Naval aviation / Aeronaval is the application of military air power by navies , whether from warships that embark aircraft, or land bases. It often involves navalised aircraft , specifically designed for naval use. Seaborne aviation encompasses similar activities not restricted to navies, including marines and coast guards , such as in U.S. naval aviators .
100-558: The Indian Naval Air Arm is the aviation branch and a fighting arm of the Indian Navy which is tasked to provide an aircraft carrier -based strike capability, fleet air defence , maritime reconnaissance , and anti-submarine warfare . The Flag Officer Naval Aviation (FONA) appears to direct the field operations of the air arm. The first naval air station, INS Garuda , was inaugurated in Cochin on 11 May 1953. This went hand-in-hand with
200-493: A flight deck on the fore-deck; in 1917 it was reconstructed with separate flight decks fore and aft of the superstructure; then finally, after the war, it was heavily reconstructed with a three-quarter length main flight deck, and a lower-level take-off only flight deck on the fore-deck. On 2 August 1917, Squadron Commander E.H. Dunning , Royal Navy, landed his Sopwith Pup aircraft on Furious in Scapa Flow , Orkney , becoming
300-560: A French Alize anti-submarine aircraft. On 18 May 1961, the first jet landed on board, piloted by Lieutenant (later Admiral ) Radhakrishna Hariram Tahiliani . That year, the No.310 Cobras Squadron (consisting of Alize aircraft) was commissioned. After playing an important role in several major Indian military actions, specifically the Liberation of Goa and the India-Pakistani war of 1971 , she
400-850: A Task Force. Secondary Roles: Anti-piracy , Anti-terrorist activities and assistance in Search and Rescue (SAR). Payloads: EO /IR, AIS, Maritime Patrol Radar, EW and communication relay with a capacity of >50 kg (110 lb). Endurance: >12 hours. 15 more on order. 6 on order The C-295 was eventually chosen. They will be equipped with advanced sensors, glass cockpit, advanced surveillance radar, ELINT , optical sensors and networking features. Ministry of Defence has given clearance for procurement on 16 February 2024. 12 in serice 6 more planned 19 on order Flag Officer Naval Aviation (FONA) controls training, maintenance and other functions of naval aviation. Aircraft yards at Kochi , Kerala and Dabolim , Goa are responsible for maintaining
500-403: A country's seagoing forces with air cover over areas that may not be reachable by land-based aircraft, giving them a considerable advantage over navies composed primarily of surface combatants. Naval aviation also provides countries with the opportunity to deploy military aircraft over land and sea, without the need for air bases on land. Aircraft may be used to conduct naval mine clearance ,
600-569: A designer and manufacturer of defense systems house with products based on electromagnetic sensors ( radar , electronic warfare and communication ) and other advanced technologies. ELTA's highly skilled and experienced workforce includes 4,200 personnel, of which 90% are qualified scientists, engineers, computer specialists, and technicians. ELTA was the first company to introduce an Active Electronically Scanned Array Airborne (AESA) Early Warning Aircraft and implement advanced mission aircraft using efficient, high-performance business jet platforms. As
700-525: A host of roles including anti-submarine warfare (ASW) , anti-surface warfare (ASuW) and airborne early warning and control (AEW&C) . The communication equipment like satellite communication and Identification, friend or foe (IFF) equipment for helicopters in this order have been indigenously developed. Deliveries commenced in July 2021 when the first 2 helicopters were handed to the Indian Navy. The helicopter
800-530: A large part of the Sea King fleet being grounded for want of spare parts. Seventeen of the Sea King helicopters will be upgraded. The upgrade will feature day and night capability, the capability to work in adverse weather conditions, integration of two anti-ship missiles with a range of fifty kilometers and a new radar. Aérospatiale SA 316 Alouette III : Also known as the Chetak, these choppers have seen active service in
900-653: A leader in many important fields, such as Synthetic Aperture Radar systems, ELTA has filed 811 patents in 159 categories. The company has received numerous awards and prizes, including the prestigious Israel Defense Award on fourteen occasions. On July 24, 2024, Dror Bar was appointed IAI Vice President and CEO of ELTA. ELTA Systems is organized into seven divisions: 1) Airborne Systems and Radar; 2) Air Defense & Naval Systems; 3) Intelligence, Communications, and EW; 4) Land Systems; 5) Engineering and Systems; 6) Software Engineering and 7) Cyber. Airborne Systems & Radar Division The Airborne Systems & Radars division
1000-619: A manned reconnaissance device that would give the viewer the advantage of considerable height. In 1908 Prime Minister H. H. Asquith approved the formation of an "Aerial Sub-Committee of the Committee of Imperial Defence " to investigate the potential for naval aviation. In 1909 this body accepted the proposal of Captain Reginald Bacon made to the First Sea Lord Sir John Fisher that rigid airships should be constructed for
1100-403: A more mobile strike capacity led to the development of the aircraft carrier - the backbone of modern naval aviation. HMS Ark Royal was the first purpose-built seaplane carrier and was also arguably the first modern aircraft carrier. She was originally laid down as a merchant ship, but was converted on the building stocks to be a hybrid airplane/seaplane carrier with a launch platform and
SECTION 10
#17328510957901200-726: A naval zeppelin detachment in Berlin-Johannisthal and an airplane squadron in Putzig (Puck, Poland). The Japanese established the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service , modelled on the RNAS , in 1913. On 24 January 1913 came the first wartime naval aviation interservice cooperation mission. Greek pilots on a seaplane observed and drew a diagram of the positions of the Turkish fleet against which they dropped four bombs. This event
1300-639: A new airbase will be set up in Muscat , Oman to tackle piracy in the Gulf of Aden . Three years later in 2012 it is not clear whether any action has been taken on this proposal. The southernmost naval air station, INS Baaz was formally opened on 31 July 2012 by the Chief of the Indian Navy at Cambell Bay in Andaman and Nicobar Islands . With the commissioning of this station, the country acquired increased capability to keep vigil on
1400-612: A platform extending from the side of the flight deck. In the United States, Admiral William Benson attempted to entirely dissolve the USN's Naval Aeronautics program in 1919. Assistant Secretary of the Navy Franklin Roosevelt and others succeeded in maintaining it, but the service continued to support battleship-based doctrines. To counter Billy Mitchell 's campaign to establish a separate Department of Aeronautics, Secretary of
1500-727: A seaplane carrier against a land target as well as a sea target took place in September 1914 when the Imperial Japanese Navy carrier Wakamiya conducted ship-launched air raids from Kiaochow Bay during the Battle of Tsingtao in China. The four Maurice Farman seaplanes bombarded German-held land targets (communication centers and command centers) and damaged a German minelayer in the Tsingtao peninsula from September until 6 November 1914, when
1600-585: A ship which was under way occurred. Hibernia steamed at 10.5 knots (19.4 km/h; 12.1 mph) at the Royal Fleet Review in Weymouth Bay , England . Hibernia then transferred her aviation equipment to battleship London . Based on these experiments, the Royal Navy concluded that aircraft were useful aboard ship for spotting and other purposes, but that interference with the firing of guns caused by
1700-459: A small number of aircraft. The solution to the problem were large numbers of mass-produced merchant hulls converted into escort aircraft carriers (also known as "jeep carriers"). These basic vessels, unsuited to fleet action by their capacity, speed and vulnerability, nevertheless provided air cover where it was needed. The Royal Navy had observed the impact of naval aviation and, obliged to prioritise their use of resources, abandoned battleships as
1800-477: A wide range of advanced systems based on the company's proprietary radar sensors and processing technologies. These systems include strategic early warning, missile, and air defense radars; maritime domain awareness, targeting, and fire control radars; air defense radars; intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) systems for land, naval, and underwater applications; Counter Rocket, Artillery and Missile (C-RAM) defense; and port security systems. This division
1900-778: A wide range of unique solutions for ground-based applications, from border and critical infrastructure protection through to combat systems. The Division's portfolio includes advanced staring array ground radars, autonomous combat vehicle systems, combat engineering systems such as counter-mine and IED suites, obstacle breaching solutions, and counter-UAV systems. The division develops solutions for specific challenges faced by ground-based forces, such as urban combat, tactical situational awareness, combat logistics, force protection, homeland security, and emergency response. Technologies Engineering and Systems Division The Technologies & Division provides ELTA with independent capabilities for manufacturing critical components and subsystems supporting
2000-555: Is a method of supplying naval vessels at sea, by helicopter . This means moving cargo and supplies from supply ships to the flight decks of other naval vessels using naval helicopters. During the Cold War , the navies of NATO faced a significant threat from Soviet submarine forces, specifically Soviet Navy SSN and SSGN assets. This resulted in the development and deployment of light aircraft carriers with major anti-submarine warfare (ASW) capabilities by European NATO navies. One of
2100-448: Is a system house focused on the design, development, integration, and management of airborne early warning and control (AEW&C) programs and the design and development of airborne radar system and sensor suites, including maritime surveillance radars, fire control radars, and SAR/GMTI sensors for crewed & un-crewed platforms. Air Defense & Naval Systems As Israel's leading radar house, ELTA designs, develops, and manufactures
SECTION 20
#17328510957902200-416: Is also used as part of amphibious warfare . Aircraft based on naval ships provide support to marines and other forces performing amphibious landings. Ship-based aircraft may also be used to support amphibious forces as they move inland. Naval aircraft are used for various maritime patrol missions, such as reconnaissance, search and rescue, and maritime law enforcement. Vertical replenishment (VERTREP)
2300-434: Is also valuable. Naval aircraft played an important part in providing relief in the wake of the 2010 Haiti earthquake and Typhoon Haiyan . [REDACTED] Media related to Naval aviation at Wikimedia Commons Elta Systems ELTA Systems Ltd (ELTA) is a leading Israeli defense technology company specializing in designing, developing, and producing advanced electronic systems and sensors. A group and subsidiary of
2400-521: Is located in the port city of Ashdod within the framework of Levi Eshkol government's policy of industry decentralization, as part of Levi Eshkol's policy of industry decentralization. This campus covers an area of 13,000 square meters and includes extensive green areas and facilities that benefit employees and visitors. An additional satellite facility is located in the desert city of Beersheba , where vehicle production and other manufacturing and assembly activities are implemented. The group operates as
2500-762: Is responsible for the well-known Multi-Mode Radar (MMR), the backbone of sophisticated air defense systems in Israel and worldwide. Intelligence, Communications & EW Division The Intelligence, Communication & EW Division is ELTA's center for the design, development, and production of SIGINT , EW, and communications solutions. Innovative products include the world's first AESA EW system, unique ELINT and COMINT solutions, advanced data links, and SATCOM terminals for ground, vehicle, naval, and airborne applications. The division supports national-level intelligence gathering and processing with sophisticated IMINT and GEOINT systems. Land Systems The Land Systems Division offers
2600-566: Is supposed to have read, "Chittagong harbour ablaze as ships and aircraft of the (Pakistan) Eastern Naval Fleet bombed and rocketed. Not a single vessel can be put to sea from Chittagong". Air strikes staged from Vikrant continued till 10 December 1971. Given naval intelligence that indicated the intent of the Pakistan Navy to break through the Indian Naval blockade using camouflaged merchant ships, Vikrant ' s Sea Hawks struck shipping in
2700-486: The Leopard -class frigate INS Brahmaputra , as well as INS Beas , Vikrant redeployed towards Chittagong at the outbreak of hostilities. The morning of 4 December 1971, the eight Sea Hawk aircraft on Vikrant launched an air raid on Cox's Bazar from 60 nautical miles (110 km; 69 mi) away. That evening, the air group struck Chittagong harbour. Other strikes targeted Khulna and Mongla. A PTI message
2800-560: The Doolittle Raid of 1942, 16 Army medium bombers were launched from the carrier Hornet on one-way missions to bomb Japan. All were lost to fuel exhaustion after bombing their targets and the experiment was not repeated. Smaller carriers were built in large numbers to escort slow cargo convoys or supplement fast carriers. Aircraft for observation or light raids were also carried by battleships and cruisers, while blimps were used to search for attack submarines. Experience showed that there
2900-483: The PBY Catalina helped finding submarines and surface fleets. In World War II the aircraft carrier replaced the battleship as the most powerful naval offensive weapons system as battles between fleets were increasingly fought out of gun range by aircraft. The Japanese Yamato , the heaviest battleship ever built, was first turned back by light escort carrier aircraft and later sunk lacking its own air cover. During
3000-640: The Royal Navy to be used for reconnaissance. This resulted in the construction of Mayfly in 1909, the first air component of the navy to become operational, and the genesis of modern naval aviation. The first pilots for the Royal Navy were transferred from the Royal Aero Club in June 1910 along with two aircraft with which to train new pilots, and an airfield at Eastchurch became the Naval Flying School,
3100-786: The United States Navy to demonstrate that airplanes could take off from and land aboard ships at sea. One of his pilots, Eugene Ely , took off from the cruiser USS Birmingham anchored off the Virginia coast in November 1910. Two months later Ely landed aboard another cruiser, USS Pennsylvania , in San Francisco Bay , proving the concept of shipboard operations. However, the platforms erected on those vessels were temporary measures. The U.S. Navy and Glenn Curtiss experienced two firsts during January 1911. On 27 January, Curtiss flew
Indian Naval Air Arm - Misplaced Pages Continue
3200-576: The Wright brothers and Curtiss. A camp with a primitive landing field was established on the Severn River at Greenbury Point, near Annapolis, Maryland . The vision of the aerial fleet was for scouting. Each aircraft would have a pilot and observer. The observer would use the wireless radio technology to report on enemy ships. Some thoughts were given to deliver counterattacks on hostile aircraft using "explosives or other means". Using airplanes to bomb ships
3300-564: The ski-jump ramp as an alternative to contemporary catapult systems. As the Royal Navy retired or sold the last of its World War II-era carriers, they were replaced with smaller ships designed to operate helicopters and the V/STOVL Sea Harrier jet. The ski-jump gave the Harriers an enhanced STOVL capability, allowing them to take off with heavier payloads. In 2013, the US Navy completed
3400-570: The Chittagong and Cox's Bazar harbours, sinking or incapacitating most merchant ships there. The Hughes 269 helicopter was previously in service for training. The BAE Sea Harrier inducted in the 1980s operated from INS Viraat . Until 6 March 2016, the BAE Sea Harrier FRS Mk.51 / T Mk.60 flew with the INAS 300 and INAS 552 squadrons of the Indian Navy. The Sea Harriers are armed with
3500-620: The Germans surrendered. One Japanese plane was credited being shot down by the German aviator Gunther Plüschow in an Etrich Taube , using his pistol. On the Western front the first naval air raid occurred on 25 December 1914 when twelve seaplanes from HMS Engadine , Riviera and Empress ( cross-channel steamers converted into seaplane carriers) attacked the Zeppelin base at Cuxhaven . The raid
3600-540: The Indian Navy started in 2009. The fighter plane is different from the MiG-29 flown by Indian Air Force . The aircraft has been modified for aircraft carrier operation by hardening the undercarriage. It also has much better 'over-the-nose' vision to make it easy to land aboard a carrier at a high angle of attack . Modifications made for Indian Navy requirement featured Zhuk-ME radar, RD-33MK engine, combat payload up to 5,500 kg (12,100 lb), 13 hardpoints (inclusive of
3700-458: The Indian Navy took flight on 22 January 2007. The MIG-29 KUB (two-seat trainer) is similar to the MIG-29K but with reduced operational range. The aircraft will be fielded on the aircraft carrier INS Vikramaditya . The first squadron, INAS 303 , the "Black Panthers", was commissioned on 11 May 2013. On 11 July 2016, second squadron, INAS 300 , was commissioned. The delivery of the aircraft to
3800-739: The Matra Magic-II AAM and the Sea Eagle Anti-ship missiles. The aircraft were upgraded with the Elta EL/M-2032 radar and the Rafael Derby BVRAAM missiles. Year 1988 saw the induction of Tupolev 142M into service. The aircraft started operations from Dabolim in Goa and later shifted its operations to INS Rajali in 1992. Tu-142M was primarily used in the long-range maritime reconnaissance and anti-submarine warfare role. The aircraft served
3900-453: The MiG-29K prototype for possible induction into the Indian Navy. The Team evaluated the aircraft on ground as well as in the air (the flight evaluation was conducted by a Navy Test Pilot Commander Ahuja). Some other aircraft were also evaluated but the MiG-29K was chosen. On 20 January 2004, the Indian Navy signed a contract for 12 single-seat MiG-29K and 4 two-seat MiG-29KUB. The first MIG-29K for
4000-557: The MiG-29KUB), a French Sigma-95 satellite GPS module and Topsight E helmet-mounted targeting system compatible with the full range of weapons carried by the MiG-29M and MiG-29SMT. New Delhi and Boeing signed a $ 2.1 billion contract in January 2009 to deliver eight P-8Is for anti-submarine operations, to replace the ageing fleet of Russian-manufactured Tupolev Tu142M planes. The P-8I varies from
4100-590: The Navy Josephus Daniels ordered a rigged test against USS Indiana in 1920 which reached the conclusion that "the entire experiment pointed to the improbability of a modern battleship being either destroyed or completely put out of action by aerial bombs." Investigation by the New-York Tribune that discovered the rigging led to Congressional resolutions compelling more honest studies . The sinking of SMS Ostfriesland involved violating
Indian Naval Air Arm - Misplaced Pages Continue
4200-731: The Navy as well as the Coast Guard. They are carried on several combatants as well as non-combatant ships. They are also operated from and maintained at the INS Shikra and INS Utkrosh Naval Air Stations in Mumbai and Port Blair respectively. Sikorsky MH-60R Seahawk : The Indian Government signed a $ 2.4 billion contract in February 2020 for 24 MH-60R helicopters to replace its fleet of Sea King helicopters. The Seahawks will be Indian Navy's primary helicopter for
4300-515: The Navy received its first Dhruvs on 28 March 2002. It is expected to receive a total of 120 units to replace the Chetak helicopters in service. The naval variant is fitted with the Super Vision-2000 maritime radar, capable of detecting targets with low radar cross-section at a range of 200 km (120 mi). The anti-submarine version of the helicopter is fitted with dunking sonar, torpedoes, depth charges. The helicopter may also be fitted with
4400-437: The Navy's rules of engagement but completely vindicated Mitchell to the public. Some men, such as Captain (soon Rear Admiral) William A. Moffett , saw the publicity stunt as a means to increase funding and support for the Navy's aircraft carrier projects. Moffett was sure that he had to move decisively in order to avoid having his fleet air arm fall into the hands of a proposed combined Land/Sea Air Force which took care of all
4500-458: The P-8A, wherein it has a Magnetic anomaly detector (MAD) and an aft-mounted radar that provides it with 360-degree aerial radar surveillance capability. It features communication and other devices on-board that have been indigenously developed by Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) . The first squadron, INAS 312 , was formed with eight aircraft in November 2015. A follow-on order worth over $ 1 billion for
4600-642: The United States's airpower needs. (That very fate had befallen the two air services of the United Kingdom in 1918: the Royal Flying Corps had been combined with the Royal Naval Air Service to become the Royal Air Force , a condition which would remain until 1937.) Moffett supervised the development of naval air tactics throughout the '20s. The first aircraft carrier entered the U.S. fleet with
4700-500: The War. The first jet landing on a carrier was made by Lt Cdr Eric 'Winkle' Brown who landed on HMS Ocean in the specially modified de Havilland Vampire ( registration LZ551/G) on 3 December 1945. Following the introduction of angled flight decks , jets were regularly operating from carriers by the mid-1950s. An important development of the early 1950s was the British invention of
4800-586: The Western Front. In 1914 the first aerial torpedo was dropped in trials performed in a Short "Folder" by Lieutenant (later Air Chief Marshal Sir) Arthur Longmore , and in August 1915, a Short Type 184 piloted by Flight Commander Charles Edmonds from HMS Ben-my-Chree sank a Turkish supply ship in the Sea of Marmara with a 14-inch-diameter (360 mm), 810-pound (370 kg) torpedo. The first strike from
4900-414: The aftermath of natural disasters. Naval aircraft are vital in cases where traditional infrastructure to provide relief are destroyed or overtaxed in the wake of a disaster, such as when a region's airport is destroyed or overcrowded and the region cannot be effectively accessed by road or helicopter. The capability of ships to provide clean, fresh water which can be transported by helicopter to affected areas
5000-470: The aircraft tows a sled through the water but is itself at a significant distance from the water, hopefully putting itself out of harm's way. Aircraft include the MH-53E and AW101 . Aircraft operated by navies are also used in the anti-surface warfare (ASUW or ASuW) role, to attack enemy ships and other, surface combatants . This is generally conducted using air-launched anti-ship missiles . Naval aviation
5100-493: The aircraft. The Gnome -engined Short Improved S.27 "S.38", pusher seaplane piloted by Lieutenant Charles Samson become the first British aircraft to take-off from a ship while at anchor in the River Medway , on 10 January 1912. Africa then transferred her flight equipment to her sister ship Hibernia . In May 1912, with Commander Samson again flying the "S.38", the first ever instance of an aircraft to take off from
SECTION 50
#17328510957905200-477: The angled flight deck by Capt D.R.F. Campbell RN in conjunction with Lewis Boddington of the Royal Aircraft Establishment at Farnborough. The runway was canted at an angle of a few degrees from the longitudinal axis of the ship. If an aircraft missed the arrestor cables (referred to as a " bolter "), the pilot only needed to increase engine power to maximum to get airborne again, and would not hit
5300-454: The capacity to hold up to four wheeled aircraft. Launched on 5 September 1914, she served in the Dardanelles campaign and throughout World War I. During World War I the Royal Navy also used HMS Furious to experiment with the use of wheeled aircraft on ships. This ship was reconstructed three times between 1915 and 1925: first, while still under construction, it was modified to receive
5400-406: The commissioning of the No.550 Squadron , utilising Short Sealand aircraft and Fairey Firefly aircraft 1960 saw the commissioning of No.300 White Tigers Squadron , consisting of Sea Hawks . In the very next year (1961), INS Vikrant (formerly HMS Hercules ) was acquired by the Indian Navy . Vikrant ' s initial airwing consisted of British Hawker Sea Hawk fighter-bombers and
5500-502: The company's vast product portfolio. This includes Active Electronic Scanning Arrays (AESA) employing advanced materials such as Gallium Nitride (GaN), miniaturized microwave modules, antennas, transmitters, signal processors, and special automatic test equipment. In addition, this division serves as the manufacturing, procurement, and logistic center for the entire ELTA Systems group. Software Engineering Division The division delivers software support for all ELTA programs. This includes
5600-648: The conversion of the collier USS Jupiter and its recommissioning as USS Langley in 1922. Many British naval vessels carried float planes, seaplanes or amphibians for reconnaissance and spotting: two to four on battleships or battlecruisers and one on cruisers. The aircraft, a Fairey Seafox or later a Supermarine Walrus , were catapult-launched , and landed on the sea alongside for recovery by crane. Several submarine aircraft carriers were built by Japan, each carrying one floatplane, which did not prove effective in war. The French Navy built one large submarine , Surcouf , which also carried one floatplane, and
5700-469: The course of the war, seaborne aircraft were used in fleet actions at sea ( Midway , Bismarck ), strikes against naval units in port ( Taranto , Pearl Harbor ), support of ground forces ( Okinawa , Allied invasion of Italy ) and anti-submarine warfare (the Battle of the Atlantic ). Carrier-based aircraft were specialised as dive bombers , torpedo bombers , and fighters . Surface-based aircraft such as
5800-583: The cruiser Hermes converted into a seaplane carrier . In 1914, naval aviation was split again, and became the Royal Naval Air Service . However, shipboard naval aviation had begun in the Royal Navy, and would become a major part of fleet operations by 1917. Other early operators of seaplanes were Germany , within its Marine-Fliegerabteilung naval aviation units within the Kaiserliche Marine , and Russia . In May 1913 Germany established
5900-609: The demands of carrier operations. They must be able to launch in a short distance and be sturdy and flexible enough to come to a sudden stop on a pitching flight deck; they typically have robust folding mechanisms that allow higher numbers of them to be stored in below-decks hangars and small spaces on flight decks. These aircraft are designed for many purposes, including air-to-air combat , surface attack , submarine attack , search and rescue , matériel transport, weather observation , reconnaissance and wide area command and control duties. Naval helicopters can be used for many of
6000-538: The development of the optimum design for other aircraft carriers. Argus also evaluated various types of arresting gear , general procedures needed to operate a number of aircraft in concert, and fleet tactics. The Tondern raid , a British bombing raid against the Imperial German Navy 's airship base at Tønder , Denmark was the first attack in history made by aircraft flying from a carrier flight deck, with seven Sopwith Camels launched from HMS Furious . For
6100-571: The expensive connotations of the term "aircraft carrier", the Invincible -class carriers were originally designated as "through deck cruisers" and were initially to operate as helicopter-only craft escort carriers. The arrival of the Sea Harrier VTOL / STOVL fast jet meant that the Invincible-class could carry fixed-wing aircraft, despite their short flight decks. The British also introduced
SECTION 60
#17328510957906200-412: The first seaplane from the water at San Diego Bay and the next day U.S. Navy Lt. Theodore G. Ellyson , a student at the nearby Curtiss School, took off in a Curtiss "grass cutter" plane to become the first naval aviator . $ 25,000 was appropriated for the Bureau of Navigation (United States Navy) to purchase three airplanes and in the spring of 1911 four additional officers were trained as pilots by
6300-481: The first catapult launching from a ship underway. The first permanent naval air station was established at Pensacola, Florida , in January 1914 with Mustin as its commanding officer. On April 24 of that year, and for a period of approximately 45 days afterward, five floatplanes and flying boats flown by ten aviators operated from Mississippi and the cruiser Birmingham off Veracruz and Tampico , Mexico, respectively, conducting reconnaissance for troops ashore in
6400-601: The first naval units solely destroyed by airplanes. During the war the German "Marineflieger" claimed the destruction of 270 enemy planes, 6 balloons, 2 airships, 1 Russian destroyer, 4 merchant ships, 3 submarines, 4 torpedo boats and 12 vehicles, for the loss of 170 German sea and land planes as well as 9 vehicles. Notable Marineflieger aces were Gotthard Sachsenberg (31 victories), Alexander Zenzes (18 victories), Friedrich Christiansen (13 victories, 1 airship and 1 submarine), Karl Meyer (8 victories), Karl Scharon (8 victories), and Hans Goerth (7 victories). The need for
6500-421: The first person to land a plane on a moving ship. He was killed five days later during another landing on Furious . HMS Argus was converted from an ocean liner and became the first example of what is now the standard pattern of aircraft carrier, with a full-length flight deck that allowed wheeled aircraft to take off and land. After commissioning , the ship was heavily involved for several years in
6600-669: The first successful catapult launch and arrested landing of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) aboard an aircraft carrier. After a decade of research and planning, the US Navy has been testing the integration of UAVs with carrier-based forces since 2013, using the experimental Northrop Grumman X-47B , and is working to procure a fleet of carrier-based UAVs, referred to as the Unmanned Carrier Launched Airborne Surveillance and Strike (UCLASS) system. Naval aviation forces primarily perform naval roles at sea. However, they are also used for other tasks which vary between states. Common roles for such forces include: Carrier-based naval aviation provides
6700-456: The first such facility in the world. Two hundred applications were received, and four were accepted: Lieutenant C R Samson , Lieutenant A M Longmore , Lieutenant A Gregory and Captain E L Gerrard , RMLI . The French also established a naval aviation capability in 1910 with the establishment of the Service Aeronautique and the first flight training schools. U.S. naval aviation began with pioneer aviator Glenn Curtiss who contracted with
6800-646: The fleet's air arm. An exclusive base, INS Shikra for helicopters was commissioned in Mumbai . To protect and preserve India's growing trade with Southeast Asia and offer a defence against increasing Chinese naval presence in the Bay of Bengal, a new naval base is being built near Visakhapatnam . It is expected to be capable of harbouring two aircraft carriers, including the planned new Vikrant-class aircraft carrier . There are two more naval air stations, INS Rajali and INS Parundu in Tamil Nadu . Southern Command has at least one airfield, INS Garuda , in Kochi , Kerala . The Hindu reported on 2 February 2009 that
6900-436: The government-owned Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) offers an extensive product portfolio encompassing Radar , ELINT , COMINT , C STAR, Electronic Warfare , Communications, Autonomous Ground vehicles and Cyber systems. The company's products are utilized by Defense forces, Homeland Security , and law enforcement organizations utilize the company's products worldwide. ELTA was established in 1967, and its main campus
7000-424: The hydraulic catapults which had been introduced in the 1940s. The first Optical Landing System , the Mirror Landing Aid was invented by Lieutenant Commander H. C. N. Goodhart RN. The first trials of a mirror landing sight were conducted on HMS Illustrious in 1952. The US Navy built the first aircraft carrier to be powered by nuclear reactors . USS Enterprise was powered by eight nuclear reactors and
7100-458: The inventory have become imperative for the Navy given the scenario of low-intensity maritime operations (LIMO) and coastal security construct." In 2013 Indian Navy showed keen interest in the armed version of the HAL Rudra . Impressed with the Dhruv's sensors which were able to track ships and also read their names at ranges of 12 to 14 km (7.5 to 8.7 mi). The Navy may induct 20 more helicopters into service. A new squadron INAS 323 Harriers
7200-521: The latest Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning applications. Cyber Division The Cyber Division is IAI's center of excellence, combining unique cyber technology and intellectual property (IP) with system integration capabilities. The Cyber Division focuses on challenging cyber security applications, including comprehensive national-level solutions, critical infrastructure security, law enforcement, and aerospace and defense cyber protection. Sales in 2023 reached over $ 1,660 million, of which nearly 85%
7300-411: The loss of one man, the British destroyed two German zeppelins , L.54 and L.60 and a captive balloon. Genuine aircraft carriers did not emerge beyond Britain until the early 1920s. The Japanese Hōshō (1921) was the world's first purpose-built aircraft carrier, although the initial plans and laying down for HMS Hermes (1924) had begun earlier. Both Hōshō and Hermes initially boasted
7400-418: The mainstay of the fleet. HMS Vanguard was therefore the last British battleship and her sisters were cancelled. The United States had already instigated a large construction programme (which was also cut short) but these large ships were mainly used as anti-aircraft batteries or for shore bombardment . Other actions involving naval aviation included: Jet aircraft were used on aircraft carriers after
7500-630: The mid-80s and were said to be a quantum leap over their predecessors from an ASW standpoint. The Ka-31 takes the Kamov capabilities even further by enabling real-time network-centric warfare for the Indian Navy. Westland Sea King and the Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King : Used principally for anti-submarine warfare (ASW) and search & rescue roles, the helicopter fleet operate from INS Garuda (Kochi) as well as INS Shikra air stations. US sanctions on India in response to India's nuclear tests resulted in
7600-480: The missiles for anti-ship roles. However, in 2008, the Indian Navy pronounced Dhruv unsuitable for its role as an ASW platform. Indian Navy will continue to procure Dhruv as a multi-role utility platform. During the commissioning ceremony Vice Admiral Sinha said that "In the Navy, Dhruv helicopters have transformed into an advanced search and rescue (SAR) helicopter also used for missions like heliborne operations, and armed patrol with night vision devices. Such machines in
7700-566: The most effective weapons against submarines is the ASW helicopter, several of which could be based on these light ships. These carriers are typically around 20,000 tons displacement and carry a mix of ASW helicopters and fixed wing aircraft. Land-based maritime patrol aircraft are also useful in this role, since they can operate independently of aircraft carriers. Naval aircraft are used to airlift supplies, insert specialized personnel (e.g. medical staff, relief workers), and evacuate persons in distress in
7800-417: The multi-lock bomb carriers), additional fuel tanks situated in dorsal spine fairing and wing LERXs , increased total fuel capacity by 50% comparing to first variant of MiG-29 and an updated 4-channel digital fly-by-wire flight control system. With special coatings, the MiG-29K radar reflecting surface is 4–5 times smaller than of basic MiG-29. Cockpit displays consist of wide HUDs , 3 colour LCD MFDs (7 on
7900-696: The navy till 2018 and participated in the Indian Peace Keeping Mission in Sri Lanka. Also participated in Operation Cactus in Maldives, in which the fleeing mercenaries were detected and tracked until apprehended by ships. On 11 May 2013, first squadron of MiG-29K was commissioned. These aircraft were commissioned as a replacement of the ageing Sea Harrier. after 46 years of service the Il-38 patrol aircraft
8000-589: The parked aircraft because the angled deck pointed out over the sea. The angled flight deck was first tested on HMS Triumph , by painting angled deck markings onto the centerline flight deck for touch and go landings. The modern steam-powered catapult , powered by steam from a ship's boilers or reactors, was invented by Commander C.C. Mitchell of the Royal Naval Reserve . It was widely adopted following trials on HMS Perseus between 1950 and 1952 which showed it to be more powerful and reliable than
8100-845: The purchase of four additional P-8Is was signed in July 2016. The Indian Navy decommissioned the Tupolev Tu-142M aircraft in March 2017. With Boeing delivering the 12th and the final P-8I in February 2022, the second squadron, INAS 316 , with four aircraft was formed in March 2022. Indian Navy operates 27 Dornier 228 and in process to induct 8 more state-of-the-art Dornier for anti-submarine warfare and maritime patrol from Hindustan Aeronautics Limited . These aircraft are equipped with advanced sensors, glass cockpit, advanced surveillance radar, ELINT, optical sensors and networking features. Currently 4 of Dornier 228 NG aircraft in service in INAS 314 . HAL Dhruv ; developed by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited ,
8200-552: The range of surveillance. There are plans to introduce rotary UAVs into the Indian Navy. These UAVs will have higher endurance and load carrying capability resulting in better reconnaissance capabilities. Indian Navy operates 2 leased MQ-9 Reaper for maritime surveillance in the Indian Ocean region. INAS 551 INAS 551 , INAS 552 Primary Roles: C4 , ISTAR , SIGNIT , COMINT and Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) operations for
8300-648: The runway built over the foredeck and the danger and impracticality of recovering seaplanes that alighted in the water in anything but calm weather more than offset the desirability of having airplanes aboard. In 1912, the nascent naval air detachment in the United Kingdom was amalgamated to form the Royal Flying Corps and in 1913 a seaplane base on the Isle of Grain , an airship base at Kingsnorth and eight new airfields were approved for construction. The first aircraft participation in naval manoeuvres took place in 1913 with
8400-544: The same missions as fixed-wing aircraft while operating from aircraft carriers, helicopter carriers , destroyers and frigates . Early experiments on the use of kites for naval reconnaissance took place in 1903 at Woolwich Common for the Admiralty . Samuel Franklin Cody demonstrated the capabilities of his 8-foot-long black kite and it was proposed for use as either a mechanism to hold up wires for wireless communications or as
8500-425: The two most distinctive features of a modern aircraft carrier: a full-length flight deck and a starboard-side control tower island . Both continued to be adjusted in the light of further experimentation and experience, however: Hōshō even opted to remove its island entirely in favor of a less obstructed flight deck and improved pilot visibility. Instead, Japanese carriers opted to control their flight operations from
8600-521: The vital maritime channel of the Straits of Malacca . Four naval aviators have risen to become the Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS) - Admirals R. H. Tahiliani , Arun Prakash , Sureesh Mehta and Karambir Singh . Naval aviation Naval aviation units are typically projected to a position nearer the target by way of an aircraft carrier . Carrier-based aircraft must be sturdy enough to withstand
8700-455: The wake of the Tampico Affair . In January 1912, the British battleship HMS Africa took part in aircraft experiments at Sheerness . She was fitted for flying off aircraft with a 100-foot (30 m) downward-sloping runway which was installed on her foredeck, running over her forward 12-inch (305 mm) gun turret from her forebridge to her bow and equipped with rails to guide
8800-469: Was a need for widespread use of aircraft which could not be met quickly enough by building new fleet aircraft carriers. This was particularly true in the North Atlantic , where convoys were highly vulnerable to U-boat attack. The British authorities used unorthodox, temporary, but effective means of giving air protection such as CAM ships and merchant aircraft carriers , merchant ships modified to carry
8900-556: Was also not effective in war. World War II saw the emergence of naval aviation as the decisive element in the war at sea. The principal users were Japan, United States (both with Pacific interests to protect) and Britain. Germany, the Soviet Union, France and Italy had a lesser involvement. Soviet Naval Aviation was mostly organised as land-based coastal defense force (apart from some scout floatplanes it consisted almost exclusively of land-based types also used by its air arms). During
9000-534: Was commissioned in 1977 with the Ilyushin Il-38 aircraft. In December 1961, INS Vikrant participated in Operation Vijay , the liberation of Goa from Portugal . Its role was primarily to deter foreign naval intervention during the 40-hour-long military action. INS Vikrant played a major role in the successful naval blockade of East Pakistan . Stationed off the Andaman & Nicobar Islands escorted by
9100-506: Was commissioned with HAL Dhruv MKIII variant. Navy placed order for 16 MKIII helicopters and 6 of them are delivered with the remaining 10 to be delivered by Dec 2021. Naval variant of MKIII comes with 19 specific systems suited for maritime role. Kamov Ka-25 , Kamov Ka-28 , and the Kamov Ka-31 : The Ka-25 was acquired by the Indian Navy in 1980 for anti-submarine warfare , but had severe technological limitations. The Ka-28s were acquired in
9200-554: Was decommissioned in January 1997 and turned into a museum ship . In 1976, the Indian Air Force handed over Super Constellation aircraft to the No.312 Albatross Squadron in Dabolim , Goa. Being fairly old aircraft at that point, these were withdrawn from active service by 1983. To replace them in the maritime patrol role, Soviet aircraft were acquired. The No. 315 Winged Stallions Squadron
9300-474: Was generated by export orders from security organizations around the globe and 15% domestically, where ELTA is a major supplier to Ministry of Defense (Israel) (IMOD). ELTA's marketing and business development infrastructure includes subsidiaries and affiliated companies in Israel, Europe, North America, Latin America, and Asia. ELTA routinely partners with other companies to pursue defense programs worldwide. ELTA
9400-583: Was integrated with INS Vikrant in May 2023 with its maiden landing on the aircraft carrier. The first squadron, INAS 334 , was formed with six helicopters in March 2024, at Kochi. All remaining helicopters to be delivered by 2025. The Indian Navy operates at least two squadrons of Heron and Searcher Mk-II UAVs, based in Kochi ( INAS 342 ) and Porbandar ( INAS 343 ). There are plans to have at least two more squadrons of UAVs. UAVs are controlled from ships to increases
9500-736: Was not a complete success, owing to sub-optimal weather conditions, including fog and low cloud, but the raid was able to conclusively demonstrate the feasibility of air-to-land strikes from a naval platform. Two German airships were destroyed at the Tøndern base on July 19, 1918, by seven Sopwith Camels launched from the carrier HMS Furious . In August 1914 Germany operated 20 planes and one Zeppelin, another 15 planes were confiscated. They operated from bases in Germany and Flanders (Belgium). On 19 August 1918 several British torpedo boats were sunk by 10 German planes near Heligoland. These are considered as
9600-556: Was retired from the force on 31 October 2023. More P-8I aircraft are planned to replace them. The Naval Aviation Museum located in Bogmalo, 6 km (3.7 mi) from Vasco da Gama, Goa , India showcases the history of the Naval Air Arm. As reported by MiG Bureau, the Indian Navy's association with the MiG-29K began in Apr 2002 when a team led by Commander Gupta reached Moscow to evaluate
9700-471: Was seen as largely impractical at the time. CAPT Washington Irving Chambers felt it was much easier to defend against airplanes than mines or torpedoes. The wireless radio was cumbersome (greater than 50 pounds), but the technology was improving. Experiments were underway for the first ICS (pilot to observer comms) using headsets, as well as connecting the observer to the radio. The navy tested both telephones and voice tubes for ICS. As of August 1911, Italy
9800-541: Was the only other navy known to be adapting hydroplanes for naval use. The group expanded with the addition of six aviators in 1912 and five in 1913, from both the Navy and Marine Corps , and conducted maneuvers with the Fleet from the battleship USS Mississippi , designated as the Navy's aviation ship. Meanwhile, Captain Henry C. Mustin successfully tested the concept of the catapult launch in August 1912, and in 1915 made
9900-495: Was the second surface warship (after USS Long Beach ) to be powered in this way. The post-war years also saw the development of the helicopter , with a variety of useful roles and mission capability aboard aircraft carriers and other naval ships. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the United Kingdom and the United States converted some older carriers into Commando Carriers or Landing Platform Helicopters (LPH); seagoing helicopter airfields like HMS Bulwark . To mitigate
10000-492: Was widely commented upon in the press, both Greek and international. At the outbreak of war the Royal Naval Air Service had 93 aircraft, six airships , two balloons and 727 personnel, making it larger than the Royal Flying Corps. The main roles of the RNAS were fleet reconnaissance, patrolling coasts for enemy ships and submarines, attacking enemy coastal territory and defending Britain from enemy air-raids, along with deployment along
#789210