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69-476: Several city parks and golf courses are also located within the Greenway on each side of the river. Other amenities include wildlife observation areas, a state campground, fishing areas, interpretive displays, wildflower gardens, and fields for various athletics including softball, basketball, and disc golf . The Greenway was developed after the devastating Red River Flood of 1997 . The land encompasses large areas of

138-559: A Lydian word for "double-bladed axe". Arthur Evans , who excavated the Minoan palace of Knossos in Crete early in the 20th century, suggested that the ruins there inspired the story of the labyrinth, and since the double axe motif appears in the palace ruins, he asserted that labyrinth could be understood to mean "the house of the double axe". The same symbol, however, was discovered in other palaces in Crete . Nilsson observed that in Crete

207-415: A flying disc sport in which players throw a disc at a target ; it is played using rules similar to golf . The sport is usually played on a course with 9 or 18 holes (baskets). Players complete a hole by throwing a disc from a tee pad or tee area toward a basket, throwing again from where the previous throw came to rest, until the basket is reached. The baskets are formed by wire with hanging chains above

276-434: A National Time Aloft record. Ed Headrick , also known as "Steady" Ed Headrick, (June 28, 1924 – August 12, 2002) was an American toy inventor. He is most well known as the father of both the modern-day Frisbee and of the sport and game of disc golf. In 1975, Headrick's tenure at Wham-O where he helped redesign the flying disc known as the frisbee ended, and ties between Headrick and Wham-O eventually split. Headrick left

345-546: A contemporary of Daedalus, together with the historical mid-sixth-century BC architects and sculptors Rhoikos and Theodoros as two of the makers of the Lemnian labyrinth, which Andrew Stewart regards as "evidently a misunderstanding of the Samian temple's location en limnais ['in the marsh']." According to Pliny, the Tomb of Lars Porsena contained an underground maze. Pliny's description of

414-458: A critical factor in course design, and are careful to minimize the danger of being hit by a flying disc while providing designs that create strategy in play and variety in shots for enjoyment. Holes are designed to require a range of different throws to challenge players with different strengths or particular skills. Many courses are central organizing points for local disc golf clubs, and some include shops selling disc golf equipment. More than 80% of

483-608: A distinction between the two. In this specialized usage, maze refers to a complex branching multicursal puzzle with choices of path and direction, while a unicursal labyrinth has only a single path to the center. A labyrinth in this sense has an unambiguous route to the center and back and presents no navigational challenge. Unicursal labyrinths appeared as designs on pottery or basketry , as body art , and in etchings on walls of caves or churches. The Romans created many primarily decorative unicursal designs on walls and floors in tile or mosaic . Many labyrinths set in floors or on

552-689: A dolmen shrine in the Nilgiri Mountains , but are difficult to date accurately. Securely datable examples begin to appear only around 250 BC. Early labyrinths in India typically follow the Classical pattern or a local variant of it; some have been described as plans of forts or cities. Labyrinths appear in Indian manuscripts and Tantric texts from the 17th century onward. They are often called " Chakravyuha " in reference to an impregnable battle formation described in

621-457: A group of some 13 stone labyrinths on 0.4 km area of one small island. Local archaeologists have speculated that these labyrinths may be 2,000–3,000 years old, though most researchers remain dubious. The 7-course "Classical" or "Cretan" pattern known from Cretan coins (ca 400–200 BC) appears in several examples from antiquity, some perhaps as early as the late Stone Age or early Bronze Age. Roman floor mosaics typically unite four copies of

690-481: A labyrinth according to Sumatran Bataks , and Europeans say it is the home of a rogue. One can think of labyrinths as symbolic of pilgrimage : people walking the path ascend toward salvation or enlightenment. Mystical teachings in traditions across centuries suggest that they can also be understood as coded maps of the spiritual path. Many labyrinths have been constructed recently in churches, hospitals, and parks. These are often used for contemplation; walking among

759-686: A labyrinth, called "the Pattern," which grants those who walk it the power to move between parallel worlds. In Rick Riordan 's series Percy Jackson & the Olympians , the events of the fourth novel, The Battle of the Labyrinth , predominantly take place within the labyrinth of Daedalus, which has followed the heart of the West to settle beneath the United States. Ursula K. Le Guin used an underground labyrinth in

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828-492: A large playground. The playground was largely destroyed by a fire in the spring of 2011. Griggs Park includes school athletic fields and a boat ramp for access to the rivers. O'Leary Park is a heavily wooded park that sometimes attracts wildlife. The park also includes athletic fields, picnic facilities, and a playground. On the extreme north side of the Greenway in Grand Forks is the 18-hole Valley Golf Course. The construction of

897-477: A playground, restrooms, and picnic areas. The park was recently renamed Kannowski Park in honor of Frances Kannowski , superintendent of the Grand Forks Park District from 1933 to 1953. Kannowski was the first female superintendent of a park district in the United States. Lincoln Drive Park is located further south, within the area of the former Lincoln Drive neighborhood. The residential neighborhood

966-991: A pole sticking out of the ground. Most disc golf courses have 9 or 18 holes, and exceptions most often have holes in multiples of three. Courses with 6, 10, 12, 21, 24 or 27 holes are not uncommon. The PDGA recommends that courses average 200–400 ft (61–122 m) per hole, with holes no shorter than 100 ft (30 m). The longest holes in the world measure more than 1,500 ft (460 m) long. Course designers use trees, bushes, elevation changes, water hazards, and distance variation, along with out-of-bounds zones and mandatory flight paths (often referred to as "Mandos") to make each hole challenging and unique. Many courses include multiple tee positions or multiple target positions to cater to players of different ability levels. Most disc golf courses are built in more natural and less manicured environments than golf and require minimal maintenance, although some courses aim for pristine conditions. Professional course designers consider safety

1035-461: A relation with Greek λαύρα ('narrow street'). When the Bronze Age site at Knossos was excavated by archaeologist Arthur Evans , the complexity of the architecture prompted him to suggest that the palace had been the Labyrinth of Daedalus. Evans found various bull motifs, including an image of a man leaping over the horns of a bull , as well as depictions of a labrys carved into the walls. On

1104-470: A ritual Easter dance along the path on Easter Sunday. Some labyrinths may have originated as allusions to the Holy City ; and some modern writers have theorized that prayers and devotions may have accompanied the perambulation of their intricate paths. Although some books (in particular guidebooks) suggest that the mazes on cathedral floors served as substitutes for pilgrimage paths, the earliest attested use of

1173-606: A snack bar, pro shop, and restrooms. To the east of Lincoln Golf Course is the Pat Owens pedestrian bridge. Named after the mayor of Grand Forks during the 1997 flood, the bridge crosses the river to connect to the Greenway in East Grand Forks, Minnesota . The portion of the Greenway that runs through Downtown Grand Forks is landscaped and carefully maintained (an irrigation system has recently been installed). A set of brick gateways and flags on both sides of DeMers Avenue celebrate

1242-453: Is a popular site for sledding in the winter. Lincoln Golf Course is located along Belmont Road within the Greenway. The course, established in 1909, is the oldest golf course in North Dakota . Lincoln has many large, established trees. Formerly an 18-hole course, it was redeveloped as a par 35, 9-hole course, due to requirements of area needed for dike construction. A small clubhouse features

1311-668: Is also treated in contemporary fine arts . Examples include Piet Mondrian 's Pier and Ocean (1915), Joan Miró 's Labyrinth (1923), Pablo Picasso 's Minotauromachy (1935), M. C. Escher 's Relativity (1953), Friedensreich Hundertwasser 's Labyrinth (1957), Jean Dubuffet 's Logological Cabinet (1970), Richard Long 's Connemara sculpture (1971), Joe Tilson 's Earth Maze (1975), Richard Fleischner 's Chain Link Maze (1978), István Orosz 's Atlantis Anamorphosis (2000), Dmitry Rakov 's Labyrinth (2003), and drawings by contemporary American artist Mo Morales employing what

1380-473: Is located directly west of Sherlock Park, in the former Sherlock Park residential neighborhood. Inundated during the Red River Flood of 1997, all homes and other structures in the neighborhood were severely damaged and were demolished. This area is now part of the Greenway. Both city and state agencies own and operate areas of the Greenway. On the Grand Forks side, the city of Grand Forks owns all land within

1449-601: Is played in about 40 countries and, as of April 26, 2023, there are 107,853 active members of the Professional Disc Golf Association (PDGA) worldwide. Modern disc golf started in the early 1960s, but there is debate over who came up with the idea first. The consensus is that multiple groups of people played independently throughout the 1960s. Students at Rice University in Houston, Texas, for example, held tournaments with trees as targets as early as 1964, and in

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1518-511: Is retained in the center of several medieval examples. The Chartres pattern (named for its appearance in Chartres Cathedral ) is the most common medieval design; it appears in manuscripts as early as the 9th century. When the early humanist Benzo d'Alessandria visited Verona before 1310, he noted the " Laberinthum which is now called the Arena "; perhaps he was seeing the cubiculi beneath

1587-606: The Labyrinth ( Ancient Greek : λαβύρινθος , romanized :  Labúrinthos ) is an elaborate, confusing structure designed and built by the legendary artificer Daedalus for King Minos of Crete at Knossos . Its function was to hold the Minotaur , the monster eventually killed by the hero Theseus . Daedalus had so cunningly made the Labyrinth that he could barely escape it after he built it. Although early Cretan coins occasionally exhibit branching (multicursal) patterns,

1656-536: The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources . This 1,200-acre (4.9 km) section is called the Red River State Recreation Area . 47°55′34″N 97°01′41″W  /  47.92611°N 97.02806°W  / 47.92611; -97.02806 Disc golf ‹The template Manual is being considered for merging .›   Disc golf , also known as frisbee golf , is

1725-476: The floodplain along the rivers, which are subject to seasonal flooding, often severe. These areas had previously been developed for residential and business uses, much of which were damaged or destroyed in the 1997 flood, with major property losses. To protect the communities, a massive new dike system was built. It required removal of several residential areas on both sides of the river, most of which had been inundated and severely damaged. The Greenway includes

1794-457: The 150th anniversary of the Underground. The plaques were installed over a 16-month period in 2013 and 2014, and each is numbered according to its position in the route taken by the contestants in the 2009 Guinness World Record Tube Challenge . Prehistoric labyrinths may have served as traps for malevolent spirits or as paths for ritual dances. Many Roman and Christian labyrinths appear at

1863-495: The Cretan capital in the 1st century AD, were called labyrinthos . Pliny 's Natural History gives four examples of ancient labyrinths: the Cretan labyrinth, an Egyptian labyrinth, a Lemnian labyrinth, and an Italian labyrinth. These are all complex underground structures, and this appears to have been the standard Classical understanding of the word. Beekes also finds the relation with labrys speculative, and suggests instead

1932-511: The Grand Forks portion of the Greenway. These parks are maintained by the Grand Forks Park District . At the far north side of the Greenway is Riverside Park. This is one of the oldest parks in the city of Grand Forks and is a focal point for the northern portion of the Greenway. The park features a playground, restrooms, several picnic sites and an outdoor pool. North of Riverside Park is the Riverside Dam. This dam has been reconfigured since

2001-460: The Greenway. The Grand Forks Park District is responsible for managing and maintaining four park areas of Lincoln Golf Course, Riverside Park, Kannowski Park (formerly Central Park), and Lincoln Drive Park. On the East Grand Forks side, the city of East Grand Forks owns a 200-acre (0.81 km) section of the Greenway in the downtown area. All other land on the East Grand Forks side is owned by

2070-423: The Greenway. These trail heads offer breaks in the dikes or floodwalls so that pedestrians can access the Greenway. Most of these trail heads offer paved parking lots for access, and many also offer public restroom facilities. Other amenities at select trail heads include picnic areas and playgrounds. (listed from north to south) (listed from north to south) Several designated park spaces have been established in

2139-925: The North American and European continents, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Korea have the most courses. There are disc golf courses on every continent, including 24 in Latin America, 8 in Africa, and one in Antarctica. Åland has been defined as the world's largest single disc golf park, with one course in each of the 16 municipalities of Åland. * indicates "Disc golf in COUNTRY or TERRITORY" links. Labyrinth In Greek mythology ,

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2208-591: The Skotino cave, these caverns have smooth walls and columns, and appear to have been at least partially man-made. This site corresponds to a labyrinth symbol on a 16th-century map of Crete in a book of maps in the library of Christ Church, Oxford . A map of the caves themselves was produced by the French in 1821. The site was also used by German soldiers to store ammunition during the Second World War . Howarth's investigation

2277-574: The ancient Mahabharata epic. Lanka, the capital city of mythic Rāvana, is described as a labyrinth in the 1910 translation of Al-Beruni 's India (c. 1030 AD) p. 306 (with a diagram on the following page). By the White Sea , notably on the Solovetsky Islands , there have been preserved more than 30 stone labyrinths. The most remarkable monument is the Stone labyrinths of Bolshoi Zayatsky Island –

2346-488: The area of floodplain between these new dikes and the rivers. Today, the Greenway serves the dual purpose of providing recreational opportunities throughout the year for metropolitan area residents, and being part of the regional flood prevention program. Its trees and greenery can absorb some of floodwaters naturally. The dikes provide another level of protection to hold back river waters from the built-up city areas beyond. A series of "trail heads" exist at various points along

2415-405: The arena's missing floor. The full flowering of the medieval labyrinth came about from the twelfth through fourteenth centuries with the grand pavement labyrinths of the gothic cathedrals, notably Chartres , Reims and Amiens in northern France. The symbolism or purpose behind these is unclear, and may have varied from one installation to the next. Descriptions survive of French clerics performing

2484-480: The artist calls "Labyrinthine projection." The Italian painter Davide Tonato has dedicated many of his artistic works to the labyrinth theme. In modern imagery, the labyrinth of Daedalus is often represented by a multicursal maze, in which one may become lost. Mark Wallinger has created a set of 270 enamel plaques of unicursal labyrinth designs, one for every tube station in the London Underground , to mark

2553-401: The basket, designed to catch the incoming discs, which then fall into the basket. Usually, the number of throws a player uses to reach each basket is tallied (often in relation to par ), and players seek to complete each hole in the lowest number of total throws. Par is the number of strokes an expert player is expected to make for a given hole or a group of holes (usually 9 or 18). The game

2622-546: The classical labyrinth (or a similar pattern) interlinked around the center, squared off as the medium requires, but still recognisable. An image of the Minotaur or an allusion to the legend of the Minotaur appears at the center of many of these mosaic labyrinths. The four-axis medieval patterns may have developed from the Roman model, but are more varied in how the four quadrants of the design are traced out. The Minotaur or other danger

2691-555: The classical: it is radial in design, and the entrance is at the top, where traditional labyrinths have the entrance at the bottom (see below). The earliest appearances cannot be dated securely; the oldest is commonly dated to the 17th century. Unsubstantiated claims have been made for the early appearance of labyrinth figures in India, such as a prehistoric petroglyph on a riverbank in Goa purportedly dating to circa 2500 BC. Other examples have been found among cave art in northern India and on

2760-474: The company to start out on his own to focus all his efforts on his new interest, which he coined and trademarked "Disc Golf". In 1976, "Steady" Ed Headrick and his son Ken Headrick started the first disc golf company, the Disc Golf Association (DGA). The purpose of DGA was to manufacture discs and baskets and to formalize the sport. The first disc golf target was Ed's pole hole design which consisted of

2829-515: The connection to the Greenway. The area south of the Sorlie Bridge (DeMers Avenue) features a monument overlooking the Red River. It shows the heights of past floods, surpassed by far by that of 1997. A wide set of stairs and terraced levels of ground lead down to the monument. This area also had a labyrinth designed and installed. North of the Sorlie Bridge is another set of stairs leading down to

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2898-556: The courses listed on Disc Golf Course Review are listed as public and free to play. Three countries account for 85% of all disc golf courses worldwide: the United States (75%), Finland (7%) and Canada (3%). Other notable countries include Sweden and Estonia , which has the highest density of disc golf courses per km of dry land of any country and the second-highest number of courses per capita. Iceland and Finland have 150 and 111 courses per million inhabitants, respectively. Outside

2967-621: The double axe is not a weapon and always accompanies goddesses or women and not a male god. The association with "labrys" lost some traction when Linear B was deciphered in the 1950s, and an apparent Mycenaean Greek rendering of "labyrinth" appeared as da-pu₂-ri-to ( 𐀅𐀢𐀪𐀵 ). This may be related to the Minoan word du-pu₂-re , which appears in Linear A on libation tablets and in connection with Mount Dikte and Mount Ida , both of which are associated with caverns. Caverns near Gortyna ,

3036-801: The early 1960s, players in Pendleton King Park in Augusta, Georgia , would toss Frisbees into 50-gallon barrel trash cans designated as targets. In 1968 Frisbee Golf was also played in Alameda Park in Santa Barbara, California , by teenagers in the Anacapa and Sola street areas. Gazebos, water fountains, lamp posts, and trees were all part of the course. This took place for several years and an Alameda Park collectors edition disc still exists, though rare, as few were made. Clifford Towne from this group went on to hold

3105-461: The entrances of buildings, suggesting that they may have served a similar apotropaic purpose. In their cross-cultural study of signs and symbols, Patterns that Connect , Carl Schuster and Edmund Carpenter present various forms of the labyrinth and suggest various possible meanings, including not only a sacred path to the home of a sacred ancestor, but also, perhaps, a representation of the ancestor him/herself: "...many [New World] Indians who make

3174-578: The exposed portion of the tomb is intractable; Pliny, it seems clear, had not observed this structure himself, but is quoting the historian and Roman antiquarian Varro . A design essentially identical to the 7-course "classical" pattern appeared in Native American culture, the Tohono O'odham people labyrinth which features I'itoi , the "Man in the Maze." The Tonoho O'odham pattern has two distinct differences from

3243-400: The flood control system required a major reconfiguration of the golf course. The complex includes a club house with banquet facilities. In East Grand Forks, the downtown portion of the flood control system is not made of earthen dikes. A flood wall is installed piece-by-piece during floods. This allows people in downtown East Grand Forks to have a direct view of the Red River. The "dry side" of

3312-414: The flood of 1997 and now includes a waterfall called Riverside Rapids. The Riverside Rapids area includes boat access to the Red River and a pedestrian walking bridge that connects the Grand Forks and East Grand Forks sides of the Greenway. Formerly called Central Park, Kannowski Park is located just south of Downtown Grand Forks. It is another park established early in city history. The small park features

3381-605: The flood wall is an area called The Boardwalk, a brick path lined with several restaurants and bars to take advantage of the river view. On the "wet side" of the flood wall (in the Greenway) is an area called Rotary Park, which includes a fountain. Located just north of downtown East Grand Forks is a campground. Operated by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources , it is in the Red River State Recreation Area . The campground features 48 camp sites with water, electric, and sewer hookups; and 36 camp sites without hookups. The campground

3450-412: The ground are large enough that the path can be walked. Unicursal patterns have been used historically both in group ritual and for private meditation, and are increasingly found for therapeutic use in hospitals and hospices. Labyrinth is a word of pre-Greek origin whose derivation and meaning are uncertain. Maximillian Mayer suggested as early as 1892 that labyrinthos might derive from labrys ,

3519-403: The labyrinth regard it as a sacred symbol, a beneficial ancestor, a deity. In this they may be preserving its original meaning: the ultimate ancestor, here evoked by two continuous lines joining its twelve primary joints." Schuster also observes the common theme of the labyrinth being a refuge for a trickster; in India, the demon Ravana has dominion over labyrinths, the trickster Djonaha lives in

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3588-460: The labyrinth's coils might ensure a safe fishing expedition. There are also stone labyrinths on the Isles of Scilly , although none is known to date from before the nineteenth century. There are examples of labyrinths in many disparate cultures. The symbol has appeared in various forms and media ( petroglyphs , classic-form, medieval-form, pavement, turf, and basketry) at some time throughout most parts of

3657-493: The labyrinth. Oxford University geographer Nicholas Howarth believes that "Evans's hypothesis that the palace of Knossos is also the Labyrinth must be treated sceptically." Howarth and his team conducted a search of an underground complex known as the Skotino cave but concluded that it was formed naturally. Another contender is a series of tunnels at Gortyn , accessed by a narrow crack but expanding into interlinking caverns. Unlike

3726-613: The many turf mazes in the UK, such as survive at Wing , Hilton , Alkborough , and Saffron Walden . Over the same general period, some 500 or more non-ecclesiastical labyrinths were constructed in Scandinavia . These labyrinths, generally in coastal areas, are marked out with stones, most often in the simple 7- or 11-course classical forms. They often have names which translate as " Troy Town ." They are thought to have been constructed by fishing communities: trapping malevolent trolls or winds in

3795-581: The mythological Labyrinth from the Roman era until the Renaissance are almost invariably unicursal. Branching mazes were reintroduced only when hedge mazes became popular during the Renaissance. In English, the term labyrinth is generally synonymous with maze . As a result of the long history of unicursal representation of the mythological Labyrinth, however, many contemporary scholars and enthusiasts observe

3864-456: The phrase "chemin de Jerusalem" (path to Jerusalem) dates to the late 18th century when it was used to describe mazes at Reims and Saint-Omer . The accompanying ritual, depicted in Romantic illustrations as involving pilgrims following the maze on their knees while praying, may have been practiced at Chartres during the 17th century. The cathedral labyrinths are thought to be the inspiration for

3933-535: The river. Referred to as the "Community Green," this area features many trees and shrubs, a small gazebo, and parking. The Grand Forks Town Square is located directly adjacent to the Greenway, at the corner of DeMers Avenue and Third Street. Town Square features an amphitheater. It is the site of many community events throughout the year, including the Grand Cities Art Fest each June and the Farmers' Market during

4002-476: The second book of her Earthsea series, The Tombs of Atuan , in which the series hero Ged is captured by the book's protagonist Tenar on his trip to the Kargish Empire – the spiritual power of the "Nameless Ones" is vested at least in part in the labyrinth. Australian author Sara Douglass incorporated some labyrinthine ideas in her series The Troy Game , in which the Labyrinth on Crete is one of several in

4071-443: The single-path (unicursal) seven-course "Classical" design without branching or dead ends became associated with the Labyrinth on coins as early as 430 BC, and similar non-branching patterns became widely used as visual representations of the Labyrinth – even though both logic and literary descriptions make it clear that the Minotaur was trapped in a complex branching maze. Even as the designs became more elaborate, visual depictions of

4140-472: The strength of a passage in the Iliad , it has been suggested that the palace was the site of a dancing-ground made for Ariadne by the craftsman Daedalus , where young men and women, of the age of those sent to Crete as prey for the Minotaur, would dance together. By extension, in popular legend the palace is associated with the myth of the Minotaur. In the 2000s, archaeologists explored other potential sites of

4209-520: The summer months. The East Grand Forks side of the Greenway has three distinct parks: Sherlock Park near downtown East Grand Forks, Griggs Park near the "Point" at the confluence of the Red River and Red Lake River , and O'Leary Park on the banks of the Red Lake River in the southern part of the city. Sherlock Park includes the only city-owned pool in East Grand Forks, as well as picnic facilities and

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4278-633: The third episode, "And The Horns of a Dilemma", of The Librarians . See Labyrinth (disambiguation) for a further list of titles. The Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges was entranced with the idea of the labyrinth, and used it extensively in his short stories (such as "The House of Asterion" in The Aleph ). His use of it has inspired other authors (e.g. Umberto Eco 's The Name of the Rose , Mark Z. Danielewski's House of Leaves ). Additionally, Roger Zelazny 's fantasy series The Chronicles of Amber features

4347-709: The turnings, one loses track of direction and of the outside world, and thus quiets the mind. Labyrinths have on various occasions been used in Christian tradition as a part of worship. The earliest known example is from a fourth-century pavement at the Basilica of St Reparatus, at Orleansville, Algeria, with the words "Sancta Eclesia" [ sic ] at the center, though it is unclear how it might have been used in worship. In medieval times, labyrinths began to appear on church walls and floors around 1000 AD. The most famous medieval labyrinth, with great influence on later practice,

4416-504: The video game industry, and countless video games include such a feature. For example, the 1994 video game Marathon features many maze-like passages the player must navigate. A number of film, game, and music creations feature labyrinths. For instance, the avant-garde multi-screen film In the Labyrinth presents a search for meaning in a symbolic modern labyrinth. The well-received 2006 film Pan's Labyrinth draws heavily upon labyrinth legend for symbolism. A magical labyrinth appears in

4485-594: The world, from Native North and South America to Australia, Java , India, and Nepal . Starting in the late 20th century, there has been a resurgence of interest in labyrinths and a revival in labyrinth building, of both unicursal and multicursal patterns. Approximately 6,000 labyrinths have been registered with the Worldwide Labyrinth Locator; these are located around the world in private properties, libraries, schools, gardens, and recreational areas, as well as famous temples and cathedrals. The labyrinth

4554-659: Was created in Chartres Cathedral . The use of labyrinths has recently been revived in some contexts of Christian worship. Many churches in Europe and North America have constructed permanent, typically unicursal, labyrinths, or employ temporary ones (e.g., painted on canvas or outlined with candles). For example, a labyrinth was set up on the floor of St Paul's Cathedral for a week in March 2000. Some conservative Christians disapprove of labyrinths, considering them pagan practices or " New Age " fads. Labyrinths and mazes have been embraced by

4623-523: Was destroyed in antiquity and can only be partially reconstructed. During the nineteenth century, the remains of this ancient Egyptian structure were discovered at Hawara in the Faiyum Oasis by Flinders Petrie at the foot of the pyramid of the twelfth-dynasty pharaoh Amenemhat III (reigned c. 1860 BC to c. 1814 BC). Pliny the Elder 's Natural History (36.90) lists the legendary Smilis , reputed to be

4692-413: Was inundated during the 1997 flood and had to be almost entirely demolished. Lincoln Drive Park features a warming house, which is rented out for private parties; large picnic facilities, playgrounds, a wildflower garden, historic displays about the former neighborhood, and a disc golf course. Just south of Lincoln Drive Park is a steep stretch of the dike, which is known as "the sledding hill." This "hill"

4761-561: Was shown on a documentary produced for the National Geographic Channel . In Book II of his Histories , Herodotus applies the term "labyrinth" to a building complex in Egypt "near the place called the City of Crocodiles ", that he considered to surpass the pyramids . The structure, which may have been a collection of funerary temples such as are commonly found near Egyptian pyramids,

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