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14-804: Gottscheerish belongs to Southern Bavarian within the Bavarian dialect group. The Bavarian dialects of Carinthia are closest to it. Gottscheerish shares a lot of properties with the Bavarian dialects of the German language islands of the eastern Alps , among them Cimbrian in Veneto , Sappada (Pladen), and Timau (Tischelwang) in Friuli-Venezia Giulia , and Sorica (Zarz) in Upper Carniola (Slovenia). Gottscheerish evolved independently for more than 600 years from

28-442: A consonant just like /l/ does (compare przemysł [ˈpʂɛmɨsw] 'industry' with Przemyśl [ˈpʂɛmɨɕl] ' Przemyśl '), which means that both of them behave more like consonants than vowels. On the other hand, [ɪ̯, i̯, ʊ̯, u̯] are not treated as phonetic consonants when they arise from vocalization of /l/ , /v/ or /ɡ/ as they do not share almost all of their features with those three. Bernese German has

42-507: Is a monosyllabic vowel combination involving a quick but smooth movement of the articulator from one vowel quality to another that passes over a third. While "pure" vowels, or monophthongs , are said to have one target articulator position, diphthongs have two and triphthongs three. Triphthongs are not to be confused with disyllabic sequences of a diphthong followed by a monophthong, as in German Feuer [ˈfɔʏ.ɐ] 'fire', where

56-697: Is up, He got up very early this morning, He put on his fine clothes, He went to the parish fair. A text partially based on Hans Tschinkel's orthography (ca. 1908): Du̇ hoscht lai oin Ammoin, oin Attoin dərzu̇ə, du̇ hoscht lai oin Hoimət, Gottschəabarschər Pu̇ə. Du hast nur eine Mutter einen Vater dazu, du hast nur eine Heimat, Gottscheer Bub. You have only one mother One father as well. You have only one homeland, Gottschee boy. Southern Bavarian Too Many Requests If you report this error to

70-732: The United States . After resettlement of most Gottscheers by the German occupation forces in 1941 during the Second World War , only a few hundred speakers of Gottscheerish remained in their homeland. After the war, Gottscheerish was forbidden in Yugoslavia . According to the UNESCO , Gottscheerish is a "critically endangered language". The majority of its speakers live in the U.S., with a significant community in Queens , New York City . Most of them are of

84-413: The partisan movement and therefore were allowed to stay. As a primarily or exclusively spoken language, the written representation of Gottscheerish has varied considerably. The following table shows how some of the more problematic phonemes have been represented in different writing systems. The symbol ə for schwa is frequently distorted in representations of Gottscheerish, incorrectly replaced by

98-644: The Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.151 via cp1112 cp1112, Varnish XID 391913970 Upstream caches: cp1112 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Fri, 29 Nov 2024 05:41:12 GMT Triphthongs In phonetics , a triphthong ( UK : / ˈ t r ɪ f θ ɒ ŋ , ˈ t r ɪ p θ ɒ ŋ / TRIF -thong, TRIP -thong , US : /- θ ɔː ŋ / -⁠thawng ) (from Greek τρίφθογγος triphthongos , lit.   ' with three sounds ' or ' with three tones ' )

112-567: The final vowel is longer than those found in triphthongs. Triphthongs that feature close elements typically analyzed as /j/ and /w/ in phonology are not listed. For instance, the Polish word łój [wuj] 'tallow' is typically analyzed as /CVC/ - a sequence of a consonant followed by a vowel and another consonant. This is because the palatal approximant is resyllabified in some inflected forms, such as łojami [wɔˈjami] (instr. pl.), and also because /w/ occurs word-finally after

126-703: The following triphthongs: They have arisen due to the vocalization of /l/ in the syllable coda; compare the last two with Standard German Gefühl [ɡəˈfyːl] and Schule [ˈʃuːlə] , the last one with a schwa not present in the Bernese word. Danish has the following triphthongs: In British Received Pronunciation , and most other non-rhotic (r-dropping) varieties of English, monosyllabic triphthongs with R are optionally distinguished from sequences with disyllabic realizations: As [eɪ̯] and [əʊ̯] become [ɛə̯] and [ɔː] respectively before /r/ , most instances of [eɪ̯.ə] and [əʊ̯.ə] are words with

140-847: The oldest generation, who spent their childhood in Gottschee County. There are speakers in Canada , Austria and Germany as well; just as in the U.S., these populations have hardly any opportunity to practice it. Everyday language in the family and elsewhere is English and German or the local dialect, respectively. In Slovenia, there are some families who preserved Gottscheerish in spite of the ban after World War II. Today, however, there are probably no more children learning it as first language. Most Gottscheerish speakers live in Moschnitze valley (Črmošnjiško-Poljanska dolina) between Kočevske Poljane and Črmošnjice , where some Gottscheer families collaborated with

154-462: The partial differential symbol ∂ or umlauted ä . The phonological inventory of Gottscheerish differs from standard German in a number of ways, especially regarding palatal consonants. The phonological inventory here is based on Hans Tschinkel's 1908 grammar. Tschinkel does not explicitly distinguish between phonemic and phonetic status. Consonants in parentheses are either phonetic/positional variants, idiolect variants, or dialect variants. In

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168-512: The settlement of the first German-speaking settlers from Eastern Tyrol and Western Carinthia around 1330. The Gottscheer Germans used Gottscheerish as oral language for daily communication, whereas their written language was Standard German . However, folk songs and folk tales collected in the 19th and 20th century have been published in Gottscheerish. Already in the 19th century, many speakers of Gottscheerish left their homes to emigrate to

182-495: The suffix "-er", such as player and lower . Other instances are loanwords, such as boa . [aʊ̯ə̯, aɪ̯ə̯, ɔɪ̯ə̯] are sometimes written as ⟨ awə, ajə, ɔjə ⟩, or similarly. Spanish : The last two are mostly restricted to European Spanish. In Latin American Spanish (which has no distinct vosotros form), the corresponding words are cambian [ˈkambi̯an] and cambien [ˈkambi̯en] , with

196-1689: The westernmost part of Gottschee, known as the Suchen Plateau ( German : Suchener Hochtal ), the phonemes /s/ and /ʃ/ merged to yield /ɕ/ and the phonemes /z/ and /ʒ/ merged to yield /ʑ/. The phoneme /r/ is rarely realized as [ʁ]. The phoneme /l/ is realized as [ʟ] after front vowels and after labial/velar obstruents. Tschinkel gives a large vowel inventory for Gottscheerish, especially for vowel clusters . He does not strictly distinguish between phonemic and phonetic values. Falling diphthongs: ai, ao, au, aʉ, ea, ei, ia, iə, oa, oɛ, oi, ou, ɵi, ɵʉ, ua, ui, uə, ʉi, ʉə, əi, aːi, aːo Rising diphthongs: i̯a , i̯aː , i̯ɛ , i̯e , i̯eː , i̯i , i̯iː , i̯o , i̯oː , i̯ɵ , i̯ɵ ː, i̯u , i̯uː , i̯ʉ , i̯ʉː , i̯ə Falling triphthongs : oai, uai, eau, iəu, ʉəu, oːai, uːai Rising-falling triphthongs: i̯ai , i̯au , i̯aʉ , i̯ea , i̯ei , i̯iə , i̯ou , i̯ɵʉ , i̯uə , i̯əi , u̯ai Tetraphthongs: i̯ oai, i̯uai , i̯oːai , i̯uːai The following pronouns are given in Hans Tschinkel's transcription. The following numbers are given in abridged form in Hans Tschinkel's transcription. A text in Karl Schröer's orthography (1870): Bie wrüe işt auf dar Hanşel junc, ar stéanot şmóaronş gûr wrüe auf, ar legot şih gûr schíander ån, ar géanot ahin of es kîrtàgle. Wie früh ist auf der Hänsel jung, er stund des morgens gar früh auf, er legte sich gar schön (schöner) an, er gieng hin auf den Jahrmarkt. How early young Johnny

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