West London is the western part of London , England, north of the River Thames , west of the City of London , and extending to the Greater London boundary.
60-581: Hanworth is a district of West London , England. Historically in Middlesex , it has been part of the London Borough of Hounslow since 1965. Hanworth adjoins Feltham to the northwest, Twickenham to the northeast and Hampton to the southeast, with Sunbury-on-Thames to the southwest. The name is thought to come from the Anglo-Saxon words "haen/han" and "worth", meaning "small homestead". During Edward
120-502: A common pit and the heads displayed on pikes at Westminster Hall . Samuel Pepys wrote in his diary that he saw the heads there on 5 February. The body of Bradshaw's wife was also exhumed from Westminster Abbey and, along with the remains of other Parliamentarians buried at Westminster, reburied in a common pit at St Margaret's, Westminster . Some sources claim that the body of Bradshaw had previously been removed by his son, James or John Bradshaw, who re-buried his father's remains on
180-506: A geographical description in the 19th century. Like other areas of the capital, West London grew rapidly in the Victorian era as a result of railway-based commuting; with the building of the termini at Paddington and Marylebone , and the lines radiating from them, having a particularly profound effect. This trend continued in the twentieth century and was subsequently reinforced by motorcar-based commuting. The size of London stabilised after
240-513: A hill near Martha's Brae on Jamaica and marked the spot with a cannon. A location now known as "Gun Hill" is 2.5 miles south-west of the northern port city of Falmouth , in Trelawny Parish . One of the three men had children who removed to Highland County, Virginia . James Bradshaw acquired the land in Jamaica where his father's remains were buried. Several sources recorded an inscription with
300-524: A house in Hanworth, near Hampton Road West, and part of it was used as the chapel. After the Second World War, in 1947, it was originally decided that a Nissen hut should be used to house the chapel. However, when the architect Nugent Cachemaille-Day was approached, he decided that a proper church should be built, and a site on the opposite side of Hampton Road West was chosen. The Parish of All Saints
360-538: Is also the home of Hanworth Sports FC, since 2002. Hanworth Air Park Leisure Centre & Library (formerly Feltham Airparcs), also in Hanworth Air Park, has a gym and a swimming pool. Staines Rugby Football Club The Reeves play home games and train at a rugby ground in Snakey Lane. Soil in Hanworth varies between gravel close to the surface and a clay-rich loam, with very narrow belts of alluvium closest to
420-774: Is on the northern edge of the district, situated on the boundary between Feltham and Hanworth in the Hanworth Park ward. There are no underground ('tube') stations serving the area, but the nearest ones are Hounslow East (to the north) and Hatton Cross (to the west); both stations are on the Heathrow branch of the Piccadilly line . London bus routes serving Hanworth are: the 111 , 285 , 290 , 490 , H25 and R70 . The 2011 ethnic groups of Hanworth were: [REDACTED] London portal [REDACTED] Media related to Hanworth at Wikimedia Commons West London The term
480-470: Is thought to have carried Watling Street over the Thames in the vicinity. Tradition dates the foundation to the 7th Century AD with written records dating back to the 960s or early 970s. The Island and surrounding area became known as Westminster in reference to the church. The legendary origin is that in the early 7th century, a local fisherman named Edric ferried a stranger in tattered foreign clothing over
540-609: Is used to differentiate the area from other informal radial divisions of London, the Metropolitan Compass ; North London , East London and South London . The term "West London" has been used for a variety of formal purposes with the boundaries defined according to the purposes of the designation. The 2011 iteration of the London Plan included an altered "West" sub-region, to be used for planning, engagement, resource allocation and progress reporting purposes. It consists of
600-467: Is used to differentiate the area from the other parts of London: Central London , North London , East London and South London . West London was part of the historic county of Middlesex . Early West London had two main focuses of growth, the area around Thorney Island , site of Westminster Abbey and the Palace of Westminster , and ribbon development heading west - towards Westminster - from gates in
660-709: The Duke of Hamilton , Lord Capell , the Earl of Holland and Eusebius Andrews , for which he was well rewarded. After wars in Scotland and Ireland, the Long Parliament had still not dissolved itself or called for re-elections. On 30 April 1653, Oliver Cromwell declared Parliament and the Council dissolved and soon assumed rule as Lord Protector calling elections for a new Parliament himself. After that date Bradshaw served as commissioner of
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#1732852150065720-633: The English Restoration by his nephew and heir Charles Cottington who sold it in 1670 to Sir Thomas Chamber . Chamber died in 1692, and was succeeded by his son Thomas. Thomas Chamber left two daughters and co-heiresses, and Hanworth passed, through agreement on marriage of the elder, to Vere Beauclerk, who was created Baron Vere , of Hanworth in 1750. The manor was inherited by his son and heir, Aubrey, in 1781, who succeeded his cousin as Duke of St. Albans six years later but who sold it shortly after 1802 to James Ramsey Cuthbert. Frederick John Cuthbert
780-524: The London Boroughs of Brent , Harrow , Ealing , Hammersmith and Fulham , Hillingdon , Hounslow and Richmond upon Thames . As well as including outer areas of West London, the sub-region also includes areas south of the river, not usually counted as part of West London; areas of the cross-river London Borough of Richmond upon Thames . The 2004-2008 and 2008-2011 versions of the sub-region varied in their composition. The W (Western) postcode area
840-647: The Mayor of London in 2011 referred to the London boroughs of Brent , Harrow , Ealing , Hammersmith and Fulham , Hounslow , Richmond , and Hillingdon as West London. Some parts of West London, such as Westminster and the West End are also a part of Central London , an area which also lacks precise definition. The London Borough of Richmond upon Thames spans the River Thames so its status can be ambiguous. The term West London
900-547: The walls of the City of London . In the 17th century these areas of growth would be linked by high status new developments, which formed a focal point in their own right, later becoming known as the West End of London . The development of the area began with the establishment of the Abbey on a site then called Thorney Island , the choice of site may in part relate to the natural ford which
960-477: The 12th century, has been described as London's First West End . From the 15th to 17th centuries, growth along the roads from Ludgate ( Fleet Street and The Strand ) and Newgate ( Holborn and High Holborn ) accelerated, and came to extend far beyond Farringdon Without, into Holborn , Bloomsbury and Westminster . Urban growth extending from the Westminster urban area, linked up with that extending from
1020-473: The 1830s the current building known as Hanworth Park House was built. This building is currently sitting derelict in the middle of Hanworth Park . A local campaign is running to restore the house. By the end of the 19th century, William Whiteley , of Whiteleys in Bayswater , had bought 200 acres (0.81 km) of farmland that had previously been Butts and Glebe farms. Renamed Hanworth Farms, these supplied all
1080-575: The Atlantic; Walter Sickert recorded Miss Earhart's Arrival in a painting now owned by the Tate Gallery . There is a public house nearby named "The Airman" in recognition of its close proximity to the aerodrome, and a large aircraft propeller sculpture marks the site of the General Aircraft factory. Feltham District Council purchased the park in 1956. Feltham Swimming Baths was built on parkland beside
1140-634: The City in the time of Henry VIII . It was at around that time that Westminster first acquired City status. In the mid 17th century Henry Jermyn , was instrumental in developing the St James's and Mayfair districts of Westminster. These districts provided a fashionable new focus for western London, that came to be known as the West End . Jermyn would become known as the Father of the West End . In 1720, John Strype 's "Survey of London" described Westminster as one of
1200-476: The City, ensured that western London was the fastest growing part of early London. The growth of the City of London beyond its city walls was much faster outside the western gates of Ludgate and Newgate than it was outside the gates to the north or to the east; this rapid growth was due to the roads from these western gates leading to the political centre of Westminster. The large and prosperous extra-mural ward of Farringdon Without , extensively urbanised during
1260-710: The Confessor ’s time, Hanworth was a sparsely populated manor and parish held by Ulf, a "huscarl" of the King. Huscarls were the bodyguards of Scandinavian Kings and were often the only professional soldiers in the Kingdom. The majority of huscarls in the kingdom were killed at Hastings in 1066, and William the Conqueror granted Hanworth to Robert under Roger de Montgomery , the Earl of Arundel and Shrewsbury. After his death, his second son held
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#17328521500651320-459: The Crown, and Henry VIII , who enjoyed hunting on the heath surrounding the village , gave the manor to Anne Boleyn for life. After her execution, the manor returned to the King who held it until his death in 1547 but passing to Katherine Parr , who lived in the house with her stepdaughter Princess Elizabeth . When the princess became Queen, she stayed at Hanworth Manor several times, often hunting on
1380-561: The Duchy, jointly with Thomas Fell, until mounting differences with Cromwell culminated in his resignation in 1654. Bradshaw, an ardent Republican, became an opponent of the Protectorate . In 1654, he was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Stafford and Cheshire , but because he refused to sign the recognition pledge put on Members to declare their recognition of the new army-backed government, he took no seat for either constituency. In 1655,
1440-526: The House. During these disorders, the Council of State still assembled at the usual place and the: Lord President Bradshaw, who was present, though by long sickness very weak and much extenuated, yet animated by his ardent zeal and constant affection to the common cause, upon hearing Col Syndenham's justifications of the proceedings of the army in again disrupting parliament, stood up and interrupted him, declaring his abhorrence of that detestable action, and telling
1500-523: The King again he would be "the first man in England to do it". Charles II returned to power in 1660. On 30 January 1661, the twelfth anniversary of the regicide, the bodies of Bradshaw, Cromwell and Henry Ireton were ordered to be exhumed and displayed in chains all day on the gallows at Tyburn. At sunset, the three bodies that had been displayed publicly as those of the three judges being executed posthumously were all beheaded. The bodies were thrown into
1560-656: The London Plan's thirty-eight Opportunity Areas are part of West London; Kensal Canalside , Paddington , Earl's Court and West Kensington , Harrow and Wealdstone , Park Royal , Old Oak Common , Southall , Tottenham Court Road , Victoria, Wembley and White City . London Heathrow Airport is a major employer in West London, and the University of West London has more than 47,000 students. John Bradshaw (judge) John Bradshaw (12 July 1602 – 31 October 1659)
1620-556: The Major-General in charge of Cheshire, Tobias Bridge , persuaded leading gentry not to enter Bradshaw as the county's parliamentary candidate at elections to the next parliament. After Oliver Cromwell died in 1658, his son Richard succeeded him as Lord Protector and reinstated Bradshaw as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. Bradshaw was elected MP for Cheshire in the Third Protectorate Parliament in 1659. During
1680-501: The Thames to Thorney Island . It was a miraculous appearance of St Peter , a fisherman himself, coming to the island to consecrate the newly built church, which would subsequently develop into Westminster Abbey. He rewarded Edric with a bountiful catch when he next dropped his nets. Edric was instructed to present the King and St. Mellitus, Bishop of London with a salmon and various proofs that
1740-636: The Uxbridge Road in 1965, later refurbished and renamed Feltham Airparcs Leisure Centre. That public sports facility was renamed in 2010 as Hanworth Air Park Leisure Centre & Library The construction of an elevated M3 feeder road (now part of the A316 ) in the 1970s cut Hanworth in two; in preparation for this, the library was relocated to Mount Corner , so-named for being opposite the Hanworth Park House icehouse mound. Forge Lane Infants and Junior School
1800-422: The area include the boroughs of Brent and Harrow , taking ancient Watling Street as the boundary in those outer areas. The Grand Union Canal is West London's major internal waterway. West London is bordered by the administrative counties of Surrey to the south west and south; Berkshire to the west and north west; Buckinghamshire to the north west; and Hertfordshire to the north. A publication by
1860-492: The authority of the court and would not plead. After declaring Charles I guilty as a "Tyrant, Traitor, Murderer, and a public enemy," Bradshaw did not allow the king any final words. Under English law, a condemned prisoner was no longer alive and therefore did not have the right to speak, and Bradshaw followed this tradition strictly. It is said that he dined at Odstone Hall in Leicestershire , then his property, after signing
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1920-486: The basis of the Ordnance Survey maps today. In 1797, the manor house was destroyed by fire, leaving only the stable block, which survives today as flats, and the coach house, which was converted into homes. c. 1799 a new house was built on the same site known as Hanworth House. In 1827 the house and estate of c. 680 acres (known as Hanworth Great Park), including three farms was sold outright to Henry Perkins. During
1980-514: The cannon found on Gun Hill, Jamaica, and attribute the quote Rebellion to tyrants is obedience to God to John Bradshaw. While some political philosophers have defended Bradshaw, most legal authorities have taken the view expressed in 1999 by Michael Kirby (then a Justice of the High Court of Australia ) that the High Court of Justice for the trial of Charles I , of which Bradshaw was president,
2040-507: The consecration had already occurred . Every year on 29 June, St Peters day, the Worshipful Company of Fishmongers presents the Abbey with a salmon in memory of this event. The Palace of Westminster subsequently developed, with Parliament being based there from its establishment in 1265. The presence of the centre of government as a distinct focus for growth, accompanied by the proximity of
2100-400: The council, that being now going to his God, he had not patience to sit there to hear his great name so openly blasphemed; and thereupon departed to his lodgings, and withdrew himself from public employment. He died on 31 October 1659, aged 57. He was buried with great honours at Westminster Abbey . The eulogy was given by John Rowe . On his deathbed Bradshaw said that if called upon to try
2160-712: The establishment of the Metropolitan Green Belt shortly after the Second World War . West London is an informally and inexactly defined area lying north of the River Thames and extends west from the edge of the City of London , to West London's historic and commercial core of Westminster and the West End , on to the Greater London boundary, much of which is formed by the River Colne . Some interpretations of
2220-709: The heath. In 1784, General Sir William Roy , the military draughtsman, supervised the Principal Triangulation of Great Britain project. That measured a base line from King's Arbour, across Hounslow Heath passing through Hanworth Park, to Hampton Poor House. This measurement, which earned the General the Copley medal of the Royal Society , was the origin of all subsequent surveys of the United Kingdom , and still forms
2280-504: The land until his death in the Mowbray conspiracy of 1098, after which it passed to his eldest son, Robert de Bellesme , who also rebelled against the Crown in 1102 with the result that the lands were confiscated. Towards the end of the 14th century, the manor was occupied by Sir Nicholas Brembre , who was Mayor of London in 1377 and 1378. Sir Nicholas was hanged at Tyburn in 1387, having been accused of treason. In 1512, Hanworth came to
2340-520: The nearby Peace Farm, Marple (his father farmed at both) and baptised on 10 December in Stockport Church . As a child he attended the free school at Stockport, as well as schools in Bunbury and Middleton . During his teenage years he also attended The King's School, Macclesfield . According to local tradition he wrote the following inscription on a gravestone at either Macclesfield or Bunbury: He
2400-635: The peerage as Baron Cottington of Hanworth, referring to his Hanworth Park estate, receiving the honour 'at Greenwich in a very solemn manner.' As the Civil War drew near he declared himself an active Royalist, and after hostilities had broken out he joined the king at Oxford. He was excepted by Parliament from 'indemnity and composition', and spent the remainder of his life abroad, dying in Spain in 1652. His estates were assigned in 1649 to John Bradshaw who had earlier insisted on Charles's execution and were recovered at
2460-431: The position. Bradshaw was a controversial choice as Lord President, and opinions of his efficiency as a judge varied. Bulstrode Whitelocke believed that he was "learned in his profession," but Thomas Fuller dismissed him as a man "of execrable memory, of whom nothing good is remembered." The King himself, as well as much of the court, professed to having never heard of him. Bradshaw himself did not attend court until
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2520-404: The produce for the store's food hall having been transported daily by horse and cart. Following Whiteley's murder by his illegitimate son in 1907, his legitimate sons sold the farm to a jam manufacturer who operated there until selling the land for new homes in 1933. The Ambassador to Charles I , negotiating the secret treaty of 1631 with Spain, who had good knowledge of the country, was raised to
2580-516: The provincial bar of Congleton until he became mayor in 1637. John Milton wrote highly of Bradshaw's aptitude during his public service, saying that "All his early life he was sedulously employed in making himself acquainted with the laws of the country; he then practised with singular success and reputation at the bar." On 3 January 1638 he was married to Mary, a daughter of Thomas Marbury . At some time between 1640 and 1643, Bradshaw moved from Congleton to Basinghall Street in London. In 1643, he
2640-492: The same year, Bradshaw moved to Westminster after falling dangerously ill with a 'quartan ague' or malaria . In October 1659, various subordinate members of the army sabotaged General Lambert 's and General Ludlow 's support of the Long Parliament. Colonel Morley, Major Grimes, and Colonel Sydenham eventually gained their points, and placed guards both by land and water, to hinder the members of Parliament from approaching
2700-546: The site, in Castle Way, since at least the fourteenth century; the church was first mentioned in 1293. The first known rector was Adam de Brome , founder of Oriel College, Oxford , in 1309. In 1935, Hanworth had a jam factory belonging to Whiteley's. It was decided that a chapel of ease should be set up. It was founded by Bertram Pollock , Bishop of Norwich, and the Rector of Saint George's. Bishop Pollock had been born at Woodlawn,
2760-407: The smoke drifting from the crowded City. A further factor facilitating rapid growth in West London was the very large number of bridges linking the area to South London and the area beyond; by contrast, even today, there are no bridges east of Tower Bridge , partly as the river becomes wider as it heads east. The term "West End of London" gained widespread currency as a proper noun, rather than just
2820-594: The streams. The land is relatively flat and drained by two watercourses heading southward and eastward respectively to meet the Thames in neighbouring historic parishes, the River Crane marking much of the northern border with Twickenham , and the Port Lane stream matching approximately the western boundary. Elevations range from 11m to 16m OD . The nearest railway stations serving the area are: Feltham railway station , Hampton and Kempton Park . Feltham railway station
2880-466: The then four distinct areas of London; in it he describes the City of London , Westminster (West London) , Southwark (South London) , and 'That Part beyond the Tower' (East London) . The area now usually referred to as North London developed later. As well as the proximity of the centre of government, the West End was long favoured by the rich elite as a place of residence because it was usually upwind of
2940-548: The third session after his appointment, apologising on the grounds that he had been out of London and disavowed his ability to perform "so important a task." While he served as the Lord President, he was flanked by an impressive personal guard and carried a sword at his side. He wore scarlet robes and a "broad-brimmed, bullet-proof beaver hat, which he had covered over with velvet and lined it with steel and he also wore armour underneath his robes." King Charles refused to recognise
3000-574: The warrant for the king's execution in 1649. On 12 March 1649, Bradshaw was elected President of the Council of State , which was to act as the Executive of the country's government in place of the King and the Privy Council. From 1 August 1649, Bradshaw also held the post of Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster . As Lord President he conducted trials of leading Royalists and condemned to death by beheading
3060-493: Was an English jurist. He is most notable for his role as President of the High Court of Justice for the trial of King Charles I and as the first Lord President of the Council of State of the English Commonwealth . John Bradshaw, the second son of Henry Bradshaw and Catherine Winnington, was born in 1602 probably at Wybersley (Wyberslegh) Hall in the village of High Lane near Stockport , Cheshire , or possibly at
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#17328521500653120-520: Was articled as clerk to an attorney in Congleton . The White Lion public house bears a blue plaque , placed by the Congleton Civic Society, which reads: "The White Lion, built 16–17th century. Said to have housed the attorney's office where John Bradshaw, regicide, served his articles." After studying English law in London, he was called to the bar at Gray's Inn on 23 April 1627. He served on
3180-420: Was built in 1965 and is located at the end of Forge Lane, near the village boundary with Hampton. It is currently fundraising to completely renovate \ refurbish the church. Hanworth Aerodrome was a grass airfield, operational from 1917 to 1919 and 1929 to 1947. It was located in Hanworth Park, and included the grounds of Hanworth Park House, an 1802 rebuild of Hanworth Palace, but currently empty and disused. It
3240-605: Was built on the south side of the new road, and the war memorial was relocated. Hanworth has two Non-League football clubs, Hanworth Villa F.C. who play at Rectory Meadow and play in the Isthmian league and Feltham FC who play at Feltham Rugby Club and play in the Middlesex County Football League. Hanworth Air Park is the home of Feltham Rugby Football Club , founded 1947; and a reincarnation of Feltham Football Club, originally founded 1946. Hanworth Airpark
3300-427: Was elected judge of the London sheriff's court. He maintained the post until his death. Following the death of the Earl of Essex in 1646, Parliament voted Somerhill House to Bradshaw. He was appointed a serjeant-at-law by Parliament and in 1648 Chief Justice of Chester and North Wales . In 1649, he was made president of the parliamentary commission to try the king . Other lawyers of greater prominence had refused
3360-453: Was illegal. However, in his 2005 book The Tyrannicide Brief (a biography of John Cook , the prosecutor at the trial), Geoffrey Robertson Q.C. put forward the argument that while the court was illegal due to the political settlement reached at the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660, the trial anticipated the developments in humanitarian law in the second half of the 20th century, and that
3420-461: Was introduced in 1857 to facilitate the distribution of mail. The postcode area is a sub-set of West London. The London Plan defines two areas of London as International Centres, the West End and Knightsbridge , both in west London. Five of the thirteen Metropolitan Centres in the plan are also in West London: Ealing , Hounslow , Harrow , Uxbridge and Shepherd's Bush . Eleven of
3480-400: Was lord of the manor in 1816 from whom it passed to Henry Perkins . After the death of his heir Algernon Perkins it passed to a firm of solicitors, and the main home was acquired in the early part of the next century by Court of Appeal judge turned politician Ernest Murray Pollock, 1st Viscount Hanworth . Hanworth's main parish church is dedicated to Saint George . There has been a church on
3540-546: Was split off from Saint George's in 1950, and the foundation stone of the new church was laid on 14 July 1951 by the Bishop of Guildford, Henry Montgomery Campbell , in the presence of Lord Latham , Lord-Lieutenant of Middlesex. The church was finally consecrated on 28 September 1957 by Campbell, who by then was Bishop of London. The church now also offers an "International Service" in Ukrainian. Hanworth's third church, St Richard's,
3600-505: Was used as a clubhouse in the 1930s, and more recently as an old people's home. In the 1930s, named London Air Park, it was best known as a centre for private flying, society events, aircraft manufactured by General Aircraft Limited (GAL) 1934–1949, and the visit by the Graf Zeppelin airship in 1932. Amelia Earhart flew to Hanworth after landing in Ireland at the end of her 1932 crossing of
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