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39-448: In 1975 the city of Breda acquired the status “Groeistad” (growing city) to attract people and businesses to move outside the Randstad . In connection with this, a large part of the municipality of Prinsenbeek was transferred to the municipality of Breda. (the part east of the motorway A16, with an area of 1,548 hectares). On these grounds the new Haagse Beemden was constructed. Which already

78-632: A classical centralistic metropolis . Amsterdam recently started to present itself as the Amsterdam metropolitan area ( Metropoolregio Amsterdam ). The expectation is that the use of the terms Noordvleugel and the Randstad will become less prevalent as a result. While Utrecht is not the center of the Noordvleugel, it is in fact the center of the whole of the Netherlands itself. While being categorised as part of

117-515: A developed core at the expense of the periphery, whereas Brunet empirically viewed the Blue Banana as a region of development at Paris's periphery, beyond the French borders. There are also considerations for an economically strong European pentagon with its borders Paris , London , Hamburg , Munich and Milan , with development axes towards the east ( Berlin , Prague , Trieste ). In recent years,

156-460: A lot of local traffic also uses the motorways. Another growing issue is the number of trucks on the radiating motorways from the Randstad; truck volumes can be as high as 20,000 trucks per day, occupying the entire right lane on some motorways. The Randstad is the keystone of the Dutch railway network; most intercity connections terminate in one of the key cities in the Randstad. The railway network in

195-535: A multi sports hall and two scouts clubs. During carnival , the district is one of the few districts in Breda which has its own “Prince Carnaval” and a nickname, “Giegeldonk” (Giggle Dunc). The district has its own flag since 2022. The residents of the Haagse Beemden represented in the volunteer group “Haagse Beemden Verbindt” (Haagse Beemden Connects) took the initiative to organize a design contest. The winning design

234-582: A population of approximately 8.4 million people it is one of the largest metropolitan regions in Europe , comparable in population size to the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region or the San Francisco Bay Area , and covers an area of approximately 11,372 km (4,391 sq mi). The Randstad had a gross regional domestic product of €510 billion in 2022, making it the second most productive region in

273-535: A population of around 3.6 million people, consists of the Haarlem and IJmuiden conurbations in the west, Amsterdam at the centre and Almere , the Gooi area and Utrecht in the east. The conurbation of Utrecht (population around one million) can be considered to be part of this wing, but can also be excluded. The cultural centre of the Noordvleugel, however, is notably centered on Amsterdam , which could as such be considered

312-412: A stronger foundation and better utilized urban spaces. These policies allow countries to expand further, economically, just as Germany has done. If current trends of urbanization continue, 72% of the world's population will live in cities by 2050. This creates the need for the preparation of European countries to improve themselves to deal with the capacity of people that will move into the cities. Since

351-416: Is a major mode of transport. The Port of Rotterdam , and Amsterdam Airport Schiphol , are both major international gateways. There are various smaller ports and airports in the Randstad, like the ports of IJmuiden, Amsterdam and Dordrecht, as well as Rotterdam The Hague Airport . The Randstad has various motorways, most of them starting around Amsterdam and Rotterdam. Many (inter)national corridors start in

390-669: Is home to some of the most reputable universities in Europe, including the University of Amsterdam , the VU Amsterdam , Leiden University , Erasmus University Rotterdam , Utrecht University and the Delft University of Technology . The Randstad possesses a large infrastructure system, with many railways, motorways, trams and subways in various cities. It is possible to cycle on reasonably safe and pleasant routes almost everywhere and cycling

429-428: Is much larger than the current urban area. In the north and the west there is a large meadow area of wet peat soils along the river Mark . The urban areas are mixed with the landscape. Beemd (Meadows) are moist grasslands that were used as pasture and hayfields close to a village. The name of the district is a reference to the former “Beemden” in the north part of the former municipality of Princenhage on which ground

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468-513: Is projected near Utrecht. Some hard shoulders are in use as peak hour lanes – traffic is allowed to use the hard shoulder as a third or fourth lane during periods of congestion, when traffic management signs indicate. Since these expansions traffic jams (which used to be quite intense) have been reduced by up to 25%. Traffic on the highway still is quite heavy, though. Because of the many obstructions in minor roads, such as one-way or circular routes (often created to make living neighbourhoods safer),

507-689: The European Metropolis of Lille , the Benelux states with the Dutch Randstad and Brussels and along the German Rhineland , Southern Germany , Alsace - Moselle in France in the west and Switzerland ( Basel and Zürich ) to Northern Italy ( Milan , Turin , and Genoa ) in the south. The French geographer Roger Brunet, who observed a division between "active" and "passive" spaces, developed

546-783: The European Union , only behind the Paris metropolitan area . It encompasses both the Amsterdam metropolitan area and Rotterdam–The Hague metropolitan area . It is part of the larger Blue Banana megalopolis . The Randstad's main cities are Almere , Amsterdam , Delft , Dordrecht , Haarlem , The Hague , Leiden , Rotterdam , Utrecht , and Zoetermeer . Other towns include Alkmaar , Alphen aan den Rijn , Amersfoort , Amstelveen , Capelle aan den IJssel , Gouda , Heerhugowaard , Hilversum , Hoofddorp , Hoorn , Lelystad , Nieuwegein , Oudewater , Purmerend , Rijswijk , Schiedam , Spijkenisse , Vlaardingen , Zaandam and Zeist . Although

585-578: The Liverpool–Milan Axis , is a discontinuous corridor of urbanization in Western and Central Europe , with a population of around 100 million. The conceptualisation of the area as a "Blue Banana" was developed in 1989 by RECLUS, a group of French geographers managed by Roger Brunet . It stretches approximately from North West England through the English Midlands across Greater London to

624-495: The blue collars of factory workers in the region. Brunet saw the "European Backbone" as the development of historical precedents, e.g. trade routes, or as the consequence of an accumulation of industrial capital. In his analysis, Brunet excluded the Paris urban area and other French conurbations because of French economic insularity. His aim was a greater economic integration in Europe, but he felt that France had lost this connection by

663-512: The 17th century as a result of its persecution of Huguenots and centralisation in Paris. Later versions do, however, include Paris. In 1991, in the context of a study on behalf of the European Commission in support of its Regional Policy , researchers criticized the idea of the Blue Banana as a desirable formation, but not an empirical reality, identifying it as the result of regional competition in Europe. Furthermore, their diagram of

702-474: The Blue Banana had more of a curve, still including Northern Italy, but ending at Barcelona . It also included Paris, and had the Anglo-Scottish border as its northern stem. A study of the history of the Blue Banana as a concept refers to the commission's study as a mistaken rejection of the Blue Banana from Brunet's original conception. From the research on the commission's behalf, the Blue Banana represented

741-599: The Blue Banana has been shifting north towards Germany, as industrialization draws in new populations towards the Northern European countries. Rapid urbanization led to an increase in slums and poverty stricken areas, which pushed European countries to implement new policies regarding urban renewal . Since the United Kingdom’s Action for Cities, France’s Reconquête Urbaine and Germany’s Städtebauförderung have been put in place, these urbanization policies have built

780-559: The Government of the Netherlands, reveals that the Noordvleugel (Amsterdam and Utrecht region) is already growing parallel to the A1, A2, and A4 motorways, as well as into the northern part of North Holland (Alkmaar and Hoorn region) and Flevoland (Almere and Lelystad region). There is also a trend shown that the Noordvleugel is expanding parallel to the A2 (Amsterdam towards Eindhoven) and A12 (Utrecht towards

819-423: The Randstad share some commonalities, there are also large differences originating in centuries of divergent development. There are strong local identities within the region, especially in rural environments. Politically, the Randstad is broadly right -leaning and conservative , with student cities, including Amsterdam, Utrecht, Haarlem, Leiden and Delft, being more left -leaning and progressive . The Randstad

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858-441: The Randstad, including the A1, A2, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, A10, A12, A13, A15, A16, A20, A27 and A28 autosnelwegen , as well as various commuter routes. The Randstad network of motorways carry some of the highest traffic volumes in Europe. Until 2005 most motorways used to be no wider than four or six lanes, but from 2005 on capacity of most major highways expanded to six or eight and on some parts even ten lanes. A 14-lane highway

897-485: The Randstad, the Utrecht agglomeration lies relatively further apart, owing to its long history of rivalry with Holland and Amsterdam in particular. Utrecht is much more monocentric than Amsterdam, which has booming satellite cities such as Haarlem and Almere. While Utrecht functions as the gateway to the Randstad for both car and rail transport, it is disconnected from the virtually continuous urbanised zone in western Holland by

936-514: The Randstad. Over the last few decades, a major topic in the Randstad is the conflict between the cities and the towns in between. These towns and the surrounding countryside, known as the Groene Hart (Green Heart), are usually much greener than the cities, they house many commuters that work in the cities and the former strongly depend on the latter for facilities such as hospitals and large scale entertainment. Cities need more space to expand, yet

975-502: The WERV region, encompassing the cities of Wageningen , Ede , Rhenen and Veenendaal ) motorways. This region is called the Zuidoostflank (English: Southeastside). It is sometimes argued that a cultural divide exists between the Randstad and the rest of the country. This distinction is usually made in relation to Dutch politics and media, who according to critics are mostly interested in

1014-525: The affairs of the Randstad. Both branches (government and media) have their centre in the Randstad; respectively in The Hague and in Hilversum . The Randstad itself, however, does not represent a unified cultural zone. It is not a 'place' of residence or a carrier of cultural identity. According to the late influential urbanist Niek de Boer , the Randstad simply 'does not exist'. While the cities and landscapes in

1053-648: The area is dense and heavily used. Together with the Swiss Federal Railways (1st), and the Belgian railways (3rd), the Dutch Railways are in the top 3 of Europe in punctuality. Larger cities in the Randstad have many railway stations, as well as light rail, subway and/or tram networks. Much effort is being expended in increasing the cycling rate of the Randstad. The campaign Fietsfilevrij exists to encourage cycling as an alternative to waiting in traffic jams on

1092-545: The concept of a West European "backbone" in 1989. He made reference to an urban corridor of industry and services stretching from northern England to northern Italy. The name "Blue Banana" was dually coined by Jacques Chérèque  [ fr ] , and an artist adding a graphic to an article by Josette Alia in Le Nouvel Observateur . The colour blue referred to either the flag of the European Community , or

1131-563: The country's population. With a central-western location, it connects and comprises the Netherlands' four biggest cities ( Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague , and Utrecht ), their suburbs, and many towns in between, that all grew and merged into each other. Among other things, it includes the Port of Rotterdam (the world's busiest seaport outside Asia ), the Port of Amsterdam (Europe's fourth-busiest seaport), and Amsterdam Airport Schiphol (the busiest airport in Europe by aircraft movements ). With

1170-425: The district was built. The Hedge (Haag) surrounding the hunting grounds of the lords of Breda are mentioned in the prefix “Haagse”. The Haagse Beemden consists of nine neighborhoods: In the neighborhoods are shopping areas, elementary and primary schools, schools for secondary education and community centre's. In addition to that there are sports facilities such as, three football (soccer) clubs, two tennis clubs and

1209-490: The motorway. Bicycle "superhighways" have been built on which cyclists have priority for long distance, high speed cycle commuting. For instance, one of these stretches the 50 km distance between Amsterdam and Utrecht. Blue Banana The Blue Banana ( Dutch : blauwe banaan ; French : banane bleue ; German : Blaue Banane ; Italian : banana blu ), also known as the European Megalopolis or

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1248-461: The name Randstad is often translated into English as "edge city" or "border city", a more accurate translation would be "rim city". The Dutch name was coined in 1938 by KLM founder Albert Plesman who, while flying over the region, used it to describe a strip of cities at the rim of a large green agricultural area (the Green Heart ). While technically more of a crescent (the southeastern edge of

1287-578: The protected polder landscape of the Groene Hart . The North Wing of the Randstad is expected to grow more in population than the Zuidvleugel and the Groene Hart areas, with the growth of population also being in effect for a longer period of time, compared to the other two areas. The Zuidvleugel ("South Wing"), with a population of around 3.5 million people, stretches some 60 kilometers from Dordrecht in

1326-413: The rim is significantly less populated), the ring shape formed by connecting the four major cities of the region led to the use of the name "Ring City". Randstad contributes around half or 53% of the Netherlands total GDP. Recently, Dutch planners have started to refer to the Randstad as Deltametropool . This actually consists of two large metropolitan areas: The Noordvleugel ("North Wing"), with

1365-511: The south of Delft to Rotterdam has also been constructed, creating a second connection from Rotterdam , via The Hague , to Amsterdam . A possible new area would be the Zuidoostflank; parallel to the A2 motorway (from Amsterdam to Eindhoven) and parallel to the A12 motorway (Utrecht to WERV (Wageningen, Ede, Rhenen and Veenendaal)), as this region has much potential to strengthen the knowledge economy of

1404-468: The southeast to Leiden in the north. The main conurbations are the Rotterdam and The Hague areas. The virtual centre of the Zuidvleugel lies in between these two major cities, near Delft . The first steps toward this development were taken with the construction of a new fast light-rail connection between Rotterdam and The Hague : RandstadRail . A long-delayed extension of the western A4 motorway from

1443-440: The towns fear losing their identity and autonomy. The Randstad's borders have never been officially specified. Some consider only the four most populous cities of the Netherlands (Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague and Utrecht) part of it, others would say that areas such as Alkmaar (which represents itself as being part of it), Hoorn and Lelystad are also part of this conurbation. The publication "Randstad 2040", released by

1482-537: Was by “Hein de Vree”. The designer explains; The flag was presented on June 11, 2022, during the first edition of the Haagse Beemden Festival, in the presence of the Breda mayor Paul Depla. Randstad The Randstad ( Dutch pronunciation: [ˈrɑntstɑt] ; "Rim City" or "Edge City") is a roughly crescent - or arc-shaped conurbation in the Netherlands , that includes almost half

1521-499: Was planned in 1958. The district was built in the 1980s and 1990s on both sides of the “Burgst” estate. This was later arranged as a park, in which historical elements such as the Chapel of “Gageldonk" and the “Kleine Hoeve” (Small Farmhouse) and “Grote Hoeve” (Large Farmhouse) have been preserved. Along the A16 lie the “Weimeren” nature reserve and recreational lake "De Kuil” (The Pit). The area

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