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50-509: The station is a through station with island platforms and is one of Germany's major transportation hubs , connecting long-distance Intercity Express routes to the city's U-Bahn and S-Bahn rapid transit networks. It is centrally located in Hamburg in the Hamburg-Mitte borough. The Wandelhalle shopping centre occupies the north side of the station building. Before today's central station

100-401: A bridge or underpass. If an island platform is not wide enough to cope with passenger numbers, typically as they increase, overcrowding can risk people being pushed onto the tracks. In some cases entry to the station is restricted at busier times to reduce risk. Examples of stations where a narrow island platform has caused safety issues include Clapham Common and Angel (rebuilt in 1992) on

150-587: A new side platform opening in December 2022. Some stations of the Glasgow Subway have one island platform and one side platform ( Hillhead , Buchanan Street , and Ibrox ). In Wellington , New Zealand, unused sides can be found at two stations on the Hutt Valley Line : Waterloo and Petone . Waterloo's island platform was reconfigured to be the down side platform when the station was extensively rebuilt in

200-472: A small shopping centre with extended opening hours. It was built in 1991 during the renewal of the beam construction. It is located on the northern bridge and includes restaurants, flower shops, kiosks, a pharmacy, service centres and more. The upper floor also has a gallery surrounding the hall. Since 2008, in an effort to disperse drug dealers and users from the area, Deutsche Bahn has been playing classical music (e.g. Vivaldi's Four Seasons ). According to

250-413: Is a station layout arrangement where a single platform is positioned between two tracks within a railway station , tram stop or transitway interchange . Island platforms are sometimes used between the opposite-direction tracks on twin-track route stations as they are cheaper and occupy less area than other arrangements. They are also useful within larger stations, where local and express services for

300-401: Is constructed of iron and glass and spans the main line platforms and two S-Bahn tracks. The platforms are reached from two bridges at street level, one at each end of the track shed; from the northern bridge by stairs and by lifts, and from the southern bridge by escalators. Two other S-Bahn tracks and the subway tracks are in a connected tunnel system. The Wandelhalle (Promenade Hall) is

350-861: Is located on the Wallring in Hamburg's city centre , between the districts Altstadt and St. Georg. Directly nearby are the Deutsches Schauspielhaus theatre in the St. Georg quarter , one of Hamburg's a state theatres, the Kunsthalle , an art gallery, and the Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg , a museum for applied arts. The Hamburg Rathaus is down Mönckebergstraße , centre of a busy shopping district. Island platforms An island platform (also center platform (American English) or centre platform (British English))

400-724: The Capital Line and Metro Line used island platforms until NAIT/Blatchford Market station opened in 2024, the only station with side platforms as of 2024. The Valley Line Southeast uses low-floor LRT technology, but uses island platforms on only one of the 12 stops, Mill Woods . Almost all of the elevated stations in Singapore 's Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system use island platforms. The exceptions are Dover MRT station and Canberra MRT station , which use side platforms as they are built on an existing rail line, also known as an infill station . The same follows for underground stations, with

450-855: The IRT Seventh Avenue Line and 34th Street – Penn Station on the IND Eighth Avenue Line of the New York City Subway , uses two side platforms for local services with an island in between for express services. The purpose of this atypical design was to reduce unnecessary passenger congestion at a station with a high volume of passengers. Since the IRT Seventh Avenue Line and IND Eighth Avenue Line have adjacent express stations at 42nd Street, passengers can make their transfers from local to express trains there, leaving more space available for passengers utilizing intercity rail at Pennsylvania Station . The Willets Point Boulevard station

500-871: The Isle of Man , the United Kingdom and Ireland are included in Western Europe , while Estonia , Latvia and Lithuania are included in Eastern Europe . The World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions is a biogeographical system developed by the international Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG) organization, formerly the International Working Group on Taxonomic Databases. The WGSRPD standards, like other standards for data fields in botanical databases, were developed to promote "the wider and more effective dissemination of information about

550-489: The Isle of Man , the United Kingdom and Ireland are included in Western Europe . In the CIA World Factbook , the description of each country includes information about "Location" under the heading "Geography", where the country is classified into a region. The following countries are included in their classification "northern Europe": as well as the dependent areas: In this classification Jersey , Guernsey ,

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600-629: The London Underground , Union (rebuilt in 2014) on the Toronto subway , and Umeda on the Osaka Municipal Subway . An island platform requires the tracks to diverge around the centre platform, and extra width is required along the right-of-way on each approach to the station, especially on high-speed lines. Track centres vary for rail systems throughout the world but are normally 3 to 5 metres (9 ft 10 in to 16 ft 5 in). If

650-730: The Newport PATH station has the same configuration as Bowling Green—one side platform and one island platform. On the Tokyo Metro , the Ginza Line has a side platform and an island platform at Nihombashi . Likewise, the Namba and Minami-morimachi stations on the Osaka Metro have similar configurations. On JR East, the Yokosuka Line platforms at Musashi-Kosugi feature a similar setup following

700-703: The Nordic countries , often the British Isles and Baltic states , and sometimes Greenland . The United Nations geoscheme is a system devised by the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) which divides the countries of the world into regional and subregional groups, based on the M49 coding classification . The partition is for statistical convenience and does not imply any assumption regarding political or other affiliation of countries or territories. In

750-668: The Ruhr Area and Cologne . To the north ICE trains connect Hamburg with Aarhus and Copenhagen in Denmark and Kiel in Schleswig-Holstein . There are also several InterCity - and EuroCity - passenger train connections. The station is a hub for international travel, and most passengers to or from Scandinavia must change in Hamburg. There are numerous RegionalExpress and RegionalBahn services to Schleswig-Holstein , Lower Saxony , Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and Bremen . Beside

800-829: The Werribee Line , Ardeer , Caroline Springs on the Ballaarat Line , Glen Iris , Holmesglen , Jordanville and Syndal on the Glen Waverley Line , and Watsonia and Heidelberg on the Hurstbridge line . In Toronto , 29 subway stations use island platforms (a few in the newer stations on the Bloor–Danforth line , a few on the Yonge–University line and all of the Sheppard line ). In Edmonton , all 18 LRT stations on

850-730: The British Isles including the Brythonic Welsh and the Goidelic Scots Gaelic and Irish . The Celtic languages Cornish and Manx have been revived since becoming classed as extinct, being now spoken to a limited extent in Cornwall and the Isle of Man respectively. The Norman languages of Jèrriais and Guernésiais are spoken in Jersey and Guernsey, though are listed as endangered due to

900-484: The German newspaper Hamburger Abendblatt this is a success. Since 2009, the station has switched all its toilets to water-saving 3.5-litre (0.92 US gal) toilets. In 2012 they started producing Terra Preta in the basement by filtering the excrement and mixing it with charcoal and microbes. The fluids are cleaned and nutrients are extracted. Even pharmaceuticals can be filtered out. The following lines connect to

950-591: The UN geoscheme, the following countries are classified as being in northern Europe: as well as the dependent areas: EuroVoc is a multilingual thesaurus maintained by the Publications Office of the European Union , giving definitions of terms for official use. In the definition of "northern Europe", the following countries are included: as well as the dependent area: In this classification Jersey , Guernsey ,

1000-692: The United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, however, the West Germanic language Scots is also spoken as a minority language in parts of Scotland and Ireland. Beyond this, the Finnic languages of Finnish and Estonian are the most common first languages of Finland and Estonia respectively. The Baltic languages of Lithuanian and Latvian are the most common first languages of Lithuania and Latvia respectively. A number of Celtic languages are spoken in

1050-630: The exception being Braddell MRT station , Bishan MRT station , and a few stations on the Downtown line ( Stevens , Downtown , Telok Ayer , Chinatown and MacPherson ) and the Thomson-East Coast line ( Napier , Maxwell , Shenton Way and Marina Bay ) In southern New Jersey and Philadelphia , PATCO uses island platforms in all of its 13 stations, to facilitate one-person train operation . The NYC Subway's Second Avenue Subway features island platforms at all stations. Many other stations in

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1100-533: The first draft to be "simply horrible", but the second draft was eventually constructed. The emperor personally changed the Art Nouveau style elements to Neo-Renaissance , giving the station a fortification-like character. The station was opened for visitors on 4 December 1906, the first train arrived the next day, and scheduled trains started on 6 December 1906. On 9 November 1941, during the Second World War ,

1150-466: The highest standards of living in the world. They often score highly on surveys measuring quality of life, such as the Human Development Index . Aside from the United Kingdom, they generally have a small population relative to their size, most of whom live in cities. The quality of education in much of Northern Europe is rated highly in international rankings, with Estonia and Finland topping

1200-605: The increasing prominence of English in the islands. While not the most common first languages in any country, Sámi languages such as North Sámi , Lule Sámi and South Sámi are spoken in the transnational region of Sápmi and are listed as endangered. During the Early Middle Ages , the Roman Catholic Church expanded into northern Europe and spread Christianity among the Germanic peoples . Christianity reached

1250-567: The inter-urban rail services, the Hauptbahnhof is also the central intersection for two of the three rapid transport systems in the city: the Hamburg S-Bahn (suburban railway) and the Hamburg U-Bahn (underground network). The S-Bahn platforms are located inside the station itself (platforms 3 and 4, going eastwards to Barmbek, Harburg and Bergedorf ) and in a separate tunnel, adjacent to

1300-428: The island platform is 6 metres (19 ft 8 in) wide, the tracks must slew out by the same distance. While this requirement is not a problem on a new line under construction, it makes building a new station on an existing line impossible without altering the tracks. A single island platform also makes it quite difficult to have through tracks (used by trains that do not stop at that station), which are usually between

1350-435: The late 1980s, with the unused side now facing onto a bus bay. Petone's island platform served the up main line and the suburban loop line until the suburban loop was lifted in the early 1990s. The unused platform now faces onto the station's park-and-ride carpark. Northern Europe The northern region of Europe has several definitions. A restrictive definition may describe northern Europe as being roughly north of

1400-580: The line to a larger gauge, by moving the track away from the platform to allow the wider bodied continental rolling stock to pass freely while leaving the platform area untouched. Island platforms are a very normal sight on Indian railway stations. Almost all railway stations in India consist of island platforms. In Sydney , on the Eastern Suburbs Railway and the Epping Chatswood Railway ,

1450-565: The list among the OECD countries in Europe. Germanic languages are widely spoken in northern Europe with North Germanic languages being the most common first language in the Faroe Islands ( Faroese ), Iceland ( Icelandic ), Denmark ( Danish ), Norway ( Norwegian ) and Sweden ( Swedish ). The West Germanic language English is the most common first language in Jersey, Guernsey, the Isle of Man,

1500-520: The local tracks (where the island would be). A common configuration in busy locations on high speed lines is a pair of island platforms, with slower trains diverging from the main line (or using a separate level on the railway's right-of-way ) so that the main line tracks remain straight. High-speed trains can therefore pass straight through the station, while slow trains pass around the platforms (such as at Kent House in London ). This arrangement also allows

1550-604: The mountainous western seaboard, Scotland and Scandinavia , and also often includes part of the large plain east of the Baltic Sea . The entire region's climate is at least mildly affected by the Gulf Stream . From the west climates vary from maritime and maritime subarctic climates. In the north and central climates are generally subarctic or Arctic and to the east climates are mostly subarctic and temperate / continental . Just as both climate and relief are variable across

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1600-610: The peninsula of Jutland , the Baltic plain that lies to the east, and the many islands that lie offshore from mainland northern Europe and the main European continent. In some cases, Greenland is also included, although it is only politically European, comprising part of the Kingdom of Denmark , and not considered to be geographically in Europe. The area is partly mountainous, including the northern volcanic islands of Iceland and Jan Mayen , and

1650-433: The peoples of Scandinavia and the Baltic region in later centuries. The Latin alphabet along with the influence of Western Christianity spread northward from Rome , leading to written English , German , Dutch , Danish , Norwegian , Swedish , Icelandic , Latvian , Lithuanian , Estonian , Finnish and Sámi languages . The Sámi were the last peoples to be converted in the 18th century. The Hansa group in

1700-533: The platform without walking across the tracks. Island platforms are necessary for any station with many through platforms. There are also advantages to building small two-track stations with a single island platform instead of two side platforms. Island platforms allow facilities such as shops, toilets and waiting rooms to be shared between both tracks rather than being duplicated or present only on one side. An island platform makes it easier for disabled travellers to change services between tracks or access facilities. If

1750-475: The region, so too is vegetation, with sparse tundra in the north and high mountains, boreal forest on the north-eastern and central regions temperate coniferous forests (formerly of which a majority was in the Scottish Highlands and south west Norway ) and temperate broadleaf forests growing in the south, west and temperate east. There are various definitions of northern Europe which always include

1800-485: The same direction of travel can be accessed from opposite sides of the same platform instead of side platforms on either side of the tracks, simplifying and speeding transfers between the two tracks. The historical use of island platforms depends greatly upon the location. In the United Kingdom the use of island platforms on twin-track routes is relatively common when the railway line is in a cutting or raised on an embankment , as this makes it easier to provide access to

1850-401: The southern coast of the Baltic Sea , which is about 54°N , or may be based on other geographical factors such as climate and ecology . The climate is mainly Oceanic climate (Cfb), Humid continental climate (Dfb), Subarctic climate (Dfc and Dsc) and Tundra (ET). Northern Europe might be defined roughly to include some or all of the following areas: British Isles , Fennoscandia ,

1900-436: The station building (platforms 1 and 2, going westwards to Altona , Wedel and Eidelstedt ). The U-Bahn is split in two stations: Hauptbahnhof Süd (south) and serving the lines U1 and U3. This part of the station had been included in the 1900 planning for the new station (the construction for the subway started in 1906, the "ring" was opened in four stages between February and June 1912. Until 28 September 1968, this station

1950-636: The station to serve as a point where slow trains can be passed by faster trains. A variation at some stations is to have the slow and fast pairs of tracks each served by island platforms (as is common on the New York City Subway ; the Broad Street Line of Philadelphia ; and the Chicago Transit Authority 's Red and Purple lines). A rarer layout, present at Mets-Willets Point on the IRT Flushing Line , 34th Street – Penn Station on

2000-471: The station was badly damaged by Allied bombing . Several areas needed to be rebuilt completely, including the baggage check and the eastern ticket counters. One of the clock towers was destroyed in 1943. Between 1985 and 1991 the station was renovated. In 2021, the City of Hamburg announced a competition to design an expansion of the station as well as the redevelopment of the surrounding area. In December 2022, it

2050-592: The station: In 2008, 720 regional and long-distance trains, and 982 S-Bahn trains served the station per day. There were 8 platforms for the main lines. The station is served by the following services: Hamburg Hauptbahnhof is one of the largest stations in northern Germany and connects Northern Europe 's railway system, through Denmark , with Central Europe , as well as offering connections to Western Europe and Southern Europe . There are permanent InterCityExpress lines to Berlin , Frankfurt (Main) , continuing to Stuttgart and Munich , and Bremen , continuing to

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2100-629: The stations were built partly on squares and streets. When it was decided to erect a common station for all lines, a competition was arranged in 1900. Built between 1902 and 1906, the Hamburg Hauptbahnhof was designed by the architects Heinrich Reinhardt and Georg Süßenguth , modeled after the Galerie des machines of the World's Fair of 1889 in Paris, by Louis Béroud . The German emperor William II declared

2150-494: The system have the same layout. Sometimes when the track on one side of the platform is unused by passenger trains, that side may be fenced off. Examples include Hurlstone Park , Lewisham, Sydney and Yeronga, Brisbane . In New York City's subway system , unused sides are located at Bowling Green as well as every express station without express service, such as Pelham Parkway on the IRT Dyre Avenue line. In Jersey City,

2200-434: The tracks are above or below the entrance level, the station needs only one staircase and (if disabled accessibility is necessary) one elevator or ramp to allow access to the platforms. If the tracks are at the same level as the entrance, this instead creates a disadvantage; a side platform arrangement allows one platform to be adjacent to the entrance, whereas an island platform arrangement requires both tracks to be accessed by

2250-573: The twin tunnels are widely spaced and the tracks can remain at a constant track centres while still leaving room for the island platforms. A slight disadvantage is that crossovers have to be rather long. Examples in Melbourne include West Footscray , Middle Footscray , Albion and Tottenham on the Sunbury line , Kananook on the Frankston Line , Aircraft , Williams Landing and Hoppers Crossing on

2300-452: The world's heritage of biological organisms for the benefit of the world at large". The system provides clear definitions and codes for recording plant distributions at four scales or levels, from "botanical continents" down to parts of large countries. The following countries are included in their classification of "northern Europe": as well as the dependent areas: Countries in northern Europe generally have developed economies and some of

2350-432: Was announced that the expansion is expected to start in 2028. Hamburg Hauptbahnhof is 206 m (676 ft) long, 135 m (443 ft) wide, and 37 m (121 ft) high. It has 8,200-square-metre (88,000 sq ft) rentable area and 27,810 m (299,300 sq ft) in total. The clock towers are 45 m (148 ft), and the clocks have a diameter of 2.2 m (7 ft 3 in). The track shed

2400-403: Was opened, Hamburg had several smaller stations located around the city centre. The first railway line ( between Hamburg and Bergedorf ) was opened on 5 May 1842, coincidentally the same day that the "great fire" ( der große Brand ) ruined most of the historic city centre. The stations were as follows (each of them only a few hundred metres away from the others): Temporary railway lines connecting

2450-541: Was renovated to accommodate the high volume of passengers coming to the 1939 World's Fair . Many of the stations on the Great Central Railway in England (now almost entirely closed) were constructed in this form. This was because the line was planned to connect to a Channel Tunnel . If this happened, the lines would need to be compatible with continental loading gauge , and this would mean it would be easy to change

2500-491: Was simply called Hauptbahnhof without any suffix. There were two lines: the original Ring (opened in 1912) and the southeastern branch line (opened on 27 July 1915) leading to Rothenburgsort , the tracks and stations of which have been destroyed in the Operation Gomorra on 28 July 1943 and never been rebuilt. The station Hauptbahnhof Nord (north), opened on 29 September 1968, serves the lines U2 and U4. The station

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