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49-895: Becoming known as the Seventeen Provinces in 1549, they were held by the Spanish branch of the Habsburgs from 1556, known as the Spanish Netherlands from that time on. In 1581, in the midst of the Dutch Revolt , the Seven United Provinces seceded from the rest of this territory to form the Dutch Republic . The remaining Spanish Southern Netherlands became the Austrian Netherlands in 1714, after Austrian acquisition under

98-582: A governor ( stadtholder or landvoogd ): During the Spanish period it is assumed that the flag was the Cross of Burgundy . After a period of turmoil with the Eighty Years' War , by 1713 the Southern Netherlands were separated from Spain and attached to Austria , assuming a flag consisting of three equal horizontal bands displaying the colours of red , white and gold . A small cross of Burgundy

147-520: A reclaimed territory which had been laid dry in 1942, was part of Overijssel from 1962 until 1986, when it became part of the newly created province of Flevoland . The King's Commissioner of Overijssel is Andries Heidema ( CU ) since 11 July 2018. The King's Commissioner is the chairman of the Provincial-Executive (executive branch) and the States-Provincial (elected legislature) of

196-639: A Spanish branch. His brother Ferdinand I became suo jure monarch in Austria, Bohemia and Hungary, as well as the new Holy Roman Emperor . Philip II of Spain , Charles' son, inherited the Seventeen Provinces and incorporated them into the Spanish Crown (which included also south Italy and the American possessions). King Philip II of Spain became infamous for his despotism , and Catholic persecutions sparked

245-648: A junction function. The stations of Almelo, Deventer and Hengelo have a transfer function. The stations of Hengelo, Enschede and Oldenzaal have a direct connection with Germany. The international intercity to Berlin stops in Deventer, Almelo and Hengelo. Goods traffic takes place on many lines to Germany and the north of the Netherlands. The following railway lines are located in Overijssel: The main airport in Overijssel

294-492: A large number of people from the southern provinces emigrated north to the new republic. The centre of prosperity moved from cities in the south such as Bruges, Antwerp , Ghent , and Brussels to cities in the north, mostly in Holland, including Amsterdam , The Hague , and Rotterdam . To distinguish between the older and larger Low Countries of the Netherlands from the current country of the Netherlands, Dutch speakers usually drop

343-592: A mental breakdown following the death of her husband, he was heir to the Spanish kingdoms of Castile and Aragon and Spain's overseas empire in the New World. Attaining full age in 1515, Charles went on to rule his Burgundian heritage as a native Netherlander. He acquired the lands of Overijssel and the Bishopric of Utrecht (see Guelders Wars ), purchased Friesland from Duke George of Saxony and regained Groningen and Gelderland . His Seventeen Provinces were re-organised in

392-642: A part of the Duchy of Guelders, and the Duchy of Limburg was dependent on the Duchy of Brabant. The Lordship of Drenthe is sometimes considered part of the Lordship of Overijssel. On the other hand, the French-speaking cities of Flanders were sometimes recognised as a separate province. Therefore, in some lists Zutphen and Drenthe are replaced by There were a number of fiefdoms in the Low Countries that were not part of

441-563: A small part of the IJsselmeer to the west. Overijssel is bordered by Germany ( Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia ) to the east, the Achterhoek region of Gelderland to the south, the Veluwe region of Gelderland and Flevoland to the west, and Friesland and the former moors of Drenthe to the north. Overijssel comprises three regions: Kop van Overijssel in the northwest, Salland in

490-612: Is a province of the Netherlands located in the eastern part of the country. The province's name comes from the perspective of the Episcopal principality of Utrecht , which held the territory until 1528. The capital city of Overijssel is Zwolle (pop. 132,441 ) and the largest city is Enschede (pop. 161,235). The province had a population of about 1,184,000 as of January 2023. The land mostly consists of grasslands and some forests (including Sallandse Heuvelrug National Park ); it also borders

539-727: Is a valuable wetland. The highest point in Overijssel is the summit of the Tankenberg, a hill in the municipality of Losser , at 85 metres (278 ft). The lowest point is in the Mastenbroek Polder near Kampen at 2 metres (6 ft) below sea level . Important rivers  : IJssel , Zwarte Water , Overijsselse Vecht , Dinkel , Regge and Reest . Major channels  : Twentekanaal (Enschede and Zutphen-branch to Almelo), Overijssels Kanaal, Kanaal Almelo-De Haandrik, Kanaal Almelo-Nordhorn (outdoors) and Dedemsvaart (largely muted). Overijssel enjoys an oceanic climate ( Cfb in

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588-696: Is an important transit province to and from Germany and the northeast of the Netherlands. There are three main motorways in Overijssel, the A1 , A28 , and the A35/N35 . Other major trunk roads are the N18 , A32 , N36 , N48 and N50 . In addition, the province manages a large number of provincial roads of major and minor importance. Four intercity connections (Enschede-Randstad, Zwolle – Roosendaal and Groningen/Leeuwarden-Amersfoort-Randstad and Groningen/Leeuwarden-Lelystad-Randstad) run through Overijssel. Zwolle railway station has

637-628: Is the Enschede Airport Twente , located outside of Enschede . The airport does not currently offer any international flights, though it has historically. Due to its location on the IJssel, Overijssel has a number of large bridges. The most important is the IJsselbrug near Zwolle, but the IJsselbrug near Deventer is also important. These are also the busiest roads in the province. At Kampen the N50 crosses

686-632: The Burgundian Netherlands passed to her son, Philip the Handsome , who married Joanna of Castile , daughter of Isabel I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon . Through his father Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor , Philip was a Habsburg scion , and so the period of the Habsburg Netherlands began. The period 1481–1492 saw the Flemish cities revolt and Utrecht embroiled in civil war , but by

735-667: The Burgundian Netherlands , a number of fiefs held by the House of Valois-Burgundy and inherited by the House of Habsburg in 1482, and held by Habsburg Spain from 1556. Starting in 1512, the Provinces formed the major part of the Burgundian Circle . In 1581, the Seven United Provinces seceded to form the Dutch Republic . After the Habsburg emperor Charles V had re-acquired the Duchy of Guelders from Duke William of Jülich-Cleves-Berg by

784-643: The Burgundian treaty of 1548 , whereby the Imperial estates represented in the Imperial Diet at Augsburg acknowledged a certain autonomy of the Netherlands. It was followed by the Emperor's Pragmatic Sanction of 1549 , which established the Seventeen Provinces as an entity held by a single prince. Following a series of abdications between 1555 and 1556, Charles V divided the House of Habsburg into an Austrian-German and

833-533: The County of Flanders , corresponding roughly with the present-day provinces of West Flanders , East Flanders and French Flanders . However, when the Dutch-speaking population of Belgium sought more rights in the 19th century, the word Flanders was reused, this time to refer to the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium, which is larger and contains only part of the old county of Flanders (see Flemish Movement ). Therefore,

882-593: The Eighty Years' War , which started in 1568. The seven northern provinces gained their independence as a republic called the Seven United Provinces . They were: The southern provinces, Flanders, Brabant, Namur, Hainaut, Luxembourg and the others, were restored to Spanish rule due to the military and political talent of the Duke of Parma , especially at the Siege of Antwerp (1584–1585) . Hence, these provinces became known as

931-631: The Köppen classification ). However, winters tend to be more severe than the rest of the Netherlands, because of its distance from the coast. Overijssel was formerly known as Oversticht and also included most of the modern-day province of Drenthe . In 1336, it was made part of Guelders , though it was ceded to the Bishopric of Utrecht in 1347. The Bishops ceded the Oversticht to the Emperor Charles V in 1528, who styled himself Lord of Overijssel , after

980-449: The Spanish Netherlands . The County of Drenthe, surrounded by the other northern provinces, became de facto part of the Seven United Provinces, but had no voting rights in the Union of Utrecht and was therefore not considered a province. The northern Seven United Provinces kept parts of Limburg, Brabant, and Flanders during the Eighty Years' War (see Generality Lands ), which ended with

1029-801: The Tournaisis , Cambrai , Luxembourg, Limburg, Hainaut, Namur, Mechelen, Brabant, and Upper Guelders ) remained with the House of Habsburg until the French Revolutionary Wars . After the extinction of the Spanish Habsburg line in 1700 with the death of the childless Charles II and the War of the Spanish Succession (1700–14), the southern provinces were also known as the Austrian Netherlands from 1715 onwards. The provinces were ruled on their behalf by

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1078-498: The Treaty of Rastatt . De facto Habsburg rule ended with the annexation by the revolutionary French First Republic in 1795. Austria, however, did not relinquish its claim over the country until 1797 in the Treaty of Campo Formio. The Habsburg Netherlands was a geo-political entity covering the whole of the Low Countries (i.e. the present-day Netherlands , Belgium , Luxembourg , and most of

1127-459: The Treaty of Westphalia in 1648. Artois and parts of Flanders and Hainaut ( French Flanders and French Hainaut ) were ceded to France in the course of the 17th and 18th centuries. By the mid-16th century, the Margraviate of Antwerp (Duchy of Brabant) had become the economic, political, and cultural centre of the Netherlands after its capital had shifted from the nearby Lordship of Mechelen to

1176-518: The 1543 Treaty of Venlo , the Seventeen Provinces comprised: Each province had a distinct Coat of Arms. The States General of the Netherlands had itself its coat, a red shield with an armed golden lion. It was not always the same seventeen provinces represented at the Estates-General of the Netherlands . Sometimes, one delegation was included in another. In later years, the County of Zutphen became

1225-453: The 16th century are often said to belong to the Dutch School ( Nederlandse School ). Although they themselves would not have objected to that term at that time, nowadays it may wrongly create the impression that they were from the current Netherlands. In fact, they were almost exclusively from current Belgium. The same confusion exists around the word Flanders . Historically, it applied to

1274-672: The Burgundian dukes held court in Brussels . Philip's son Duke Charles the Bold (1467–1477) also acquired Guelders and Zutphen , and even hoped to gain the title of "King" from Habsburg emperor Frederick III by marrying his daughter Mary to Frederick's son Maximilian. Disappointed in this, he engaged in the disastrous Burgundian Wars and was killed in the Battle of Nancy . Upon the death of Mary of Burgundy in 1482, her substantial possessions including

1323-532: The Dutch Revolt and the subsequent Eighty Years' War . The Spanish hold on the northern provinces was more and more tenuous. In 1579 the northern provinces established the Protestant Union of Utrecht , in which they declared themselves independent as the Seven United Provinces by the 1581 Act of Abjuration . After the secession of 1581, the southern provinces, called "'t Hof van Brabant" (of Flandria, Artois,

1372-649: The French Kingdom or of Burgundy under the Holy Roman Empire banner. The collected fiefdoms were Flanders , Artois and Mechelen , Namur , Holland , Zeeland and Hainaut , Brabant , Limburg , and Luxembourg . These realms were ruled in personal union by the Valois-Burgundy monarchs and represented in the States-General assembly. The centre of the Burgundian possessions was the Duchy of Brabant, where

1421-484: The IJssel. Kampen also has two bridges over the IJssel. Other bridges over the IJssel are at Zwolle the Oude IJsselbrug and the railway bridge over the IJssel, and at Deventer a railway and road bridge. In addition to these bridges, the river IJssel can also be crossed at a number of places by means of a number of ferries. Overijssel is divided into 25 municipalities. Until 1 January 2001, there were still 44, but after

1470-465: The Latin name of Oversticht that was known since 1233: Transysla or Transisalania , or Over-IJssel, i.e. the other side of the river IJssel . The people joined with the other Dutch and rebelled against Charles' heir Philip II . Overijssel became governed by the most powerful mayors and lords in the province, including by the lieutenant-governor Nicolaas Schmelzing (1561–1629). After a brief occupation by

1519-468: The Netherlands"). Only he and his son ever used this title. The Pragmatic Sanction of 1549 determined that the Provinces should remain united in the future and inherited by the same monarch. After Charles V's abdication in 1555, his realms were divided between his son, Philip II of Spain , and his brother, Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor . The Seventeen Provinces went to his son, the king of Spain. Conflicts between Philip II and his Dutch subjects led to

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1568-596: The Seventeen Provinces, mainly because they did not belong to the Burgundian Circle, but to the Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle . The largest of these were the Prince-Bishopric of Liège , including the County of Horne , and the Bishopric of Cambrai . The ethnically and culturally Dutch duchies of Cleves and Julich did not join either. In the north, there were also a few smaller entities like

1617-583: The centre of the province, and Twente in the east. Besides the capital Zwolle , other major cities are Almelo , Deventer , Hengelo , Enschede , and Kampen . To the southeast, the province's surface is mostly sandy, interspersed with small rivers such as the Regge and Dinkel and other brooks. In the northwest, the geology is dominated by sediments from the Overijsselse Vecht and clay. The northern parts were once covered by veen ( bogs ) which separated

1666-563: The city of Brussels . Bruges (County of Flanders) had already lost its prominent position as the economic powerhouse of northern Europe, while Holland was gradually gaining importance in the 15th and 16th centuries. However, after the revolt of the seven northern provinces (1568), the Sack of Antwerp (1576), the Fall of Antwerp (1584–1585), and the resulting closure of the Scheldt river to navigation,

1715-533: The dryer and more arable south from Drenthe and which have been exploited as fuel to a large degree. Only small patches survive today ( Engbertsdijksvenen near Geesteren , Witteveen (near Haaksbergen ), and the Aamsveen (near Enschede ). The extreme northwest is dominated by a system of lakes formed by former peat-mining and protected under the De Weerribben-Wieden National Park status, which

1764-588: The forces of the Bishop of Münster (1672–74), Overijssel received a new form of government which granted the stadtholders more power. Widespread resistance against the increased power throughout the provinces eventually led to the formation of the Batavian Republic in 1795. A centralist government arose and the Netherlands was organised into a series of départements , based on those used by revolutionary France . At first organised into its own département , it

1813-500: The island of Ameland that would retain their own lords until the French Revolution . Historians came up with different variations of the list, but always with 17 members. This number could have been chosen because of its Christian connotation. The Seventeen Provinces originated from the Burgundian Netherlands . The dukes of Burgundy systematically became the lords of different provinces. Mary I of Valois, Duchess of Burgundy

1862-409: The last one being the Duchy of Guelders , in 1543. Most of these provinces were fiefs of the Holy Roman Empire . Two provinces, the County of Flanders and the County of Artois, were originally French fiefs, but sovereignty was ceded to the Empire in the Treaty of Cambrai in 1529. On 15 October, 1506, in the palace of Mechelen, the future Charles V was recognized as Heer der Nederlanden ("Lord of

1911-440: The modern French départements of Nord and Pas-de-Calais ) from 1482 to 1581. The northern Low Countries began growing from 1200 CE, with the drainage and flood control of land, which could then be cultivated. The population rose and the region of Holland became important. Before that, the development of large cities was in the south, with Ghent, Bruges, Antwerp, Brussels, and Leuven, all of which were larger than any settlement in

1960-403: The north. Rivers in the Low Countries run east–west and were a political and strategic barrier to influence southern influence on the north, forming two separate political areas. Already under the Holy Roman Empire rule of the Burgundian duke Philip the Good (1419–1467), the provinces of the Netherlands began to grow together, whereas previously they were split with being either the tributary of

2009-471: The plural for the latter. They speak of Nederland in the singular for the current country and of de Nederlanden in the plural for the integral domains of Charles V. In other languages, this has not been adopted, though the larger area is sometimes known as the Low Countries in English. The fact that the term Netherlands has such different historical meanings can sometimes lead to difficulties in expressing oneself correctly. For example, composers from

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2058-410: The population belonged to the Protestant Church in the Netherlands , while 23.3% were Roman Catholic , 2.9% were Muslim , and 5.6% adhered to other faiths. Over two-fifths of the population (42.2%) identified as non-religious. The Gross domestic product (GDP) of the region was 43.2 billion € in 2018, accounting for 5.6% of the Netherlands economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power

2107-421: The province. The Provincial Council , the general government of the province, consists of 47 members who are elected every four years. Until the States elections of March 2007, Overijssel had 63 Members of Parliament. An amendment to the Provinces Act resulted in the total number of States members in the Netherlands being reduced from 764 to the current 564. Religion in Overijssel (2015) In 2015, 26.1% of

2156-438: The territory of the County of Flanders and that of present-day Flanders do not fully match: This explains, for instance, why the province of East Flanders is not situated in the east of present-day Flanders. Overijssel Overijssel ( Dutch pronunciation: [ˌoːvərˈɛisəl] ; Dutch Low Saxon : Oaveriessel [ˌɒːvərˈiːsl̩] ; German : Oberyssel ; lit.   ' Outer IJssel ' )

2205-430: The turn of the century both areas had been pacified by the Habsburg rulers. Philip's son Charles , born in Ghent , succeeded his father as Duke in 1506, when he was six years old. His paternal grandfather, Emperor Maximilian I, incorporated the Burgundian heritage into the Burgundian Circle , whereafter the territories in the far west of the Empire developed a certain grade of autonomy. Through his mother Joanna, who had

2254-445: Was 32,700 € or 108% of the EU27 average in the same year. The province has become highly industrialized. The Twente district in the southeast, where cotton spinning, weaving, and bleaching came into prominence in the 19th century, is one of the principal centres of the Dutch textile industry. The main centres are Enschede, Almelo, Hengelo, and Oldenzaal. Other important industrial centres are Deventer, Kampen, and Zwolle. Overijssel

2303-497: Was merged with Drenthe in 1798 to form Ouden IJssel , which was renamed Overijssel in 1801. The French annexed the Batavian Republic in 1810, and Overijssel was organised into the new French département of Bouches-de-l'Yssel . After the defeat of Napoleon in 1814, the kingdom of the Netherlands and the former province of Overijssel were recreated. Overijssel was occupied by Nazi Germany during World War II from May 1940 until its liberation in April 1945. The Noordoostpolder ,

2352-610: Was present, which in 1781 was covered by a black double-headed eagle . Seventeen Provinces The Seventeen Provinces were the Imperial states of the Habsburg Netherlands in the 16th century. They roughly covered the Low Countries , i.e., what is now the Netherlands , Belgium , Luxembourg , and most of the French departments of Nord ( French Flanders and French Hainaut ) and Pas-de-Calais ( Artois ). Also within this area were semi-independent fiefdoms, mainly ecclesiastical ones, such as Liège , Cambrai and Stavelot-Malmedy . The Seventeen Provinces arose from

2401-480: Was the last of the House of Burgundy . Mary married Archduke Maximilian in 1477, and the provinces were acquired by the House of Habsburg on her death in 1482, with the exception of the Duchy of Burgundy itself, which, with an appeal to Salic law , had been reabsorbed into France upon the death of Mary's father, Charles the Bold . Maximilian and Mary's grandson, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and king of Spain, eventually united all 17 provinces under his rule,

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