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54-458: Hans Meyer may refer to: Hans Meyer (artist) (1846–1919), German artist and engraver Hans Horst Meyer (1853–1939), German pharmacologist Hans Meyer (geographer) (1858–1929), German geographer Hans Leopold Meyer (1871–1942), Austrian chemist Hans Joseph Meyer (1913–2009), teacher at Bunce Court School Hans Meyer (SS officer) , Knight's Cross recipient, see List of Knight's Cross of

108-480: A car. The city has a comprehensive bus network, complementing the Graz tram network , which has six lines. Four lines pass through the underground tram stop at the central train station (Hauptbahnhof) and on to the city centre before branching out. Furthermore, there are eight night-time bus routes, although these run only at weekends and on evenings preceding public holidays. The Castle Hill funicular (Schlossbergbahn) , and

162-629: A defensive border, in which the peasantry is taught how to organize and fight in the case of an invasion. With a strategic location at the head of the open and fertile Mur valley, Graz was historically a target of invaders, such as the Hungarians under Matthias Corvinus in 1481, and the Ottoman Turks in 1529 and 1532. Apart from the Riegersburg Castle , the Schlossberg was the only fortification in

216-533: A playground. The historic centre was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1999 due to the harmonious co-existence of typical buildings from different epochs and in different architectural styles. Situated in a cultural borderland between Central Europe, Italy and the Balkan States, Graz absorbed various influences from the neighbouring regions and thus received its exceptional townscape. Today

270-542: A short period beginning in 1594. He worked as district mathematician and taught at the Lutheran school, but still found time to study astronomy. He left Graz for Prague in 1600 when Protestants were banned from the city. Ludwig Boltzmann was Professor for Mathematical Physics from 1869 to 1890. During that time, Nikola Tesla studied electrical engineering at the Polytechnic in 1875. Nobel laureate Otto Loewi taught at

324-501: A stamp. For the year that Graz was Cultural Capital of Europe , new structures were erected. The Graz Museum of Contemporary Art (German: Kunsthaus) was designed by Peter Cook and Colin Fournier and is situated next to the Mur river. The Island in the Mur is a floating platform made of steel. It was designed by American architect Vito Acconci and contains a café, an open-air theatre and

378-551: Is Maribor ( Marburg ) in Slovenia, which is about 50 km (31 mi) to the south. Graz is the capital of Styria and the largest city in the federal state, a green and heavily forested region on the eastern edge of the Alps . It is located in the Graz Basin and surrounded by mountains and hills to the north, east and west. The city centre sits at an elevation of 353 m (1,158 ft),

432-601: Is a leading tourist attraction and serves as a symbol for Graz, were spared after the citizens of Graz paid a ransom for their preservation. Archduke Karl II of Inner Austria had 20,000 Protestant books burned in the square of what is now a mental hospital, and succeeded in returning Styria to the authority of the Holy See . Archduke Franz Ferdinand was born in Graz in what is now the Stadtmuseum (city museum). On 2 April 1945, while

486-679: Is best remembered for three discoveries. With Schmiedeberg, he discovered glucuronic acid as the most important reaction partner of drugs (in his case, a metabolite of camphor ). He also discovered a relationship between the lipophilicity of general anaesthetics and their potency. Meyer concluded that lipophilicity was the essential factor in the effectiveness of an anaesthetic. These findings were summarized in three papers in Archiv für experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie by Meyer and his coworker Fritz Baum, published in 1899. A year later, Charles Ernest Overton (1865–1933) independently came to

540-610: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Hans Horst Meyer Meyer was born in Insterburg in the Province of Prussia (now Chernyakhovsk , Russia). He studied medicine in Königsberg , Leipzig , Berlin and again in Königsberg. After his promotion to Doctor of medicine in Königsberg he worked with Oswald Schmiedeberg , one of

594-547: Is known as a college and university city, with four colleges and four universities. Combined, the city is home to more than 60,000 students. Its historic centre ( Altstadt ) is one of the best-preserved city centres in Central Europe. In 1999, the city's historic centre was added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites and in 2010 the designation was expanded to include Eggenberg Palace ( German : Schloss Eggenberg ) on

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648-530: Is located about 10 km (6 mi) south of the city centre and is accessible by bus, railway, taxi and car. Direct destinations include Berlin, Düsseldorf , Frankfurt, Hamburg, Munich, Vienna and Zurich. In 2021 a two-line metro system was proposed for Graz, which would make Graz the second Austrian city with a rapid transit system after Vienna. In Graz there are seven hospitals, several private hospitals and sanatoriums, as well as 44 pharmacies. The University Hospital Graz (LKH-Universitäts-Klinikum Graz)

702-558: Is located in eastern Graz and has 1,556 beds and 7,190 employees. The Regional Hospital Graz II (LKH Graz II) has two sites in Graz. The western site (LKH Graz II Standort West) is located in Eggenberg and has 280 beds and about 500 employees, the southern site (LKH Graz II Standort Süd) specializes in neurology and psychiatry and is located in Straßgang with 880 beds and 1,100 employees. The AUVA Accident Hospital (Unfallkrankenhaus der AUVA)

756-462: Is of limited value. Meyer and Rudolf Gottlieb wrote a major German pharmacology textbook that was published in nine editions between 1910 and 1936. he also played an important role in the development and implementation of drug regulation in Austria. Meyer received many awards and honors over the course of his career, at many different levels. One of the highest honors he received was the founding of

810-611: The Castle Hill lift (Schlossberg lift) , a vertical lift, link the city centre to the Castle Hill (Schlossberg) . From the central train station ( Hauptbahnhof ), regional trains link to most of Styria. Direct trains run to most major cities nearby including Vienna , Salzburg , Innsbruck , Maribor and Ljubljana in Slovenia , Zagreb in Croatia , Budapest in Hungary , Prague and Brno in

864-557: The Copper Age . However, no historical continuity exists of a settlement before the Middle Ages. The city was originally called "Bayrischgraz" or "Bavarian Graz" (i.e. German Graz) by the German founders to distinguish it from the elder "Windischgraz" or "Slovenian Graz". Bavarian Graz, however, soon eclipsed its Slovenian counterpart and henceforth Graz always referred to the German one. During

918-630: The Czech Republic , Zürich in Switzerland , as well as Munich , Stuttgart , Heidelberg , and Frankfurt in Germany . Trains for Vienna leave every hour. In recent years many railway stations within the city limits and in the suburbs have been rebuilt or modernised and are now part of the Styria S-Bahn , a commuter train service connecting the city with its suburban area and towns nearby. Graz Airport

972-530: The North Atlantic to northwestern and central Europe. The weather in Graz is thus influenced by the Mediterranean, and it has more hours of sunshine per year than Vienna or Salzburg and also less wind or rain. Graz lies in a basin that is only open to the south, causing the climate to be warmer than would be expected at that latitude. Plants are found in Graz that normally grow much further south. Graz, being

1026-673: The Stadthalle - a multifunctional space for e.g. conventions and concerts -, the Children's Museum ( Kindermuseum ), the Helmut-List-Halle , the Museum of Contemporary Art ( Kunsthaus ) and the Island in the Mur ( Murinsel ). Buildings in Graz which are at least 50m tall: SK Sturm Graz is the main football club of the city, with Four Austrian championships, 5 Austrian Cup wins and 4 participations in

1080-497: The 'Hans Meyer Medal' on his 70th birthday by the Vienna Academy of Sciences. This medal was to be awarded every fifth year for the most important pharmacological contribution published in German. A volume of the Archiv für experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie , edited by Bernhard Naunyn , was also dedicated to Meyer on his 70th birthday. These items, personal papers, and other memorabilia relating to Meyer's career are in

1134-518: The 0 °C isotherm, the same occurs in a borderline humid continental climate ( Dfb ) according to the Köppen climate classification . Wladimir Köppen himself was in town and conducted studies to see how the climate of the past influenced the Continental Drift theory . Due to its position southeast of the Alps , Graz is shielded from the prevailing westerly winds that bring weather fronts in from

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1188-716: The 12th century, dukes under Babenberg rule made the town into an important commercial center. Later, Graz came under the rule of the Habsburgs and, in 1281, gained special privileges from King Rudolph I . In the 14th century, Graz became the city of residence of the Inner Austrian line of the Habsburgs. The royalty lived in the Schlossberg castle and from there ruled Styria , Carinthia , most of today's Slovenia, and parts of Italy ( Carniola , Gorizia and Gradisca , Trieste ). In

1242-484: The 16th century, the city's design and planning were primarily controlled by Italian Renaissance architects and artists. One of the most famous buildings representative of this style is the Landhaus , designed by Domenico dell'Allio , and used by the local rulers as a governmental headquarters. The University of Graz was founded by Archduke Karl II in 1585, it is the city's oldest university. For most of its existence, it

1296-562: The 1936 Nobel prize in physiology or medicine . In 1904, Meyer moved to Vienna, and Loewi joined him until he was appointed to the Chair of Pharmacology in Graz . Ernst Peter Pick joined the department in 1911. Pick would later succeed Meyer as Chair. During Meyer's time in Vienna, he worked with three scientists who would eventually win the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine. George Hoyt Whipple won

1350-591: The Champions League (where they were 1st in the first group stage in 2000/01 and therefore got promoted to the round of 16 as the first Austrian club ever). Grazer AK also won an Austrian championship, but went into administration in 2007 and was excluded from the professional league system. In ice hockey, ATSE Graz was the Austrian Hockey League champion in 1975 and 1978. EC Graz was runner-up in 1991–92, 1992–93 and 1993–94. Graz 99ers has played in

1404-523: The Iron Cross recipients Hans Meyer (actor) (1925–2020), South African actor Hans Joachim Meyer (1936–2024), German politician Hans Meyer (footballer) (born 1942), German football manager and former player Hans Werner Meyer (born 1964), German film and television actor See also [ edit ] Hans Mayer (disambiguation) Hannes Meyer (1889–1954), Swiss Bauhaus architect Hans Meier (1918–2007), German officer, recipient of

1458-620: The KPÖ, once again led by Elke Kahr , to become the largest party with 29% of votes. She was subsequently elected mayor in November, leading a coalition with the Greens and SPÖ. The most recent city council election was held on 26 September 2021, and the results were as follows: During 2003 Graz held the title of " European Capital of Culture " and was one of the UNESCO "Cities of Design" in 2011. The most important museums in Graz are: The city centre and

1512-617: The Knights Cross Jean Améry (Hanns Chaim Mayer, 1912–1978), Auschwitz survivor and Holocaust writer [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about people with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hans_Meyer&oldid=1217369206 " Category : Human name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

1566-625: The Schlossberg against eight attacks, but they were forced to give up after the Grande Armée occupied Vienna and the Emperor ordered to surrender. Following the defeat of Austria by Napoleonic forces at the Battle of Wagram in 1809, the fortifications were demolished using explosives, as stipulated in the Peace of Schönbrunn of the same year. The belltower (Glockenturm) and the civic clock tower ( Uhrturm ), which

1620-513: The University of Graz from 1909 until 1938. Ivo Andrić , the 1961 Nobel Prize for Literature laureate obtained his doctorate at the University of Graz. Erwin Schrödinger was briefly chancellor of the University of Graz in 1936. Graz is centrally located within today's Bundesland (state) of Styria , or Steiermark in German. Mark is an old German word indicating a large area of land used as

1674-626: The adjacent districts are characterized by the historic residential buildings and churches. In the outer districts buildings are predominantly of the architectural styles from the second half of the 20th century. In 1965 the Graz School ( Grazer Schule ) was founded. Several buildings around the universities are of this style, e.g. the green houses by Volker Giencke and the RESOWI Centre by Günther Domenig. Before Graz became European Capital of Culture in 2003, several new projects were realized, such as

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1728-564: The award in 1934, Corneille Heymans won in 1938 and Carl Ferdinand Cori captured the Nobel prize in 1947. Meyer retired in 1924 and remained in Vienna. Meyer's later life was impacted by National Socialism . His second son, Arthur was a well-known surgeon in Berlin who was one of the first to successfully carry out surgical embolectomy in massive pulmonary embolism . On 14 November 1933 Arthur shot his wife and then committed suicide . Arthur's wife

1782-463: The capital of the then multiethnic Duchy of Styria, was also a centre of Slovene culture, especially from the establishment of the University of Graz in 1586 until the establishment of the University of Ljubljana in 1919. In 1574, the first Slovene Catholic book  [ sl ] was published in Graz, and in 1592, Hieronymus Megiser published in Graz the book Dictionarium quatuor linguarum ,

1836-592: The common South Slavic pattern for naming settlements as grad . Despite the Slavic root of the name, however, the city of Graz was founded by Bavarian settlers who arrived shortly after the Slavs, with which they intermixed. The city's name first appears in records in 1128, a record of 'Grez' from 1091 is disputed. Graz is situated on both sides of the river Mur in southeast Austria. It is about 150 km (93 mi) southwest of Vienna ( Wien ). The nearest larger urban centre

1890-637: The doctoral thesis of Edmond Henri Fischer , who with Edwin Gerhard Krebs won the Nobel prize in physiology and medicine in 1992. Horst Meyer (physicist) , the son of Meyer's second son Arthur, was adopted by Kurt after Arthur's death. He grew up in Geneva, where he studied Physics at the University and in 1959 joined the Physics faculty of Duke University , in Durham, NC, where he became Emeritus professor in 2005. Meyer

1944-608: The first division since 2000. UBSC Raiffeisen Graz plays in the Austrian Basketball League . Graz Giants play in the Austrian Football League (American Football). The city bid for the 2002 Winter Olympics in 1995, but lost the election to Salt Lake City . Graz hosts the annual festival of classical music Styriarte , founded in 1985 to tie conductor Nikolaus Harnoncourt closer to his hometown. Events have been held at different venues in Graz and in

1998-601: The first multilingual dictionary of Slovene. In the 19th century the student associations in Graz were a crucible of Slovene nationalism and some Slovene students there were more nationally aware than other Slovenes. This led to fierce anti-Slovene efforts by the German supermajority in Graz before and during World War II. Slovenes only ever constituted a tiny minority in the city. This is also why Peter Kozler did not include it in his map . Nowadays, some Slovenian Styrians study and some have found employment there, whiles being formerly unemployed in Slovenia. A symposium on

2052-640: The founders of pharmacology as an independent scientific discipline, in Strasbourg . In 1881 he was appointed to the Chair of Pharmacology in Dorpat (now Tartu , Estonia ). Also in 1881, he married Doris née Boehm. Together they had three sons, Kurt Heinrich (1883–1952), Arthur Woldemar (1885–1933) and Friedrich Horst (1889–1894). Between 1884 and 1904 Meyer occupied the Chair of Pharmacology in Marburg where he worked with Emil Adolf von Behring and Otto Loewi , winner of

2106-596: The heaviest Allied bomb raid of Graz occurred, the Gestapo and Waffen-SS committed a massacre against resistance fighters, Hungarian-Jewish forced laborers, and POWs at the SS barracks at Graz-Wetzelsdorf. These figures only include those with primary residence status (" Hauptwohnsitz "). As of 1 January 2024, the city had a total population of 339,810, of which 36,196 (10.7 %) held secondary residence status and 344 had no residence. Graz has an oceanic climate ( Cfb ), but due to

2160-468: The highest point is Plabutsch mountain with 754 m (2,474 ft) at the western border. The mountain Schöckl is just a few kilometres to the north and surmounts the city by 1,100 m (3,600 ft). These towns and villages border Graz: Graz is divided into 17 municipal districts ( Stadtbezirke ): [REDACTED] The oldest settlement on the ground of the modern city of Graz dates back to

2214-548: The historic centre consists of over 1,000 buildings, their age ranging from Gothic to contemporary. The most important sights in the historic centre are: For much of its post-war history Graz was a stronghold of the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ), but since the late 1990s the party has lost most of its support on a local level. It was overtaken by the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) in 2003, which remained

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2268-551: The largest party in the city council ( Gemeinderat ) until 2021. With the decline of the SPÖ, the Communist Party of Austria (KPÖ) has become highly popular in Graz, despite its negligible presence on a national level. The party placed third with 20.8% of votes in the 2003 local election, which has been attributed to the popularity of local leader Ernest Kaltenegger. It fell to 11.2% in 2008, and recovered under new leader Elke Kahr, becoming

2322-507: The numerous dialects of Graz and Styria in general and to cultivate the pride many Styrians hold for their local culture. Two reasons for a melding of these dialects with Standard German : the influence of television and radio bringing Standard German into the home and the industrialization causing the disappearance of the single farmer since the farming communities are seen as the true keepers of dialect speaking. An extensive public transport network makes Graz an easy city to navigate without

2376-476: The person of Emperor Ferdinand II , who moved the capital to Vienna. New fortifications were built on the Schlossberg at the end of the 16th century. Napoleon 's army occupied Graz in 1797 and, in 1809 the city withstood another assault by the French army. During this attack, the commanding officer in the fortress was ordered to defend it with about 900 men against Napoleon's army of about 3,000. He successfully defended

2430-560: The possession of the Collections at Duke University's Rubenstein Library. Graz Graz ( German: [ɡʁaːts] ) is the capital of the Austrian federal state of Styria and the second-largest city in Austria, after Vienna . As of 1 January 2024, Graz had a population of 303,270. In 2023, the population of the Graz larger urban zone (LUZ) stood at 660,238. Graz

2484-539: The region after the Barbarian invasions drove out the original Celts, as well as the Romans. In literary Slovene , gradec still means "small castle", forming a hypocoristic derivative of Proto-West-South Slavic *gradьcъ, which descends via liquid metathesis from Common Slavic *gardьcъ and via the Slavic third palatalisation from Proto-Slavic *gardiku, originally denoting "small town, settlement". The name thus follows

2538-472: The region that never fell to the Ottoman Turks. Graz is home to the region's provincial armory , which is the world's largest historical collection of late medieval and Renaissance weaponry. It has been preserved since 1551, and displays over 30,000 items. From the earlier part of the 15th century, Graz was the residence of the younger branch of the Habsburgs, which succeeded to the imperial throne in 1619 in

2592-545: The relation of Graz and the Slovenes was held in Graz in 2010, at the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the establishment of the first and oldest chair of Slovene. It was established at the Lyzeum of Graz in July 1811 on the initiative of Janez Nepomuk Primic  [ sl ] . A collection of lectures on the topic was published. The Slovenian Post commemorated the anniversary with

2646-401: The same conclusion. This correlation became known as the Meyer-Overton hypothesis . It has been called the most influential correlation in anaesthesia Meyer also discovered that tetanus toxin acts on the central nervous system and is transported there from the periphery via the motor neurons . This explains why the incubation time always takes several hours, and why therapy with antibodies

2700-424: The second most popular party in Graz with 19.9% in 2012 and 20.3% in 2017. The KPÖ's popularity in Graz allowed them to enter the Styrian provincial parliament in the 2005 election , marking their first appearance in an Austrian provincial parliament in 35 years; they have retained their seats in the subsequent 2010, 2015, and 2019 elections. The 2021 municipal election saw a collapse in the ÖVP's popularity, allowing

2754-402: The surrounding region. Referred to as Steirisch by locals, Graz belongs to the Austro-Bavarian region of dialects, more specifically a mix of Central Bavarian in the western part of Styria and Southern Bavarian in the eastern part. The Grazer ORF , the Graz subsidiary of Austrian Broadcasting Corporation, launched an initiative in 2008 called Scho wieda Steirisch g'redt to highlight

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2808-424: The western edge of the city. Graz was designated the Cultural Capital of Europe in 2003 and became a City of Culinary Delights in 2008. The name of the city, Graz, formerly spelled Gratz and also formlerly known as Grätz , most likely stems from the Slavic gradec/gradac , which means "small castle". Some archaeological finds point to the erection of a small castle by Alpine Slavic people, who settled in

2862-440: Was Jewish , and allegations were made that he was also Jewish. In 1938, Meyer and Pick were expelled from the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina as "non- Aryan ". After this, Pick emigrated to the United States. Meyer died the same year in Vienna. Meyer’s eldest son, Kurt Heinrich Meyer , was research director of BASF from 1920 to 1929 later served as a professor of chemistry of the University of Geneva . He supervised

2916-513: Was controlled by the Catholic Church , and was closed in 1782 by Joseph II in an attempt to gain state control over educational institutions. Joseph II transformed it into a lyceum where civil servants and medical personnel were trained. In 1827 it was re-established as a university by Emperor Franz I , and was named 'Karl-Franzens Universität' or 'Charles-Francis University' in English. More than 30,000 students are currently enrolled at this university. Astronomer Johannes Kepler lived in Graz for

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