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96-575: Goiás ( Brazilian Portuguese: [ɡo(j)ˈjas] ) is a Brazilian state located in the Midwest region. Goiás borders the Federal District and the states of (from north clockwise) Tocantins , Bahia , Minas Gerais , Mato Grosso do Sul and Mato Grosso . The state capital is Goiânia . With 7.2 million inhabitants, Goiás is the most populous state in the Midwest and the 11th most populous in

192-473: A planned city , founded on October 24, 1933, by then Governor Pedro Ludovico to serve as the new state capital and administrative center. Before this, the state capital was the town of Goiás . It is the second most populous city in the Central-West Region, only surpassed by the country's capital Brasília , located about 200 kilometers (120 miles) from Goiânia. The city is an important economic hub of

288-536: A contest was held by a local newspaper . Readers from all over the state contributed, with some of the most popular names being Petrônia, Americana, Petrolândia, Goianópolis, Goiânia, Bartolomeu Bueno, Campanha, Eldorado, Anhanguera , Liberdade, Goianésia , and Pátria Nova, among others. In 1935 Pedro Ludovico used the name Goiânia for the first time, signing a decree creating the municipality. The first buildings in this planned city, designed by Attilio Correia Lima, were inspired by art deco . The collection of buildings

384-420: A long time. In 1891, the constitutional delegates officially included the idea of transferring the capital in the constitution, which was ratified in 1898 and again in 1918. Vaguely remembered until 1930, the idea became a reality during the government of Pedro Ludovico , who was the new governor appointed for the state of Goiás after the military revolt of 1930. In 1932, a commission was created to choose where

480-503: A population density of 782.5 inhabitants per 1 square kilometre (0.4 sq mi), the largest of its state. The Human Development Index Municipal (HDI) of Goiânia is considered high by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), at 0.832, the second largest of any state of Goiás (in 242 municipalities); third of all Midwest Region of Brazil (in 446) and 111 from all over Brazil (in 5507). Considering only

576-536: A project to duplicate the BR-153 between Anápolis and the border with Tocantins . Highways in the Brazilian Highway System include BR-020 , BR-040 , BR-050 , BR-060 , BR-070 , BR-080 , Rodovia Transbrasiliana (BR-153), BR-158 , BR-251 , BR-364 , BR-414 , BR-452 ; additionally, over 60 state highways run through the state. Modernization work will soon get under way at Santa Genoveva Airport in

672-472: A state of disrepair. On September 13, 1987, a medical radiation source containing radioactive caesium-137 was stolen from an abandoned hospital in the city, causing four deaths and many non-fatal cases of radiation poisoning . The incident was catalyzed by the Caesium salt giving off Cherenkov radiation once exposed to open air. The soft bluish glow attracted many curious citizens who would take grains of

768-580: A third of the country's total production. In 2019, Goiás became the leader of the Brazilian production of garlic . Goiás was the 4th largest producer of beans in Brazil in the 2017–18 harvest, with 374 thousand tons, and has about 10% of the country's production. The state is also in 3rd place in the national production of cotton , however, most of the national production is from Mato Grosso and Bahia - Goiás has only 2.3% of participation. In sunflower , in 2020 Goiás

864-422: A wet season, from October to April, and a dry one, from May to September. Annual rainfall is around 1,300 mm (51 in). The lowest temperature ever recorded was 0.5 °C (32.9 °F) on July 18, 2000, in the suburbs. 1.2 °C (34.2 °F) was the lowest recorded downtown, on July 9, 1938. However, such lows are very rare. Temperatures may fall below 12 °C (54 °F) every winter, mainly in

960-599: Is 2.92%; the top is 4.35%; and subjective poverty incidence is 4.35%. Among Brazil's metropolises , Goiânia has the lowest number of " favelas " (Portuguese for slums) according to data extracted from the 2010 census by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, the IBGE . The IBGE named seven areas in Goiânia as being "subnormal agglomerations", a government term for irregular housing. In these locales, however, most of

1056-498: Is 83.70% European, 13.30% African and 3.0% Amerindian. Religion in Goiás (2010) According to the Census of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), in 2010 58.89% of the state's population was Roman Catholic , 28.07% were Protestants or evangelicals, 8.11% had no religion, 2.46% were Spiritists , 0.67% Jehovah's Witnesses , 1.01% other Christian religions (which include

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1152-446: Is about 1,700 millimetres (67 in), but this varies due to elevation and microclimate. Some parts of the state, however, have small remnants of tropical Atlantic forest , that mostly appears around rivers and valleys. The Great Midwest Region, consisting of the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso , Mato Grosso do Sul, and the Federal District , is among the fastest-growing regions of Brazil. The population of Goiás state tripled in size in

1248-450: Is almost entirely duplicated in the state, with more than 200 km of highways between Cristalina and the border with Minas Gerais. The BR-153 between Goiânia and the border with Minas Gerais is also duplicated, in addition to the highways that connect Goiânia with the BR-070 . Duplication of highways in the state began in the 2000s and has been constantly evolving ever since. There is currently

1344-592: Is another World Heritage Site in Goiás. Pirenópolis is a city in the interior of the State of Goiás, known for its preserved colonial homes and steep stone streets. The 15 most populous cities as estimated in 2017 by IGBE: See City population of Goiás for table showing population from 1991 to 2005 in the 37 largest cities. The main sport in the state is football. The main football clubs are Goiás , Atlético Goianiense , Vila Nova , Anápolis , Itumbiara , Anapolina , CRAC and Goiânia . The main stadiums in Goiás are

1440-414: Is based on a variety of industries, the local economy's roots are found in the agricultural industry thriving in and around the city. The supply of agricultural equipment, tools, fertilizer and other products make up a large portion of the economic activity. Second to agriculture are vehicle sales and service industry. Repairs, sales and reconditioning of vehicles are widespread and visible in all areas of

1536-431: Is connected to the federal capital, Brasília , via a four-lane tolled highway ( BR-060 ) and to São Paulo via another four-lane tolled highway ( BR-153 ). The state of Goiás maintains the main artery roads (marked GO-xxx) in and out of the capital: four-lane roads GO-403, GO–020, GO–080, GO–070, and GO–060. As Goiânia was a planned city, the downtown cores (Setores Central/Oeste/Sul) are relatively easy to navigate. Along

1632-413: Is covered with a woodland savanna known in Brazil as campo cerrado , although there are still tropical forests along the rivers. The climate of the plateau is tropical. Average monthly temperatures vary from 26 °C (79 °F) in the warmest month to 22 °C (72 °F) in the coldest. The year is divided into a rainy season (October–March) and a dry season (April–September). Average annual rainfall

1728-438: Is divided into executive , legislative and judiciary branches. The state executive branch is headed by a state governor and includes a vice governor, both elected by the citizens of the state. The governor appoints several secretaries of state (each one in charge of a given portfolio) and the state attorney-general. The state legislative branch is the legislative assembly, a unicameral body composed of deputies elected by

1824-456: Is in the city of Anápolis, which has an international gymnasium capable of hosting official matches, the Newton de Faria International Gymnasium. Olympic medalists Dante in volleyball and Carlos Jayme in swimming were born in the state, as well as medalists in world championships, such as César Sebba in basketball and Diogo Villarinho in aquatic marathon. The green bars in the flag symbolize

1920-544: Is one of the biggest productors of this gem), and sapphire (in a scarce mode). The strongest growing area in the state has been in industry and commerce. Goiás had in 2017 an industrial GDP of R$ 37.1 billion, equivalent to 3.1% of the national industry. It employs 302,952 workers in the industry. The main industrial sectors are: Construction (25.6%), Food (25.2%), Industrial Public Utility Services, such as Electricity and Water (17.2%), Petroleum Products and Biofuels (7.4%) and Chemicals (3.7%). These 5 sectors concentrate 79.1% of

2016-493: Is one of the largest/longest avenues in the city. It underwent major work in the late 1990s that created a dedicated bus lane for its entire length, with stations every 0.5 kilometer. The bus lanes are in the center of the avenue, giving it a distinct look. The fare to travel on the Anhanguera bus route is half of normal fare, and all buses on this route are articulated buses . Under the new contract, firmed in 2009, many aspects of

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2112-469: Is still representative, with 22 of them listed as National Heritage. Mostly built in the 1940s and 1950s, they have been recognized by the National Institute of Historical and Artistic Heritage . The 22 buildings and monuments are in the original center of Goiânia, as in the pioneering nucleus of Campinas , a town existing before Goiânia. Due to lack of maintenance, several of these buildings are in

2208-447: Is the only city of South America that has the ITS technology of bus transport, but the buses are usually full. Unlike most Brazilian cities, there are no ticket collectors on the buses in Goiânia; all the fares are collected using magnetic paper cards and turnstiles. Passes are provided by SitPASS and can be purchased from street vendors or in small shops throughout the city. Anhanguera Avenue

2304-662: The Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church , Eastern Orthodox Church , Mormonism and others) and 0.79% from other religions. Portuguese is the official national language, and thus the primary language taught in schools. English and Spanish, however, are also part of the official high school curriculum. The service sector is the largest component of GDP at 43.9%, followed by the industrial sector at 35.4%. Agriculture represents 20.7%, of GDP (2004). Goiás exports: soybean 49.2%, meat of cattle 10.5%, gold 9.1%, other meat 7.5%, iron 7.4%, leather 4% (2002). Share of

2400-559: The Central-West Region and the 10th-largest in the country. Its metropolitan area has a population of 2,890,418, making it the 12th-largest in Brazil. With an area of approximately 739 square kilometres (285 square miles), it has a continuous geography with few hills and lowlands, with flat lands in most of its territory, especially the Meia Ponte River , in addition to Botafogo and Capim Puba streams. Goiânia has its origins as

2496-537: The Hidrovia Tietê-Paraná . One of the most important railways in the state is the Ferrovia Norte-Sul (North-South Railway). On March 4, 2021, the section between São Simão (GO) and Estrela d'Oeste (SP) entered into operation. In São Simão, a terminal with a static capacity of 42,000 tons and the capacity to process 5.5 million tons of soybeans, corn and soybean meal per year was built. On May 29, 2021,

2592-545: The Serra Dourada Stadium and the Pedro Ludovico Teixeira Olympic Stadium , which was chosen as one of the hosts of the 2019 FIFA U-17 World Cup . Volleyball is also widely practiced by the population of Goiás, occupying the 3rd place in preference, with futsal in second place. Rugby occupies the fourth place in the preference of Goiás. A place where volleyball and futsal are widely practiced

2688-501: The State of Grão-Pará and Rio Negro and the State of Maranhão and Piauí , which had been split from the State of Maranhão, were reincorporated into the State of Brazil in 1775, under a single governor-general. This centralization later helped to keep Brazil as a unified nation-state, avoiding fragmentation similar to that of the Spanish domains. The captaincies became provinces in 1821, during

2784-527: The Vargas regime detached six strategic territories from the borders of the country to administer them directly: the archipelago of Fernando de Noronha (from Pernambuco), Amapá (from Pará), Rio Branco (from Amazonas), Guaporé (from Mato Grosso and Amazonas), Ponta Porã (from Mato Grosso) and Iguaçu (from Paraná and Santa Catarina ). Shortly after the war, the Brazilian constitution of 1946 returned Ponta Porã and Iguaçu to their original states. Guaporé

2880-624: The captaincies established by Portugal following the Treaty of Tordesillas which divided the World between Portugal and Spain. The first administrative divisions of Brazil were the hereditary captaincies ( capitanias hereditárias ), stretches of land granted by the Portuguese Crown to noblemen or merchants with a charter to colonize the land. The first such captaincy was the island of São João , granted in 1504 to Fernão de Loronha . The continental land

2976-452: The 2019–20 harvest. In the same year, it was the 4th largest producer of soy , with 12.46 million tons. It has the national leadership in the production of sorghum : it produced 44% of the Brazilian crop production in the 2019–2020 cycle, with a harvest of 1.09 million tons. In 2017, it was the 4th largest producer of maize in the country. The state is also the Brazilian leader in tomato production: in 2019 it produced over 1.2 million tons,

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3072-488: The Brazilian economy: 2.4% (2005). Goiás is a leader in the country in crop raising. In 2016, Goiás had the 3rd largest cattle herd in Brazil: 22.6 million head of cattle. The number of pigs in Goiás was approximately 2.0 million head in 2015. The State had the 6th largest Brazilian herd, 5% of the national herd. Among the municipalities in Goiás that stood out, Rio Verde had the 3rd largest national population. In 2016, Goiás

3168-595: The Citizens' Council for Public Security and Criminal Justice — that Goiânia ranks as the 40th most dangerous city in the world. The city is patrolled and under the watch of the Goias Military Police, which is responsible for responding to crime and maintaining check points in the city and state. The Military Police are normally dressed in light tan military uniforms while patrolling. The prosecution and investigations of crime and all administration issues are handled by

3264-486: The Civil police ( Policia Civil ). Within Goiânia traffic rules are enforced by the "AMT", whose members are traffic wardens with some minor police powers. This unit falls under the ownership of the city. Their responsibilities are to ensure road rules are enforced and attend to all accidents on the city streets. Goiânia is home to a large number of skyscrapers dominating the center and one-floor family homes spreading out across

3360-566: The Crown, becoming royal captaincies. The government of the Marquis of Pombal (1750–1777) significantly centralized the administration of the Portuguese colonies. By 1759, all captaincies had been returned to the Crown, with captains becoming appointed rather than recognized by inheritance. Some captaincies were designated as captaincies-general , to which other captaincies were subordinated. In addition,

3456-578: The Federal District ( Formosa , Planaltina de Goiás , and Luziânia ). The first European exploration of this interior part of Brazil was carried out by expeditions from São Paulo in the 17th century. Gold was discovered in the gravel of a tributary of the Araguaia River by the bandeirante Bartolomeu Bueno da Silva (the Anhanguera) in 1682. The settlement he founded there, called Santa Anna, became

3552-438: The arrival of pioneers from São Paulo. The Rio Vermelho region was the first to be occupied, where Vila Boa (later renamed Goiás ) was founded. The development and settlement of the state took place, in a more intensified way, starting in the 1930s with the founding of the new capital, Goiânia, and especially with the construction of Brasília in the 1950s. Goiás is characterized by a landscape of chapadões (plateaus). In

3648-486: The biggest parks is the Bosque dos Buritís with an area of 140,000 square m and containing many buriti palm trees, which have a yellow fruit. Parque Areião is home to monkeys native to the area. Almost all of the parks are surrounded by walking paths. Goiânia is known for being the ‘spring capital’ and was planned as a modern city, growing outside from the center. In the starting years this building plan worked well, but through

3744-419: The cerrado, including 180 reptile species, 113 amphibians , 837 birds and 195 mammals (WWF). Among the invertebrates , the most notable are the termites and the leaf-cutter ants ("saúvas"). They are the main herbivores of the cerrado, important to consuming and decomposing of organic matter , as well as constituting an important food source to many other animal species. While Goiânia's economy today

3840-437: The citizens of the state. The judiciary in each of the states is composed of judges of law, who constitute the courts of first instance , and a Court of Justice , which is the court of second instance of the state and is composed of judges called desembargadores . Judges qualify through exams or are appointed. The states are divided into municipalities , which have different competences and are considered autonomous from

3936-443: The city of Rio de Janeiro. In 1977, the southern part of Mato Grosso became the state of Mato Grosso do Sul . In 1981, Rondônia became a state. The Brazilian constitution of 1988 created the state of Tocantins from the northern portion of Goiás, established Amapá and Roraima as states, and returned the archipelago of Fernando de Noronha to Pernambuco. The constitution thus ended all remaining territories, although it maintained

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4032-433: The city. The third largest contributor to the economy is the government sector. As Goiânia is the state capital of Goiás, it is home to many federal and state government agencies that provide a large number of jobs. In recent years, modern telecommunications, with its supporting industry, has begun to expand into Goiânia. Many large Brazilian companies have established offices in the city. In addition, due to Goiânia being

4128-469: The colonial town of Goiás Velho , the former state capital. In 1744 the large inland area, much of it still unexplored by Europeans, was made a Captaincy General , and in 1822 it became a province of the empire of Brazil . It became a state in 1889. The Brazilian constitution of 1891 specified that the nation's capital should be moved to the Brazilian Highlands ( Planalto Central ), and in 1956 Goiás

4224-514: The country . It has the ninth largest economy among Brazilian federative units. In Brazil's geoeconomic division, Goiás belongs to the Centro-Sul (Center-South), being the northernmost state of the southern portion of Brazil. The state has 3.3% of the Brazilian population and is responsible for 2.7% of the Brazilian GDP . The history of Goiás dates back to the beginning of the 18th century, with

4320-458: The cultural variety verifiable in Goiânia, there are religious manifestations present in the city. According to the IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics), the population of Goiânia is composed mostly of Catholics (50.8%), evangelicals (32.4%), and spiritists (4.2%). Approximately 10% of the population has no religion. It is also home to a number of practitioners of other religions (2.3%). Notable institutes include: Goiânia

4416-463: The education, the index value is 0.933 (classified as very high), while Brazil's is 0.849. The longevity index is 0.751 (0.638 is Brazilian) and income is 0.813 (that of Brazil is 0.723). The city has most of the indicators high and similar to the national average according to UNDP. The literacy rate is 96.78% of adults. The incidence of poverty, measured by the IBGE, is 3.64%; the lower the incidence of poverty

4512-419: The efforts to move the state capital was the need to locate it in accordance with the economic interests of the state. The first state capital , Vila Boa (today City of Goiás ), had been chosen when the economy was based on gold extraction. Later, when cattle-raising and agriculture came to dominate the state's development, the old capital was considered remote. Legislators kept the idea of change alive for

4608-602: The final years of the Kingdom of Brazil ( united with Portugal ), and maintained that designation after independence in 1822 under the Empire of Brazil . Most internal boundaries were kept unchanged from the end of the colonial period, generally following natural features such as rivers and mountain ridges. Some changes were made to suit domestic politics (transferring the Triângulo Mineiro from Goiás to Minas Gerais , transferring

4704-550: The first governor-general of the vast Portuguese dominion in South America, known as the State of Brazil ( Estado do Brasil ). In 1621, the northern part of the dominion was detached, becoming a separate entity known as the State of Maranhão . However, captaincies continued existing under both states as regional administrations. During the Iberian Union (1580–1640), which allowed Portuguese settlers to enter Spanish domains,

4800-463: The first railway composition loaded with soybeans departed from the multimodal terminal of Rio Verde (GO), bound for the Port of Santos . This trip marked the inauguration of the section between Rio Verde and São Simão (GO) with just over 200 km. It is a city located in the southeast of the state, where hot springs are located, being the largest hydrothermal resort in the world, with several resorts that use

4896-418: The following numbers: 3,822,864 Pardo (Multiracial) people (54.2%), 2,557,454 White people (36.2%), 648,560 Black people (9.2%), 16,985 Asian people (0.2%), 10,432 Amerindian people (0.1%). Ethnic groups found in Goiás include: Italians , Amerindians , Portuguese , Africans , Germans , Arabs , Lebanese and Syrian . According to an autosomal DNA study from 2008, the ancestral composition of Goiás

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4992-636: The form of a spoke, with the Praça Cívica as the center, with the seats of the state and municipal government — the Palace of Emeralds and the Palace of Campinas. In 1937, a decree was signed transferring the state capital from the Cidade de Goiás to Goiânia. The official inauguration occurred in 1942 with the presence of the president of the republic, governors, and ministers. The name, Goiânia, came about in 1933 after

5088-423: The government of the Federal District, which exercises constitutional and legal powers that are equivalent to those of the states , as well as those of the municipalities, thus simultaneously assuming all the obligations arising from them. Fernando de Noronha is not a municipality, but a state district of Pernambuco (the only state district in the country). It is governed by an administrator-general, appointed by

5184-475: The governor of Pernambuco, and a council whose members are elected by the citizens of the district. All states and the Federal District are represented in the national congress , each with three senators and between eight and 70 deputies , depending on their population. The citizens of all states and the Federal District vote for these national representatives and for president and vice president . The present states of Brazil trace their history directly to

5280-606: The height of the drought season, from June to September, the lack of rain makes the level of the Araguaia River go down and exposes almost 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) of beaches. At the Emas National Park in the municipality of Mineiros , it is possible to observe the typical fauna and flora from the region. At the Chapada dos Veadeiros the main attractions are the canyons, valleys, rapids and waterfalls. Other attractions include

5376-600: The historical city of Goiás and the hot springs of Caldas Novas . Goiás occupies a large plateau, the vast almost level surface of which stands between 750 and 900 m above sea level and forms the divide between three of Brazil's largest river systems: to the south, Goiás is drained by the Paranaíba river , a tributary of the Paraná River ; to the east it is drained by tributaries of the São Francisco River ; and northward

5472-419: The households do have electricity, water, and trash collection. While perhaps not fitting the criteria of favelas , Goiânia has several sectors, particularly on the outskirts, that are low income. Goiânia is a multiracial city as the result of intense migration. The populace has intimate connection with the settlement of the interior of the Brazilian center-west, gradually attracted mainly by migrants from

5568-427: The interior of Goiás and other regions in other states of Brazil. According to a survey in 2010, most migrants are from Minas Gerais , Bahia , Tocantins , Maranhão , São Paulo and Pará . According to the census of the IBGE 2022, in search of self-declaration, the population of Goiânia is composed of Multiracial (48.0%), White (43.6%), Black (7.9%), Asian (0.3%) and Amerindian (0.1%). Initially, Goiânia

5664-400: The large population in the vicinity of Goiânia and Brasília — that spurred the growth of the city and the region between it and the federal capital — making the axis Brasília-Goiânia's third largest agglomeration in the country, bringing together about nine million people. The metropolitan area of Goiânia is the tenth largest agglomeration urban Brazil, with a population of 2,173,141, presents

5760-460: The new airport can receive up to 6,5 million passengers a year. Aeródromo Nacional de Aviação handles general aviation operations. Goiânia is considered a safe city compared to most state capitals within Brazil. The average murder rate per year is under 450 persons per year according to the Goiás State Police. It was, however, found in a study in 2011 performed by a Mexican think tank —

5856-404: The new capital would be built. The choice was the municipality of Campinas. The mayor at the time, Andrelino Rodrigues de Moraes , accepted the plan and donated about 242 acres of his land to build the new state capital. In 1933 the commission decided on the present location and the foundation stone was laid. The plan was for a city of 50,000 with the shape of a concentric radius — streets in

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5952-602: The northeast side of Goiânia. With nominal yearly capacity of 600,000 passengers, in 2004 it received 950,000. With its new terminal, it will be able to handle up to 2 million users a year. Air traffic in Goiás has several airports. An airbase has been built in Anápolis for supersonic aircraft of the Brazilian Air Force . There is only a waterway on the Paranaíba River, and its main port is São Simão , which forms part of

6048-401: The only two producers in the country, Goiás being the 1st in production, having obtained 154 thousand tons at a value of R$ 1.4 billion. In copper , it was the 2nd largest producer in the country, with 242 thousand tons, at a value of R$ 1.4 billion. In gold , it was the 4th largest producer in the country, with 10.2 tons, at a value of R$ 823 million. In niobium (in the form of pyrochlorine), it

6144-487: The per-capita green area claim may need to be reviewed. The idea of creating a new state capital had been bounced around from early on in the state of Goiás. The first plan came from D. Marcos de Noronha who in 1753 wanted to establish the state capital in the municipality of Pirenópolis; again in 1863 José Vieira Couto de Magalhães put forward a plan to move the capital to the edge of the Araguaia river. The impetus behind

6240-441: The period from 1950 to 1980 and is still growing very quickly. However, outside the Federal District and the Goiânia metropolitan region (with a population of over a million) most of Goiás is very thinly populated. The chief concentration of settlement is in the southeast, in the area of Goiânia (Goiânia and Aparecida de Goiânia ), across the border from Minas Gerais ( Catalão , Rio Verde , Jataí , and Caldas Novas ), and around

6336-502: The population. The former owner of the health clinic where the container was taken from was barred from retrieving some equipment from the building by court appointed guards. The owner then ominously warned that the guards would be responsible for what happened with "the Caesium bomb", referring to the radiotherapy machine that would be responsible for the incident. The city has a tropical wet and dry climate ( Köppen : Aw) with an average temperature of 23.2 °C (73.8 °F). It has

6432-460: The possibility of creating others in the future. On 11 December 2011, a consultative referendum was held in the state of Pará about creating two new states from parts of it ( Tapajós and Carajás , with the rest of the state remaining as Pará). Both proposals were rejected by about 66% of statewide voters, but reflecting a strong geographic split with over 90% approval by voters in the proposed breakaway regions and over 90% disapproval by those in

6528-409: The production of sugarcane , corn , soy , sorghum , beans , sunflower , tomato , garlic , in addition to also producing cotton , rice , coffee and wheat . In 2019, Goiás was the Brazilian state with the 4th highest grain production, 10% of the national production. Goiás is the 2nd largest producer of sugarcane in the country, 11.3% of national production, with 75.7 million tons harvested in

6624-512: The public transportation are being changed: Santa Genoveva Airport is on the northeast side Goiânia. Six airlines fly out of this airport to destinations in Brazil. The new Santa Genoveva International Airport started operating in May, 2016. In total, the new airport has 34,100 m , 4 gates, 23 check-in counters, 11 elevators, 4 escalators, 3 baggage carousels and 3 inspection lines with X-ray and metal detectors. According to Infraero, with this structure,

6720-473: The quick growth the plan was not followed to the letter, with the exception of the green areas, causing severe infrastructure problems in some areas, in particular with the public transport and healthcare systems. In the Bosque dos Buritis is the Monument for World Peace, designed by Siron Franco . This monument contains a 7-meter high ampoule with walls of glass and the soil of more than 50 countries from all over

6816-441: The region and is considered a strategic center for such areas as industry, medicine, fashion and agriculture. Goiânia has previously been described as having the largest green area per inhabitant in Brazil and the second-most in the world, after Edmonton , Alberta, Canada. With rapid population growth and urban expansion, satellite imagery shows the majority of the green area is now at the periphery of its sprawling city limits, and

6912-465: The rest of the state. Other statistics, by: highest point , literacy rate , life expectancy , infant mortality , murder rate . Goi%C3%A2nia Goiânia ( / ɡ ɔɪ ˈ ɑː n i ə / goy- AH -nee-ə , Brazilian Portuguese: [ɡo(j)ˈjɐniɐ] ) is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian state of Goiás . With a population of 1,536,097, it is the second-largest city in

7008-441: The salt for themselves and family members in the form of jewelry. Those who had not taken any of the salt but were in close contact with it also helped the spread of radiation sickness that set in within hours to days of exposure. Several city blocks had to be demolished due to the contamination. The International Atomic Energy Agency report noted that city and state officials acted with remarkable speed to prevent further injury to

7104-404: The south bank of the São Francisco River from Pernambuco to Minas Gerais and later to Bahia , separating the capital city of Rio de Janeiro as a Neutral Municipality outside any province, splitting Amazonas from Pará , and splitting Paraná from São Paulo ), as well as international border adjustments resulting from diplomatic settlement of territorial disputes. The Cisplatine Province

7200-590: The spring and the yellow bars gold. The blue rectangle in the topleft corner symbolizes the sky, with the five stars forming the constellation of the Southern Cross . The flag was adopted on 30 July 1919. It is a toned down version of the original Republican flag of Brazil , in itself not original. Historic Centre of the Town of Goiás World Heritage Site Google Arts and Culture Platform States of Brazil Recent elections The government of each state of Brazil

7296-478: The state began to feel abandoned by the southern government and began a movement for separation. Local political leaders also encouraged the movement. In 1988 the northern half of Goiás became a separate state called Tocantins . According to the 2022 census , there were 7,056,495 people residing in the state. The population density was 20.7 inh./km. Urbanization: 88.6% (2006); Population growth : 2.5% (1991–2000); Houses: 1,749,000 (2006). The 2022 census revealed

7392-452: The state capital, it is home to countless private medical centers/clinics of all kinds. In 2005, the GDP of the city was R$ 13,354,065.00. In the same year, the per capita income for the city was R$ 11,119. The population of the municipality in 2011, according to the IBGE , was 1,302,001 inhabitants, being the most populous municipality in the state and 12th in Brazil . The main reason for

7488-420: The state had a total road network of 96,642.1 km, including municipal, state and federal roads. As of December 2021, Goiás owned, in addition to municipal roads, 21,212.67 km of Goiás state roads and 2,094.3 km of federal roads. There are more than 13,000 km of paved roads and about 1,200 km are duplicated highways . The BR-060 has more than 520 km duplicated between Brasilia , Goiânia and Jataí . The BR-050

7584-590: The state is drained by the Araguaia River and the Tocantins River and their tributaries. Other major rivers in the state are the Meia Ponte , Aporé, São Marcos, Corumbá River , Claro, Maranhão , Paranã and Preto . None of these rivers is navigable except for short distances by small craft. The state's highest point is Pouso Alto, at 1,676 metres (5,499 ft) above sea level, in the Chapada dos Veadeiros. Goiás

7680-477: The state's industry. Goiânia and Aparecida de Goiânia have become centers of food-processing industries, Anápolis of pharmaceutical factories. Rio Verde , in the southwest, is one of the fastest growing small cities with many new industries locating in the area and Catalão is a metal-mechanical and chemical center. In Brazil, the automotive sector represents close to 22% of industrial GDP. Goiás has Mitsubishi , Suzuki and Hyundai factories. In 2017,

7776-426: The states. Municipalities have a mayor, vice mayor and a chamber of aldermen, all elected by the citizens of the municipality, but do not have a separate judiciary. The Federal District has the same executive, legislative and judiciary organization as a state, but it cannot be divided into municipalities, which is why its territory is composed of several administrative regions . These regions are directly managed by

7872-538: The suburbs. The highest temperature ever recorded was 41.2 °C (106.2 °F) on October 7, 2020. The " cerrado " landscape is characterized by extensive savanna formations crossed by gallery forests and stream valleys and includes various types of vegetation . Humid fields and "buriti" palm paths are found where the water table is near the surface. Alpine pastures occur at higher altitudes and mesophytic forests on more fertile soils . More than 1600 species of mammals, birds and reptiles have been identified in

7968-417: The territory of Portuguese colonial domains in South America was more than doubled, with both states of Brazil and Maranhão greatly expanding westward. After the union ended, Portugal asserted its territorial claims, which Spain eventually accepted with the Treaty of Madrid in 1750. Several captaincies were created or merged during this period, in both the original and western domains, and some were returned to

8064-519: The verdant tree-covered plain. Many of the streets are lined with tropical fruit trees, and there are many parks with remnants of the original tropical vegetation. Thirty percent of the city area is planted in trees — 3.75 square kilometres (1.45 sq mi) of the 11 square kilometres (4.25 sq mi). The most important of these parks are the Parque Zoológico, Parque Vaca Brava, Parque Ecológico, Bosque dos Buritis and Parque Areião. One of

8160-475: The waters of these thermal springs for therapeutic and leisure purposes. Some resorts in the city are inspired by the ancient Roman Baths.The Region attracts tourists from all over Brazil and the world. It is an ecological national park famous for the diversity of its landscape and the richness of its fauna and flora. An internationally famous World Heritage Site , the city is notable for its historical importance and colonial architecture. The Emas National Park

8256-471: The years, the planned urban development was replaced by the typical Brazilian way of urban growth, i.e., pure laissez-faire. Social and urban demands were neglected. Due to this lack of planning and reliable public transportation, Goiânia is the metropolis with the highest number of cars per capita in the country; there are 1,000,000 registered motor vehicles in the city. The many vehicles on the roads cause major congestion during peak times. The Railway line

8352-487: Was annexed into Brazil in 1821, declared independence as Uruguay in 1825, and was recognized by the Treaty of Montevideo in 1828. When Brazil became a republic in 1889, all provinces became states, and the Neutral Municipality became the Federal District. In 1903, Brazil acquired the territory of Acre from Bolivia with the Treaty of Petrópolis . In 1942–1943, with the entrance of Brazil into World War II ,

8448-460: Was closed in the 1970s, though the art deco station remains open to the public. Nowadays transportation of goods is carried out via the connecting highways . All public transportation is via bus. Bus service in Goiânia is provided by several transportation companies working under the municipality. There is a bus system map the can be founded in RMTC site. Buses run on a predictable time schedule. Goiânia

8544-412: Was divided into captaincies in 1534, generally following lines of latitude, although some followed meridians or diagonal lines. Each of the holders of these captaincies was referred to as a captain donatary ( capitão donatário ). The captaincies were to be inherited by the holders' descendants, but the Crown retained the power to reacquire them. In 1549, the Portuguese Crown appointed Tomé de Sousa as

8640-505: Was held. Goiânia is now one of the fastest-growing cities in Brazil and one of the most livable cities in the country. It stands out as both an industrial center (along with the neighboring towns of Anápolis and Aparecida de Goiânia ) and as a cultural center for country culture and music, known as Sertanejo . Due to the relatively large territory of the state, which was over 600,000 square kilometres (230,000 sq mi), communications were obviously very difficult. The northern part of

8736-480: Was populated by migrants from the interior of Goiás. Its creation was crucial to the population growth in the state, since Vila Boa , the ancient capital showed signs of declining population, is considered a setback for the state. The founding of Goiânia is now considered a successful settlement of the Brazilian interior. Today, the population coming from Goiânia is predominantly Minas Gerais , Bahia , Tocantins , Maranhão , São Paulo and Pará , respectively. Like

8832-461: Was renamed Rondônia in 1956, and Rio Branco was renamed Roraima in 1962, while remaining territories along with Amapá and Fernando de Noronha. Acre became a state in 1962. In 1960, the rectangular-shaped Distrito Federal was carved out of Goiás to contain the new capital, Brasília . The previous federal district became the state of Guanabara , but in 1975 it was reincorporated into its original state of Rio de Janeiro , becoming its capital as

8928-405: Was selected as the site for the federal district and capital national, Brasília . The seat of the federal government was officially moved to Brasília in 1960. Goiânia , the largest city and capital was planned in 1933 to replace the old, inaccessible former state capital of Goiás, 110 kilometres (68 mi) northwest. In 1937 the state government moved there, and in 1942 the official inauguration

9024-427: Was the 2nd largest national producer, with 41.8%, losing only from Mato Grosso. In rice , Goiás is the 8th largest producer in Brazil, with 1% of national production. Minerals are also important with the state being a major producer of nickel , copper , gold , niobium and aluminum ( bauxite ). Goiás had 4.58% of the national mineral participation (3rd place in the country) in 2017. At nickel , Goiás and Pará are

9120-469: Was the 2nd largest producer in the country, with 27 thousand tons, at a value of R$ 312 million. In aluminum ( bauxite ), it was the 3rd largest producer in the country, with 766 thousand tons, at a value of R$ 51 million. In gemstones, Goiás is one of the emerald producing states in Brazil. Campos Verdes is considered the "Capital of the Emeralds". The state also has known production of tourmaline (Brazil

9216-445: Was the 4th largest milk producer, accounting for 10.1% of the country's milk production. The number of chickens in the State was 64.2 million head in 2015. The production of chicken eggs this year was 188 million dozens. Goiás was the 9th largest producer of eggs, 5% of national production. Agriculture as a total represented 21% of the GDP of the state. The state of Goiás stands out in

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