Grodzka Street is a historical street in Old Town of Bydgoszcz , Poland . The street is located in the northern part of the Old Town: it stretches along Brda River waterfront, following an east-west axis. The street starts at the intersection with Bernardyńska street and ends at Tadeusz Malczewski street's crossing. Its length is approximately 430 m. The Grodzka Street was laid out in mid-14th century, when Bydgoszcz became a charter city . Grodzka Street buildings vary greatly one from the other, beginning with the three historic granaries from late 18th century, to the all-glass similar-shape modern mBank in Bydgoszcz, which became an icon of Polish architecture.
53-582: Grodzka Street may refer to: Grodzka Street, Bydgoszcz Grodzka Street, Kraków Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Grodzka Street . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grodzka_Street&oldid=1225041030 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
106-507: A banquet hall for 600 people, with Neo-Baroque and Eclecticism designs. Karl Bergner was famous for its realizations in several buildings of Bromberg, like Max Zweininger house or House at Focha Street 4 . Interiors were lavishly decorated, the complex after expansion comprised a wine bar, a beer-house, a summer garden, a restaurant "Stara Bydgoszcz" ("Old Bydgoszcz"), and in the main hall were held numerous balls, concerts, theatre performances, and cabaret shows. The activity went on until
159-515: A common building material for wall and ceiling surfaces, in which a series of nailed wooden strips are covered with plaster smoothed into a flat surface. In many regions this building method has itself been overtaken by drywall construction using plasterboard sheets. The wattle is made by weaving thin branches (either whole, or more usually split) or slats between upright stakes. The wattle may be made as loose panels, slotted between timber framing to make infill panels, or made in place to form
212-582: A great fire destroyed two other adjacent granaries close to the Fish Market (at Nr.13 and 15). From this date on, the municipal authorities have re-allocated granaries for the needs of the Regional Museum "Leon Wyczółkowski" . Between 1998 and 2006, a general overhaul have been carried out. These are half-timbered buildings, characterized by their wooden frame filled with bricks and their de l'Orme roof. The four-storey granary at Grodzka 9 has been rebuilt in
265-626: A room hall with 60 seats and the manager apartment. The House held parish meetings, meetings with children and youth, performances of religious content by amateur theaters and youth teams, and various religious events. In December 1939, when Nazi forces took the city, collections were moved to the Municipal Museum building on Mill Island , leaving the edifice at the care of curator Kazimierz Borucki. The edifice has not been impacted by 1940s destruction of waterfront buildings nearby Mostowa street (Houses "Jachman" and "Fryderyk"). After World War II ,
318-493: A square with a fountain has been built nearby Mostowa street where the houses demolished in 1940 stood. The northernmost part of Grodzka street has been rebuilt in 2006–2007, works being completed in 2015 including: the Grodzka street section from Mostowa St. to Podwale St. (repaved), the bridge, entirely restored, and Jatki street, between old market square and Grodzka, renovated. After 1990, new distinctive modern buildings appeared in
371-434: A system of augered holes on one side and short chiseled grooves along the other. The holes (along with holes of square paneling) are drilled at a slight angle towards the outer face of each stud. This allows room for upright hazels to be tied to ledgers from the inside of the building. The horizontal ledgers are placed every two to three feet (0.6 to 0.9 metres) with whole hazel rods positioned upright top to bottom and lashed to
424-717: Is a one-storey structure with a round-gable roof style which gave its name "Dutch granary". After a thorough renovation of the Dutch granary carried out from 1993 to 2002, municipal authorities have dedicated it for the Regional Museum Leon Wyczółkowski . Since April 2002, it houses the Museum of Bydgoszcz , featuring a permanent exhibition about the history of the city, as well as a Tourist Information point. Building at Nr.8 , corner with Mostowa street. Neo- Eclecticism . This edifice tenement has been built in 2007 following
477-716: Is common in the architecture of traditional houses such as those of the Ashanti people . Its usage dates back at least 6,000 years. There are suggestions that construction techniques such as lath and plaster and even cob may have evolved from wattle and daub. Fragments from prehistoric wattle and daub buildings have been found in Africa, Europe, Mesoamerica and North America. Evidence for wattle and daub (or "wattle and reed") fire pits, storage bins, and buildings shows up in Egyptian archaeological sites such as Merimda and El Omari, dating back to
530-403: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Grodzka Street, Bydgoszcz The Grodzka Street changed names numerous times in its history. It was known from 16th century to 1750 as "Platea balnealis" ( German : Badegasse , Polish : Łazienna ) for the western part, "Platea castriensis" for the eastern part. During the 19th century, it
583-413: Is provided by straw, hair, hay or other fibrous materials, and helps to hold the mix together as well as to control shrinkage and provide flexibility. The daub may be mixed by hand, or by treading – either by humans or livestock . It is then applied to the wattle and allowed to dry, and often then whitewashed to increase its resistance to rain. Sometimes there can be more than one layer of daub. At
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#1732851749082636-619: Is still an important construction method in many parts of the world. Many historic buildings include wattle and daub construction. The wattle and daub technique has been used since the Neolithic period. It was common for houses of Linear pottery and Rössen cultures of middle Europe, but is also found in Western Asia ( Çatalhöyük , Shillourokambos ) as well as in North America ( Mississippian culture ) and South America ( Brazil ). In Africa it
689-571: The Eclecticist style, by local Polish patisserie company " Cukiernia Sowa ". It houses now one of its restaurants. Grain Granaries , at 9/11. Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage List, Nr.601339 & 601340, Reg.A/1123 & A/1124, (May 12, 1993). 1793–1800: Wattle and daub . These buildings have been built by Samuel Gotlieb Engelmann, a merchant, as a complex of five granaries, and worked for over 150 years. In February 1960,
742-537: The 14th century castle of Casimir III the Great . The area has been the focus of numerous archaeological excavations, which has intensified since the 1990s, providing a huge amount of information on various aspects of settlement and development of Bydgoszcz. The first settlement of Bydgoszcz built between 11th and 12th centuries had its footprint in the area of Grodzka Street, between Przy Zamczysku and Bernardyńska streets. First comprehensive archaeological searches conducted in
795-431: The 14th century, for the timber-framed buildings and to the 15th–19th century for brick buildings. Searches also excavated thousands of objects from daily life. In 2014, another study has unveiled a wooden road from the 16th century, preserved in a pretty good state. Until 1772 Grodzka Street was the main axis that spread along the northern edge of the city. Starting at St Martin and St Nicholas cathedral where were laid
848-569: The 17th century, and never rebuilt. On a detailed plan of the city, prepared by the Prussian geometer Gretha in 1774, plots along the street are partially occupied by current buildings. In the western part, the street ran along the municipal cemetery to the bridge connecting Mill Island in Bydgoszcz . On the eastern side, the watered castle moat is still standing. Between the castle and the Brda river stands
901-517: The 1990s led to the discovery of large-scale relics related to the first footprint of Bydgoszcz settlement, with its castle built on an island formed Brda river meanders. It consisted of a fortified area, with log cabin -type housing and utility buildings. In the southern part of this island has been unveiled wooden structures attributed to a harbor on the river. The fortification system has been dated by dendrochronology from 1037 to 1038. Subsequent excavations have been taken in 2007 in connection with
954-701: The 5th millennium BCE, predating the use of mud brick and continuing to be the preferred building material until about the start of the First Dynasty. It continued to flourish well into the New Kingdom and beyond. Vitruvius refers to it as being employed in Rome . A review of English architecture especially reveals that the sophistication of this craft is dependent on the various styles of timber frame housing. The wattle and plaster process has been replaced in modern architecture by brick and mortar or by lath and plaster ,
1007-612: The Lloyd's Palace (1884), both placed on the plot of the dried moat castle. The most representative buildings, now gone, were standing at the intersection with Mostowa street: the House Jachmann (1838) with its cafe Bristol onto the Brda river, and the House Fryderyk (1902) comprising a restaurant Piwnica Fryderykowska , a department store and suites, design by builder Joseph Święcicki. In
1060-546: The Mitchell Site, the anterior of the house had double layers of burned daub. There were two popular choices for wattle and daub infill paneling: close-studded paneling and square paneling. Close-studding panels create a much narrower space between the timbers: anywhere from 7 to 16 inches (18 to 40 cm). For this style of panel, weaving is too difficult, so the wattles run horizontally and are known as ledgers. The ledgers are sprung into each upright timber (stud) through
1113-715: The Old Town. On opposite Brda river bank is located the neo-Gothic main Post Office building. A water tram stop is located at Fish Market. Fish Market was set in the Middle Ages, and worked till 1946. It was the traditional place for trading fish, directly on galleys and boats, and then on barges and steamers. In the 19th century, it was a central place for business, and in neighboring granaries were stored fish and herring transiting from Gdańsk using Brda waterway. Permanent market stalls were open from dawn to dusk. In 1906, fish trading
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#17328517490821166-541: The Polish Theatre in Adam Mickiewicz Alley turned to more spontaneous performances and began to look for other premises: attention was then drawn to an abandoned building at Grodzka Street 14–16, and a second theater scene started there. A thorough overhaul of the edifice was then carried out by artist Stanislaw Lejkowski, both outside and inside, with a 300 seats hall, a foyer and breakfast area. The new facility
1219-513: The absence of reliable sources, the exact location of the property is not known. In 1573, the governor and mayor of Bydgoszcz, Jan Kościelecki, asked the City Council to renovate the devastated public baths, for hygienic purposes. Another mention in the documents dates back to 1717: minor bathing activity was still performed at this time. Until 1772, eastern end of today's Grodzka street was called named "Zamkowej" (polish for Castle ), referring to
1272-497: The building has been used for meetings of Catholic associations and ministries activities. In 1964, the eastern part has been rebuilt and in 1989, a monument to Leon Barciszewski (Bydgosdzcz Mayor) has been unveiled in the nearby square – it has been moved to Długa street in 2008. In the years 1982–2000 the building housed classrooms of the Primate Institute of Christian Culture. Since the erection in 2004 of Bydgoszcz Diocese ,
1325-458: The building lost its activity which has moved to the Polish Theatre in Bydgoszcz . An entire re-building of the facility happened scheduled in 2020-2021. The new theatre features, among others, a multifunction amphitheatre with 187 seats, workshop and meetings rooms, so as to support artistic and social development. Fish Market is located between Grodzka Street and Brda river waterfront in
1378-415: The cane sugar refinery building (now PZU building). On the map of Lindner from 1800 are clearly visible the new buildings erected during 25 years: the municipal granaries on the river waterfront and the fish Market, established along a dirt road meandering around the ruins of the castle. From 1834 on, a continuous frontages of houses and granaries were visible in the western part of Grodzka street, but, since
1431-456: The city walls, it led to the Old Castle in the east. In 15th and 16th centuries, on the western end of the street was built a bridge connecting to Mill Island in Bydgoszcz , located at Farna weir : it has been demolished since. With time, southern side of the street developed estate houses, while northern side areas were used for business (granaries and waterfront harbour). In the western end of
1484-439: The common use of acacias as wattle in early Australian European settlements. Daub is usually created from a mixture of ingredients from three categories: binders , aggregates and reinforcement. Binders hold the mix together and can include clay, lime , chalk dust and limestone dust. Aggregates give the mix its bulk and dimensional stability through materials such as mud, sand, crushed chalk and crushed stone. Reinforcement
1537-726: The conference center of the diocese, and it is planned to open a Museum of the Diocese of Bydgoszcz. Official inauguration of the Polish House has happened on May 24, 2012, in the presence of Bydgoszcz bishop Jan Tyrawa and Bydgoszcz Mayor Rafał Bruski Building at 7 Mostowa street , corner with Grodzka street, 1850–1900 Eclecticism . This tenement has been recently renovated. Dutch Granary , at 7 Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage List, Nr.601338, Reg.A/1122, (January 25, 1960 & May 12, 1993. 1794–1797: Wattle and daub . This granary has been built before 1793. It
1590-483: The construction of a Holiday Inn hotel at the confluence of Grodzka and Bernardyńska streets. Findings have complemented previous searches regarding former castle, unveiling among other things, wooden relics of log cabin buildings. Those documents and elements of the early medieval castle are now presented the elements in the district archeological museum in the White Granary on Mill Island . Archaeological work
1643-435: The daub. To insert wattles in a square panel several steps are required. First, a series of evenly spaced holes are drilled along the middle of the inner face of each upper timber. Next, a continuous groove is cut along the middle of each inner face of the lower timber in each panel. Vertical slender timbers, known as staves, are then inserted and these hold the whole panel within the timber frame. The staves are positioned into
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1696-521: The early 20th century, on the site of the former castle was built an evangelical temple, which after World War II became the Jesuit's church of St. Andrew Bobola. In 1940, on Hitler's orders, the Nazi occupation authorities demolished buildings and granaries nearby Mostowa street (in particular houses Jachmann and Fryderyk ). In 1960, two half-timbered granaries located on the fish market burned down. In 1973,
1749-646: The edifice at Nr.12 has been thoroughly restored Bydgoszcz Chamber theatre at 14/16 Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage List, Nr.601341, Reg.A/887 (June 21, 1993). The chamber theatre , built in 1875–1876 and rebuilt in 1897 by Karl Bergner in the style of Eclecticism , has initially housed a restaurant with a bowling alley and a garden, one of the several dining and entertainment complexes operating in Bromberg at this time. The facility gained popularity after its acquisition by Jacob Wichert, who expanded it. In 1897, architect Karl Bergner designed
1802-504: The end of World War II . In 1947–1949, the place has been adapted for theatrical stage performances, in replacement of the demolished Municipal Theatre , and after a 1945–1947 period where performances were held at Gdanska St.66–68 . Theatrical activity was then using a small stage set up in the banquet hall. After completion in October 1949 of the Polish Theatre in Bydgoszcz , performances left Grodzka street. After 1956 Gomułka's thaw ,
1855-444: The gate was a bridge over the castle moat. On the basis of several historical plans (Dahlberg (1657), Gretha (1774), Steermanna (1789), Lindner (1800)) studies have estimated the location of this gate in the area of the intersection of Grodzka and Podwale Streets: between the current Lloyd's Palace and Seminary building (at Nr.16 of Grodzka Street). The Grodzka Gate, along with the city castle were destroyed during Swedish invasions in
1908-409: The ground, the gaps being stopped with pug (kneaded clay and grass mixture). Another term for this construction is palisade and pug . "Mud and stud" is a similar process to wattle and daub, with a simple frame consisting only of upright studs joined by cross rails at the tops and bottoms. Thin staves of ash were attached, then daubed with a mixture of mud, straw, hair and dung. The style of building
1961-555: The holes and then sprung into the grooves. They must be placed with sufficient gaps to weave the flexible horizontal wattles. In some places or cultures, the technique of wattle and daub was used with different materials and thus has different names. In the early days of the colonisation of South Australia , in areas where substantial timber was unavailable, pioneers' cottages and other small buildings were frequently constructed with light vertical timbers, which may have been "native pine" ( Callitris or Casuarina spp. ), driven into
2014-415: The ledgers. These hazel rods are generally tied a finger-width apart with 6–8 rods each with a 16-inch (40 cm) width. Gaps allow key formation for drying. Square panels are large, wide panels typical of some later timber-frame houses. These panels may be square in shape, or sometimes triangular to accommodate arched or decorative bracing. This style requires the wattles to be woven for better support of
2067-479: The manager of the building is the diocesan curia. In 2007 renovations have carried out with subsidies from the city. After granting Bydgoszcz with EU funds under the Regional Operational Programme of Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship , the edifice has been completely renovated and transformed into a "Institute of Culture – Polish House", dedicated to culture, business and society. The property houses
2120-473: The mid-19th century, the bridge extending the street to Mill Island has been demolished, and Grodzka ends with a connection to Tadeusz Malczewski Street. The only difference between 1876's and today's layout is the extension of Grodzka street to the east, linking to Bernardyńska street. In the second half of the 19th century, new buildings have been erected in the street: the Seminary Building (1858), and
2173-466: The neighboring town castle to where the street led. Between the city itself and the castle stood a fence or defensive wall , which was pierced at the end of the street by the Grodzka Gate. It had no military importance but was the only connection between the city and the castle. No remains of the door have been ever found during archaeological excavations, but written sources proved its existence. Behind
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2226-549: The street including: mBank seat in Bydgoszcz, recognizable by its glass granary architecture has been erected in 1996–1998, and the three star Holiday Inn hotel, built in 2008–2010 at the eastern end of the street. The modernization of the street pavement was included in the Revitalization Plan of Bydgoszcz. The Culture institute – Catholic house , at 1 Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage List Nr.702040, Reg.A/1266, (January 31, 2006). The building
2279-415: The street, around the cathedral, there was a municipal cemetery till the end of the 18th century. The western part of Grodzka street was called "Łazienna" from polish word for city bath , then located in the area. On June 21, 1549, Andrzej Kościelecki, Bydgoszcz starosta and governor of Poznań , came to terms with the City Council to have public baths built. It was created on Brda river waterfront, but in
2332-415: The third quarter of the 19th century. The granary at Grodzka 11 has only three storey. Building at 12 Eclecticism First quarter of the 19th century This tenement housed a German restaurant "Alt Bromberg", called then "Stara Bydgoszcz" during interwar period . The building has been purchased by local entrepreneur Adam Sowa to be a piece of a new hotel ensemble to open in 2019. For this purpose,
2385-433: The type of brick molded with the same materials and used as infilling between posts. Columbage refers to the timber-framed construction with diagonal bracing of the framework. Pierratage or bousillage is the material filled into the structural timbers. Bajarreque is a wall constructed with the technique of wattle and daub. The wattle here is made of bagasse , and the daub is the mix of clay and straw. Jacal can refer to
2438-513: The whole of a wall. In different regions, the material of wattle can be different. For example, at the Mitchell Site on the northern outskirts of the city of Mitchell, South Dakota, willow has been found as the wattle material of the walls of the house. Reeds and vines can also be used as wattle material. The origin of the term wattle describing a group of acacias in Australia, is derived from
2491-405: Was also conducted in the middle of the street, at the intersection of Grodzka and Podwale streets. It has unveiled wooden joists piles set on a NE-SW track, interpreted as remnants of a wood surface of today's Kreta street. On the other hand, at the crossing with Mostowa street have been discovered several building layers made of wood and brick. Those edifices are dated back to the second half of
2544-463: Was called Chamber Theatre. Its program included plays from Jan Potocki , Henry Becque , Keith Waterhouse , Oscar Wilde , Jerzy Jurandot , Alfred Hennequin and many more. Chamber theatre scene was the place for experiments of new, high-profile and avant-garde plays adapting literary Polish and foreign works. In the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s more than 130 plays from a diversified repertoire were put on stage. In 1988, unable to meet fire regulations,
2597-422: Was called successively Mühlenstraße (1800–1816), then Alte Mühlenstraße (1840–1861) and Schloßstraße for eastern part of the street (1800–1900). Lastly, in the 20th century, its name was Burgstraße (1901–1920, 1939–1945) and Ulica Grodzka (1920–1939, since 1945). In its eastern part, the street runs through Bydgoszcz oldest settlement, which included Bydgoszcz's early medieval castle from the castellany era and
2650-471: Was constructed in 1927–1928 to accommodate the growing number of the Polish Catholic community in Bydgoszcz after the city rejoined Poland in 1920. Pastor Tadeusz Skarbek-Malczewski wanted to improve dramatically the modest original rectory housing at Focha Street 11 and thus planned to build a house designed for meetings and educational activities for Catholics in Bydgoszcz. The plot selected at Grodzka 1
2703-681: Was once common in Lincolnshire . Pierrotage is the infilling material used in French Vernacular architecture of the Southern United States to infill between half-timbering with diagonal braces, which is similar to daub. It is usually made of lime mortar clay mixed with small stones. It is also called bousillage or bouzillage, especially in French Vernacular architecture of Louisiana of the early 1700s. The materials of bousillage are Spanish moss or clay and grass. Bousillage also refers to
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#17328517490822756-551: Was owned by the church and the architect selected was Stefan Cybichowski from Poznań, builder of many monasteries in Greater Poland and Pomerania . The construction was financed from social contributions and with the help of local authorities. The consecration of the Catholic House by Tadeusz Skarbek-Malczewski happened on March 11, 1927. The ground floor housed a reading room and a hall room for 240 seats, while upstairs were
2809-547: Was transferred to the municipal market hall in Podwale Street , but the fish market still sold salted herring in barrels and pottery. Wattle and daub Wattle and daub is a composite building method used for making walls and buildings, in which a woven lattice of wooden strips called " wattle " is "daubed" with a sticky material usually made of some combination of wet soil, clay, sand, animal dung and straw. Wattle and daub has been used for at least 6,000 years and
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