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44-782: (Redirected from HH-3 ) HH3 or HH-3 may refer to: Sikorsky HH-3, a variant of the Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King helicopter HH3, a model in the series of Honda Acty trucks Prokineticin receptor 2 (HH3) The Short Victorious War , the third novel in the Honor Harrington series by David Weber, abbreviated HH3 See also [ edit ] [REDACTED] Search for "hh3" , "hh-3" , "h-h3" , or "h-h-3" on Misplaced Pages. All pages with titles containing HH-3 All pages with titles containing HH3 H3 (disambiguation) Topics referred to by

88-471: A cargo/passenger utility transport. The aircrew on ASW-tasked Sea Kings were routinely trained to carry out these secondary roles as aircraft could often be quickly adapted to perform different missions in the face of operational needs. The NH-3A (S-61F) was an experimental high-speed compound helicopter based on the Sea King tested in the 1960s. Later modified with a tail rotor able to rotate 90° to serve as

132-466: A demand for carrier suitability trials. These trials, which involved testing the folding mechanism of the main rotor blades and a series of takeoffs performed during winds of up to 50 mph (80 km/h), were completed successfully in mid-1961. Shortly after the completion of suitability trials, the US Navy formally accepted delivery of the first HSS-2 rotorcraft, which was subsequently re-designated as

176-442: A four-man crew on board; these being a pilot and copilot in the cockpit, and two aircrew stationed within the main cabin area. When conducting anti-submarine missions, the rear aircrew operated the aircraft's sensors and interpreted the generated data. For search-and-rescue missions, the Sea King's cabin could accommodate up to 22 survivors. In a medical layout, a maximum of nine stretchers plus two medical officers could be carried. In

220-550: A major operator of the Sikorsky CH-124 Sea King following its introduction to service in 1963. It remained Canada's dominant maritime helicopter for over 50 years, finally being withdrawn in 2018. One notable innovation in Canadian operations, which was subsequently adopted by several other nations, was the use of a winch 'hauldown' landing and securing method, referred to as a ' Beartrap '. This device considerably increased

264-618: A pusher propeller; this helicopter demonstrated "Roto-Prop" pusher propeller for Sikorsky's S-66 design . In addition to those Sea Kings that were manufactured by Sikorsky, several license agreements were enacted with other firms to produce the type. These included the Japanese conglomerate Mitsubishi and the Italian aerospace company Agusta . Another licensee was the British helicopter manufacturer Westland Helicopters , which substantially redesigned

308-484: A request from the service to design a new turbine-powered helicopter that would be capable of performing the ASW mission. The specification included a dipping sonar , mission endurance of four hours, and the ability to support a weapons load of 380 kg (840 lb). In 1957, Sikorsky was awarded a contract to produce an all-weather amphibious helicopter for the US Navy. As per the earlier specification, this new rotorcraft

352-403: A speed of 217.77 mph (350.47 km/h). The base design of the Sea King had proved sound and several aspects were judged to be potentially useful for other operators, thus Sikorsky elected to pursue the further development of the rotorcraft for other markets beyond the US Navy. One of the major variants of the Sea King to be produced was a model for civil operators, which was designated as

396-439: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King The Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King (company designation S-61 ) is an American twin-engined anti-submarine warfare (ASW) helicopter designed and built by Sikorsky Aircraft . A landmark design, it was one of the first ASW rotorcraft to use turboshaft engines. The Sea King has its origins in efforts by

440-775: The German Navy , the Royal Australian Navy , and the Royal Norwegian Air Force . While Sikorsky opted to terminate its own Sea King production line during the 1970s, the type has had a lengthy service life. In September 2009, it was reported that nearly 600 Sea Kings were believed to still be operational. The Sea King was produced in the USA, and under license in the U.K. by Westland, Italy by Augusta, Canada by United Aircraft of Canada, and in Japan by Mitsubushi. Total production

484-464: The HSS-2 ; at the time, it was not only the largest amphibious helicopter in the world, but was also the first all-weather rotorcraft to reach production status for the US Navy. When the unified aircraft designation system was introduced, the rotorcraft's designation was changed to SH-3A. It was used primarily for anti-submarine warfare : the largely involved the detection and tracking of Soviet submarines. In

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528-583: The Sikorsky S-61L . The first operator of the S-61L was Los Angeles Airways , who introduced the type to service on 11 March 1962. Another noteworthy Sea King variant, the significant change this time being the adoption of a conventional fuselage, the Sikorsky S-61R , was also concurrently developed for transport and search and rescue (SAR) duties, this type being extensively operated by the U.S. Air Force and

572-434: The U.S. Coast Guard . In US Navy service, the initial SH-3A model of the Sea King would be progressively converted into the improved SH-3D and SH-3H variants; these featured more powerful engines and improved sensors that gave the type greater operational capabilities as an ASW platform. It was also common for Sea Kings to be converted for non-ASW activities, these roles included minesweeping, combat search and rescue, and as

616-572: The United Kingdom , who developed a specially modified version for the Royal Navy . It is powered by a pair of Rolls-Royce Gnome turbines (license-built T58s), and has British avionics and ASW equipment. This variant first flew in 1969, and entered service the next year. It was until 2017 also used by the Royal Air Force in a search and rescue capacity, and has been sold to many countries around

660-476: The United States Navy to counter the growing threat of Soviet submarines during the 1950s. Accordingly, the helicopter was specifically developed to deliver a capable ASW platform; in particular, it combined the roles of hunter and killer , which had previously been carried out by two separate helicopters. The Sea King was initially designated HSS-2 , which was intended to imply a level of commonality to

704-788: The Westland Sea King . The major civil versions are the S-61L and S-61N . The S-61R was another important variant, which was the CH-3C/E Sea King, used by the U.S. Coast Guard as the HH-3F Pelican, and the Air Force's HH-3E Jolly Green Giant; this version had a ramp at the rear among other changes. During the Cold War , the Soviet Navy built up a large and varied fleet of submarines which at one point

748-696: The amphibious assault ship USS New Orleans , recovered Apollo 14 . A specialist search and rescue variant of the SH-3, the HH-3, also performed in this capacity. Several Sea Kings, operated by the United States Marine Corps 's HMX-1 unit, are used as the official helicopters of the President of the United States ; in this capacity, the call sign ' Marine One ' is used by the helicopter currently occupied by

792-500: The ASQ-81 magnetic anomaly detector . The commonly fitted AKT-22 data link enabled the rapid dissemination of sonar information to other friendly elements. Some later Sea King models featured the TACNAV digital navigation system (first generation GPS) and overhauled cockpit instrumentation for night vision compatibility. During June 1961, the Sea King became operational with the US Navy as

836-583: The Mitsubishi version was called the HSS-2. The Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King is a twin-engine medium-sized amphibious rotorcraft. Many of the features on board the Sea King represented a considerable advancement over preceding helicopters. In addition to being fully amphibious and capable of operating under all weather conditions, it is the first operational American helicopter to be able to simultaneously hunt and destroy submarines. Its twin- turboshaft powerplant layout gave

880-690: The President. As of 2012, a replacement helicopter fleet for the Sea King was pending under the VXX program. In 1992, the US Justice Department sued Sikorsky over allegations of overcharged component pricing and deliberately misleading US Navy negotiators. In 1997, the Justice Department issued further accusations against Sikorsky of willful overcharging on a contract to upgrade the Navy's Sea Kings. In 2024,

924-473: The SH-3 a higher payload and greater reliability than previous anti-submarine helicopters. In the event of a single engine failing, the Sea King could continue flying on a single engine. The powerplant used on the Sea King was the General Electric T58-GE-8B , which was initially capable of generating up to 1,250 shp (930 kW) each. In normal operations, the Sea King typically would have

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968-603: The SH-3A, in September 1961. In late 1961 and early 1962, a modified US Navy HSS-2 Sea King was used to break the FAI 3 km, 100 km, 500 km and 1000 km helicopter speed records. This series of flights culminated on 5 February 1962 with the HSS-2 setting an absolute helicopter speed record of 210.6 mph (338.9 km/h). This record was broken by a modified French Sud-Aviation Super Frelon helicopter on 23 July 1963 with

1012-536: The SH-60 Sea Hawk. In the early 21st century, following their drawdown in US service, there have been a number of initiatives to refurbish ex-military Sea Kings for continued operations; in addition to civil operators, nations such as Egypt and India acquired refurbished former US Sea Kings to supplement their own aging fleets. The Westland Sea King variant was manufactured under license by Westland Helicopters Ltd in

1056-524: The Sea King to produce various models of their own, collectively referred to as the Westland Sea King . In contrast to the US Navy's Sea Kings, the Westland Sea King was intended for greater operational autonomy. In total, Westland produced 330 Sea Kings; outside of its British-based operators, various export customers were found for the Westland Sea King. including the Indian Naval Air Arm ,

1100-684: The VH-3D was replaced by the VH-92 Patriot as the Marine One helicopter. During the 1990s, the Sea King was replaced in the ASW and SAR roles by the U.S. Navy with the newer Sikorsky SH-60 Sea Hawk . However, the SH-3 continued to operate in reserve units in roles including logistical support, search and rescue, and transport. On 27 January 2006, the SH-3 was ceremonially retired at NAS Norfolk , Virginia, by Helicopter Combat Support Squadron 2 (HC-2). They have been replaced by increasingly advanced variants of

1144-608: The ability of Sea Kings to land in difficult conditions, such as on small flight decks or during poor weather conditions. The Sea King was exported in large numbers to various nations, such as Brazil , Italy , Japan and the United Kingdom . Several operators have kept their Sea Kings in use for more than 50 years. During the Vietnam War , SH-3s rescued the crews of downed aircraft at sea and over land, typically being equipped with self-sealing fuel tanks , multiple machine guns and heavy armor when performing such missions. Due to

1188-571: The aircraft could carry up to four torpedoes or four depth charges. For anti-ship duties, some models were outfitted to carry one or two missiles, typically Sea Eagles or Exocets . The Sea King could also be fitted to deploy the B57 nuclear bomb . ASW equipment used on Sea Kings has included the AQS-13 A/B/E dipping sonar which included specialized computers for processing sonar and sonobuoy data, various models of sonobuoys , ARR-75 Sonobuoy Receivers, and

1232-860: The earlier HSS-1 ; it was subsequently redesignated as the SH-3A during the early 1960s. Introduced to service in 1961, it was operated by the United States Navy as a key ASW and utility asset for several decades prior to being replaced by the non-amphibious Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk in the 1990s. In late 1961 and early 1962, a modified U.S. Navy HSS-2 Sea King was used to break the FAI 3 km, 100 km, 500 km, and 1000 km helicopter speed records. The Sea King also performed various other roles and missions such as search-and-rescue, transport, anti-shipping, medevac , plane guard , and airborne early warning operations. The Sea King has also proved to be popular on

1276-475: The event of open warfare breaking out between the two powers, Sea Kings would have been used to attack these submarines with the intent to sink them. The Sea King was able to operate from the flight decks of many of the US Navy's vessels as well as shore bases. It could also operate from offshore platforms to extend their surveillance and strike ranges. The type was capable of conducting nighttime ASW operations, albeit these usually posed considerable difficulty for

1320-517: The export market with foreign military customers, and has also been sold to civil operators as well. As of 2024, many examples of the type remain in service in nations around the world, although some major users have begun to retire the type. The Sea King has been built under license by Agusta in Italy, Mitsubishi in Japan, Canada by United Aircraft of Canada , and by Westland in the United Kingdom as

1364-513: The flight crew. The Sea King also performed various other roles and missions such as search-and-rescue, transport, anti-shipping and airborne early warning operations. Aircraft carriers would typically deploy Sea Kings to operate near the carrier as a plane guard , ready to rescue air crew who crashed during takeoff or landing. They were routinely used in a logistical capacity at sea, transferring personnel, mail, and other lighter cargoes between vessels. The Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) became

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1408-423: The navigation suite for the rotorcraft was developed jointly by Sikorsky and the US Navy. Key features of the emerging ASW helicopter included its amphibious hull , which enabled the rotorcraft to readily perform water landings, and its adoption of a twin-turboshaft engine arrangement that enabled it to be larger, heavier and better-equipped than had been possible with prior helicopters. The designation HSS-2

1452-416: The ocean's surface. Deployable airbags in the aircraft's sponsons added to the rotorcraft's stability and buoyancy, resisting pitching and rolling. The hull design was compatible with landing on challenging terrain, including ice, snow, swamp land, and tundra. Wheels are installed in the sponsons for land operations. The armament fitted upon a Sea King could vary considerably. For anti-submarine missions,

1496-403: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title HH3 . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HH3&oldid=1255121992 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

1540-571: The transfer of patients from the battlefield to a treatment facility or from one treatment facility to another by medical personnel, such as from a local hospital to another medical facility which has adequate medical equipment. In Asia, according to Aeromedical Global (M) Sdn Bhd, medical evacuations via air ambulance can be performed via a single or dual stretched setup. According to patients medical condition, Emergency Air Ambulances will be equipped with relevant equipment (ventilators, Portable O2 Concentrator etc). The first medical transport by air

1584-458: The troop transport role, up to 28 soldiers can be accommodated. The Sea King features many design elements to support naval-orientated operations. The main rotor blades and the tail section can be folded via fully automated systems for storage on board ships. The adoption of an amphibious hull allowed a Sea King to conduct a water landing and, being completely watertight, would enable the rotorcraft to remaining floating for prolonged periods on

1628-535: The type's greater range and the safety of having two engines, it was often used during rescue sorties into North Vietnam to retrieve downed aircrew. The Sea King was also used for medical evacuations and disaster relief efforts. The SH-3 was the primary helicopter for retrieving manned space capsules starting with Mercury-Atlas 7 in May 1962. Helicopter 66 was the primary recovery vehicle for Apollo missions 8 and 10 to 13. In February 1971, an SH-3A, operating from

1672-488: The world. Argentina Denmark United States Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1979-80 General characteristics Performance Armament Related development Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era Related lists Medical evacuation Examples include civilian EMS vehicles, civilian aeromedical helicopter services, and military air ambulances. This term also covers

1716-492: Was about 1100 to 1300. The S-61 family includes the S-61L and S-61N, which are commercial models. The S-61R, which is the CH-3C/E Sea King, HH-3E Jolly Green Giant and HH-3F Pelican. The S-61 license built by Westland had different engines and is usually called the Westland Sea King. Canadian Sea Kings were called CH-124 and license made by United Aircraft of Canada. They were made in Italy by Agusta and called AS-61 and ASH-3. In Japan

1760-434: Was applied, allegedly to imply a level of commonality to the earlier HSS-1 , should political sentiment turn against the development of an entirely new rotorcraft. A total of ten prototypes were produced to support the development program. On 11 March 1959, the first prototype conducted its maiden flight . During early 1961, a pair of prototypes were stationed on board the aircraft carrier Lake Champlain to fulfill

1804-596: Was by 2nd Lt Carter Harman , in Japanese-held Burma , who had to make several hops to get his Sikorsky YR-4B to the 1st Air Commando Group 's secret airfield in enemy territory and then made four trips from there between April 25 and 26 to recover the American pilot and four injured British soldiers, one at a time. The first medivac under fire happened in Manila in 1945 when five pilots evacuated 75-80 soldiers one or two at

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1848-418: Was in excess of 200 operational submarines. The US Navy countered this threat by the improvement and development of various anti-submarine warfare (ASW) capabilities, which resulted in the development of the Sea King. During the late 1950s, the US Navy took advantage of recent aerospace advances, such as the turboshaft engine, by commissioning the development of a new large naval helicopter. Sikorsky received

1892-566: Was recorded in Serbia in the autumn of 1915 during the First World War . One of the ill soldiers in that first medical transport was Milan Rastislav Štefánik , a Slovak pilot-volunteer who was flown to safety by French aviator Louis Paulhan . The United States Army used this lifesaving technique in Burma toward the end of World War II with Sikorsky R-4B helicopters. The first helicopter rescue

1936-482: Was to excel at ASW; specifically, it would combine the roles of hunter and killer, as these two duties had previously been carried out by two separate helicopters. It was also the first helicopter to be procured under the US Navy's new weapon system concept, under which Sikorsky was responsible not only for the design and production of the airframe, but all major onboard systems, such as the sonar , navigational equipment, electronic devices, and support equipment. As such,

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