73-619: Guntur ( pronunciation ) is a city in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh and the administrative headquarters of Guntur district . The city is part of the Andhra Pradesh Capital Region and is located on the Eastern Coastal Plains approximately 14 miles (23 km) south-west of the state capital Amaravati . According to data from the 2011 Census of India , Guntur had a population of 743,354 in that year, making it
146-593: A Buddhist site contemporary to Nagarjunakonda . The earliest reference to Guntur is found in inscriptions by Ammaraja I (922–929 CE), the Vengi Chalukyan king. According to an inscription in Sri Narasimha Swami temple at Ramachandra Agraharam, Tirumala Dasa Mahapatra—the local ruler of the Gajapathi king Kapileswara Gajapathi —gave donations to the temple of Mulastha Mallikarjuna Deva in 1485 CE. Prior to
219-575: A commander of the forces. The fall of the Kakatiya Kingdom in 1323, after being subject to seizures by the Tughlaq dynasty, led to a political vacuum in the Andhras.The Islamic conquerors failed to keep the region under effective control and constant infighting among themselves coupled with the martial abilities of the local Telugu warriors led to the loss of the entire region by 1347. Whilst, this led to
292-573: A few of the English-language daily newspapers that are circulated in Guntur. Sporting infrastructure in Guntur includes Brahmananda Reddy Stadium for tennis , badminton , volleyball , athletics, and gymnastics ; and NTR Municipal Indoor Stadium for table tennis and volleyball. A swimming pool is proposed to be added to Brahmananda Reddy Stadium and a boxing ring is being planned for NTR municipal stadium. Guntur has hosted sporting events such as
365-436: A first-grade municipality in 1917, a special-grade municipality in 1952, and a selection-grade municipality in 1960. In 1994, Guntur was upgraded as a municipal corporation and its first local election was held in 1995. The city is divided into 57 revenue wards. During the financial year 2018–19, the corporation had a budget of ₹ 1,004 crore (equivalent to ₹ 13 billion or US$ 160 million in 2023). Guntur
438-515: A flight of steps built from the Krishna River to the temple. The Narasimha Swamy temple at Ahobilam was built during his reign. He built 108 temples for Shiva . Telugu literature blossomed under the Reddi kings. The Reddi kings also patronized Sanskrit . Several of the Reddi kings themselves were distinguished scholars and authors. Kumaragiri Reddi, Kataya Vema Reddi and Pedakomati Vema Reddi were
511-425: A government mandate. According to the school information report for the academic year 2015–2016, more than one lakh (100,000) students were enrolled in over 400 schools. The medium of instruction in municipal corporation schools was switched to English from the year 2016-2017. The public library system in Guntur is supported by the government and the district central library is located at Arundalpet. Annamayya library
584-530: A hundred years from 1325 to 1448. At its maximum extent, the Reddi kingdom stretched from Cuttack, Orissa to the north, Kanchi to the south and Srisailam to the west. The initial capital of the kingdom was Addanki . Later, it was moved to Kondavidu and a subsidiary branch was established at Rajahmundry . The Reddis were known for their fortifications. Two major hill forts , one at Kondapalli , 20 km north west of Vijayawada and another at Kondavidu about 30 km west of Guntur stand testimony to
657-462: A moderate level when compared with other major cities. There have been many efforts to increase awareness and keep the city clean, including a 100-day cleanup drive in 2021. A plastic-waste-to-fuel conversion plant was set up in the city; fuel from the plant was used for vehicles run by the GMC. The GMC started using electric vehicles for domestic garbage collection in 2021. E-auto rickshaws were introduced in
730-519: A pond (Telugu: "gunta"); hence "gunta uru" means "pond village". Another source refers to "kunta", a land-measuring unit, which may have transformed to "kunta uru" and later to "Guntur". The ancient Vedic puranas , going back to the Treta Yuga and Dvapara Yuga , mention Sitanagaram and the Guttikonda caves near Guntur. The region was historically known for Buddhism ; the first Kalachakra ceremony
803-399: A sharing basis are the cheapest form of transport for students and workers. NTR bus station and an adjacent minibus station accommodate more than 2,000 buses every day, about half of them from depots in the erstwhile united district. Plans for e-Bus Bay centres in the city were proposed in 2021. The city has a total of 893.00 km (554.88 mi) of roads. Mahatma Gandhi Inner Ring Road
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#1732844493334876-460: A sovereign democratic republic. The new republic was also declared to be a "Union of States". The constitution of 1950 distinguished between three main types of states: Andhra State was created on 1 October 1953 from the Telugu -speaking northern districts of Madras State . The French enclave of Chandernagore was transferred to West Bengal in 1954. In the same year Pondicherry , comprising
949-424: Is a federal union comprising 28 states and 8 union territories , for a total of 36 entities. The states and union territories are further subdivided into 806 districts and smaller administrative divisions . The states of India are self-governing administrative divisions, each having a state government . The governing powers of the states are shared between the state government and the union government . On
1022-726: Is a 6.34-kilometre (3.94 mi) arterial road that starts on National Highway 16 . The inner ring road, along with Guntur Bypass, and sections of national and state highways, encircles the city. The arterial city roads include Grand Trunk Road, JKC College Road, Lakshmipuram Road, Pattabhipuram Road and Palakaluru Road. The GMC identified Amaravati Road, Lalapuram Road, Medical Club Road, Chuttugunta Road and Palakaluru Road for double-laning, and many other roads for widening to accommodate traffic. National highways (NH), state highways (SH) and major district roads pass through Guntur. NH16, part of Asian Highway 45 and Golden Quadrilateral with Guntur Bypass connects to Chennai and Kolkata on
1095-513: Is a major part of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority . It is represented in the federal government by Guntur Lok Sabha constituency , and at state level by Guntur East and Guntur West assembly constituencies. As part of the Andhra Pradesh Capital Region , Guntur houses many state offices and agencies such as Andhra Pradesh Forest Department and the Agricultural Marketing Department, and regional office of
1168-584: Is about 1100 miles south of the national capital New Delhi . It is classified as a Y-grade city as per the Seventh Central Pay Commission . It is the 24th most densely populated city in the world and 11th in India. Guntur is estimated to have current population of around 0.9 million. Guntur serves as a major hub for the export of chilli, cotton and tobacco, and has the largest chilli-market yard in Asia. It
1241-443: Is also a major hub for transport, education, medicine and commercial activities in the state. Ancient temples and sites near the city include Kondaveedu Fort , Amareswaraswamy temple , and Undavalli Caves , and Sri Bramarambha Malleswara Swamy Temple at Pedakakani . In Sanskrit documents, Guntur was referred to as Garthapuri ; in Telugu , "Guntlapuri" means "a place surrounded by water ponds". The settlement might have been near
1314-411: Is one of the oldest medical colleges in the state. Several higher education institutes such as Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research , Katuri Medical College , All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri , Acharya Nagarjuna University and Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University have campuses near the city. A regional Agmark laboratory, and a regional station of
1387-535: Is one of thirty-one cities in the state to be a part of water-supply-and-sewerage-services mission known as Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT). The city was certified as open defecation free as part of Swachh Bharat Mission . In the 2023 Swachh Survekshan rankings, Guntur was ranked fourth in India, rising from its ranking of 129th in 2018. Guntur is the headquarters of Guntur East and Guntur West mandals in Guntur revenue division . The city
1460-539: Is provided by Andhra Pradesh Southern Power Distribution Company Limited (APSPDCL). Guntur police uses surveillance and central monitoring control systems with high-resolution cameras at important traffic junctions. The GDP per capita of Guntur City is $ $ 8,786. Guntur forms a part of the East Coast Economic Corridor . Due to its status as the district capital and part of the state capital region, Guntur houses many state offices and agencies, including
1533-618: Is set up in the capital region of the residual state near Guntur. Guntur is the place of discovery of helium they discoverd this in 1869 from observations of the solar eclipse of 18 August 1868 by the French astronomer Pierre Janssen . Allen Olliver Becker's family from Guntur was among the survivors of the Titanic ship disaster. Guntur is located at 16°17′N 80°26′E / 16.29°N 80.43°E / 16.29; 80.43 . It has an average elevation of 33 metres (108 ft) and
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#17328444933341606-457: Is situated on the plains. There are few hills in the surrounding suburban areas and Perecherla Reserve Forest is located in the city's north-west. Guntur lies approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of Amaravati , the capital of Andhra Pradesh. According to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification system , the climate in Guntur is tropical with dry winters (Aw). The average temperature
1679-472: Is the city's main tertiary healthcare provider. The city's main source of drinking water is Guntur Channel, which draws water from the Krishna River . An extension of this channel is being planned to increase coverage of the city and the capital region. Summer storage tanks are located in Sangam Jagarlamudi , and Vengalayapalem reservoir is the other source of water to the city. The city's electricity
1752-409: Is the headquarters of Guntur railway division . Guntur railway station is well connected with Vijayawada and Tenali railway stations . Vijayawada international airport , the nearest airport to Guntur, is 54 km (34 mi) away. Primary and secondary education is provided by government and private schools. Aided schools were either transferred to government or became private in 2020 as per
1825-450: Is warm-to-hot year round. The summer season, especially May and June, has the highest temperatures, which are usually followed by monsoon rains . During the winter season, running from November to February, the weather is usually dry with little-to-no rainfall. The wettest month is July. The average annual temperature is 28.5 °C (83.3 °F) and annual rainfall is about 905 millimetres (36 in). Rain storms and cyclones are common in
1898-537: The Amareswaraswamy temple , Undavalli Caves , Sri Bramarambha Malleswara Swamy Temple at Pedakakani , and Kondaveedu Fort . The Uppalapadu Bird Sanctuary is located 10 km (6.2 mi) from the city, while Suryalanka Beach is approximately 60 km (37 mi) away. Agastheswara Sivalayam, situated in Guntur’s old city, is a temple devoted to Lord Shiva. It holds historical significance with inscriptions in
1971-657: The British Raj , Guntur has been ruled by the Satavahanas , Andhra Ikshvakus , Vishnukundinas , Pallavas , Vengi Chalukyas , Kakatiya kings , Reddy kings , Gajapathi kings , and Vijayanagar kings , Nizams of Hyderabad , French India , and the British East India Company . The British East India Company took over the Kondaveedu Fort in 1788 and abandoned it in the early 19th century in favour of Guntur, which
2044-695: The Central Tobacco Research Institute of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research are located in Guntur. The city hosts many national, and state-level conferences and expos on the economy, agriculture and technology. Eenadu , Sakshi and Andhra Jyothi are the most-popular Telugu daily newspapers in terms of circulation in the united Andhra Pradesh and the top-three Telugu news sites. The newspapers Surya and Vaartha are published from Guntur. The Hindu , The New Indian Express , The Hans India and Deccan Chronicle are
2117-580: The Crime Investigation Department . The AP State Judicial Preview offices are located at Nagarampalem. Guntur group of the National Cadet Corps is located at Syamalanagar. The city also hosts an Indian Army recruitment and training centre. The city's passport office was opened in 2018. Guntur has several urban healthcare centres and about 200 private hospitals, including several specialty centres. The Government General Hospital (GGH)
2190-765: The Crown Colony of Burma . In 1947, the last Act of the Crown was passed. The act dissolved the Indian Empire, the Imperial Legislative Council and the Chamber of Princes and the Union of India was consequently established from 9 former Indian provinces ( East Punjab , United Provinces , Central Provinces , Madras , Bombay , Bihar , Orissa , West Bengal and Assam ) and 562 former Indian states. Between 1947 and 1950,
2263-408: The third-most-populous city in the state, and occupies 159.46 square kilometres (61.57 square miles) of land.The city is the heartland of the state, located in the center of Andhra Pradesh and making it a central part connecting different regions. The city hosts many state offices and agencies, being part of the district capital and being in close proximity to the state capital Amaravati . The city
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2336-1052: The All India Senior Tennis Association, the All India Sub Junior Ranking Badminton Tournament, the All India Invitation Volleyball Tournament, the Ganta Sanjeeva Reddy Memorial Trophy and the Inter-district Master Aquatic Championship. The city was also a host for the Khelo India programme for junior-level national sports in 2016. The city hosts mini-marathons and 10 km (6.2 mi) walks. International sports personalities from Guntur include cricketer Ambati Rayudu and badminton player Srikanth Kidambi . States and union territories of India India
2409-466: The Emperor's representative to the constituent states of the province. The first three of the lieutenant-governorships were territories annexed to India from other powers and temporarily governed by the erstwhile Bengal Presidency, before being made into their own separate provinces. Agra and Bengal were still considered de jure parts of the defunct Bengal Presidency for judicial and legal purposes. Agra
2482-468: The Government of India introduced legislation to merge the union territories of Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli into a single union territory to be known as Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu , effective from 26 January 2020. Ladakh UT The Constitution of India distributes the sovereign executive and legislative powers exercisable with respect to the territory of any state between
2555-485: The Indian Union and the state's monarchy was abolished. In 1987, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram became states on 20 February, followed by Goa on 30 May, while erstwhile union territory of Goa, Daman and Diu 's northern exclaves Damão and Diu became a separate union territory as Daman and Diu . In November 2000, three new states were created, namely: Pondicherry was renamed Puducherry in 2007 and Orissa
2628-537: The Reddi kings and the agraharas of Brahmins were restored. Vedic studies were encouraged. The Hindu temples of Srisailam , Tirumala , Vontimitta and Ahobilam were provided with more facilities. Prolaya Vema Reddi bestowed a number of agraharas on the Brahmins. He was revered by the title of Apratima-Bhudana-Parasurama . He commissioned major repairs to the Srisailam Mallikarjuna Swami temple, and had
2701-516: The Sanskrit term " Rashtrakuta ", was used for village headmen, who were responsible for organising the cultivation of the agricultural lands of the villages and collecting taxes. From the seventh century, some of the members of the Rattakudi families had important posts in the administration of the kingdoms. A copperplate record mentioned the grandfather of the founder of the dynasty as a sainya-nayaka ,
2774-489: The Union and that state. Reddi Kingdom The Reddi kingdom or Kondavidu Reddi kingdom was a kingdom established and ruled by Prolaya Vema Reddi from 1325 to 1448 CE in southern India . Most of the region that was ruled by the kingdom is now part of modern-day Rayalaseema , coastal and central Andhra Pradesh . The Telugu term " Reddi ", whose earlier forms were " Raddi ", " Rattodi ", and " Rattakudi ", linked to
2847-420: The ancient "Naga Lipi" script, dating back to 1100 AD. The temple is among the most well-known in the region. According to local legends, the sage Rishi Agastya constructed the temple during the Treta Yuga , centered around a naturally occurring Swayambhu Linga, which led to the temple's name. Constructed in the early 20th century, Jinnah Tower is a notable monument in Guntur dedicated to Muhammad Ali Jinnah ,
2920-426: The city include Arundelpet, Lakshmipuram and Brodipet. Other major areas of the city are Koretapadu, Navabharath Nagar, Pattabhipuram, Syamalanagar and Vidyanagar, Autonagar, Gorantla , Pedapalakaluru , Nallapadu , Budampadu and Chowdavaram . Jinnah Tower on Mahatma Gandhi Road is a rare monument related to Muhammad Ali Jinnah , founder of Pakistan, in India. Guntur has 17 parks, some of which are maintained by
2993-411: The city limits were expanded with the merger of surrounding ten villages, namely Nallapadu , Pedapalakaluru, Ankireddipalem, Adavitakkellapadu, Gorantla , Pothuru, Chowdavaram, Etukuru, Budampadu and Reddypalem . The High Court was setup in Guntur when Andhra State was formed. It was moved to Hyderabad after the formation of Andhra Pradesh . After the bifurcation of the state a new High Court
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3066-550: The city population is 9,81,000. It is classified as a Y-grade city under the Seventh Central Pay Commission . Based on the 2011 census data prior to the city's expansion in 2012, Telugu is the most-widely spoken language with 545,928 native speakers, followed by 109,574 Urdu speakers. A significant minority speak Hindi , Odia and Tamil . The religious demographic consists of 522,030 Hindus (77.91%), 120,974 Muslims (18.05%), 21,787 Christians (3.25%), 2,312 Jains (0.35%) and 2,605 (0.82%) did not state any religion. One of
3139-624: The city to reduce air and noise pollution; many electric charging stations have been set up across the city for this purpose. Efforts to reduce plastic use in the city and replace it with environment-friendly materials like jute, paper and cloth have been made. In 2021, United Nations Human Settlement Program planners recommended implementation of larger parks, mass transit with metro trains and electric bus systems, and improvements to city expansion plans. Local transport in Guntur includes privately operated auto rickshaws , taxi cabs, minibuses and government-run APSRTC buses. Auto rickshaws operating on
3212-524: The defeat of Gajapati Prataprudra Deva by Krishna Deva Raya of Vijayanagara. The territories of the Reddi kingdom thus came under the control of the Vijayanagara Empire . The Reddi rulers played a prominent part in post- Kakatiyas of Telangana . The Kakatiya empire came to an end in 1323 after the army of the Delhi sultanate invaded Warangal and captured Kakatiya ruler Pratapa Rudra. Warangal fell to
3285-626: The direct rule of the Emperor of India (who was also the King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions ) and a few minor states, ruled by Indian princes under the suzerainty of the Emperor. A Governor or Lieutenant-Governor acted as the representative of the Emperor to that province and head of government of the directly ruled territories in the province. The governor or lieutenant-governor also served as
3358-676: The east coast of India. NH167A and SH2 connect Guntur with Macherla and Hyderabad . NH544D connects Guntur with Anantapur and towards Bengaluru on NH44 . SH48 connects Guntur with the coast through Bapatla and Chirala . Major district roads link Guntur with Amaravati , Nandivelugu , Tenali , Mangalagiri , and Parchur . Guntur's main railway stations are Guntur Junction , Nallapadu and New Guntur . Stations at Namburu , Perecherla and Pedakakani Halt serve as satellite stations. MEMU and local train services between Guntur and Vijayawada are used by thousands of university students and public. The Rail Vikas Bhavan at Pattabhipuram
3431-573: The former French enclaves of Pondichéry , Karikal , Yanaon and Mahé , was transferred to India. This became a union territory in 1962. Also in 1954, pro-India forces liberated the Portuguese-held enclaves of Dadrá and Nagar Aveli , declaring the short-lived de facto state of Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli . In 1961, India annexed it as the Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli . The States Reorganisation Act, 1956 reorganised
3504-539: The fort building skill of the Reddi kings. The forts of Bellamkonda , Vinukonda and Nagarjunakonda in the Palnadu region were also part of the Reddi kingdom. The dynasty remained in power till the middle of the 15th century. In 1424, Kondavidu was annexed to the Vijayanagara Empire and Rajahmundry was conquered by the Gajapatis some twenty five years after. The Gajapatis eventually lost control of coastal Andhra after
3577-419: The founder of Pakistan. This impressive heritage structure features six pillars and an open dome, showcasing typical architectural styles of Muslim design from that era. Strategically located on Mahatma Gandhi Road, one of the city's main arterial road, the tower serves as a symbol of peace and harmony, reflecting the secular values embraced by the local community. In 2019, pollution levels in Guntur city were at
3650-552: The headquarters of the Agricultural Marketing Department, the Tobacco Board and the Spices Board . India is the world's biggest exporter of chillies and much of this is grown around Guntur. The city's Agriculture Market Committee Market Yard in Guntur is the largest chilli yard in Asia; in 2023, its sales exceeded sales ₹ 10,000 crore (US$ 1.2 billion) during that year's trading season. There are also several spinning mills on
3723-539: The invaders and Ulugh Khan commanded Warangal and Telangana. During this time of foreign invasion and chaos in Telugu country, seeds of revolt were sown by two princes, Annaya Mantri and Kolani Rudradeva. It was during this chaotic period in Andhra history that Prolaya Vema Reddi established the Reddi kingdom in 1325. The Reddi rulers patronised and protected Hinduism and its institutions. The Brahmins were given liberal grants by
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#17328444933343796-578: The kingdom extensively and established its capital at Kondavidu in Guntur District. By 1395, a second Reddi kingdom was established by a branch of the same lineage, with its capital in Rajahmundry, East Godavari District. The Reddi kings’ ancestors were part of the Kakatiya military and held important posts such as the sainya-nayaka. The Reddi kings ruled coastal and central Andhra for over
3869-563: The most outstanding among them. Errapragada (Errana), Srinatha and Potana were the remarkable poets of this period. Errapragada, the last of the Kavitraya (Trinity of Poets) was the court poet of Prolaya Vema Reddi. He completed the Telugu translation of the Mahabharata . He completed the rendition of the Aranya Parva of Mahabharata left incomplete by Nannaya Bhattu (Aadi Kavi who started
3942-542: The municipal corporation. Nagaravanam, a part of Perecherla Reserve Forest, was developed on the outskirts of the city as a park. Tourist attractions in Guntur include the Sri Ganga Parvathi Sametha Agastheswara Temple. In the old city, notable sites include Gandhi Park, the Baudhasree architectural museum, Nagaravanam, and NTR Manasa Sarovaram. Nearby ancient temples and heritage sites include
4015-472: The other hand, the union territories are directly governed by the union government. The Indian Empire was a very complex political entity consisting of various imperial divisions and states and territories of varying autonomy. At the time of its establishment in 1876, it was made up of 584 constituent states and the directly ruled territories of the Crown . The entire empire was divided into provinces and agencies. A province consisted of territory under
4088-601: The outskirts of the city. Residents of Guntur are referred as Gunturians . Cultural events with focus on literature and poetry are regularly organised. Venkateswara Vignana Mandiram and Annamaiah Kalavedika are popular venues for cultural programs. In 2021, a new venue called Gurram Jashua Kala Pranganam was being constructed. The city observes many festivals such as Rama Navami , Hanuman Jayanthi , Maha Shivaratri , Vinayaka Chavithi , Vijaya Dasami , Deepawali , Holi , Ugadi , Eid , Krishnastami , Christmas , Karthika Pournami . The major commercial and residential areas in
4161-459: The provinces with only territories under direct Crown rule. The latter years of the Indian Empire saw the enactment of the last Government of India Act by the Crown. This act granted full autonomy to Indian provinces. Provincial laws no longer needed the assent of the governor-general. This act created the office of a Premier in each province, who functioned as the new head of government and
4234-631: The provinces. However a good number of states were organised into imperial structures called agencies, or residencies. An Agent to the Governor-General (AGG) functioned as the Emperor's representative to all the states in the agency. In 1919, the fourth Government of India was enacted by the Crown. This saw many major changes. The legislatures of the provinces were made elected ones rather than nominated ones. Some provinces were given bicameral legislatures . All provinces were elevated to governorships and all lieutenant governors were made governors. Burma
4307-424: The region during the rainy season, which starts with the monsoons in early June. Cyclones may occur any time of the year but occur most commonly between May and November. Guntur has been ranked 10th best “National Clean Air City” under (Category 2 3-10L Population cities) in India. Based on the 2011 Census of India , after a merger of nearby villages in 2012, Guntur had a population of 743,354. The 2023 estimate of
4380-514: The representative of the Emperor . In addition to these, there were certain territories ruled directly by the Government of India through nominated chief commissioners. These were former independent states annexed to India and since ruled directly by the Supreme Government. A vast majority of the Indian states in the late nineteenth century were, in terms of imperial divisions, organised within
4453-564: The rise of the Musunuris (initially were based in Coastal Andhra) and Recharlas in the Telangana region, the coastal belt saw the rise of a third warrior lineage—the Reddi s . Established in about 1325 by Prolaya Vema Reddi (also known as Komati Vema), his territory extended along the coast to Nellore in the south and Srisailam, in the west. He was succeeded by Anavota Reddi who consolidated
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#17328444933344526-484: The states based on linguistic lines resulting in the creation of the new states. As a result of this act: Bombay State was split into the linguistic states of Gujarat and Maharashtra on 1 May 1960 by the Bombay Reorganisation Act. The former Union Territory of Nagaland achieved statehood on 1 December 1963. The Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966 resulted in the creation of Haryana on 1 November and
4599-425: The supposedly lost tribes of Israel called Bene Ephraim has a presence in Guntur; there is a Jewish synagogue at Kothareddypalem near Chebrolu . The city's local authority is Guntur Municipal Corporation (GMC), which at over 150 years old, is one of India's oldest municipalities. It was constituted in 1886, when the city had a population of 25,000; the city was upgraded to a third-grade municipality in 1891,
4672-552: The territories of the princely states were politically integrated into the new Indian Union . Most were merged into existing provinces. Others were organised into new provinces and states , such as Rajasthan , Himachal Pradesh , Malwa Union , Baghelkhand and Bundelkhand States Union , and Patiala and East Punjab States Union , made up of multiple princely states. A few, including Mysore , Hyderabad , Bhopal , and Bilaspur , became separate states. The new Constitution of India , which came into force on 26 January 1950, made India
4745-415: The transfer of the northern districts of Punjab to Himachal Pradesh . The act designated Chandigarh as a union territory and the shared capital of Punjab and Haryana. Madras State was renamed Tamil Nadu in 1969. The north-eastern states of Manipur , Meghalaya and Tripura were formed on 21 January 1972. Mysore State was renamed Karnataka in 1973. On 16 May 1975, Sikkim became the 22nd state of
4818-513: The translation of Mahabharata into Telugu). He wrote Hari Vamsa and Narasimha Purana. Errana's translation of the Ramayana in Chapu form (a style of poetry) has been lost. The administration was carried according to the "Dharmasutras". One-sixth of agriculture surplus was levied as tax. Under the reign of Anavota Reddi, custom duties and taxes on trade were lifted. As a result, trade flourished. Sea trade
4891-501: Was given a special status and made an autonomous province. The Chamber of Princes was established by Emperor George V in 1920. One of the major consequences of this was the creation of many more agencies from the states of the provinces, thus granting them direct relations with the Emperor instead of with the Governors. This saw the separation of all the states from the provinces and addition to before-mentioned agencies. This left all
4964-531: Was made the headquarters of a district named after it. The district was abolished in 1859 and reconstituted in 1904. The city rapidly became a major market for agricultural produce from the surrounding countryside due to the opening of the railway link in 1890. The expansion continued post independence as well and was concentrated in what is now called New Guntur, with many urban areas such as Brodipet , Arundelpet and suburban areas like Pattabhipuram, Chandramoulinagar, Sitaramanagar, and Brindavan Gardens. In 2012,
5037-533: Was performed by Gautama Buddha . Agastyeshwara temple is one of the oldest temples in the city; according to a local legend, Agastya built it in the Treta Yuga around a swayambhu linga . Inscriptions on the side of Naga Muchalinda, a sculpture unearthed in 2018 in the compound of the temple, are in Naga Lipi, an ancient script from the third century CE . Based on this discovery, Emani Sivanagi Reddy, archaeologist and Buddhist scholar believes this region served as
5110-578: Was renamed Odisha in 2011. Telangana was created on 2 June 2014 from ten former districts of north-western Andhra Pradesh . In August 2019, the Parliament of India passed the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019 , which contains provisions to reorganise the state of Jammu and Kashmir into two union territories; Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh , effective from 31 October 2019. Later that year in November,
5183-399: Was responsible to the provincial legislature. Bengal, Madras and Bombay which had been till now styled Presidencies, were now officially styled as provinces. The provinces of Orissa and Sind were created from Bihar and Bombay respectively. The Province of Burma which had previously functioned as an autonomous province of India was now separated from the Indian Empire, and established as
5256-492: Was separated in 1878 and merged with Oudh . The Bengal Presidency was re-established in 1912 as a governorship. All these provinces had their own legislatures established by the Indian Councils Acts, and high courts established by Indian High Courts Acts. Laws passed by these legislatures needed the dual assent of the governor or lieutenant-governor of the province and the governor-general of India , who functioned as
5329-472: Was set up with 1 lakh books that were donated by bibliophile Lanka Suryanarayana . Hindu College and Andhra Christian College were established during the British Raj for higher education. Jagarlamudi Kuppuswamy Chowdary College , RVR & JC College of Engineering , Tellakula Jalayya Polisetty Somasundaram College (TJPS College), Government College for Women and St. Joseph's College of Education for Women are autonomous colleges. Guntur Medical College
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