initially, Apple invested considerable time and effort in an attempt to create their own RISC CPU in a project code-named "Aquarius", even to the point where a Cray-1 supercomputer was purchased to assist with designing the chip. The company lacked the financial and manufacturing resources to produce

9048-456: The processor. Using IBM's POWER was again considered, but it was a seven-chip design at the time, which was not desirable from a cost perspective. Engineers from Apple and IBM's Advanced Workstations and Systems Division met in Austin, Texas to discuss creating a single-chip version of IBM's POWER1 RISC architecture. Motorola was also present at Apple's request. IBM had already been working on such

9152-528: The release of macOS Big Sur in 2020, which can be enabled or disabled in System Preferences. The new startup chime found in Big Sur is similar to the previous one but was pitch-shifted down one semitone, producing an F major chord instead of an F-sharp major chord. A similar-sounding variant of this startup chime was also used in the "Simplicity Shootout" commercial that was shown during the iMac G3's introduction in 1998. Initially, this revised startup chime

9256-600: The same time. This was a departure from prior practice at Apple; they had typically released upgrade packages months after the introduction of new Macintoshes. The Power Macintosh was formally introduced at the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts in Manhattan on March 14. Pre-orders for the new Power Macintosh models were brisk, with an announced 150,000 machines already having been sold by that date. MacWorld's review of

9360-421: The sound but that he secretly snuck the sound into the computers with the help of engineers who were in charge of the ROM chips. When Apple discovered this, he refused to change it, using various claims in order to keep the new sound intact. He is also the creator of the iconic (or "earconic", as he calls it) "bong" startup chime in most Macintoshes since the Quadra 840AV . It was created with multiple synthesizers,

9464-518: The spinning wheel was replaced with a loading bar. This loading bar would be slightly moved to near the bottom of the screen starting with macOS Sonoma 14. However, this only applies to Macs from 2013 and later, including the 2012 Retina MacBook Pros, and requires a firmware update to be applied. All earlier Macs still use the old screen. The shadow on the Apple logo was removed in OS X El Capitan 10.11 (for 2012 and earlier Macs). In 2016 and later Macs (excluding

9568-415: The startup chimes will be heard upon completion of the boot process (if successful), and a Happy Mac (or the Apple logo on newer versions) will be displayed on the screen to visually indicate that no hardware issues were found during the boot process. On the other hand, a failure to do so will result in a different outcome where a different sound will be heard in place of the startup chime. This would either be

9672-428: The transition to PCI, Apple began a gradual transition away from SCSI hard disks to IDE as a cost-saving measure, both for themselves and for users who wanted to upgrade their hard drives. The low-end 5200 and 6200 were the first to adopt IDE internal drives, though Apple's proprietary 25-pin external SCSI connector remained. The beige Power Macintosh G3 models being the last to include SCSI drives as standard, and it

9776-502: The user inserts the correct disk. In New World ROM Macs, a folder icon with a question mark that repeatedly changes to the Finder icon is shown if a System Folder or boot loader file cannot be found on the startup disk. With the introduction of Mac OS X , in addition to the blinking system folder icon, a prohibition icon was added to show an incorrect OS version is found, which was first introduced in Mac OS X 10.2 . With Mac OS X 10.1 ,

9880-429: Was appointed senior vice president of industrial design. Building on the critical and commercial success of the iMac , Ive and his team created an entirely new case design for the Power Macintosh G3, combining many of the aesthetic principles of the iMac (curves, translucent plastics, use of color) with the ease-of-access characteristics of the company's popular " Outrigger " Macintosh models from previous years. The result

9984-403: Was followed shortly afterwards by the introduction of the "Power Surge" line of second-generation Power Macintosh systems – the Power Macintosh 7200 , 7500 and 8500 . The 8500 and 9500 were built around the new PowerPC 604 , offering speeds starting at 120 MHz. InfoWorld 's review of the 8500 showed a speed improvement in their "business applications suite" benchmark from 10 minutes with

10088-496: Was formally announced to the public in October. In addition to the new RISC architecture, which was given the name PowerPC , this " AIM alliance " had several goals, including creating an operating system based on Pink, an object-oriented scripting language called ScriptX, and a cross-platform media player called the Kaleida Media Player . Of the alliance, John Sculley said, "The Macintosh strategy paid off very well for us in

10192-465: Was later re-enabled on those Macs running macOS Big Sur or later; this can be disabled by the user within System Preferences (Big Sur up to Monterey ) or System Settings ( Ventura and later). The Macintosh startup chime is played on power-up, before booting into an operating system. The sound indicates that diagnostic tests were run immediately at startup and have found no hardware or fundamental software problems. The specific sound differs depending on

10296-412: Was only included on Intel-based Macs with a T2 security chip , with most of the other models at the time (including older ones) still having the previous one. Eventually, the new startup chime was brought over to all older supported Macs starting with the macOS Big Sur 11.0.1 beta. A firmware update included in the macOS Catalina 2020-001 Security Update and the macOS Mojave 2020-007 Security Update brought

10400-402: Was that the company would be selling a 3 GHz G5 by mid-2004; this never happened. Three generations of Power Mac G5 were released before it was discontinued during the Mac transition to Intel processors . The announcement of the transition came in mid-2005, but the third generation of G5 systems was introduced towards the end of 2005. Most notably in this generation was the introduction of

10504-408: Was the Power Macintosh G3 (Blue and White) , a machine that received considerable plaudits from reviewers, including PC Magazine ' s Technical Excellence Award for 1999. "The Power Mac provides the fastest access to the insides of a computer we've ever seen," they wrote. "Just lift a handle and a hinged door reveals everything inside." This case design, code-named "El Capitan", was retained through

10608-478: Was the last Macintosh to include the external SCSI connector. When the Power Macintosh G3 (Blue and White) was introduced in early 1999, the port was replaced by two FireWire 400 ports. The Blue and White G3 was also the last Macintosh to include Apple Desktop Bus ports, a proprietary technology created by Steve Wozniak to connect keyboards, mice and software protection dongles such as those from Avid Technology . Two USB ports were also included, making this

10712-485: Was to highlight what they described as the " Megahertz myth ", challenging the belief that a processor's clock speed is directly correlated with performance. This had become important with the introduction of Intel's Pentium 4 , which featured significantly higher clock speeds than competing chips from Sun, IBM, and AMD , but without a corresponding performance benefit. The company's public presentations – Stevenotes in particular – often featured lengthy segments pitting

10816-580: Was to release the first Power Macintosh machine on January 24, 1994, exactly ten years after the release of the first Macintosh . Ian Diery, who was EVP and general manager of the Personal Computer Division at the time, moved the release date back to March 14 in order to give manufacturing enough time to build enough machines to fill the sales channels and to ensure that the Macintosh Processor Upgrade Card would be available at

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