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60-665: The HHA was founded by Siemens & Halske and AEG as a consortium on 27 May 1911. The first chairman was Albert Ballin . From 1919 until 1978, the HHA operated a large tram network , and from 5 December 1921 the HHA also operated the first motor buses in Hamburg. After the acquisition of the Straßen-Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft (SEG) in 1919 and the Hamburg-Altonaer-Centralbahngesellschaft AG in 1923,

120-425: A wingspan of 17.5 m (57 ft 5 in); was powered by an eight-cylinder engine producing 75 hp; unloaded weight was 850 kg; and could attain a speed of 65 km/h (40 mph). From 1912, the construction of airplanes proceeded in mixed wood and steel tube construction with fabric covering. One of the planes designed and built was a Riesenflugzeug ("giant aircraft") AEG R.I . This aircraft

180-592: A factor. The site at Brunnenstraße in the former Berlin district of Wedding was also sold, as were the firms AEG-Fabrik Essen and Bauknecht . AEG played an important role in the history of the German railways; the company was involved in the development and manufacture of the electrical parts of almost all German electric locomotive series and contributed to the introduction of electrical power in German railways. Additionally many steam locomotives were made in AEG factories. In 1931

240-808: A guarantee by the federal government. Not only was AEG-Telefunken AG affected, but also its subsidiaries Küppersbusch AG in Gelsenkirchen , Hermann Zanker Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co. KG in Tübingen and Carl Neff GmbH in Bretten . The Alno-Möbelwerke GmbH & Co. KG in Pfullendorf was taken over by the minority shareholders, and separated from the group. The suppliers to AEG were affected and some filed for bankruptcy—including Becher & Co. Möbelfabriken KG in Bühlertann —with lack of continuity of company policy

300-642: A hydro electric power plant in Lauffen am Neckar to Frankfurt , where it lit 1000 light bulbs and drove an artificial waterfall at the International Electrotechnical Exhibition in Frankfurt am Main . This success marked one of beginnings of the general use of alternating current for electrification in Germany, and showed that distance transmission of electric power could be economically useful. In

360-497: A range of styles from the 1900s to the 1930s. He was a founding member of the German Werkbund in 1907, when he also began designing for AEG, pioneered corporate design, graphic design, producing typefaces, objects, and buildings for the company. In the next few years, he became a successful architect, a leader of the rationalist / classical German Reform Movement of the 1910s. After WW1 he turned to Brick Expressionism , designing

420-617: Is also licensed to various brand partners under the Electrolux Global Brand Licensing program. In 1883, Emil Rathenau founded Deutsche Edison-Gesellschaft für angewandte Elektricität in Berlin. In 1888, it was renamed as Allgemeine Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft . Initially producing electrical equipment (such as light bulbs, motors and generators), the company soon became involved in AC electric transmission systems. In 1907, Peter Behrens

480-680: Is considered to be the turning point in his life, when he left the artistic circles of Munich and showed himself to be a talented architect in his very first project. In 1903, Behrens was named director of the Kunstgewerbeschule in Düsseldorf, where he implemented successful reforms, developing new ways of teaching design. In 1907, Behrens and ten other people ( Hermann Muthesius , Theodor Fischer , Josef Hoffmann , Joseph Maria Olbrich , Bruno Paul , Richard Riemerschmid , Fritz Schumacher , among others), plus twelve companies, gathered to create

540-756: Is often regarded as probably the first modernist house in Britain, and marks Behrens' turn towards the Modernism of New Objectivity . In 1925 he was invited by his former student Mies van der Rohe , along with many of the leading German architects working in the new style, to design a residential building in Stuttgart, in the development now known as the Weissenhof . His contribution was a set of apartments in stacked cubic volumes, allowing many apartments to open to large terraces. In 1928 Behrens won an international competition for

600-622: The Cantus Verkehrsgesellschaft , both joint ventures with other corporations. AEG (German company) Allgemeine Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft AG ( German for 'General electricity company JSC '; AEG ) was a German producer of electrical equipment . It was established in 1883 by Emil Rathenau as the Deutsche Edison-Gesellschaft für angewandte Elektricität in Berlin . The company's initial focus

660-603: The German Werkbund . As an organization, it was clearly indebted to the principles and priorities of the Arts and Crafts movement , but tending towards the classical in architecture. Members of the Werkbund were focused on improving the overall level of taste in Germany by improving the design of everyday objects and products. This very practical aspect made it an extremely influential organization among industrialists, public policy experts, designers, investors, critics and academics. His work in

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720-629: The Humboldthain site, which showed that he was as much interested in massive, bold, classical and picturesque effects depending on the context, as expressing modernity. Since Peter Behrens was a consultant rather than an employee of AEG, he was free to work on other projects, and developed a highly successful architectural practice. In this period his growing office had many students and assistants, some who would go on become leading Modernists, including Ludwig Mies van der Rohe , Le Corbusier , Adolf Meyer , Jean Kramer and Walter Gropius (later to become

780-630: The Second World War , AEG worked with the Nazi Party and benefited from forced labour from concentration camps. After the war, its headquarters moved to Frankfurt am Main . In 1967, AEG joined with its subsidiary Telefunken AG , creating Allgemeine Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft AEG-Telefunken . In 1985, Daimler-Benz purchased the AEG-Telefunken Aktiengesellschaft (which was renamed to AEG Aktiengesellschaft ) and wholly integrated

840-490: The bohemian circles and was interested in subjects related to the reform of lifestyles. In 1899 Behrens accepted the invitation of the Grand Duke Ernst-Ludwig of Hesse to be the second member of his recently inaugurated Darmstadt Artists' Colony , where Behrens built his own Jugendstil style house in 1901, and fully conceived everything, from furniture to towels, paintings, pottery, etc. The building of this house

900-554: The 1910s, including Ludwig Mies van der Rohe , Le Corbusier and Walter Gropius . Behrens attended the Christianeum Hamburg from September 1877 until Easter 1882. He studied painting in his native Hamburg , as well as in Düsseldorf and Karlsruhe , from 1886 to 1889. In 1890, he married Lilly Kramer and moved to Munich . At first, he worked as a painter , illustrator and bookbinder in an artisanal fashion. He frequented

960-488: The 1920s AEG became a global supplier of electrical know-how and equipment. In 1923, for example, it provided most of the essential materials and a team of engineers to oversee the electrification of British-ruled Palestine. British firms, at the time, could not compete with the prices of AEG The activity of the company soon extended to all areas of electrical power engineering, including electric lighting, electric power, electric railways, electro-chemical plants, as well as

1020-437: The 1970s, resulting in the sale of some assets. In 1983, the consumer electronics division Telefunken Fernseh und Rundfunk GmbH was sold. In 1985, the company re-took the name AEG and the remainder of the company was acquired by Daimler-Benz ; the parts that remained were primarily related to electric power distribution and electric motor technology. Under Daimler-Benz ownership, the former AEG companies eventually became part of

1080-479: The 320 built, as the sole surviving World War One German multi-engine bomber. During the Second World War AEG produced machines for reconnaissance purposes, including a helicopter platform driven by an AC motor. This was a tethered craft that could not fly freely; the power supply was carried by three cables from the ground. The machine reached an altitude of 300 m. AEG bought Kühlstein in 1902, founding

1140-579: The Alexanderhaus and the Berolinahaus were built by 1932. In 1929, Behrens, in partnership with former student Alexander Popp , was commissioned to design a new factory for the state-run Austria Tabak in Linz, which was built over a long period, due to the economic conditions, finally completed in 1935. The main building has a very long completely horizontal slightly curved facade, Behrens' most striking design in

1200-459: The Berlin rail network, but there was no rail connection between the two plants. In 1895 an underground railway link between the two plots was built in a tunnel 270 meters long. The tunnel was built by Siemens & Halske (S & H) (later to become Siemens ) under the direction of C. Schwebel and Wilhelm Lauter who were also connected in the building of what is now the Spree tunnel Stralau used by

1260-513: The HHA had a rolling stock of 865 power cars and 930 trailers by 1928. The length of tracks was 217.33 km. In 1970 the length of the lines were only 82.7 km, in 1978 they were 89.5 km with 80 stations. In 1965, HHA was one of the founding members of the Hamburger Verkehrsverbund (HVV). HHA operates about 111 bus routes and four underground lines . In spite of the "U" for "underground", large portions, especially outside

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1320-714: The Hamburger Hochbahn owns 25.1% of the Metronom Eisenbahngesellschaft , a company operating commuter trains in northern Germany. Nordbahn Eisenbahngesellschaft , with Neumünster - Bad Segeberg - Bad Oldesloe railway in Schleswig-Holstein , is owned in joint venture with the AKN railway . Among others there are also the East German Railway plc ( German : Ostdeutsche Eisenbahn ; 50% ownership) and

1380-620: The Nazis, especially in promoting re-armament of the Wehrmacht , Luftwaffe , and Kriegsmarine . During the war itself, they were to use large numbers of forced labourers as well as concentration camp prisoners, under inhuman conditions of work. AEG worked extensively with the Nazi party in Poland. AEG was forced to relinquish Kabelwerk Krakow, a cable manufacturing plant, to the Nazi party . Kabelwerk Krakow

1440-433: The Nazis. The company benefited from the use of large numbers of forced labourers as well as concentration camp prisoners, under inhuman conditions of work. After WWII, the company lost its businesses in the eastern part of Germany. After a merger in 1967, the company was renamed Allgemeine Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft AEG- Telefunken (from 1979 on only AEG-Telefunken ). The company experienced financial difficulties during

1500-583: The Russian occupied zone and were lost. The headquarters for the non-expropriated parts of the company was moved first to Hamburg and then finally to Frankfurt am Main , the headquarters in Berlin having been destroyed. In 1970, AEG-Telefunken had 178,000 employees worldwide, and was the 12th largest electrical company in the world. The company was burdened by, among other things, unsuccessful projects such as an automated baggage conveyor system at Frankfurt Airport and nuclear powerplant construction. In particular,

1560-541: The U-Bahn. By 1889 AEG were known as specialists in the construction of industrial portable drilling machines, some of these were driven by flexible shafts from electric motors. AEG also developed a toothed belt drive to reduce motor speed down to that required by machine tools. In 1903 the competing radio companies AEG and Siemens & Halske merged, forming a joint subsidiary named Telefunken . In 1907 architect Peter Behrens became an artistic adviser. Responsible for

1620-775: The company acquired Borsig and transferred the locomotive production to the AEG-Borsig works ( Borsig Lokomotiv-Werke GmbH ) from the Borsig plant in Tegel. In 1948 the plant became VEB Lokomotivbau Elektrotechnische Werke . In addition to numerous electric locomotives produced for the DR steam locomotive production continued until 1954. When the Federal Republic of Germany began implementing AC propulsion systems AEG found itself in competition with Brown, Boveri & Cie . The prototype DB Class E320

1680-409: The company in 1996 into Daimler-Benz AG (1998: DaimlerChrysler ). The remains of AEG became part of Adtranz (later Bombardier Transportation ) and Deutsche Aerospace (1998: DASA, today part of Airbus SE ). After acquiring the AEG household subsidiary AEG Hausgeräte GmbH in 1994, Electrolux obtained the rights to the AEG brand name in 2005, which it now uses on some of its products. The AEG name

1740-680: The construction of steam turbines, automobiles, cables and cable materials. In the first decades, the company had many factories in and around Berlin: A number of other notable events involving AEG occurred in this period: On 20 June 1915, founder Emil Rathenau died at age 77. AEG donated 60,000 Reichsmarks to the Nazi party after the Secret Meeting of 20 February 1933 at which the twin goals of complete power and national rearmament were explained by Hitler. They joined with other large companies, such as IG Farben , Thyssen and Krupp , in their support of

1800-613: The construction of the New Synagogue , in Zilina, Slovakia, which was restored in 2012–17 as a cultural centre. The same year he designed a renovation of the Feller-Stern department store in central Zagreb , Croatia, transforming it from Art Nouveau to a complex almost De Stijl Modernist composition. His 1931 hillside villa for the Clara Gans, daughter of Frankfurt industrialist Adolf Gans,

1860-402: The design of all products, advertising and architecture, he has since become considered as the world's first corporate designer. Behren's philosophy was to create a building which is solid, strong and simple in its structure. It is perfect for doing its job of producing large, heavy machinery. The dimensions of the building were chosen to allow turbines to be transported above other machinery. In

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1920-432: The division Neue Automobil Gesellschaft (New Automobile Company), to make cars . AEG withdrew from car production in 1908. Peter Behrens Peter Behrens (14 April 1868 – 27 February 1940) was a leading German architect , graphic and industrial designer , best known for his early pioneering AEG Turbine Hall in Berlin in 1909. He had a long career, designing objects, typefaces, and important buildings in

1980-413: The early 1900s included a series of exhibition halls and pavilions, a crematorium and some private houses, which show a new direction immediately after his own Jugendstil house, towards exploring simple, rectilinear volumes and classical sources. In 1907, AEG ( Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft ) retained Behrens as artistic consultant, and his work for AEG was the first large-scale demonstration of

2040-582: The early wartime Spreewerk P38s. In an effort to express regret for its use of Jewish slave labour in World War II , AEG joined with Rheinmetall , Siemens , Krupp , and I G Farben to pay DEM 75 million in reparations to the Jewish Claims Conference . In 1945, after the Second World War, the production in the factories in the western sectors of Berlin - what today is the building of

2100-810: The first director of the Bauhaus ). Immediately after the AEG Turbine Hall, he designed a series of large office buildings in a bold monumental stripped classical form, part of the German Reform Architecture movement. His 1912 German Embassy in St Petersburg, and the Administration Building for Continental AG in Hannover, built 1912–1914 are good examples of this period. After WW1 his work changed again, and like many German architects, he explored

2160-623: The formation of the Städtischen Elektrizitätswerke (A.G.StEW) ("City electricity works company (Berlin)") on 8 May 1884. The original factory was located near Stettiner Bahnhof . In 1887 the company acquired land in the Berlin-Gesundbrunnen area on which the Weddingsche Maschinenfabrik (founded by Wilhelm Wedding ) was previously located. In the same year, in addition to a restructuring and expansion of

2220-937: The headquarters of DW (TV)Deutsche Welle - and Nuremberg , Stuttgart and Mulheim an der Ruhr resumed and further new works were erected, among others an Electric meter plant in Hameln . The steam and electric locomotive plant in Hennigsdorf ( Fabriken Hennigsdorf ) became a Volkseigener Betrieb (VEB) (people owned enterprise) as the Lokomotivbau Elektrotechnische Werke (LEW) ("electric locomotive works"). The cable plant ( Draht-, Kabel- und Metallwerk Oberspree ) and apparatus factory ( Apparatefabrik Treptow ) and other facilities also lay in East Germany and became Sowjetische Aktiengesellschaft (SAG) (Soviet joint stock companies). Over 90% of assets in Berlin lay in

2280-546: The inner city, run on the surface. Some parts of the underground, notably along the banks of River Elbe in the city centre, are elevated (hence the name "Hochbahn", "elevated railway"). BeNEX GmbH is the holding company for public transport corporations outside of Hamburg. BeNex owns railway and bus companies. In August 2007, the UK listed investment firm International Public Partnerships Limited (then known as Babcock & Brown Public Partnerships) acquired 49% of BeNEX. Through BeNEX

2340-452: The name Telefunken Computer GmbH with the company Nixdorf ) was sold to Siemens . The process computer ( TR 84 , TR 86 , AEG 60–10, AEG 80–20, AEG 80–60) continued as Geschäftsbereich Automatisierungstechnik (after 1980 as ATM Computer GmbH). In 1975 the former Telefunken Headquarter at Berlin- Charlottenburg , Ernst-Reuter-Platz 7 was sold. The building had been previously rented to Technische Universität Berlin . In 1976, to circumvent

2400-411: The newly named Adtranz in 1995, and the AEG name was no longer used. Electrolux , which had already acquired the household subsidiary AEG Hausgeräte GmbH in 1994, now own the rights to use and license the AEG brand. The company originated in 1882, when Emil Rathenau acquired licences to use some of Thomas Edison 's lamp patents in Germany. The Deutsche Edison Gesellschaft ("German Edison Company")

2460-490: The nuclear power plant at Würgassen , the commissioning of which was delayed by several years due to technical problems cost AEG hundreds of millions of DM. As a result, the company paid its last dividend in 1972. The entertainment arm ( Telefunken Fernseh und Rundfunk GmbH ) headquartered in Hanover was sold. This was followed by the computer mainframe business ( TR 4 , TR 10 , TR 440  [ de ] ) (a partnership under

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2520-436: The production range, the AEG name was adopted. In 1887 Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrowolsky joined the company as chief engineer, later becoming vice-director. His work on polyphase electric power led him to become the world's leading engineer in three-phase electric power systems at the end of the 1880s. In 1891 Miller and Dobrovolski demonstrated the transmission of electrical power over a distance of 175 km (109 mi) from

2580-441: The remarkable Hoechst Administration Building outside Frankfurt, and from the mid-1920s increasingly to New Objectivity . He was also an educator, heading the architecture school at Academy of Fine Arts Vienna from 1922 to 1936. As a well known architect he produced design across Germany, in other European countries, Russia and England. Several of the leading names of European modernism worked for him when they were starting out in

2640-439: The requirement of equal participation of employees in the supervisory board, Dr. Walter Cipa (Dipl.-Geol.) (AEG boss from 1976 to 1980) created four further companies as wholly owned joint stock companies in addition to the two household appliance companies. (The numbers in parentheses refer to percentage of turnover in 1980) In 1979 Allgemeine Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft AEG-Telefunken was renamed AEG-Telefunken AG by dropping

2700-592: The same year the Stadtbahn Halle/Saale (City railway Halle–Saale) opened the first electric tram system (of notable size) in Germany. Tropp Paul began his work for the AEG 1889/90 until 1893, and Franz Schwechten designed the facades of the Acker- und Hussitenstraße in 1894–95. In 1894 the site of the former Berlin Viehmarktgasse (cattle market alley) was purchased. This had a railroad siding connecting to

2760-639: The style in Germany. In 1922, he accepted an invitation to teach at the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna , becoming head of the architecture school, a post he kept until 1936, whilst also designing for a range of clients across Europe. In 1926, Behrens was commissioned by the Englishman Wenman Joseph Bassett-Lowke to design a family home in Northampton , UK. The house named 'New Ways', a stark white walled rectangular volume (with jagged parapets),

2820-611: The style of New Objectivity . In 1936 Behrens left Vienna to teach architecture at the Prussian Academy of Arts (now the Akademie der Künste ) in Berlin, reportedly with the specific approval of Hitler . Behrens participated in Hitler's plans for the rebuilding of Berlin with the commission for the new headquarters of the AEG on Albert Speer 's famous planned north–south axis. Speer reported that his selection of Behrens for this commission

2880-523: The supplement "Allgemeine Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft", used since 1887. In February 1980, Heinz Dürr became board Chairman (until 1990). In August 1982 a restructuring plan, backed with federal guarantees of 600 million DM and new bank loans of 275 million DM, fell apart at the first disagreement between the banks. A banking consortium provided an administrative loan of DM 1.1 billion to the AEG Group until June 1983; 400 million of which only to be available on

2940-526: The technology developed in the past, in part, now enables Alstom to build the very successful Traxx series of locomotives. AEG also built the Hellenic Railways TRAINOSE Class 520 DMUs between 1989/1990/1991 and 1994/1995/1996. AEG manufactured a range of aircraft from 1912 to 1918. The first aircraft in 1912 was of wooden construction and modeled after the Wright brothers biplane. It had

3000-545: The themes and styles of Brick Expressionism . Between 1920 and 1924, he was responsible for the design and construction of the Technical Administration Building of Hoechst AG in Höchst , outside Frankfurt. With its soaring atrium clad in coloured bricks representing the factory's dye products, and an exterior in dark clinker bricks with clocktower and dramatic arch, it is one of the most representative examples of

3060-531: The viability and vitality of the Werkbund's initiatives and objectives. He designed the entire corporate identity ( logotype , product design, publicity, etc.) and for that he is considered the first industrial designer in history. He also designed a series of factory buildings for them at their two Berlin factory sites, most famously the 1909 AEG Turbine Factory , at the Moabit site, considered an early example of Modernism. He then went on to design four new buildings at

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3120-399: Was a similarly complex interplay of rectangular volumes, clad in stone, a fine example of New Objectivity . In 1929, Behrens was invited to the competition for the design of buildings around a proposed radical redesign of Alexanderplatz in Berlin, and though he came second, his designs for the buildings on the south west side of the new square was preferred by the subsequent developer, and

3180-495: Was also contracted for the production of electrical equipment at Auschwitz concentration camp . AEG used slave labour from Camp No. 36 at the new sub-camp of Auschwitz III and also known as Monowitz , called "Arbeitslager Blechhammer ". Most of them would die in 1945 during the death marches and finally in Buchenwald . AEG was a major supplier of grips for P38 pistols manufactured by Walther Arms , Mauser , as well as on

3240-432: Was appointed as artistic consultant to AEG. This led to the creation of the company's initial corporate identity , with products and advertising sharing common design features. The company expanded in the first half of the 20th century, and it is credited with a number of firsts and inventions in electrical engineering. During the same period, it entered the automobile and airplane markets. Electrical equipment for railways

3300-530: Was built with Krupp as dual voltage (15 kV and 25 kV AC) test machine, the technology ultimately leading to locomotives such as DB Class 120 and ICE 1 . Only after German reunification and the adoption of the LEW plant in Hennigsdorf did AEG's name return to whole locomotive manufacturing, but only for a short time. "AEG locomotives GmbH " became part of ABB Daimler-Benz Transportation (later ADtranz) and currently

3360-495: Was driven by electrical lighting, as in 1881, Rathenau had acquired the rights to the electric light bulb at the International Exposition of Electricity in Paris. Using small power stations, his company introduced electrical lighting to cafés, restaurants, and theaters, despite the high costs and limitations. By the end of the 19th century, AEG had constructed 248 power stations, providing a total of 210,000 hp of electricity for lighting, tramways, and household devices. During

3420-416: Was founded in 1883 with the financial backing of banks and private individuals, with Emil Rathenau as company director. In 1884, Munich-born engineer Oskar von Miller (who later founded Deutsches Museum ) joined the executive board. The same year, the company entered negotiations with the Berlin Magistrat (the municipal body) to supply electricity to a large area from a central supply, which resulted in

3480-516: Was located in Krakow-Plaszow and used forced Jewish labor manufacturing cables from 1942 to 1944. In 1943, AEG began to relocate goods and evacuate workers. Goods were relocated to various places, including Berlin and Sudetenland . When installing electric and lighting systems for the Waffen-SS training grounds in Dębica , AEG used forced labor from Jews placed in the Pustkow labor camp located in south east Poland. During World War II , an AEG factory near Riga used female slave labour . AEG

3540-445: Was powered by four 260 hp (190 kW) Mercedes D.IVa engines linked to a combination leather cone and dog clutch . The first flight tests were satisfactory, but on 3 September 1918, the R.I broke up in the air killing its seven crewmen. The most successful in terms of production figures of all the AEG aircraft designs was that of the G.IV Grossflugzeuge ("large aircraft") heavy tactical bomber, of which one still survives of

3600-448: Was produced during this time, beginning a long history of supplying the German railways with electrical equipment. According to the 1930 Encyclopedia Britannica : "Prior to 1923 it was the largest electrical manufacturing concern in Germany and one of the most important industrial undertakings in the world." During the Second World War , AEG joined with other large companies such as IG Farben , Thyssen and Krupp in their support of

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