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35-594: Gulács is a village in Szabolcs–Szatmár–Bereg county, in the Northern Great Plain region of eastern Hungary . Jews began to settle in Gulács at the beginning of the 20th century. Most of them owned farms and a minority were engaged in trade and craft. There was a synagogue and a Jewish cemetery . In 1941, six young Jews from the village were recruited for forced labor. Three of them died. In 1944, after

70-560: A century. The Tisza River is part of the Danube River catchment area. It is the tributary with the largest catchment area (~157,000 km ). It accounts for more than 19% of the Danube river basin. The Tisza water system is shared by five countries: Ukraine (8%), Slovakia (10%), Hungary (29%), Romania (46%) and Serbia (7%). The Tisza River Basin area and average discharge (period from 1946–2006) by country The 1800–2500 m high ridge of

105-786: A hydroelectric power station on the Tisza at Tiszalök . Lakes of various sizes have evolved in sandy areas such as the basin of the Sóstó (Salty lake) of Nyíregyháza , whose alkaline , hydrogen-carbonated waters have medicinal qualities. Many water reservoirs have been built according to local demand. Thermal waters of 55–65 °C can be brought to the surface from wells as shallow as 1,000 metres. The most important thermal water reserves are in Nyíregyháza, Kisvárda, Mátészalka, and Tiszavasvári. The county's geothermal energy still awaits exploitation. The county has relatively few mineral reserves. Almost all of

140-532: Is 235 kilometres long, out of which 208 kilometres (129 miles) belongs to the Upper Tisza Valley, reaching the area of Tokaj and Rakamaz . The larger area named the Nyírség is derived from the word nyír meaning birch , as the region is dominated by birch woodlands. The northern part of Nyírség is covered with sandy forest soils, the southern areas have loose wind-blown sand. Alluvial and meadow soils are found in

175-504: Is Hungary's sixth-biggest county with a total land area of 5,936 square kilometres (2,292 square miles). From a geographical aspect, it is possible to divide the county into two main regions: The Upper Tisza Valley and the Nyírség. Tisza is one of the most important rivers of the county, entering Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg — and Hungary — at Tiszabecs , and leaving at Tiszadob . Its segment in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county

210-469: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Szabolcs%E2%80%93Szatm%C3%A1r%E2%80%93Bereg Szabolcs–Szatmár–Bereg ( Hungarian : Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg vármegye , pronounced [ˈsɒbolt͡ʃ ˈsɒtmaːr ˈbɛrɛɡ] ) is an administrative county (Hungarian: vármegye ) in north-eastern Hungary , bordering Slovakia ( Košice Region ), Ukraine ( Zakarpattia Oblast ), and Romania ( Bihor and Satu Mare counties). It shares borders with

245-722: Is known as the Tibisco in Italian , and in older French references (as for instance in relation to the naval battles on the Danube between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg Empire in the 17th and 18th centuries) it is often referred to as the Tibisque . Another theory is that it is derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic *teišus meaning still, quiet, silent to describe the river. Modern names for

280-408: Is made up of 25 counselors, with the following party composition: Szabolcs–Szatmár–Bereg County has 1 urban county , 27 towns , 15 large villages and 186 villages. (ordered by population, as of 2011 census) [REDACTED] municipalities are large villages. Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County has a partnership relationship with: Tisza The Tisza , Tysa or Tisa , is one of

315-611: The Carpathian Mountains create in a semi circle the northern, eastern and southeastern boundary of the Tisza catchment. The western - southwestern reach of the watershed is comparatively low in some places – on its Hungarian and Serbian parts it is almost flat. The area is divided roughly along the centreline by the Carpathians Mountains , east of which lies the 400–600 m high plateau of the Transylvanian Basin , and

350-619: The Chornohora mountains ; the latter in the Gorgany range). From there, the Tisza flows west, roughly following Ukraine 's borders with Romania and Hungary , then briefly as the border between Slovakia and Hungary, before entering into Hungary, and finally into Serbia . The Tisza enters Hungary at Tiszabecs , traversing the country from north to south. A few kilometers south of the Hungarian city of Szeged , it enters Serbia . Finally, it joins

385-454: The Danube near the village of Stari Slankamen in Vojvodina , Serbia . The Tisza drains an area of about 156,087 km (60,266 sq mi) and has a length of 966 km (600 mi) Its mean annual discharge is seasonally 792 m /s (28,000 cu ft/s) to 1,050 m /s (37,000 cu ft/s). It contributes about 13% of the Danube's total runoff . Attila

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420-514: The European Union , this distinction was lifted and vessels were allowed on the Tisza. Conditions of navigation differ with the circumstances: when the river is in flood, it is often unnavigable, just as it is at times of extreme drought. The Tisza has a rich and varied wildlife. Over 200 species of birds reside in the bird reserve of Tiszafüred. The flood plains along the river boast large amounts of diverse plant and animal life. In particular,

455-724: The Slovak Republic is predominantly hilly area and the highest mountain peak in Kráľova hoľa - in the Low Tatras Mountain Range at 1948 m. The lowland area lies in the south, forming the northern edge of the Hungarian Lowland . The lowest point in the Slovak Republic is the village of Streda nad Bodrogom in the eastern Slovak lowland (96 m) in the Bodrog River Basin. The Hungarian and Vojvodina ( Serbia ) part of

490-727: The 1970s, the building of the Tisza Dam at Kisköre started with the purpose of helping to control floods as well as storing water for drought seasons. However, the resulting Lake Tisza became one of the most popular tourist destinations in Hungary since it had similar features to Lake Balaton at drastically cheaper prices and was not crowded. The Tisza is navigable over much of its course. The river opened up for international navigation only recently; before, Hungary distinguished "national rivers" and "international rivers", indicating whether non-Hungarian vessels were allowed or not. After Hungary joined

525-466: The 2011 census. Religious adherence in the county according to 2011 census: The county borders three countries, and it is the only Hungarian county bordering Ukraine. The railway border crossing toward Ukraine is well developed; its high capacity is able to meet the requirements of transit and bilateral trade. Following the reconstruction of the road border crossing, the county is also able to cope with increased road transportation. Several regions in

560-648: The German occupation, all the Jews were transferred to the Berehove ghetto, where about 10,000 Jews living in the area were concentrated. In mid-May, they were sent to the Auschwitz extermination camp. After the war, only two Jewish women who left soon returned to Gulács. The synagogue and the Jewish cemetery were not damaged in the war. This Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg location article

595-706: The Hun is said to have been buried under a diverted section of the river Tisza. The river was known as the Tisia in antiquity ; other ancient names for it included Pathissus ( Πάθισσος in Ancient Greek and later Tissus (in Latin )), ( Pliny , Naturalis historia , 4.25). It may be referred to as the Theiss in older English references, after the German name for the river, Theiß . It

630-566: The Hungarian counties Hajdú––Bihar and Borsod–Abaúj–Zemplén . The capital of Szabolcs–Szatmár–Bereg county is Nyíregyháza . Szabolcs–Szatmár–Bereg County was organised after World War II from the previous counties Szatmár –Ugocsa–Bereg and Szabolcs . Before 1991 it was called Szabolcs-Szatmár County. Szabolcs–Szatmár–Bereg is in the north-eastern tip of Hungary. It borders Ukraine ( Zakarpattia Oblast ), Slovakia ( Košice Region ), and Romania ( Bihor and Satu Mare counties), and has good connections both by road and rail. Within Hungary,

665-632: The Tisza River Basin is a flat area bordered by small ranges of hills and mountains from the north and dominated by the Hungarian lowland . Important hydrographic stations along the Tisza River (full list) kilometer (rkm) (m) (km ) (m /s) Period: 1971–2000 Average, minimum and maximum discharge of the Tisza River at Tiszabecs (Upper Tisza), Szolnok (Middle Tisza) and Senta (Lower Tisza). The following rivers are tributaries to

700-464: The Tisza in the languages of the countries it flows through include: The length of the Tisza in Hungary used to be 1,419 km (882 mi). It flowed through the Great Hungarian Plain , which is one of the largest flat areas in central Europe. Since plains can cause a river to flow very slowly, the Tisza used to follow a path with many curves and turns, which led to many large floods in

735-557: The Upper Tisza region. The county has a continental climate ; it is cooler than the Great Plain because it is further north. Summers are cooler than in other parts of the Plains. Annual precipitation is 550–600 millimetres. The higher than average number of days of sunshine make ideal conditions for the growing of tomatoes, sunflower, tobacco, apples, and other fruits such as plums—for which

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770-402: The area. After several small-scale attempts, István Széchenyi organised the "regulation of the Tisza" ( Hungarian : a Tisza szabályozása ) which started on August 27 1846, and substantially ended in 1880. The new length of the river in Hungary was reduced to 966 km (600 mi) in total, with 589 km (366 mi) of dead channels and 136 km (85 mi) of new riverbed. In

805-417: The county have tourism potential, mostly unexploited. Szabolcs–Szatmár–Bereg has several agricultural products of excellent quality, with capacity for higher production. There is an abundance of low-cost, semiskilled labour. The county's biggest problem is the economic crisis. There is a shortage of local capital and inward investment, which restrains the creation of new jobs, thus the unemployment rate remains

840-563: The county is bordered by Borsod–Abaúj–Zemplén County and the Tisza River to the north-west and Hajdú–Bihar County to the south-west. The early Hungarians transformed this region significantly by clearing large areas of forest to make way for pastures and farmland. Approximately 5 to 6 square kilometres of forest were cleared for the construction of the Szabolcs earthwork in the ninth and tenth centuries, and its ruins are still present. The area

875-422: The county is famous, being eaten fresh, dried into prunes (some made into lekvar ) and fermented into well-known brandies. The county has 229 settlements, of which 20 are towns. The county capital and largest city is Nyíregyháza with a population of 116,900 in 2003. The other cities have relatively small populations, only those of Kisvárda and Mátészalka having around 18,000 inhabitants. The eastern part of

910-399: The county is lightly populated and is dotted with small villages which often have very poor economic conditions. The Upper Tisza region has many streams and rivers, but the Nyírség region has little surface water. The most important of Tisza's tributaries is the river Szamos , which is also characterised by great variations in water volume. There are irrigation systems, a water barrage , and

945-719: The large energy source transport systems cross the county. Religion in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County (2022 census – of those who declared their religion (66.7%)) In 2015, it had a population of 562,357 and the population density was 92/km². Besides the Hungarian majority, the main minority populations in the county are Romani (about 44,000), German (about 2,000), and Ukrainian (about 1,000). Total population (2011 census): 559,272 Ethnic groups (2011 census): About 66,000 people in Szabolcs–Szatmár–Bereg County did not declare their ethnicity during

980-664: The major rivers of Central and Eastern Europe . It was once called "the most Hungarian river" because it used to flow entirely within the Kingdom of Hungary . Today, it crosses several national borders. The Tisza begins near Rakhiv in Ukraine , at the confluence of the White Tisa  [ uk ] and Black Tisa  [ uk ] , which is at coordinates 48°4′29″N 24°14′40″E  /  48.07472°N 24.24444°E  / 48.07472; 24.24444 (the former springs in

1015-735: The plains to the west. The highest summits of the river basin reach 1948 m in the Low Tatras ( Kráľova hoľa ), 2061 m in the Chornogora Mountains ( Hoverla ), 2303 m in the Rodna Mountains (Pietrosul Rodnei) and even higher in the Retezat Mountains of the Southern Carpathians ( Peleaga , 2509 m). Areas above elevations higher than 1600 m occupy only 1% of the total; 46% of the territory lies below 200 m. The Tisza River Basin in

1050-478: The second highest in Hungary. Manufacturing lags the rest of the country, most notably lacking high quality, high-value-added products. The marginal soil quality limits the scope of agricultural production to a few products which suffer from shrinking export markets to the east. It is home to the Szakoly Power Plant . The Szabolcs–Szatmár–Bereg County Council, elected at the 2024 local government elections ,

1085-512: The time as the most serious environmental disaster to hit central Europe since the Chernobyl disaster . Usage of river water for any purpose was temporarily banned and the Hungarian government pressed the Romanians and the European Union to close all installations that could lead to further pollution. Examination of river sediments indicates that pollution incidents from mines have occurred for over

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1120-527: The yearly "flowering" of the Tisza is considered a local natural wonder. The flowering attracts vast numbers of mayflies which is a well known spectacle. In September 2020, colonies of magnificent bryozoans were discovered in the river. In early 2000, there was a sequence of serious pollution incidents originating from accidental industrial discharges in Romania. The first, in January 2000, occurred when there

1155-513: The years, its current territory being established in 1950 with the amalgamation of the counties of Szabolcs–Ung and Szatmár–Bereg–Ugocsa. There are many forests, fields , pastures , meadows , and moorland forests in the county. The bog moss moors at Csaroda , the Nyíres lake, and the Bábtava lake are especially valuable, as they contain many rare species of fauna and flora. Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg

1190-487: Was a release of sludge containing cyanide from a Romanian mine and killed 2000 tons of fish. The second, from a mine pond at Baia Borsa, northern Romania, resulted in the release of 20,000 m (710,000 cu ft) of sludge containing zinc , lead and copper occurred in early March 2000. A week later, the third spill occurred at the same mining site at Baia Borsa, staining the river black, possibly including heavy metals. This series of incidents were described at

1225-467: Was the gateway for the Mongol invasion of Hungary in the 1240s, and suffered considerable destruction and population decrease during the raids. With the subsequent development of the country, the region became even more marginalized in the 15th century. Ongoing civil war, rebellion, and war exacted a heavy price and further hindered the region's development. The county's borders have been altered frequently over

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