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125-422: The alliance is actively struggling against despotism, theocratic & fascist terrorism, and economic exploitation of smaller constituent units with a special focus on Sindh and its people, The alliance is poised to play a pivotal role in parliamentary politics of Pakistan, by contesting elections and undertaking formal activities in regional political process, It also claims that the people of Sindh are unhappy with

250-538: A social-democratic state, promoting egalitarian values, establishing social justice , and maintaining a strong military . It, alongside the Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz and the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf , is one of the three largest political parties of Pakistan. The Pakistan People’s Party Parliamentarians (PPPP) is a dynastic political party led by Asif Ali Zardari , who serves as

375-676: A two-party system developed, consisting of the People's Party and the Islamic Democratic Alliance , later succeeded by the Nawaz League . The party served as the principal opposition to the Gen. Pervez Musharraf -led military government from 1999 to 2008. The party conceded defeat during the 2013 general election , losing swathes of support in the Punjab Province where most of its base

500-501: A 20% decline in following years. Although Pakistan was able to win the war of 1965, but the Tashkent Declaration shocked the people of Pakistan due to their expectation of a Pakistani victory results and the decision of declaration. Ayub Khan fiercely defended the declaration and called it in the best interest of the people. This led to a confrontation between Ayub Khan and his Foreign Minister Zulifkar Ali Bhutto which led to

625-474: A circumscribed "Muslim state". Maududi agitating instead for an "Islamic state" covering the whole of India – this despite the fact, Muslims made up only about one quarter of India's population. Jamaat-e-Islami thus actively opposed the partition of India , with its leader Maulana Abul A'la Maududi arguing that concept violated the Islamic doctrine of the ummah . The Jamaat-e-Islami saw the partition as creating

750-466: A coalition government with Rahman as prime minister and Bhutto as president . However, the military was unaware of these developments, and Bhutto increased his pressure on Rahman to reach a decision. After the launch of military action in East Pakistan (see Operations Searchlight and Barisal ), the situation became unreconcilable . Bhutto and his supporters criticised Yahya Khan's handling of

875-560: A controversial trial found him guilty of murdering a political opponent, Bhutto was executed by hanging. In 1982, his daughter, Benazir Bhutto , was elected as the Peoples Party's co-chairperon alongside his wife, Nusrat Bhutto , who was elected in 1979. The People's Party headed the Movement for the Restoration of Democracy which was one of the largest non-violent democratic movements in

1000-509: A few years) were among the founders of Jamaat-e-Islami along with Syed Abul Ala Maududi. Maududi saw his group as a vanguard of Islamic revolution following the footsteps of early Muslims who gathered in Medina to found an Islamic state. JIP was and is strictly and hierarchically organised in a pyramid-like structure, working toward the common goal of establishing an ideological Islamic society, particularly though educational and social work, under

1125-472: A modernising agenda and opposed the encroachment of religion into politics. He banned political parties and warned Maududi against continued religio-political activism. JIP offices were closed down, funds were confiscated and Maududi was imprisoned in 1964 and 1967. JIP supported the opposition party, the Pakistan Democratic Movement (PDM). In the 1964–1965 presidential elections, JIP supported

1250-536: A news conference. Bhutto's passionate stance against Ayub's regime was hailed by leftist groups, leading him to attempt to find a suitable position for himself in the National Awami Party (NAP). Unable to succeed in this, Bhutto decided to launch his own political party. On 30 November 1967, a convention was held in Lahore , where democratic socialists and left-wing intellectuals gathered to meet with Bhutto at

1375-691: A public meeting at Nishtar Park , Karachi then conducted public meetings at Rawalpindi's Liaquat Bagh and NWFP . By the 1970s, the Pakistan Peoples Party had become the leading party of the Left in Pakistan , publishing its ideas in newspapers such as Nusrat , Fatah , and Mussawat . During the 1970 General Election , the People's Party dominated West Pakistani seats, defeating far-right and other right-of-centre forces in West-Pakistan , However,

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1500-609: A role in nominating candidates for elected office under state law. All administration, campaign, and party policies required complete permission from the CEC's co-chairman and the vice-chairmen. In its inception, the notable communists from the Communist Party and socialists of the defunct Socialist Party gathered to form the Peoples Party in 1967 by electing Zulfikar Ali Bhutto its first chairman. The Pakistan Peoples Party's leftist program remains far more successful and integrated in

1625-469: A single inch of it because like the other provinces, it belongs to Pakistan. He pledged to continue supporting Kashmiri freedom struggle morally and diplomatically...(.)". Jamaat-e-Islami (Pakistan) Political Militant [REDACTED] Islam portal Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan ( JIP ), is a Pakistani Islamist political party. It is the Pakistani successor to Jamaat-e-Islami , which

1750-623: A temporal border that would divide Muslims from one another. Jamaat-e-Islami was founded in colonial India on August 26, 1941 at Islamia Park in the city of Lahore , before the Partition of India . JIP began as an Islamist social and political movement. Seventy-five people attended the first meeting and became the first members of the movement. Maulana Amin Ahsan Islahi , Maulana Naeem Siddiqui , Maulana Muhammad Manzoor Naumanai and Maulana Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi (although he left after

1875-424: A three-year course to read for an MLit degree. Bhutto submitted his master thesis, containing a vast argumentative work on Nuclear strategic studies, where he advocated for Pakistan's approach to develop its nuclear deterrence program to counter Indian nuclear program. Since its establishment, the People's Party has produced prolific scientists-turned technocrats, including Farhatullah Babar , Mubashir Hassan , and

2000-547: Is a youth-led party organisation that attempts to mobilise the youth for Peoples Party candidates for the Youth Parliament . The group's Trotskyist - Marxist wing, " The Struggle ", which is internationally affiliated with International Marxist Tendency (IMT) pursues an entryist strategy by working inside party's student wing, the Peoples Students , a student-outreach organization with the goal of training and engaging

2125-597: Is known as the Hala Conference , there were two different opinions on participating in the upcoming general election . Some argued that the Party should not take part in elections but rather adopt methods of revolutionary insurrection to take power, whereas others emphasized the importance of partaking in parliamentary democracy . In the end, the decision to participate in the elections was taken. On 4 January 1970, Z.A. Bhutto officially launched his election campaign by addressing

2250-524: The Nishan-e-Imtiaz , as a gesture of political rehabilitation; the honor was publicly presented by President Asif Ali Zardari in a public ceremony. In 1995–1996, the People's Party under Benazir Bhutto's era opened computer literacy centres to provide the public with access to computers and technology. In 1990, they made Pakistan the first Muslim country to launch a satellite, Badr-I , they are also responsible for establishing, nurturing, and funding

2375-442: The 1977 election , JIP won nine of the 36 seats won by the opposition Pakistan National Alliance . The opposition considered the election rigged (Bhutto's PPP won 155 out of 200 seats) and Maududi, who had been arrested, called on Islamist parties to commence a campaign of civil disobedience . The Sunni -led government of Saudi Arabia intervened to secure Maududi's release from prison warning of revolution in Pakistan. JIP assisted

2500-663: The Ahmadiyya community to be non-Muslim . In 1973, Bhutto ordered an Army operation in the Baluchistan province against the government of the National Awami Party . In the 1977 general election , the People's Party won a landslide majority. However, the PNA -led opposition started demonstrations against alleged rigging in the elections. The opposition labelled Bhutto as a 'Kafir' (i.e., unislamic) and an alcoholic, to which Bhutto responded, by saying, "Yes, I drink alcohol, but I do not drink

2625-595: The Ahmadiyya , who the JIP believed should be declared non-Muslims. In March 1953, riots in Lahore started leading to looting, arson and the killing of at least 200 Ahmadis and the declaration of selective martial law . The military leader, Azam Khan had Maududi arrested and Rahimuddin Khan sentenced him to death for sedition (writing anti-Ahmadiyya pamphlets). Many JIP supporters were imprisoned during this time. The 1956 Constitution

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2750-658: The Bangladesh liberation war , JIP members may have collaborated with the Pakistani army. In 1968, Maulana Maududi took leave from Emarat of the Jamaat and Maulana Naeem Siddiqui became the Ameer of Jamat e Islami for one year. In 1969, Maulana took Charge of the Jamaat again. In 1972, Maududi resigned citing poor health, and Maulana Naeem Siddiqui refused to become the Ameer of the Jamaat due to his research activities. Thus, in October 1972,

2875-638: The Bhuttoists , the Parliamentarians and the Sherpaoists , with Bhuttoism becoming the most influential and powerful in Sindh . Internal opposition and disapproval of Benazir Bhutto's policies by her brother Murtaza Bhutto created a rift in their relations. Murtaza Bhutto was assassinated in 1996, with many pointing the finger of blame at his sister. Its effect on the Peoples Party was disastrous, whose government

3000-701: The Bonus Share Scheme allowing factory workers to own shares in their employers' companies); and a policy of strong relationships with the Muslim world . Just prior to the election, Nawabzada Nasrullah Khan left the alliance leaving JIP to run against the Pakistan Peoples Party and the Awami League . The party had a disappointing showing when it won only four seats in the National Assembly and four in

3125-518: The Electoral College of Pakistan , winning the Pakistan's presidential election on 5 September 2008. In April 2010, president Zardari voluntarily surrendered his political and presidential powers to prime minister Gillani and the parliament, and through 18th Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan , Zardari transferred the authority of government and political appointments, and powers to exercise

3250-684: The JUI-F , JI and PTI - SIC . The following individuals and political parties are part of the GDA: Leader Leader Leader Parties that have shown interest in joining and have supported the GDA’s efforts, but are not members. Leader Pakistan Peoples Party The Pakistan People's Party ( Urdu : پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی , Sindhi : پاڪستان پيپلز پارٽي ; abbr. PPP ) is a centre-left political party in Pakistan , currently being

3375-658: The Khilafat Movement ; Mustafa Kemal Atatürk 's ascension at the end of the Ottoman Caliphate ; and the impact of Indian Nationalism , the Indian National Congress and Hinduism on Muslims in India. He supported what he called "Islamization from above", through an Islamic state in which sovereignty would be exercised in the name of Allah and Islamic law ( sharia ) would be implemented. Maududi believed politics

3500-616: The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. JIP continued its opposition to the War on terrorism, particularly the presence of American troops and agencies in Pakistan. JIP also called for restoration of judiciary. In 2006, JIP opposed the Women's Protection Bill saying it did not need to be scrapped but instead, be applied in a fairer way and be more clearly understood by judges. Ahmed said, Samia Raheel Qazi, MP and daughter of Ahmed stated, At least during

3625-519: The Majlis-e-Shoura (council) elected Mian Tufail Mohammad (1914–2009) as the new leader of JIP. Naeeem Siddiqui was chosen as the general secretary. After Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (1973–1977) was elected, the student wing of the Jamaat-e-Islami ( Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba ) burned effigies of him in Lahore and declared his election a "black day". In early 1973, the amir, of the JIP even appealed to

3750-521: The National Assembly and garnered almost 15% of the vote in Sindh . In the 2024 Pakistani general election , the GDA continued its alliance with the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf during despite crackdown on the party. The GDA ran against PPP candidates in several constituencies, but unlike the 2018 election , the GDA did not win many seats and a much lesser number of two Sindhi provincial seats were won by

3875-496: The Pakistan National Alliance (PNA) to oust Bhutto and met with Zia-ul-Haq for ninety minutes on the night before Bhutto was hanged. Initially, JIP supported General Zia-ul-Haq (1977–1987). In turn, Zia's use of Islamist rhetoric gave JIP importance in public life beyond the size of its membership. According to journalist Owen Bennett-Jones , JIP was the "only political party" to offer Zia "consistent support" and

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4000-530: The Taliban . JIP condemned the events of 11 September 2001 , but equally condemned the US when Afghanistan was invaded . Some members of Al-Qaeda , for example, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed , were arrested in Pakistan. In the 2002 election , JIP made an alliance of religious parties called Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal (MMA) ( lit.   ' United Council of Action ' ) and won 53 seats, including most of those representing

4125-538: The World Bank , but received a harsh opposition from within the party. Throughout the 1980s, the party's credibility was damaged by the United States who " keenly sabotaged " any of its efforts and organizational establishment in the dense areas of country. Although PPP leader Bilawal Bhutto Zardari said he did not want to choose one side in the 21st century China-US strategic competition, Hina Rabbani Khar argues that

4250-525: The civil society than Communist Party . Since then, the Peoples Party has been a leading proponent of democratic socialism with the mainstream agenda of social democracy , favouring semi-secular and semi- Islamic socialist principles. Historically, the Peoples Party favoured financially stable farmers, industrial labour unions and the middle-class. The Peoples Party rejected far-left politics and ultra-leftism , supporting unregulated business and finance, and laissez-faire capitalism , after which it

4375-497: The country's nuclear programme in January 1972. The promulgation of the 1973 constitution put Pakistan on the road to parliamentary democracy . In the People's Party's first budget of 1972–3, health and education were nationalised, with a record 42.3 percent of the total budget being allocated for them. The National Assembly of Pakistan approved the new constitution on 10 April 1973 and it came into effect from 14 August 1973,

4500-470: The elections . Ahmad declined to stand for re-election due to health issues, and Syed Munawar Hassan was elected as the ameer. On 30 March 2014, Siraj-ul-Haq , serving as senior minister in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa government and the party's deputy chief, was elected as the new ameer. He replaced the incumbent Munawer Hasan and the party's general secretary, Liaqat Baloch . 25,533 office bearers of

4625-470: The 2024 elections. The GDA declared February 27, the day of the election results as a ‘Black day’ and compared the Sindh elections to the 1970 elections where Sheikh Mujibur Rehman ’s mandate was stolen. The protests were called a ‘million march’ by some sources and consisted of rallies and protests throughout rural Sindh , mainly in Karachi by GDA leaders. The anti-PPP protests and rallies were supported by

4750-577: The Awami League the constitutional right to form a government. However, Bhutto contested Rahman's mandate to form government in West Pakistan due to his party not having won a single seat there. Instead, Bhutto proposed the One Unit scheme , with two separate prime ministers for West and East Pakistan. This proposal was rejected by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, whose Six Point programme for a more federal Pakistan

4875-584: The GDA. The elections countrywide and in Sindh were plagued with allegations of rigging in favor of the PPP and PMLN . These allegations were spearheaded by the PTI , but were supported by the GDA. In response to the elections, the GDA, as well as its allies, the Jamaat-e-Islami , JUI-F and PTI rejected the elections as rigged. The alliance’s head Pir of Pagaro VIII alleged that the elections were rigged, and forfeited

5000-604: The Islamic Research Academy, Karachi, Idara Taleemi Tehqeeq, Lahore, the Mehran Academy, and the Institute of Regional Studies . Its print media publications number 22, including the daily Jasarat , weekly Friday Special , weekly Asia , monthly Tarjumanul Quran and fortnightly Jihad-e-Kashmir , with Jasarat in particular having a circulation of 50,000. The Islami Nizamat-e-Taleem, led by Abdul Ghafoor Ahmed ,

5125-533: The Jamaat-e-Islami was spearheading a major "campaign for the protection of ideology of Pakistan," which it believed was under threat from atheistic socialists and secularists. JIP participated in the 1970 general election . Its political platform advocated political freedom of the provinces and Islamic law based on the Quran and Sunnah. There would be separation of the powers (judiciary and legislature); basic rights for minorities (such as equal employment opportunities and

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5250-767: The Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb . At the time of the Indian independence movement , Maududi and the Jamaat-e-Islami actively worked to oppose the partition of India . In 1947, following the partition of India , the Jamaat split into two organisations, Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan and Jamaat-e-Islami Hind (the Indian wing). Other wings of Jamaat include Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir , founded in 1953, Jamaat-e-Islami Azad Kashmir founded in 1974, and Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami , founded in 1975. Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan came under severe government repression in 1948, 1953, and 1963. During

5375-512: The National Awami Party was effectively filled by Bhutto's People's Party as a united front of opposition to Ayub Khan. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, being shrewder in sensing the mood of the mass movement, had embarked upon the 'need for socialism' and other radical slogans. This PPP programme connected with the masses' moods, aspirations and sentiments; the PPP became the largest party of the masses in

5500-512: The PPP government. On 23 October 2007, Grand Democratic Alliance was formed in Sindh, Pakistan. On 26 November 2017, the leaders of the GDA participated in GDA's first official meeting to be held in Sukkur on November 26. The alliance was formed to defeat the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) in the Sindh province, which is considered a stronghold of the PPP. The alliance has been seen as a major challenger to

5625-400: The PPP in the 2018 elections. The GDA opposed the feudalist system in Sindh , Which is openly supported by the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) it has supported the anti-feudal elements against the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) in Sindh along with Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI). During political unrest in Pakistan following the ousting of Imran Khan in 2022, the GDA leadership including

5750-643: The Pakistan Army, General Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan . President Yahya Khan imposed martial law and the 1962 Constitution was abrogated. On 31 March 1970, President Yahya Khan announced a Legal Framework Order (LFO) which called for direct elections to a unicameral legislature. Many in the West feared the East wing's demand for provincial autonomy. The purpose of the LFO was to secure the future constitution which would be written after

5875-571: The Pakistan Muslim League (N) leader, former Pakistan Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif , to form a coalition controlling over half the seats in Pakistan's 342 seat parliament. In a press conference held in Muree, Punjab on 9 March 2008,conservatives under Nawaz Sharif and socialists led by Asif Ali Zardari officially signed an agreement to form a coalition government. Titled the PPP-PML summit declaration,

6000-481: The Pakistan Peoples Party of Pakistan serves as party's highest leadership, and apex governing authority, and is primarily responsible for promoting Peoples Party activities, promotion, media campaigning, welfare distribution, public policy and works . The CEC is the supreme parliamentary body in charge of setting out strategies and positions during and after elections. The CEC is currently chaired by Asif Ali Zardari , assisted by additional vice-chairmen, including all

6125-433: The People's Party had three main ideological camps: Marxists , Islamic socialists and the landed elite . In 1968, when Ayub Khan was celebrating his government's 'Decade of Development', demonstrations erupted all over the country. In the same year, spontaneous students' movements erupted throughout the country, largely due to unemployment and economic hardship which saw the beginning of the 1968 movement in Pakistan . In

6250-462: The People's Party's manifesto has been transformed into a centre-right platform, whereas in 1977 parliamentary elections , the People's Party's manifesto did not mention the word " socialism ". During the 1973–75, the Peoples Party's radical ultra-left and communist wings led by Mirage Khalid and the Maoist wings under Khalid Syed were purged by the People's Party to ensure the political support of

6375-437: The Peoples Party claimed the exclusive mandate in Gilgit-Baltistan and Kashmir . However, this treaty was later on was violated by PPP government, after which PML(N) withdrew from coalition and federal government. On 5 September 2008, the Peoples Party nominated its co-chairman and chairman of central executive committee, Asif Ali Zardari, for the upcoming presidential election . Zardari secured 481 votes out of 700 votes from

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6500-411: The Peoples Party declaring Friday as a holiday to win the support of religious elements. The chairman of PPP Bilawal Bhutto Zardari led a convention on 19 September 2014 in Multan , Punjab , where he reportedly quoted: "the [PPP] would take back entire Kashmir for his country." Bhutto emphasized on his last part of the speech: "I will take back Kashmir , all of it, and I will not leave behind

6625-441: The Peoples Party lost the 1990 General Election serving in opposition for the first since its inception in 1967. It was found by the Supreme Court of Pakistan in 2012 that this election had been rigged in favour of the Pakistan Muslim League . The People's Party returned to power in the 1993 General Election , forming a coalition with JUI(F) . However, over the next few years, the Party split into three main factional groups:

6750-403: The Peoples Party of opportunism . Recently, the Peoples Party has adopted privatisation and small-scale nationalisation policies, with centrist economic and socially progressive agendas. Basic, enshrined principles of PPP include "Islam [as] our Faith. Democracy is our Politics. Socialism is our Economy. All Power to the People". Relations with the China , Russia , Iran and Turkey , are

6875-624: The President of Pakistan. The party is chaired by his son, Bilawal Bhutto Zardari , while his daughter, Asifa Bhutto Zardari , also holds a position as a Member of the National Assembly (MNA). Since its foundation in 1967, it has been a major centre-left force in the country and the party's leadership has been dominated by the members of the Bhutto family . Its centre of power lies in the southern province of Sindh . The People's Party has been voted into power on five separate occasions ( 1970 , 1977 , 1988 , 1993 and 2008 ), while on four occasions ( 1990 , 1997 , 2002 and 2013 ) it emerged as

7000-474: The Restoration of Democracy . JIP also supported Zia's Jihad against the Soviet–Afghan War and its sister party Jamiat-e Islami led by Burhanuddin Rabbani became part of the Peshawar Seven that received aid from Saudi Arabia, United States and other jihad supporters. Such conundrums caused tension in JIP based on conflict between ideology and politics. In 1987, Mian Tufail declined further service as head of JIP for health reasons and Qazi Hussain Ahmad

7125-399: The Senate on 27 September and announced the start of a long march against Benazir Bhutto 's government. The protest started on 27 October 1996 by Jamaat-e-Islami and opposition parties. On 4 November 1996, Bhutto's government was dismissed by President Leghari primarily because of corruption. JIP then boycotted the 1997 election , and therefore, lost representation in Parliament . However,

7250-409: The alliance head, Pir of Pagaro VIII issued statements supporting Imran Khan , mainly during the 2024 election . For the 2018 Pakistani general election , the GDA joined hands with the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf by forming seat adjustments in more than ten seats with the aim of defeating the PPP. As a result of the election, the GDA won 14 seats in the Provincial Assembly of Sindh , three seats in

7375-523: The army to overthrow Bhutto's government because of "its inherent moral corruption." JIP "spearheaded" the anti-Bhutto political movement under the religious banner of Nizam-i-Mustafa (Order of the Prophet). Bhutto attempted to suppress JIP through the imprisonment of JIP and Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba members. There were electoral irregularities at the 1975 elections with JIP members being arrested in order to prevent them from lodging their nomination papers. However, by 1976, JIP had 2 million registrants. In

7500-409: The authority of government to prime minister Gillani as part of country's road to parliamentary democracy . Even though growing unpopularity, it has managed to maintain a large vote bank in deeper Sindh and South Punjab . On national front, it is currently competing against Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf and Pakistan Muslim League (N) . On 22 June 2012, the PPP nominated Raja Pervez Ashraf was elected as

7625-441: The blood of the people", although, in 1974, he had banned alcohol. Bhutto offered to hold another set of elections in November 1977 and offered ministries to the PNA, but this failed, sparking further civil disobedience against the Peoples Party. Tensions mounted and despite an agreement reached between the opposition and PPP, martial law was imposed in the country by Chief of Army Staff Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq . In April 1979, after

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7750-456: The brunt of Ayub Khan's dictatorial regime during his decade-long rule were promised a better future with better educational and career opportunities. Many other members of society who had felt stifled and repressed by the press-control and heavy censorship practised by the authoritarian Khan regime also joined the new party, whose manifesto also attracted the country's numerous minorities. The continuous contentions forced Ayub Khan to resign from

7875-448: The capitalist class at the expense of ordinary people, evidenced by the drastic increase in income inequality and poverty. In April 1968, Dr. Mahbub ul Haq , the then Chief Economist of the Planning Commission reported that 22 families controlled 66% of the industries and owned an 87% share in the country's banking and insurance industries. Due to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 , the economy collapsed, and investment growth in Pakistan saw

8000-417: The central and the strongest proponents of the People's Party's foreign policy. Under Zulfikar Ali Bhutto , Pakistan built closer ties with Soviet Union, China, and Iran, but under Benazir Bhutto , the foreign policy was revised after taking shifts to centre-right policies. Earlier in the 1970s, the People's Party faced a "secret" cold war with the United States, but then suffered a US-backed coup in 1977. On

8125-438: The considerable victory on among all political parties, gaining a momentum of general seats 121 from all provinces in the Parliament, whilst the centre-right, Pakistan Muslim League came second in place, managing to secure 91 seats from all over the country. In 2008, the co-chairman Asif Ali Zardari announced to end the fourth dictatorship when he quoted: "Pakistan was on its way of ridding dictatorships forever", and appealed to

8250-442: The country's poverty-stricken masses. The left-wing oriented slogan 'Land to the Landless' proved to be popular amongst the peasants and labour-force, as the party promised not only to abolish the feudal system , but also to redistribute land. The working-classes quickly flocked to the party, believing it to be a party dedicated to the destruction of capitalism in the country. The young university students and teachers who often bore

8375-430: The day Bhutto became Prime Minister of Pakistan . Bhutto initiated different reforms like expanding the school network to slums and small villages, creating basic health facilities, land reforms and housing schemes. However, the Party's measures fell through as a result of 1970s global economic recession , the 1973 oil crisis , and the failure of reforms resulted into rising inflation. The letter of credit of Pakistan

8500-420: The decline begins. We came to abolish the abominable status quo but the status quo is very much present..." Similarly, workers intensified their demands and during first months of 1972, whole country engulfed with periodic lockouts and encirclement of industries. Among them notable struggles were the emergence of a worker-led court under Abdur Rehman in Kot Lakhpat and the Karachi labour unrest of 1972 . In

8625-489: The early years of the regime of General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq , Jamaat-e-Islami's position improved and it became seen as the "regime's ideological and political arm", with party members at times holding cabinet portfolios of information and broadcasting, production, and water, power and natural resources. In 1971, during the Bangladesh Liberation War , JIP opposed the independence of Bangladesh. However, in 1975, it established Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh with Abbas Ali Khan as

8750-466: The election in order for it to include safeguards such as preserving Pakistan's territorial integrity and Islamic ideology. In the background of recent political developments, the People's Party decided to hold its National Conference. This was to be held in Lahore from 4–6 April 1969 but due to the imposition of Martial law, it was called off. Later from 1–3 July 1970, the first conference was held in Hala Sharif, Sindh . At this historical conference which

8875-472: The execution of Qadri. Hafiz Naeem Ur Rehman was elected the Ameer of Jamaat e Islami on 4 April 2024. JIP provides unions for doctors, teachers, lawyers, farmers, workers and women, for example, Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba (IJT), Jamiat Talaba Arabia and Islami Jamaat-e-Talibaat (its female branch) a Students' union and JI Youth Pakistan , a youth group. The party has a number of publications from affiliated agencies such as Idara Marif-e-Islami, Lahore,

9000-481: The field of foreign policy, the People's Party built a good relationship with China, with Bhutto successfully negotiating an aid package worth $ 300 million for Pakistan and also writing off loans amounting to over $ 110 million. On 22 February 1974, Pakistan hosted all the leaders of the Islamic world in the summit of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation in Lahore. Domestically, serious issues began to emerge within

9125-468: The first ameer. Since the early 1980s, it has also developed close links with Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir and acted as the vanguard of the armed insurgency in that province. Jamaat-e-Islami's founder and leader until 1972 was Abul A'la Maududi , a widely read Islamist philosopher and political commentator, who wrote about the role of Islam in South Asia. His thought was influenced by many factors including

9250-428: The first and founding chair of the Pakistan Peoples Party. After his execution, the senior party leadership handed over the chairmanship of the party to his wife, Nusrat Bhutto , and held the position into the 1980s. In 1982, Nusrat Bhutto, ill with cancer, was given permission to leave Pakistan for medical treatment and remained abroad for several years. At that point her daughter, Benazir Bhutto , became acting head of

9375-471: The history of Pakistan, almost overnight. The first activists and cadres who gave the PPP a foothold and standing were from the different Maoist groups and other scattered left activists. These groups were disillusioned and frustrated by the traditional Stalinist leadership of the left. In 1968, a massive public-relations program was launched by the party, beginning in the Punjab . Bhutto's program directly targeted

9500-399: The instinct to preserve Pakistan's partnership with the United States would ultimately sacrifice the full benefits of the country's “real strategic” partnership with China. The Pakistan Peoples Party through Zulfikar Ali Bhutto proudly receives all credit for launching the atomic bomb project in 1972, public ceremonies are held on Youm-e-Takbir (lit. Day of Greatness ) to commemorate

9625-636: The joint declaration both parties agreed on the reinstatement of judges deposed during the emergency rule imposed on 3 November 2007 by General Pervez Musharraf within 30 days after the new federal government was formed. On 28 March, the peoples party appointed Yousaf Raza Gillani for the office of prime minister and formed coalition government with Pakistan Muslim League (Q) in Punjab, Awami National Party in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , JUI(F) in Balochistan and Muttahida Qaumi Movement in Sindh. While on other hand,

9750-567: The largest in the Senate and second-largest party in the National Assembly . The party was founded in 1967 in Lahore , when a number of prominent left-wing politicians in the country joined hands against the rule of Ayub Khan , under the leadership of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto . It is affiliated with the Socialist International . The PPP's platform was formerly socialist , and its stated priorities continue to include transforming Pakistan into

9875-449: The largest opposition party. There have been a total of four prime ministers from the PPP. In 2018 general election and 2024 general election , PPP stood at 3rd position in the National Assembly of Pakistan . The PPP dominated the politics of Pakistan during the 1970s, suffering a temporary decline during the military dictatorship of Gen. Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq . After the re-establishment of democracy in 1988 following Zia's death,

10000-546: The leadership of its emirs (commanders or leaders). As a vanguard party, its fully-fledged members ( arkan ) are intended to be leaders and devoted to the party, but there is also a category of much more numerous sympathizers and workers ( karkun ). The emir is obliged by the party constitution to consult an assembly called the shura . The JIP also developed sub-organisations, such as those for women and students. JIP began by volunteering in refugee camps; performing social work; opening hospitals and medical clinics and by gathering

10125-555: The major Islamic movements in Pakistan, along with Deobandi and Barelvi (represented by Jamiat Ulema-e Islam political party and Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan party respectively). Jamaat-e-Islami was founded in Islamia Park , Lahore , British India in 1941 by the Muslim theologian and socio-political philosopher, Abul Ala Maududi , who was widely influenced by the Sharia based reign of

10250-435: The major office bearers of the party. However, the CEC is focused on election campaigning and organizational strategy during the national parliamentary elections, overseeing the media works, ideological promotion, and the foreign policy. The public works, welfare distribution are partly managed at the municipal unit level up to the federal level, which supervise and give legal authority for such works. The PPP-Young Organization

10375-563: The missile's programs, such as Ghauri and Shaheen in the 1990s. As part of the science policy, they established the Pakistan Science Foundation in 1973 and helped establish the Pakistan Academy of Letters in 1976. In 1996, Benazir Bhutto established SZABIST at Karachi to become a leading institution of science and technology and appointed world-renowned academic Dr. Javaid Laghari as its first president, who later

10500-485: The new Pakistan PM. As of 2017, according to The Economist , the party "has become irrelevant outside their home province of Sindh." On 11 April 2022, the PPP formed a coalition government with the PML-N and other parties, electing Shehbaz Sharif as Prime Minister. Later Opposition The first socialist and democratic convention attended by the leading 67 left-wing intellectuals who appointed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto as

10625-585: The new generation of the Pakistan Peoples Party. The Peoples Party also has an active military-street wing, the People's Committee , controversially affiliated with the Pakistan Peoples Party. Nationally, each province and territory has a provisional committee, made up of elected committee members as well as ex-officio committee members who elect its presidents. The local committees often coordinate campaign activities within their jurisdiction, oversee local conventions, and in some cases primaries or caucuses, and may have

10750-754: The newly formed All Parties Hurriyat Conference (APHC) which promotes the independence of Jammu and Kashmir from India. Prior to this, JIP had allegedly set up the Hizb-ul-Mujahideen , a Kashmir liberation militia to oppose the Kashmir Liberation Front which fights for the complete independence of the Kashmir region. Ahmad left his position in the Senate in protest against corruption. On 20 July 1996, Qazi Hussain Ahmed announced to start protests against government alleging corruption. Qazi Hussain resigned from

10875-462: The opposition leader, Fatima Jinnah , despite its opposition to women in politics. In 1965, during the Indo-Pakistani war , JIP supported the government's call for jihad , presenting patriotic speeches on Radio Pakistan and seeking support from Arab and Central Asian countries. The group resisted Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and Maulana Bhashani 's socialist program of the time. By the end of 1969,

11000-420: The other hand, Anti-Americanism among most PPP workers and its student wing grew twofold after Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's execution at the hands of the pro-American Ziaul Haq dictatorship, the party's new chairperson, Benazir Bhutto, advised her party to concentrate on the removal of Zia alone. She also adopted Nawaz Sharif's conservative privatisation policies in order to secure funding from the United States and

11125-546: The party out of a total of 31,311 voted in these elections. It was the first time that the party had voted out an ameer after just one term. He, therefore, resigned from his role as senior minister. This coincided with a drone attack on a madrassa in Bajaur Agency . In 2016, Siraj-ul-Haq led funeral prayers for Mumtaz Qadri , who had been executed for assassinating Punjab Governor Salmaan Taseer while serving as his bodyguard. Siraj-ul-Haq called for nationwide protests against

11250-465: The party remained politically active, for example, protesting the arrival of the Indian Prime Minister, Atal Bihari Vajpayee , in Lahore . In 1999, Pervez Musharraf took power in a military coup . JIP, at first, welcomed the general but then objected when Musharraf began to make secular reforms and then again in 2001, when Pakistan joined the war on terror , alleging Musharraf had betrayed

11375-491: The party was to establish a more classless society , adopting a clear socialist programme of nationalisation and reducing economic inequality . The document declared that "Only socialism, which creates equal opportunities for all, protects [people] from exploitation, removes the barriers of class distinction, and is capable of establishing economic and social justice. Socialism is the highest expression of democracy and its logical fulfillment". According to Philip E. Jones,

11500-648: The party while Nusrat technically remained its chairman and was referred to as such as late as September 1983. By January 1984, Benazir was being referred to as the party's chairman and subsequently secured the legal appointment by the senior leadership of Central Executive Committee at the convention held in 1984. She had been elected chairperson for life, which she remained until her assassination on 27 December 2007. Her nineteen-year-old son, Bilawal Bhutto Zardari and his father Asif Ali Zardari were appointed party co-chairmen after assassination of Benazir Bhutto on 30 December 2007. The Central Executive Committee of

11625-407: The party's ranks, when Bhutto decided to utilise the state to keep an eye on the activities of the Pakistan National Alliance . After he purged left-wing activists – such as Malik Meraj Khalid , a Marxist law minister – from his own party's ranks, Dr. Mubashir Hassan also resigned. In September 1974, under pressure from religious organizations, Bhutto passed a constitutional amendment declaring

11750-541: The past. We have made terrible mistakes and Pakistan is in a mess—the worst crisis in our history. But we have been given a terrible bashing by the Western press and I ask you now to please get off our backs while we put our house in order. Bhutto vowed to build a new Pakistan. On 2 January 1972 Bhutto announced the nationalisation of all major industries, including iron and steel, heavy engineering, heavy electricals, petrochemicals, cement and public utilities. A new labour policy

11875-415: The political services of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto who established the program. In 1976, Murtaza Bhutto graduated from Harvard University , Bhutto graduated with his thesis entitled "Modicum of Harmony". His thesis dealt with the spread of nuclear weapons in general, and the implications of India's nuclear weapons on Pakistan in particular. Murtaza went on to Christ Church, Oxford , his father's alma mater, for

12000-422: The powerful Sindh 's feudal lords and Punjab 's landed elite , with Paracha claiming the People's Party has "lost the left". Leading left-wing journalist Mehdi Hasan has remarked that the Peoples Party is "not a secular party", firstly citing its support of declaring Ahmadiyya community as non-Muslims through the second constitutional amendment , secondly for banning the use of liquor, and thirdly for

12125-484: The presidency in 1969, leading to the imposition of martial law by Army Commander General Yahya Khan , after he promised to hold elections within two years. During this time, the Peoples Party intensified its support in West Pakistan, organizing itself and gaining support from poor masses in West Pakistan. Ayub Khan succumbed to political pressure on 26 March 1969 and handed power to the Commander-in-Chief of

12250-578: The provincial assemblies after fielding 151 candidates. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto won the 1970 election campaign and was strongly opposed by JIP who believed he and his socialist ideology were a threat to Islam. JIP opposed the Awami League East Pakistani separatist movement. Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba organised the Al-Badar to fight the Mukti Bahini (Bengali liberation forces). In 1971, during

12375-468: The residence of Dr. Mubashir Hassan , and the Pakistan People's Party was formed. The members of the newly formed party elected Zulfikar Ali Bhutto as its first chairman. Its manifesto, titled 'Islam is our Religion; Democracy is our Politics; Socialism is our Economy; Power Lies with the People' was written by Bengali communist J. A. Rahim , and published on 9 December 1967. The main objective of

12500-548: The resignation of the latter and the eventual creation of the People's Party. Bhutto went on to accuse Ayub of "losing the war on the negotiating table." Opposition parties decided to protest against the declaration, but the state responded by imposing bans upon public gatherings and arresting activists. The resignation of Bhutto further angered the public, who were growing ever more discontent with President Khan's government. On 5 February 1966, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman announced his program of regional autonomy for East Bengal at

12625-429: The same meeting, former Foreign Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was elected as its chairman. Among the expressed goals of the party were the establishment of an "egalitarian democracy" and the "application of socialistic ideas to realize economic and social justice". A more immediate task was the struggle against the presidency of Muhammad Ayub Khan . In the 1960s, Ayub Khan 's policies were seen by many to have nourished

12750-453: The same time, ideological differences emerged within the NAP, which led to a major split between the pro-Soviet and pro-China factions . The pro-Soviet faction, led by Wali Khan , proposed a parliamentary route to power, whereas the pro-China faction led by Moulana Bhashani advocated for a peasant revolution to overthrow Ayub Khan's regime. The vacuum on the left generated by the disunity of

12875-404: The senior academic scientists who played a role in building the atomic bomb. The People's Party member's notably provided their public support to Abdul Qadeer Khan who had been forced to attend the military debriefings by General Pervez Musharraf in 2004. In August 2012, after years of negligence, the peoples party made its effort to bestowed and award Munir Ahmad Khan the highest state honor,

13000-647: The situation which led to the arrests of Bhutto and members of the People's Party, alongside Mujibur Rahman in Adiala Jail . This was followed by Indian intervention in East Bengal , cementing the defeat of the Pakistan Armed Forces , and the independence of Bangladesh . As result of Pakistan's defeat by India in Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 , General Yahya Khan was forced to resign. On 20 December, he

13125-459: The skins of animals sacrificed for Eid-ul-Azha . During the prime-ministership of Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy (September 1956 – October 1957), JIP argued for a separate voting system for different religious communities. Suhrawardy convened a session of the National Assembly at Dhaka and through an alliance with Republicans, his party passed a bill for a mixed voting system. In 1951, it ran candidates for office, but did not do well. JIP found it

13250-425: The skins of animals sacrificed for Eid-ul-Azha . JIP had a number of unique features. All members, including its founder Mawdudi, uttered the shahadah – the traditional act of converts to Islam – when they joined. This was a symbolic gesture of conversion to a new Islamic perspective, but to some implied that "the Jamaat stood before Muslim society as Islam before jahiliyah ", (pre-Islamic ignorance). After Pakistan

13375-512: The story in East Pakistan was altogether different, where the Awami League had dominated and the People's Party had failed to win a single seat (likewise, the Awami League had also failed to make a breakthrough in West Pakistan). The Awami League secured 160 seats out of the total 300 seats in the National Assembly , whereas the People's Party came second with 81 seats. The results gave

13500-586: The time of Ahmad, the position of JIP on revolutionary action was that it was not ready to turn to extra-legal action but that its objectives are definite ( qat'i ) but its methods are "open to interpretation and adaptation ( ijtihadi )" based on the "exigencies of the moment". On 23 July 2007, Qazi Hussain Ahmad tendered his resignation from the National Assembly to protest against the Army operation at Lal Masjid . In 2008, JIP and Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf again boycotted

13625-412: The two seats in protest. The 2024 elections for the GDA are generally considered a defeat for the alliance, with it being overshadowed by the PPP and MQM-P according to some reports, However, the GDA and its allies attribute these results to rigging. The Grand Democratic Alliance’s leadership launched large-scale protests and marches against the PPP government in protest of their alleged rigging in

13750-452: The world against the military dictatorship of Zia-ul-Haq. After eleven years, the People's Party returned to power by winning the 1988 General Election , with Benazir Bhutto becoming the first female head of government in the Muslim world . In 1990, the Peoples party's government was dismissed due to economic recession, issues regarding to national security and nationalisation. Benazir and

13875-399: Was "an integral, inseparable part of the Islamic faith, and that the Islamic state that Muslim political action seeks to build" would not only be an act of piety but would also solve the many (seemingly non-religious) social and economic problems that Muslims faced. Maududi opposed British rule but also opposed the Muslim nationalist movement (nationalism being un-Islamic) and their plan for

14000-446: Was adopted after accommodating many of the demands of the JIP. Maududi endorsed the constitution and claimed it a victory for Islam. In 1958, JIP formed an alliance with Abdul Qayyum Khan (Muslim League) and Chaudhry Muhammad Ali ( Nizam-e-Islam Party ). The alliance destabilised the presidency of Iskander Mirza (1956–1958), and Pakistan returned to martial law. The military ruler, the president Muhammad Ayub Khan (1958–1964), had

14125-494: Was also elected Senator from Sindh on a technocrat seat and eventually Chairman HEC leading a revolution of reforms in higher education in South Asia Since the 1990s, the People's Party has been under intense criticism even inside the party both from its own members and the other leftists in the country, notably due to the charges of large-scale corruptions . The leading leftist, Nadeem Paracha , has asserted that since 1977

14250-499: Was also rejected by Bhutto. On 3 March 1971, the two leaders, along with President General Yahya Khan, met in Dacca to try and resolve the constitutional crisis. After their discussions yielded no satisfactory results, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman called for a nationwide strike. Bhutto, fearing a civil war, sent his trusted companion, Mubashir Hassan to convey a message to Rahman, who agreed to meet Bhutto once again. The two leaders agreed to form

14375-430: Was announced increasing the power of trade unions. Although he came from a feudal background himself, Bhutto announced reforms limiting land ownership and a government take-over of more than a million acres to distribute to landless peasants. More than 2,000 civil servants were dismissed on charges of corruption. He successfully negotiated the return of 93,000 prisoners of war and settlement with India , whilst kicking off

14500-542: Was dismissed by the party's own elected President Farooq Leghari in September 1996. Since 1996 and Bhutto's assassination in 2007 , the Peoples Party has suffered with major internal factional conflicts, between leftists and neoliberals over the Party's shift to Thatcherite economics . After the assassination of Benazir Bhutto on 27 December 2007, the 2008 parliamentary elections which were scheduled to be held in January were postponed until 18 February. The PPP won

14625-523: Was elected. In 1987, when Zia died, the Pakistan Muslim League formed the right-wing alliance, Islami Jamhoori Ittehad (IJI). In 1990 when Nawaz Sharif came to power, JIP boycotted the cabinet on the basis that the Pakistan Peoples' Party and the Pakistan Muslim League were problematic to equal degrees. In the election of 1993 , JIP won three seats. In this year, JIP was a member of

14750-513: Was formed, it forbade Pakistanis to take an oath of allegiance to the state until it became Islamic, arguing that a Muslim could in clear conscience render allegiance only to God. Following the Partition of India, Maududi and JIP migrated from East Punjab to Lahore in Pakistan. There they volunteered to help the thousands of refugees pouring into the country from India – performing social work; opening hospitals and medical clinics; and by gathering

14875-409: Was founded in colonial India in 1941. JIP is a " vanguard party ", whose members are intended to be leaders spreading party beliefs and influence. Supporters not thought qualified to be members may become "affiliates", and beneath them are "sympathizers". The party leader is called an " ameer ". Although, it does not have a large popular following, the party is quite influential and considered one of

15000-463: Was lost to the emerging PTI , although it retained its provincial government in Sindh. In the 2018 general election , for the first time in history, the party was able to neither form the government nor emerge as the largest party in opposition. The above said electoral position remained the same in 2024 general election . The Pakistan People's Party (PPP) was launched at its founding convention held in Lahore on 30 November and 1 December 1967. At

15125-472: Was more successful in promoting its cause in the streets. The election also occasioned a split in the party with the JIP shura passing a resolution in support of the party withdrawing from politics but Maududi arguing for continued involvement. Maududi prevailed and several senior JIP leaders resigned in protest. All this strengthened Maududi's position still further and "a cult of personality began to grow up around him." In 1953, JIP led "direct action" against

15250-609: Was no longer widely viewed as a socialist or social-democratic party, as its economic policies swung dramatically to the right-wing, embracing economic neoliberalism and unfettered capitalism and privatisation of publicly owned institutions, favouring partial income taxes. Despite its democratic-socialist ideas, the Peoples Party never actually allied with the Soviet Union , with the Communist Party of Pakistan remaining one of its major rivals. The Peoples Party has been criticised by various socialists such as Fahad Rizwan who accused

15375-402: Was rejected by foreign banks and a massive outflow of capital was seen from the country. Dr Mubashar Hassan, then-finance minister wrote in a note to all ministers, special assistants, provincial chief ministers and governors: "We have been in office for more than six months. Many decisions have been taken but a growing implementation gap is becoming visible. Once the implementation gap sets in,

15500-404: Was rewarded with jobs for "tens of thousands of Jamaat activists and sympathisers", giving Zia's Islamic agenda power "long after he died." However, Zia failed to deliver timely elections and distanced himself from the JIP. When Zia banned student unions , Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba and pro-JIP labour unions protested. However, JIP did not participate in the Pakistan Peoples Party 's Movement for

15625-625: Was taken to the President House in Rawalpindi, where he took over two positions from Yahya Khan, one as president and the other as first civilian Chief Martial Law Administrator. Thus, he was the first civilian Chief Martial Law Administrator of the dismembered Pakistan. By the time Bhutto had assumed control of what remained of Pakistan, the nation was completely isolated, angered, and demoralized. After becoming president, Bhutto in his first statement to foreign media correspondents said: Let us forget

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