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35-687: Although rail lines were built in Texas, high freight prices for stock continued to make it more profitable to drive cattle north to the major east-west lines in Kansas. In 1874, Captain John T. Lytle left his ranch in Medina County, Texas , with Tom M. McDaniel, according to Gary and Margaret Kraisinger, "to deliver 3,500 head of aged steers to the Red Cloud Indian Agency in unpopulated western Nebraska. Lytle had

70-526: A Superior Court and Sheriff (as an officer of the court ), both located in a designated "shire town". Bennington County, Vermont has two shire towns; the court for "North Shire" is in the shire town Manchester , and the Sheriff for the county and court for "South Shire" are in the shire town Bennington. In 2024, Connecticut , which had not defined their counties for anything but statistical, historical and weather warning purposes since 1960, along with ending

105-410: A county seat may be an independent city surrounded by, but not part of, the county of which it is the administrative center; for example, Fairfax City is both the county seat of Fairfax County, Virginia and completely surrounded by Fairfax County, but the city is politically independent of the county. When the county seat is in the independent city, government offices such as the courthouse may be in

140-625: A day to complete the dam in two years. Medina County is part of the San Antonio , TX Metropolitan Statistical Area . The county is named after the Medina River, which was named in 1689 after the Spanish cartographer Pedro de Medina by the Spanish explorer Alonso de Leon , the first European to encounter the river. Because Pedro de Medina derived his surname from the Andalusian city of Medina-Sidonia ,

175-455: A government contract with the newly established agency and needed to establish a new route. The route that Lytle blazed across Texas (via Fort Griffin ), Indian Territory (via Camp Supply ), and by way of Dodge City, Kansas was followed by other outfits and became known as the Western Trail." The 1875 Kansas quarantine law would eventually shut down eastern Kansas rail depots, which led to

210-427: A household in the county was $ 36,063, and the median income for a family was $ 40,288. Males had a median income of $ 27,045 versus $ 21,734 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 15,210. About 12.00% of families and 15.40% of the population were below the poverty line , including 19.80% of those under age 18 and 15.60% of those age 65 or over. School districts include: The designated community college

245-626: A major field of research in Chinese historical geography, especially from the 1960s to the 1980s. There are 1,355 counties in Mainland China out of a total of 2,851 county-level divisions. In Taiwan , the first counties were first established in 1661 by the Kingdom of Tungning . The later ruler Qing empire inherited this type of administrative divisions. With the increase of Han Chinese population in Taiwan,

280-438: Is Southwest Texas Junior College . [REDACTED] Media related to Medina County, Texas at Wikimedia Commons 29°21′N 99°07′W  /  29.35°N 99.11°W  / 29.35; -99.11 County seat A county seat is an administrative center, seat of government , or capital city of a county or civil parish . The term is in use in five countries: Canada , China , Hungary , Romania , and

315-409: Is known as the seat of its county. Generally, the county legislature, county courthouse, sheriff's department headquarters, hall of records, jail and correctional facility are located in the county seat, though some functions (such as highway maintenance, which usually requires a large garage for vehicles, along with asphalt and salt storage facilities) may also be located or conducted in other parts of

350-578: Is the oldest in Wilbarger County , and is open for tours during the picnic. In 2004, according to the Kraisingers, " Rotary International started to mark the Western Cattle Trail in its full length from Matamoras, Texas , area to Val Marie , Canada." Medina County, Texas Medina County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas . As of the 2020 census , its population

385-618: The Panhandle-Plains Historical Museum in Canyon , Texas, which depicts longhorns and a cowboy crossing the Red River at Doan's Crossing. There the postmaster Corwin F. Doan (1848-1929) also operated a store to supply the cowboys. Bugbee's sculpture is part of the 1931 Trail Drivers Monument at Doans. During the event, riders cross the river each year from Oklahoma and usually arrive just before noon. The adobe house, built in 1881,

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420-552: The Republic of China took over. There are 13 county seats in Taiwan, which function as county-administered cities , urban townships , or rural townships . In most of the United States , a county is an administrative or political subdivision of a state that consists of a geographic area with specific boundaries and usually some level of governmental authority. The city, town, or populated place that houses county government

455-445: The United States . An equivalent term, shire town , is used in the U.S. state of Vermont and in several other English-speaking jurisdictions. In Canada , the provinces of Ontario , Quebec , New Brunswick , Prince Edward Island , and Nova Scotia have counties as an administrative division of government below the provincial level, and thus county seats. In the provinces of Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia

490-508: The Eastern Han dynasty , the number of counties increased to above 1,000. About 1400 existed when the Sui dynasty abolished the commandery level (郡 jùn), which was the level just above counties, and demoted some commanderies to counties. In Imperial China, the county was a significant administrative unit because it marked the lowest level of the imperial bureaucratic structure; in other words, it

525-935: The United States, followed by Towson , the county seat of Baltimore County, Maryland . Likewise, some county seats may not be incorporated in their own right, but are located within incorporated municipalities. For example, Cape May Court House, New Jersey , though unincorporated, is a section of Middle Township , an incorporated municipality. In some states, often those that were among the original Thirteen Colonies , county seats include or formerly included "Court House" as part of their name, such as Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia . Most counties have only one county seat. However, some counties in Alabama , Arkansas , Georgia , Iowa , Kentucky , Massachusetts , Mississippi , Missouri , New Hampshire , New York , and Vermont have two or more county seats, usually located on opposite sides of

560-488: The county very frequently. The last Indian raid of the county happened on April 22, 1877, when 19 year old Joe Wilton was killed by Indians near Devine, Texas . According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 1,335 square miles (3,460 km ), of which 1,325 square miles (3,430 km ) is land and 9.2 square miles (24 km ) (0.7%) is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 39,304 people, 12,880 households, and 10,136 families residing in

595-418: The county, especially if it is geographically large. A county seat is usually an incorporated municipality . The exceptions include the county seats of counties that have no incorporated municipalities within their borders, such as Arlington County, Virginia , where the county seat is the entire county. Ellicott City , the county seat of Howard County, Maryland , is the largest unincorporated county seat in

630-420: The county. Examples include Harrison County, Mississippi , which has both Biloxi and Gulfport as county seats, and Hinds County, Mississippi , which has both Raymond and the state capital of Jackson . The practice of multiple county seat towns dates from the days when travel was difficult. There have been few efforts to eliminate the two-seat arrangement, since a county seat is a source of civic pride for

665-412: The county. The population density was 30 people per square mile (12 people/km ). There were 14,826 housing units at an average density of 11 units per square mile (4.2/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 79.38% White , 2.20% Black or African American , 0.68% Native American , 0.33% Asian , 0.05% Pacific Islander , 14.48% from other races , and 2.88% from two or more races. 45.47% of

700-567: The development of Dodge City and Ogallala, Nebraska as cattle towns. From 1875 until 1880, the Chisholm Trail, also referred to as the Eastern Trail, became a feeder route into the Western Trail. Western Trail feeder routes extended from Brownsville, Texas , through San Antonio , Bandera, Texas , and the Kerrville area . The Red River was crossed at Doan's Crossing. In 1881, Doan noted that

735-485: The first post south of the city at Altus . Texas placed its first marker at the Doan's adobe house during the 121st Doan's May Day Picnic of 2005, an event that had been held annually at the now- ghost town of Doans, north of Vernon . A barbecue lunch and T-shirts are available for purchase, and a king and queen are crowned at the event. One of the shirts for 2017 features a design by Harold Dow Bugbee , former curator of

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770-611: The independent city under an agreement, such as in Albemarle , or may in be enclaves of the county surrounded by the independent city, such as in Fairfax . Others, such as Prince William , have the courthouse in an enclave surrounded by the independent city and have the county government, the Board of Supervisors, in a different part of the county, far from the county seat. The following counties have their county seat in an independent city: Bedford

805-449: The name Medina comes from the Arabic for city. The Texas Legislature formed Medina county on February 12, 1848, and enlarged it on February 1, 1850, using land taken from Bexar County . Castroville was the county seat, and the county erected the first permanent courthouse there in 1854. The county seat moved to Hondo in 1892, and a new courthouse was completed there in 1893. The county

840-542: The number of counties also grew by time. By the end of Qing era, there were 11 counties in Taiwan. Protestant missionaries in China first romanized the term as hien . When Taiwan became a Japanese colony in 1895, the hierarchy of divisions also incorporated into the Japanese system in the period when Taiwan was under Japanese rule. By September 1945, Taiwan was divided into 8 prefectures ( 州 and 廳 ), which remained after

875-442: The population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 12,880 households, out of which 39.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.20% were married couples living together, 11.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.30% were non-families. 18.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

910-764: The state's area, has no borough government or borough seat. One borough, the Lake and Peninsula Borough , has its borough seat located in another borough, namely King Salmon in Bristol Bay Borough . In Louisiana , which is divided into parishes rather than counties, county seats are referred to as "parish seats". In New England , counties have served mainly as dividing lines for the states' judicial systems. Rhode Island has no county level of government and thus no county seats, and Massachusetts has dissolved many but not all of its county governments. In Vermont , Massachusetts , and Maine county government consists only of

945-700: The term "shire town" is used in place of county seat. County seats in China are the administrative centers of the counties in the People's Republic of China . Xian have existed since the Warring States period and were set up nationwide by the Qin dynasty . The number of counties in China proper gradually increased from dynasty to dynasty. As Qin Shi Huang reorganized the counties after his unification, there were about 1,000. Under

980-416: The towns involved, along with providing employment opportunities. There are 33 counties with multiple county seats in 11 states: Alaska is divided into boroughs rather than counties; the county seat in these case is referred to as the "borough seat"; this includes six consolidated city-borough governments (one of which is styled as a "municipality"). The Unorganized Borough, Alaska , which covers 49% of

1015-512: The trail reached its peak, with 301,000 head of cattle driven by. A western extension of the trail was used by the XIT Ranch for trail drives connecting Tascosa to Dodge City until 1885. Afterwards, the northern portion of the trail connected Buffalo Springs to the XIT range on Cedar Creek, 60 miles north of Miles City, Montana . The trail passed through Lamar , Kit Carson , and Lusk . That trail

1050-607: The use of county seats in particular, will fully transition with the permission of the United States Census Bureau to a system of councils of government for the purposes of boundary definition and as county equivalents. Two counties in South Dakota , Oglala Lakota and Todd , have their county seat and government services centered in a neighboring county. Their county-level services are provided by Fall River County and Tripp County , respectively. In Virginia ,

1085-403: Was 2.91 and the average family size was 3.30. In the county, the population was spread out, with 29.00% under the age of 18, 8.40% from 18 to 24, 28.70% from 25 to 44, 21.50% from 45 to 64, and 12.40% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.90 males. The median income for

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1120-696: Was 50,748. Its county seat is Hondo . The county is named for the Medina River . The extreme northern part of the county lies within the Edwards Plateau , which elevates into the Texas Hill Country . The Medina Dam , the fourth largest in the nation when completed in 1913, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . The irrigation project, creating Medina Lake , was built by 1500 skilled workers who worked in shifts operating 24 hours

1155-516: Was home to tribes such as the Lipan Apache , Coahuiltecan , and Tonkawa . The county was subject to frequent Comanche and Kiowa raids during the 1860s and 1870s. On a June 11, 1873 raid, Comanches attacked four settlers near Hondo. These raids were feared by the local residents, however by 1875, the raiding had stopped. However, although the Comanche were gone, there were still other tribes raiding

1190-574: Was the lowest level that the government reached. Government below the county level was often undertaken through informal non-bureaucratic means, varying between dynasties. The head of a county was the magistrate , who oversaw both the day-to-day operations of the county as well as civil and criminal cases. The current number of counties mostly resembled that of the later years of the Qing dynasty . Changes of location and names of counties in Chinese history have been

1225-593: Was used from 1886 until 1897. Over a period of 3 months, some 10,000 to 12,500 steers were moved from the Yellow Houses, at the south end of the XIT Ranch, 1000 miles north to Cedar Creek. There they would graze for two years before being shipped to Chicago. In 2003 a new project was launched in order to place cement markers every six to ten miles along the trail, from the Rio Grande to Ogallala , Nebraska . Oklahoma set

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