A multi-sport event is an organized sporting event, often held over multiple days, featuring competition in many different sports among organized teams of athletes from (mostly) nation-states . The first major, modern, multi-sport event of international significance was the Olympic Games , first held in modern times in 1896 in Athens, Greece , and inspired by the Ancient Olympic Games , one of a number of such events held in antiquity. Most modern multi-sport events have the same basic structure. Games are held over the course of several days in and around a "host city", which changes for each competition. Countries send national teams to each competition, consisting of individual athletes and teams that compete in a wide variety of sports. Athletes or teams are awarded gold , silver or bronze medals for first, second and third place respectively. Each game is generally held every four years, though some are annual competitions.
56-776: The 2018 Commonwealth Games , officially known as the XXI Commonwealth Games and also known as Gold Coast 2018 , were an international multi-sport event for members of the Commonwealth that was held on the Gold Coast, Queensland , Australia , between 4 and 15 April 2018. It was the fifth time Australia had hosted the Commonwealth Games and the first time a major multi-sport had an equal number of events for male and female athletes. 4,426 athletes including 300 para-athletes from 71 Commonwealth Games Associations took part in
112-510: A bid proceed, Gold Coast City will have the exclusive Australian rights to bid as host city for 2018," Bligh stated. "Recently I met with the president and CEO of the Australian Commonwealth Games Association and we agreed to commission a full and comprehensive feasibility study into the potential for the 2018 Commonwealth Games," she said. "Under the stewardship of Queensland Events new chair, Geoff Dixon , that study
168-600: A director of a number of controlled entities of the Qantas Group. Geoff Dixon's tenure as CEO of Qantas coincided in a period when the aviation industry has been under pressure to remain competitive, with rising fuel and insurance costs. He controversially outsourced a range of business activities to off-shore areas, including in-flight and IT services. He also established the low-cost carrier Jetstar Airways to compete with rival carrier Virgin Blue . Dixon retired from Qantas and
224-630: A selected group of athletes, rather than everybody, which was the case with the Olympic Games. The Soviets organized the first Spartakiad in 1920, a communist alternative to the 'bourgeois' Olympic Games, and in 1922 the University Olympia was organizedor in Italy , the forerunner of the World University Games , meant for students only. Regional games were another kind of multi-sport event that
280-583: Is an Australian corporate executive and former CEO and managing director of Qantas . Geoff Dixon was appointed chief executive officer and managing director of Qantas in March 2001. He was chief executive designate from November 2000, after serving as deputy CEO since November 1998. He was appointed to the board of directors in August 2000. Dixon is a member of the Qantas Safety, Environment and Security Committee and
336-516: Is now well advanced." On 15 March 2010, it was announced that the Queensland Government will provide initial funding of A$ 11 million for the 2018 Commonwealth Games bid. The Premier of Queensland has indicated the Government's support for the bid to the Australian Commonwealth Games Association. On 31 March 2010, the Australian Commonwealth Games Association officially launched the bid to host
392-551: The ABC reported a land exchange deal between Gold Coast City and State of Queensland for Carrara Stadium . According to Mayor Ron Clarke , the land would aid a potential bid for the 2018 Commonwealth Games. The land exchanged would be used as the site of an aquatics centre. In the same article, Mayor Clarke raised the question of the Australian Federal Government's commitment to a 2018 Commonwealth Games bid in light of
448-622: The Gold Coast Convention & Exhibition Centre with the major accommodation centres of Surfers Paradise and Broadbeach and the Athletes Village at Parklands. An extension to the system was announced in October 2015, connecting the then current terminus at Gold Coast University Hospital to the railway line to Brisbane at Helensvale . The extension opened in December 2017, in time for
504-459: The Olympic Games , launched a sample storage initiative to allow for future testing of samples up to ten years later, should detection technology improve. The Festival 2018 was a 12-day multi-arts program for the 2018 Commonwealth Games which included free musical performances, activities, public art and other family-friendly events. The program took place at Surfers Paradise and Broadbeach on
560-541: The Port of Hambantota is nearing completion and it is funded by the government of China . The Mattala International Airport , which is the second international Airport of Sri Lanka is built close to Hambantota. A new Hambantota International Cricket Stadium had also been built, which had hosted matches in the 2011 Cricket World Cup . On 10 November 2011, the Hambantota bidders claimed they had already secured enough votes to win
616-735: The Queensland Police Service (QPS) who were the lead agency of the Games' security. American cyber security software company Symantec provided IT and cyber security services for the Games. The Australian Sports Anti-Doping Authority conducted an anti-doping drive in the months prior to the Games, covering around 2500 tests of Australian athletes, as well as 500 tests against international athletes. Three Australians failed drug tests in this process, along with around 20 international athletes, subject to appeal. The Commonwealth Games Federation conducted in-competition testing and, matching protocol at
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#1732855282229672-599: The Sleeman Sports Complex in the suburb of Chandler , where a new indoor cycling velodrome (Anna Meares Velodrome) was built. The Velodrome's seat capacity was 4,000 during the games mode. The Shooting disciplines were held at the Belmont Shooting Centre. In Tropical North Queensland , the Cairns Convention Centre and Townsville Entertainment Centre hosted the preliminary rounds of both
728-717: The Swimming and Diving events. Robina Stadium hosted the Rugby 7s competition and upgraded to meet World Rugby standards. The Currumbin Beachfront hosted the road racing elements of the cycling programme. Coolangatta Beachfront hosted the Beach volleyball event. Brisbane , along with the Gold Coast, forms part of the South East Queensland conurbation . Track Cycling was held at
784-606: The 2018 Commonwealth Games had a distinctive loop design and was made of macadamia wood and recycled plastic sourced from Gold Coast waterways. Its design was inspired by the Queensland's "vibrant spirit and indigenous heritage" and with sustainability. The design of the baton was unveiled on 20 November 2016 at a special ceremony in the Jupiter Gold Coast hotel . The baton was designed by the Brisbane-based firm Designworks. At
840-461: The 2018 Commonwealth Games. In October 2011, Gold Coast City Mayor Ron Clarke stated that the games would provide a strong legacy for the city after the games have ended. On 31 March 2010, a surprise bid was made for the 2018 Commonwealth Games by the Sri Lankan city of Hambantota . Hambantota was devastated by the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami , and is undergoing a major face lift. The first phase of
896-646: The 2018 Good Design Awards conducted by the Good Design Australia, the baton won the Best Product Sport and Lifestyle award. The Queen's baton relay was launched on Commonwealth Day , 13 March 2017, on the historic forecourt at Buckingham Palace in London , signalling the official countdown to the start of the Games. Accompanied by the Duke of Edinburgh and Prince Edward , Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II heralded
952-551: The Australian security companies MSS Security, Wilson Security , SecureCorp and SNP were present at the Games. The Australian Defence Force (ADF) assisted Gold Coast authorities in ensuring the security of the Games and deployed over 1,000 personnel to help with the effort. Furthermore, Operation ATLAS was the codename for the ADF contribution to the security of the Games. The Australian Federal Police and Australian Border Force assisted
1008-555: The GOLDOC. The Queensland Government Minister Kate Jones was tasked with overseeing the Games. Peter Beattie AC served as the chairman of GOLDOC who was appointed on 17 May 2016 to replace Nigel Chamier OAM . The Gold Coast 2018 was hosted across 18 venues located on the Gold Coast and in Brisbane , Townsville and Cairns . Sporting venues were well ahead available of Gold Coast 2018 ensuring that they were used and tested before
1064-507: The Games closed and passed the Commonwealth Games flag to Birmingham, England which will host the 2022 Games . There were 71 Commonwealth Games Associations competing at 2018 Commonwealth Games. Maldives were scheduled to participate, but in October 2016 they withdrew from the Commonwealth . The Gambia returned to the Commonwealth Games after being readmitted as a Commonwealth Games Federation member on 31 March 2018. It marked
1120-568: The Games. The Australian and Queensland Governments and the City of Gold Coast invested A$ 320 million to deliver new and upgraded venues. Lendlease was the overlay delivery partner and official supporter property and infrastructure of the Games. Carrara Stadium , located in the suburb of Carrara , was the main venue for Athletics , the Opening ceremony and the Closing ceremony . The seating capacity of
1176-679: The Gold Coast, Cultural Forecourt, South Bank in Brisbane, Lagoon Precinct in Cairns and Jezzine Barracks , Strand Park and Queens Gardens in Townsville. The GOLDOC delivered the event with a focus on sustainability under the guidance of the ISO 20121 event sustainability management system and the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) framework Sustainability Reporting Standards. The GOLDOC received
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#17328552822291232-458: The Government's support for Australia's 2018 FIFA World Cup Finals bid . On 16 April 2009, Queensland Premier Anna Bligh told reporters that a successful Commonwealth Games bid by Gold Coast City could help the tourist strip win a role in hosting the World Cup. "Some of the infrastructure that would be built for the Commonwealth Games will be useful for Gold Coast City to get a World Cup game out of
1288-719: The Main Media Centre and International Broadcast centre hosting over 3000 members of the worlds press. The Broadbeach Bowls Club hosted the Bowls competition. The Nerang Mountain Bike Trails was the location for the Mountain Bike competition. A new course was constructed to meet international competition requirements and temporary spectator seating for 2,000 spectators. The newly built Coomera Indoor Sports Centre hosted Gymnastics and Netball (finals). The Oxenford Studios hosted
1344-597: The Olympiade de la République in France in the 1800s. In the late 19th and early 20th century, athletes at multi-sport events were almost exclusively male. As international women's sport began to develop, events such as the Women's World Games and Olympics of Grace were held to allow women to engage in sport on the international stage. Though short-lived, events such as these led to greater inclusion of women at multi-sport events over
1400-921: The Olympics became very popular nowadays. The number of sports, initially only a few, is still growing. The Paralympic Games is the largest multi-sport event involving athletes with physical disabilities and is organized by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC). Arranged for the first time in 1960 in Rome , Italy . The number of sports, initially only a few, is still growing. The first Special Olympics International Summer Games were held in Chicago , Illinois, in 1968. The most recent Special Olympics World Winter Games in Schladming, Austria involved 25 sports and approximately 2,277 athletes from 133 countries. At
1456-701: The Qantas board on 28 November 2008. He was succeeded as CEO by Alan Joyce . Geoff Dixon is a director of the following companies: He is former chairman of the Garvan Research Foundation, the marketing and fundraising arm to the Garvan Institute of Medical Research . Dixon is a former director of Leighton Holdings and before joining Qantas, Dixon was director of marketing and industry sales at Ansett Australia and general manager of marketing and corporate affairs at Australian Airlines . He featured as
1512-730: The Sustainability Award in the Australian Business Awards 2016 for focusing on sustainable practices and planning in the preparation of the games. The GOLDOC headquarters received the 4 Star Green Star – Interiors PILOT rating from the Green Building Council of Australia. The new Anna Meares Velodrome , built specifically for the games, is the first velodrome in the world to have full LED broadcast-quality lighting that cuts energy consumption by up to 60% and reduces running costs and carbon emissions. The opening ceremony
1568-430: The athletes and officials and other services such as phone charging and watching events of the Games in televisions. Optus also provided free Wi-Fi services in the village. The sports-related costs of Gold Coast 2018 was A$ 1.5 billion ( US$ 1.2 billion). The countdown clocks were unveiled on 4 April 2013, exactly five years from the opening ceremony of the games. The clocks were shaped as a surfboard and were located at
1624-584: The baton made its way through the six Commonwealth regions of Africa, the Americas, the Caribbean, Europe, Asia and Oceania. The baton landed on Australian soil in December 2017 and then spent 100 days travelling through Australia, finishing its journey at the opening ceremony on 4 April 2018, where the message was removed from the Baton and read aloud by Charles, Prince of Wales . Tourism Australia and QSuper sponsored
1680-527: The beach end of Cavill Avenue in Surfers Paradise and in South Bank Parklands in Brisbane . The Countdown Clock was the first fixed element of the Commonwealth Games visual identity program. The ticket requests began on 24 April 2017 and ended on 22 May 2017. The first round of tickets were allocated on 22 June 2017 via a computer-generated ballot system. About 70% of the people who applied for
1736-629: The beginning of the 20th century, another multi-sport event, the Nordic Games were first held. These Games were held in Scandinavia , and the sports conducted were winter sports such as cross-country skiing and speed skating . The Nordic Games were last held in 1926, after which the 1924 Winter Sports Week in Chamonix was declared the first Olympic Winter Games . In the 1920s, all kinds of other multi-sport events were set up. These were usually directed for
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1792-492: The closing act. The ceremony transmitted live on Channel 7 attracted a peak viewing audience of over 2 million in Australia. The closing ceremony was held at Carrara Stadium on Sunday 15 April 2018 and was produced by Jack Morton Worldwide at a cost of A$ 30 million. Australian pop stars Guy Sebastian , Samantha Jade , Dami Im , Ricki Lee and The Veronicas were among the performers. Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex , declared
1848-582: The course of the 20th century. Although the modern tradition commemorates the 1921 revolution , the Naadam festival in Mongolia is a continuation of ancient sporting practises amongst Mongolians. The three events of wrestling, horse racing and archery are thought to date back centuries and represent the three most important pursuits of a strong man in nomadic society. Alongside these sporting events there are other cultural activities such as dances and parades. Since
1904-531: The establishment of the Olympics, most serial multi-sport events have been organized for specific audiences and participating countries or communities. These affiliations include: The first modern multi-sport event organised were the Olympic Games, organised by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) (est. 1894) for the first time in 1896 in Athens , Greece . After some celebrations (1900, 1904),
1960-541: The event. The Gambia , which withdrew its membership from the Commonwealth of Nations and Commonwealth Games Federation (CGF) in 2013, was readmitted on 31 March 2018 and participated in the event. With 275 sets of medals, the games featured 18 Commonwealth sports , including beach volleyball , para triathlon and women's rugby sevens . These sporting events took place at 14 venues in the host city, two venues in Brisbane and one venue each in Cairns and Townsville . This
2016-418: The evolution in athletes who are making their mark, Records are made and special moments of elation are celebrated". Approximately 1,500 medals were created to be distributed to the medalists and each measures approximately 63 millimetres in diameter. The medals weigh between 138 and 163 grams. Over 15,000 volunteers were hired for the Games. Over 45,000 applicants applied to become a volunteer. The uniforms for
2072-452: The first Games for deaf athletes. The Stoke Mandeville Wheelchair Games , incepted in 1948 in England, were the first Games for wheelchair athletes. In 1960, the first Paralympic Games were held, connected with the Olympic Games . The Special Olympics World Games , for athletes with intellectual disabilities, were first held in 1968. Geoff Dixon Geoffrey James Dixon (born 1939)
2128-466: The games. Four temporary Games lanes were introduced along the M1 and activated at different times to decrease traffic disruptions for road users. These were used by police and emergency vehicles, spectator shuttle buses and accredited Games family and athletes. The Gold Coast Airport served as the official airport for the Games. A total of 3,500 police officers from Queensland and 4,000 security personnel from
2184-653: The gym was sponsored by Technogym . Adjoining the gym was the Athlete Recovery Area. The International Zone consisted of retail services, shops and the main dining hall. The Festival 2018 events were also held in the International Zone. The Dining hall served over 18,000 meals per day to the athletes during the Games. Australian telecommunications company Optus opened a store in the International zone named "Yes Optus Store" which provided free calling services to
2240-532: The hosting rights. However, on 11 November it was officially announced Gold Coast City had won the rights to host the games. The event was overseen by the Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games Corporation (GOLDOC). The GOLDOC was formed in 2012 by the Government of Queensland . Its headquarters were located in Ashmore , a suburban region of Gold Coast. In February 2012, Mark Peters was appointed chief executive officer of
2296-720: The international and Australian segment of Queen's Baton Relay respectively, while Longines sponsored both the segments. The medals for the Games were officially unveiled at a charity gala held on 4 November 2017. Australian Indigenous artist Delvene Cockatoo-Collins designed the medals, while they were produced by the Royal Australian Mint . The design of the medals was inspired by the coastline of Gold Coast along with Indigenous culture. Furthermore, Cockatoo-Collins mentioned, "the medal design represents soft sand lines which shift with every tide and wave, also symbolic of athletic achievement, The continual change of tide represents
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2352-585: The last time that Swaziland participated in the games before being renamed as Eswatini. The 2018 Commonwealth Games featured 18 different sports encompassing 23 disciplines and 275 events. In the list below, the number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. The regulations stated that from the 26 approved sports administered by Commonwealth Governing Bodies , a minimum of ten core sports and maximum of seventeen sports must be included in any Commonwealth Games schedule. Multi-sport event The Ancient Olympic Games , first held in 776 BC,
2408-496: The medal table for the fourth time in the past five Commonwealth Games, winning the most golds (80) and most medals overall (198). England and India finished second and third respectively. Vanuatu , Cook Islands , Solomon Islands , British Virgin Islands and Dominica each won their first Commonwealth Games medals. The 2018 Commonwealth Games boosted the Queensland economy by more than A$ 2.4 billion between 2013 and 2022, while
2464-596: The men's and women's basketball competitions. The Athletes Village was officially opened from 25 March 2018 and provided accommodation and services to 6,600 athletes and officials in 1252 permanent dwellings. It was located in Southport , Gold Coast . There were 1170 one and two-bedroom apartments and 82 three-bedroom townhouses. The village had three zones - International, Residential and Operational. The residential zone accommodated athletes and officials and also offered recreation, gym and medical facilities. The equipment in
2520-405: The soccer World Cup if we're successful as a nation," she said. However, the decision on the venues for the 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cups were made eleven months prior to the bid decision for the 2018 Commonwealth Games, so the potential World Cup venues had already been chosen. On 3 June 2009, Gold Coast City was confirmed as Australia's exclusive bidder vying for the 2018 Commonwealth Games. "Should
2576-471: The sports of Boxing , Table Tennis and Squash . During Games mode the venue was enhanced to provide for the International Sporting Federation technical venue requirements and provide spectator seating of 3,000 (boxing) and 3,200 (table tennis). The Gold Coast Hockey Centre hosted the men's and women's hockey events during the games. The Southport Broadwater Parklands hosted Triathlon , Marathon and Racewalking events. The Optus aquatic centre hosted
2632-489: The stadium was temporarily increased to 40,000 for the games by the installation of a large temporary North Stand. The new Carrara Sports and Leisure Centre hosted the Badminton , Para Powerlifting , Weightlifting and Wrestling events. The Carrara Indoor Sports Stadium hosted the back-of-house event operations. The Gold Coast City Convention and Exhibition Centre , located in the suburb of Broadbeach , hosted Basketball and Netball (preliminaries) and also served as
2688-410: The start of the relay by placing her 'message to the Commonwealth and its athletes' into the distinctive loop-design Queen's Baton which then set off on its journey around the globe. The baton traveled for 388 days, spending time in every nation and territory of the Commonwealth. The Gold Coast 2018 Queen's Baton Relay was the longest in Commonwealth Games history. Covering 230,000 km over 388 days,
2744-405: The tickets had received some or all of the tickets requested in the first phase. In Australia, ticket prices ranged from A$ 10 for many events to A$ 495 for the most expensive seats at the opening ceremony. The games expected to have 1.2 million tickets for sale. Around 1.06 million tickets were sold by 3 April 2018. Ticketek was the provider of ticketing services for the Games. The Queen's baton of
2800-423: The venues constructed and upgraded for the Games generated over $ 60 million in economic benefit annually to the Gold Coast, with the success of the 2018 Commonwealth Games credited with helping Brisbane to secure hosting rights for the 2032 Summer Olympics . On 22 August 2008, the Premier of Queensland , Anna Bligh , officially launched Gold Coast City's bid to host the Commonwealth Games in 2018. On 7 April 2009,
2856-435: The volunteers were revealed on 11 November 2017 at the Gold Coast Convention and Exhibition Centre . Former Gold Coast Titans player Mat Rogers who was present at the uniform showcase ceremony, said that the uniforms were "very Gold Coast" and it was like an "active wear". Hard Yakka was the official supplier of the uniforms for the volunteers. During the Games period, free public transportation within Queensland region
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#17328552822292912-491: Was established, such as the Far Eastern Championship Games (1913), the Central American and Caribbean Games (1926) or the Pan American Games (1951). The Olympic Games are still the largest multi-sport event in the world in terms of worldwide interest and importance (though no longer in participation), but several others also have significance. Other Games are intended for handicapped or disabled athletes. The International Silent Games , first held in Paris in 1924, were
2968-434: Was held at Carrara Stadium on the Gold Coast, between 20:00 and 22:40 AEST, on 4 April 2018. The Head of the Commonwealth , Queen Elizabeth II , was represented by her son, Charles, Prince of Wales . David Zolkwer was its artistic director, with music direction by Katie Noonan . Live musical performers included Christine Anu , Delta Goodrem , Katie Noonan , Ricki-Lee Coulter and Ruel who performed "Golden Years" as
3024-400: Was provided to ticket and accreditation holders. The free transportation services were available on local buses, train and Gold Coast light rail (G:link) services on the Gold Coast and on TransLink and Qconnect bus services in Cairns and Townsville. The Gold Coast light rail system, connected a number of the key games venues including the Optus Aquatic Centre , Broadwater Parklands and
3080-442: Was the first Commonwealth Games to take place under the CGF presidency of Dame Louise Martin . The host city Gold Coast was announced at the CGF General Assembly in Basseterre , Saint Kitts , on 11 November 2011. Gold Coast became the seventh Oceanian city and the first regional city to host the Commonwealth Games. These were the eighth games to be held in Oceania and the Southern Hemisphere . The host nation Australia topped
3136-419: Was the precursor to the Modern Olympic Games , although its first edition only featured a footrace and the number of sporting competitions expanded at later editions. There were several other "games" held in Europe in the classical era : Other multi-sport festivals emerged in the Middle Ages in Europe, including the Cotswold Olimpick Games in England in the 1600s, the Highland Games in Scotland , and
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