36-543: Guardian class may refer to: Guardian-class patrol boat , vessels designed and built in Australia, intended to enable smaller Pacific Ocean nations to patrol their own exclusive economic zones Guardian-class patrol boat (Grenada) , see Grenadan patrol boat Tyrrel Bay Guardian -class radar picket ship , former World War II Liberty ships, retrofitted to serve as United States Navy support vessels Topics referred to by
72-473: A stern launching ramp for a pursuit boat, also improving search and rescue capabilities. Austal delivered the vessels without armament, but they are designed to be capable of mounting an autocannon of up to 30 mm (1.2 in) on their foredeck, and a heavy machine gun on either side of their bridge . The vessel's twin diesel engines provide 4,000 kilowatts (5,400 shp). Sophisticated electronic engine controls will help conserve fuel. One of
108-597: A 1979 Australian and New Zealand assessment of Pacific Islands maritime patrol needs and the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea establishing that all maritime nations were entitled to exercise control over a 200-kilometre (120 mi) exclusive economic zone , it became evident to all parties that the Pacific Islands were in need of several patrol vessels . The Australian Government decided to meet this need by launching
144-640: A group is creating a make-work system to justify extra funding, rather than providing a low-cost system which meets the basic needs, regardless of the use of COTS products. Applying the lessons of processor obsolescence learned during the Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor , the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II planned for processor upgrades during development, and switched to the more widely supported C++ programming language. They have also moved from ASICs to FPGAs . This moves more of
180-609: A pre-negotiated option in the original contract, at an additional cost of A$ 29.7 million. Timor-Leste did not receive Pacific Forum boats in the original program. Austal delivered HMPNGS Ted Diro to the Papua New Guinea Defence Force on 30 November 2018. Her engines broke down in October 2019, and she had to be towed to Australia for repairs. In June 2021, the Australian Defence Force agreed to
216-455: A replacement system. Such obsolescence problems have led to government-industry partnerships, where various businesses agree to stabilize some product versions for government use and plan some future features, in those product lines, as a joint effort. Hence, some partnerships have led to complaints of favoritism, to avoiding competitive procurement practices, and to claims of the use of sole-source agreements where not actually needed. There
252-413: A third party vendor. COTS can be purchased, leased or even licensed to the general public. COTS can be obtained and operated at a lower cost over in-house development, and provide increased reliability and quality over custom-built software as these are developed by specialists within the industry and are validated by various independent organizations, often over an extended period of time. According to
288-420: Is also the danger of pre-purchasing a multi-decade supply of replacement parts (and materials) which would become obsolete within 10 years. All these considerations lead to compare a simple solution (such as "paper & pencil") to avoid overly complex solutions creating a " Rube Goldberg " system of creeping featurism , where a simple solution would have sufficed instead. Such comparisons also consider whether
324-491: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Guardian-class patrol boat The Guardian-class patrol boats are a class of small patrol vessels designed and built in Australia and provided to small South Pacific Ocean countries as part of the Australian Government's Pacific Maritime Security Program . The class is designed to be updated replacements for
360-627: The Pacific Forum-class patrol boats provided to its allies from 1987 to 1997. Australia provided twenty-two Pacific Forum vessels to twelve nations. They were designed to use commercial off the shelf components, to make them easier to maintain for the small nations that would operate them. Australia stood ready to help with training and maintenance, during the duration of the program, because Australia's external security issues were eased if it could count on its sovereign neighbours having resources to police their own external security. Austal
396-723: The United States Department of Homeland Security , software security is a serious risk of using COTS software. If the COTS software contains severe security vulnerabilities it can introduce significant risk into an organization's software supply chain . The risks are compounded when COTS software is integrated or networked with other software products to create a new composite application or a system of systems. The composite application can inherit risks from its COTS components. The US Department of Homeland Security has sponsored efforts to manage supply chain cyber security issues related to
SECTION 10
#1732848058625432-428: The 1990s, many regarded COTS as extremely effective in reducing the time and cost of software development . COTS software came with many not-so-obvious tradeoffs – a reduction in initial cost and development time over an increase in software component-integration work, dependency on the vendor , security issues and incompatibilities from future changes. COTS software and services are built and delivered usually from
468-626: The Guardian class "play an important role in tackling our shared regional security challenges [...] We are better positioned to respond to maritime threats, from illegal fishing to transnational crime, by working together, co-ordinating closely, and building our interoperability." The Guardian class will be slightly larger, will have better sea-keeping capabilities, and their electronics suite will be up to date. The Australian government called for submission in March 2015. Five consortia submitted designs for
504-499: The Guardian dubbed the 40-A with a 20 mm (0.79 in) main gun, two 12.7 mm machine guns and a 20 mm remote weapon system aft. Several design flaws have been identified in finished vessels. The flaws were reported publicly in June 2022, after fifteen vessels had been delivered. Recipient nations were notified in February 2021 of a vessel experiencing cracking in the coupling between
540-633: The PNGDF's request to arm their four patrol boats. Two boats had been delivered to Papua New Guinea at the time. It is unclear which armaments will be installed and who will install them on behalf of the ADF. During a visit to Apia in June 2022, Foreign Minister Penny Wong announced that Australia will build an additional vessel to replace Nafanua II , which was damaged beyond repair on 5 August 2021. In October 2019, HMPNGS Ted Diro 's engines broke down, and she had to be towed to Australia for repairs. In
576-528: The Pacific Patrol Boat Program, in which Australia would gift 22 Pacific Forum-class patrol boat to 12 allied Pacific Island nations between 1987 and 1997. In addition to simply improving diplomatic relations between the countries, Australia benefited by having their external security issues eased as it could count on its sovereign neighbours having resources to police their own waters. The Pacific Forum vessels were designed to use commercial off
612-507: The U.S. military. In the context of the U.S. government , the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) has defined "COTS" as a formal term for commercial items, including services, available in the commercial marketplace that can be bought and used under government contract. For example, Microsoft is a COTS software provider. Goods and construction materials may qualify as COTS but bulk cargo does not. Services associated with
648-448: The class. Austal was chosen as the contractor in April 2016. The vessels are a 39.5 metres (129 ft 7 in) long, steel monohull design, capable of traveling 3,000 nautical miles (5,600 km; 3,500 mi) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph), with a maximum speed of 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph). They are designed to berth a complement of 23 crew members. They have
684-446: The commercial items may also qualify as COTS, including installation services, training services, and cloud services. COTS purchases are alternatives to custom software or one-off developments – government-funded developments or otherwise. Although COTS products can be used out of the box, in practice the COTS product must be configured to achieve the needs of the business and integrated to existing organizational systems. Extending
720-480: The device itself if the steps are not taken to ensure fair and safe standards are complied with. The standard IEC 62304:2006 "Medical device software – Software life cycle processes" outlines specific practices to ensure that SOUP components support the safety requirements for the device being developed. In the case where the software components are COTS, DHS best practices for COTS software risk review can be applied. Simply being COTS software does not necessarily imply
756-495: The engine and the gear box. Two separate air quality faults were also discovered in May 2022. The medical bay ventilation system reportedly uses recirculated air, when fresh air is advised. It was also reported that a fault in the exhaust system caused carbon monoxide to enter a normally uncrewed compartment, posing a safety risk. Austal has reportedly "accepted that the problems are latent defects that it will work to resolve." Austal
SECTION 20
#1732848058625792-598: The functionality of COTS products via custom development is also an option, however this decision should be carefully considered due to the long term support and maintenance implications. Such customized functionality is not supported by the COTS vendor, so brings its own sets of issues when upgrading the COTS product. The use of COTS has been mandated across many government and business programs, as such products may offer significant savings in procurement, development, and maintenance. Motivations for using COTS components include hopes for reduction system whole of life costs. In
828-562: The lack of a fault history or transparent software development process. For well documented COTS software a distinction as clear SOUP is made, meaning that it may be used in medical devices. A striking example of product obsolescence are PlayStation 3 clusters , which used Linux to operate. Sony disabled the use of Linux on the PS3 in April 2010, leaving no means to procure functioning Linux replacement units . In general, COTS product obsolescence can require customized support or development of
864-406: The main deck staterooms, a stateroom with two bunks, is equipped with separate ventilation, so it can be used as an infirmary for infectious patients. The patrol boats operated by Papua New Guinea and Solomons Islands will be armed with 12.7 mm (0.50 in) machine guns. Timor Leste has requested that their boats be armed. During INDO PACIFIC 2022 Austal revealed an up-armed variant of
900-532: The officer-in-charge of the boat at the time of the accident, Superintendent Taito Sefo Faaoi Hunt, was found guilty on three charges of negligence by a Police disciplinary tribunal. On 4 January he was fined $ 2000 Samoan tālā and demoted from superintendent to corporal. In mid-May 2022, an unidentified vessel experienced a carbon monoxide exhaust leak into a normally uncrewed compartment. In March 2023, Vanuatu 's Takuare and Tuvalu 's Te Mataili II were damaged when two cyclones hit Vanuatu. While Takuare
936-478: The recipient's sovereign property upon delivery, the purchase contract contains provisions for Austal to provide maintenance support to the client states, for seven years, out of its Cairns facility. The keel of the first vessel was laid in July 2017. That vessel was scheduled to be delivered to Papua New Guinea in October 2018. New vessels were scheduled to be completed every three months. The first vessel
972-445: The risks introduced into their software supply chain by COTS. In the medical device industry, COTS software can sometimes be identified as SOUP ( software of unknown pedigree or software of unknown provenance), i.e., software that has not been developed with a known software development process or methodology, which precludes its use in medical devices. In this industry, faults in software components could become system failures in
1008-424: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Guardian-class . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guardian-class&oldid=881893299 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
1044-582: The shelf components, to make them easier to maintain for the small nations that would operate them. Though, if needed, Australia stood ready to help with training and maintenance during the duration of the original program. This included refits after fifteen years of operation, which extended the projected service life of the last vessels to 2027. The Australian government launched the A$ 2 billion Pacific Patrol Boat Replacement Program in June 2014. There has been political disagreement within Australia as to whether it
1080-1022: The use of COTS. However, software industry observers such as Gartner and the SANS Institute indicate that supply chain disruption poses a major threat. Gartner predicts that "enterprise IT supply chains will be targeted and compromised, forcing changes in the structure of the IT marketplace and how IT will be managed moving forward". Also, the SANS Institute published a survey of 700 IT and security professionals in December 2012 that found that only 14% of companies perform security reviews on every commercial application brought in house, and over half of other companies do not perform security assessments. Instead companies either rely on vendor reputation (25%) and legal liability agreements (14%) or they have no policies for dealing with COTS at all and therefore have limited visibility into
1116-547: The winter of 2020–2021, an unidentified vessel experienced cracking in the coupling between the engine and the gear box. On 5 August 2021 the Samoan Nafanua II ran aground on a reef near Salelologa wharf while transporting police officers to Savai'i to manage a protest. Australian specialists loaded her onto a barge and transported her to Cairns for assessment. She was found to be beyond economical repair, and given back to Australia for disposal. On 21 December 2021
Guardian-class - Misplaced Pages Continue
1152-540: Was being repaired in Cairns , Tuvalu was scheduled to receive a replacement boat for Te Mataili II. Commercial off the shelf Commercial-off-the-shelf or commercially available off-the-shelf ( COTS ) products are packaged or canned (ready-made) hardware or software, which are adapted aftermarket to the needs of the purchasing organization, rather than the commissioning of custom-made, or bespoke , solutions. A related term, Mil-COTS , refers to COTS products for use by
1188-519: Was commissioned to build 19 Guardian-class boats in 2016. Austal's contract allows it to market the design to additional customers. Subsequently, an additional three vessels were ordered. Two for Timor-Leste, and one new replacement vessel for the Samoan Nafanua II , which was damaged beyond repair on 5 August 2021. The last vessels were scheduled for delivery in late 2023, but the number of planned boats had risen to 24 by late 2024. Following
1224-426: Was commissioned to build 19 Guardian-class boats in 2016. This was fewer than the 22 Pacific-class patrol boats Australia ordered for the same recipients back in the 1980s. The Federated States of Micronesia , Fiji and Tonga , who had operated three Pacific-class boats each from the original program, were to be gifted two Guardian-class patrol boats each as replacements. While the patrol boats are gifts and become
1260-463: Was delivered on 30 November 2018, and commissioned into the Papua New Guinea Defence Force (PNGDF) on 1 February 2019. The second was commissioned into the Tuvalu Police Force on 5 April 2019. The fourth vessel was delivered to Samoa on 16 August 2019. Australia announced on 19 April 2018 that they ordered two more vessels to gift them to Timor-Leste . They did this by exercising
1296-508: Was sensible for Australia to fund the Pacific class. Like the class of vessels they will replace, these small vessels will allow Australia's small neighbours to patrol their own economic zones . They will be able to control smuggling, unregulated fishing, and perform search and rescue duties. A Royal Australian Navy rear admiral said upon the delivery of Taro to the Solomon Islands that
#624375