Gloggnitz is a mountain town in the Neunkirchen district of Lower Austria , Austria .
62-726: Gloggnitz is situated in the south-western part of the Vienna Basin in Lower Austria . It is surrounded by the highest mountains in Lower Austria, Mount Rax (2007m / 6585 ft) and Mount Schneeberg (2076m / 6811 ft). The town is also a major traffic junction: Gloggnitz is situated on the main Südbahn (the important rail route between Vienna and Trieste in Italy ) and the S6 motorway. Gloggnitz
124-469: A Nazi two months earlier. His successor Kurt Schuschnigg had Dollfuß buried there; the regime named the church the "Seipel-Dollfuß Memorial Church". After the 1938 annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany , it had both coffins reburied in 1939: Seipel's coffin was moved to a grave of honor at the Vienna Central Cemetery . The grave is located directly next to the presidential crypt in front of
186-527: A "certain kind of merchant mentality" by which the people felt threatened in their economic existence. Austria, Seipel said, was "in danger of being dominated economically, culturally, and politically by the Jews." As a solution to the so-called Jewish question, he proposed recognizing the Jews as a national minority. While Seipel's politics were initially characterized by a belief in Austria's self-reliance, he later took
248-543: A Viennese carriage driver, Seipel graduated from an academic high school ( Staatsgymnasium ) in Vienna in 1895, then studied Catholic theology at the University of Vienna . He was ordained a priest on 23 July 1899 and received his doctorate in theology in 1903. Seipel was a member or honorary member of numerous Catholic student fraternities. In his 1907 work reflecting Catholic social teaching , Ethical Teachings on Economics of
310-439: A big audience when they granted Gloggnitz the grant of privileges due to a town. World War II and the unsettled post-war period meant many upheavals in the lives of the citizens of Gloggnitz. There were many structural changes, particularly in relation to the labour market and the development of housing. It took decades until the town regained the opportunity to take measures to boost its tourist industry. In 1972 Gloggnitz became
372-494: A member of the Semmering-Rax-Schneeberg Tourism Association. This partnership has been beneficial in promoting Gloggnitz and its surrounding area as sites of interest to both national and international visitors. The more-than-900-year-old town of Gloggnitz is still an important traffic junction in the east of Austria and has not lost any of its geographical significance. Alongside municipal buildings,
434-507: A prominent Austrian jurist and the last Imperial Minister-President , who appointed him Minister of Social Welfare in his cabinet in late 1918. Although a monarchist , Seipel played a key role in helping the Christian Socialists accept the new republican system. He built up political Catholicism by aligning the clericals with Vienna's large bourgeoisie, often of Jewish descent. Over time, his political stance evolved: while initially
496-957: A series of sedimentary layers that were deposited in the Neogene . It is situated on top of the Alpine fold and thrust belt, located at the junction between the Eastern Alps, the Carpathians, and the Pannonian Basin system. The Vienna Basin has been influenced by the evolution of each of these geologic systems. The basin is characterized by four distinct tectonic phases; (1) Early Miocene piggyback basin , (2) Middle–Late Miocene pull-apart basin , (3) Late Miocene– Pliocene compression and basin inversion, and (4) Quaternary basin formation. The basin has been studied intensively starting with classical paleontological–stratigraphical papers and then continuing since
558-439: A source of misfortune for the country; but the one who is himself a fighter will not deny human respect even to the genuine fighter in the camp of the opponent. Now he is dead; the bourgeois parties have no personality to rise above mediocrity. At his bier we too can say of him: he was a man, taken all in all. The soldier does not refuse the last military honors to the fallen enemy. So to the great enemy we also send three salvos over
620-538: A speech that was clearly tinged with anti-Semitism, Seipel called for a numerus clausus – an enrollment limit – for Jews at higher-level schools, colleges, and universities "according to population". Seipel served as chairman of the Christian Social Party (CS) from 1921 to 1930. At his party's request, he was Chancellor of Austria in a Christian Social – Greater German coalition from 31 May 1922 to 20 November 1924. During his first term he personally coordinated
682-677: A strong supporter of the Austria–Hungary and the Habsburg dynasty , after World War I , he adopted a conciliatory approach toward socialists and democracy to prevent the establishment of a left-wing dictatorship . Later, between 1922 and 1924, he distanced himself from the socialists, forming alliances with capitalist and anti-Marxist groups. Disillusioned with democracy, by 1927, Seipel advocated for replacing it with an authoritarian system with clerical. A dominant figure in Austrian politics during
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#1732859161468744-689: Is a geologically young tectonic burial basin and sedimentary basin in the seam area between the Alps , the Carpathians and the Pannonian Plain . Although it topographically separates the Alps from the Western Carpathians , it connects them geologically via corresponding rocks underground. The fairly level area has the shape of a spindle , over an area of 50 km (31 mi) by 200 km (120 mi). In
806-508: Is famous for producing two of Austria's most distinguished Federal Presidents. Federal President Dr Michael Hainisch (1858–1940) and the Chancellor of State and later Federal President Dr Karl Renner (1870–1950) were both Gloggnitz citizens. Dr Karl Renner spent 42 years of his life in Gloggnitz (up until his death in 1950). On the occasion of the anniversary of his hundredth birthday a monument
868-409: Is the new Catholic parish church, designed by the world-famous Austrian architect Prof Clemens Holzmeister . It was completed in 1962. This is one of Gloggnitz's oldest buildings. The estimated date of construction lies between 1001 and 1102 A.D. This date is dependent upon different historical appraisals. It is situated in the town centre (Hauptplatz). The Herrenhaus is a baroque manor-house and
930-752: The First Austrian Republic , which replaced the Republic of German-Austria. Seipel's parliamentary group elected him to the club presidium, one of its leadership bodies. Seipel prevented the party from splitting in 1918 over the question of the abolition of the monarchy that was advocated by the Social Democrats and the greater Germans, the name for those who wanted Austria to join the German Reich (the Weimar Republic ). In March 1919 he spoke out against
992-599: The Parliament building . In 1940 it was renamed after the Nazi Gauleiter Josef Bürckel ; on 27 April 1945 it became Seipel-Ring again and on 8 July 1956 it was given its present name, Dr.- Karl-Renner -Ring. In Hugo Bettauer's 1922 novel Die Stadt ohne Juden (The City Without Jews), the character of the Christian Socialist Chancellor Dr. Karl Schwertfeger, who has all Jews expelled from
1054-560: The Semmering Railway encouraged further progress. On 5 May 1842, the first train on the "Südbahn" arrived in Gloggnitz. In its earliest years the railway opened up the mountain scenery to the people of Vienna. Thousands of tourists visited Gloggnitz and went hiking around Vienna's so-called "Home Mountains", Mount Rax and Mount Schneeberg. In 1854 the railway passage over Semmering was established. The number of Gloggnitz houses and citizens increased steadily between 1796 and 1836. Prior to
1116-581: The Slavic word "Klokati", which means "bubble" or "murmur", and was first mentioned in 1094. "Clocniza" or "Glocniza" means "Murmuring River". Monks from the Bavarian monastery of Formbach built a hermitage near the River Schwarza. This led to the establishment of a provostry for Gloggnitz. In the 15th century the monks and local inhabitants were active farmers, craftsmen, and wine makers. Later climate changes made
1178-657: The St. Charles Borromeo Cemetery Church , then called the "Dr. Karl Lueger Memorial Church" after the founder of the Christian Social Party. Dollfuß was buried in the Hietzing cemetery in Vienna. On 27 April 1934 the dictatorial city administration renamed the Ring of November 12, a part of Vienna's Ringstrasse commemorating the founding of the Republic, to the Dr.-Ignaz-Seipel-Ring in the section in front of
1240-569: The University of Vienna . He studied theology and was ordained as a priest in 1899. After serving in a rural parish, he returned to the imperial capital to pursue a doctorate. In 1908, he became an assistant professor of moral theology at the University of Vienna, and a year later, a full professor of the same discipline at the University of Salzburg , where he taught for the next eight years. Seipel took an interest in social, educational, and economic issues and became friends with Heinrich Lammasch ,
1302-475: The 1920s, Seipel served as Chancellor from 31 May 1922 to 3 April 1929, except for a period between 1924 and 1926. In 1922, he managed to end severe inflation through an international stabilization loan, although this meant subjecting state economic policy to the supervision of the League of Nations . Deeply anti-socialist, he led a government coalition of Christian Socialists and Pan- Germans . Considered brilliant and
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#17328591614681364-554: The Austrian Republic's new parliamentary democracy, he was clearly skeptical of it. During the preliminary deliberations on the Federal Constitution in 1920 and thereafter in 1922, Seipel advocated a partial weakening of parliament in favor of a federal president endowed with significantly more extensive powers. At the same time, Seipel supported the development of militant right-wing groups in Vienna, as seen above all in
1426-488: The Austrian citizenship of German soldiers in other cases, but Seipel adhered to his legal opinion. After fierce criticism from his own party and an assassination attempt on 1 June 1924, he resigned on 8 November 1924 but remained chairman of the Christian Socialist Deputies' Association. The would-be assassin, Karl Jaworek (or Jawurek), blamed Seipel for his poverty and shot the Chancellor at close range on
1488-584: The Bavarian Immigration Police considered deporting Adolf Hitler from Bavaria to Austria if he were released from prison early. Hitler had been serving time at Landsberg Prison in Bavaria since April 1924 following his failed Beer Hall Putsch in 1923. Seipel did not want the putschist and troublemaker back in Austria and sent Bavaria a statement saying that Hitler had become a German by serving in its army. Bavaria attested that Austria had recognized
1550-510: The Christian Socialists' acceptance of the republic and their eventual abandonment of democracy. In his later years, Seipel supported constitutional reforms to establish an authoritarian government and worked closely with fascist groups like the Heimwehr ( Home Guard ), an organization similar to the German Freikorps . He died in 1932, suffering from diabetes and tuberculosis . The son of
1612-534: The Church Fathers, he was the first to use the phrase "economic ethics". In 1908 he joined the Catholic Theological Faculty of the University of Vienna. From 1909 to 1917 he was professor of moral theology at the University of Salzburg . There he published his study Nation and State (1916), which helped cement his later prominent role in the Christian Social Party. In the book he viewed the state –
1674-540: The Lower Austrian sanatorium Wienerwald. Otto Bauer dedicated an obituary to him in the Arbeiter-Zeitung ( Workers' Newspaper ), in which he attested to Seipel's "honest inner conviction": He fought us with all means and all weapons; we fought him too. The fact that he was not a man of compromise, but a man who felt comfortable only in ruthless struggle, may often, may especially in the years since 1927, have been
1736-400: The aid of a League of Nations loan which was obtained when Austria officially renounced annexation to Germany. In order to fight the hyperinflation of the krone currency, the government prepared for the introduction of the schilling on 1 March 1925 and re-founded Austria's central bank, the Österreichische Nationalbank , with the task of securing monetary stability. In the fall of 1924
1798-426: The arrival of the railway, the town had a rate of growth of 11% in buildings and 14% in population. Between 1836 and 1876 the rate of new building rose to 142% and there was a huge 284% rise in the local population. Gloggnitz was granted town status on 5 May 1926. On 2 January 1927 Federal President Dr Michael Hainisch, Federal Chancellor Dr Ignaz Seipel and the then former Chancellor of State Dr Karl Renner addressed
1860-626: The beginning of hydrocarbon exploration more than 100 years ago. The Vienna Basin fault system on which the basin lies remains seismically active. Significant earthquakes that propagated across the Vienna Basin include the Neulengbach earthquake of 1590, and the strong earthquake that hit Carnuntum in the mid-4th century. 48°12′20″N 16°22′26″E / 48.20556°N 16.37389°E / 48.20556; 16.37389 Ignaz Seipel Ignaz Seipel (19 July 1876 – 2 August 1932)
1922-403: The bier. Since Seipel was regarded by the Social Democrats as the epitome of reaction and of the alliance between clericalism and capitalism, the article was received with incomprehension by the party base. Bauer felt compelled to point out in another article the difference between "emotional socialists and trained Marxists". While the sentimental socialist hates the capitalist and the spokesmen of
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1984-470: The birthplace of Dr. Michael Hainisch , the first Federal President of the First Republic of Austria. Unfortunately the building is now in ruins. Stuppach Palace is the place where possibly a primal chamber musical version of Mozart 's Requiem was premiered by an ensemble, conducted by Count Francis of Walsegg-Stuppach, the sponsor of the now world-famous Requiem. The palace was restored in 1996. This
2046-462: The cabinet of Carl Vaugoin . After the bankruptcy of the Creditanstalt Bank in 1931, he was to take over the reins of government again but was unsuccessful in forming a coalition. Decades later, Bruno Kreisky , Social Democratic Federal Chancellor from 1970 to 1983, criticized his own party for the 1931 events. Seipel had offered Otto Bauer , the head of the Social Democrats, a coalition at
2108-472: The capitalist world, the Marxist understands his opponents as creatures of a hostile social order. Seipel "is to us, precisely because we are Marxists, because he fought us and we fought him, not a villain, but the 'creature of conditions of which he remains socially, however much he may subjectively rise above them'." The corporatist , Austro-fascist Federal State of Austria (1934–1938) considered Seipel to be
2170-650: The city in 1529 and 1683 . More than 80% of the basin area belongs to the Austrian states of Lower Austria and Vienna . The northern parts on the Morava ( March ) and Thaya rivers are part of the Czech Republic and Slovakia . Along the southern and western rim, geothermal and mineral water springs occur in several spa towns such as Baden , Bad Vöslau and Bad Fischau-Brunn . Parts: The Bor Lowland and Chvojnice Hills are known collectively as Záhorská nížina (Záhorie Lowland). The Vienna Basin formations are
2232-443: The conditions for winemaking less favourable and as a consequence unprofitable. For over 900 years (until the 19th century) the economic and social life of Gloggnitz and its local area was highly influenced and controlled by the monasterial lords of the manor. The town's favourable position on the strategic arterial route from Lower Austria to Italy encouraged colonisation and the small village of Gloggnitz grew. Gloggnitz also achieved
2294-606: The distinction of being able to hold its own market. In 1660 Emperor Leopold I visited Gloggnitz. When the French conqueror Napoleon Bonaparte travelled south across the Semmering Pass in 1809, he also made a short overnight stay in Gloggnitz. On 17 August 1841 Emperor Ferdinand I opened the new Semmering Pass Road. Other visits by famous persons to Gloggnitz include: Emperor Francis Joseph I (1850 and 1854), Crown Prince Rudolph and his wife Princess Gisela (1862). The building of
2356-514: The distribution of industry funds to right-wing militias. Seipel's primary concern was with their military efficiency; ideological proximity to the CS party was secondary. He focused on the right-wing Front Fighters Union of German Austria under the anti-Semite Hermann Hiltl , which he also helped re-arm with financial resources from the Hungarian Horthy regime . Seipel reorganized state finances with
2418-409: The electoral law and procedures; I see the root of the evil in the kind of party rule which developed in the times of constitutional monarchy and which has shot up unchecked after the removal of the correction that the monarchy provided. In my view, the one who saves democracy is the one who purifies it from party rule and thereby restores it again. In 1930 Seipel was briefly Austrian foreign minister in
2480-506: The fact that beginning in March 1920 he was a board member of the secret Association for Order and Law ( Vereinigung für Ordnung und Recht ). The group included monarchist and greater German representatives as well as military figures. It planned the forcible suppression of the Social Democrats and worked closely with the Bavarian right-wing radicals around Georg Escherich . In September 1920, in
2542-546: The founding father of the regime. As Seipel's final resting place, the Christ the King Church was built in Vienna's working-class district of Rudolfsheim-Fünfhaus , six blocks from Seipel's birthplace, on the initiative of the women's and workers' rights activist Hildegard Burjan and supported by Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuß . Seipel's coffin was interred in the crypt of the church in the fall of 1934. Dollfuß had been assassinated by
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2604-598: The fundamental attitude that opposed Austrian democracy. With the help of Austrian industrialists, Chancellor Seipel strengthened the role of the increasingly anti-democratic Heimwehr and remained its most influential advocate until his death. This made him the great enemy of the Social Democrats. In the Austrian town of Schattendorf on 30 January 1927, members of a right-wing paramilitary group fired on Social Democratic demonstrators, including members of its paramilitary Republican Protection League ( Republikanischer Schutzbund ), killing two and wounding five. The acquittal of
2666-600: The governor of Lower Austria , championed the interests of the Heimwehr by approving its march in Wiener Neustadt , as well as one by the Republican Protection League, against the express wish of Wiener Neustadt Mayor Anton Ofenböck. As Chancellor, Seipel was able to show his strength with a massive contingent of police and military. There were no violent incidents on the days of the marches. Seipel resigned from
2728-419: The height of the world economic crisis. The party executive, however, had not taken him up on it. "In retrospect, it seems to me clearly wrong not to have pushed harder for a compromise in order to be in government at such a critical moment. ... In my opinion, this was the last chance to save Austrian democracy," Kreisky wrote in 1986. Seipel had seen in the Jews a class that represented mobile large capital and
2790-704: The historical monuments of the town are also being constantly cared for and restored. A new town hall was built and opened in September 2003. In 1992 Gloggnitz was the location of Lower Austria's biggest exhibition, the "Lower Austrian Landesausstellung". The exhibition provided funds for the full restoration of the former monastery. Today Gloggnitz Provostry is used as a "wedding castle" and site for various exhibitions. Viennese Basin The Vienna Basin ( German : Wiener Becken , Czech : Vídeňská pánev , Slovak : Viedenská kotlina , Hungarian : Bécsi-medence )
2852-646: The late 12th century onwards, the fortresses of Wiener Neustadt and Hainburg were erected at the southeastern and eastern rim as a defensive wall against attacks from the Hungarian lands downstream the Danube River. Nevertheless, the forces of King Matthias Corvinus entered the Vienna Basin during the Austrian-Hungarian War in 1485 to begin the Siege of Vienna . It was again invaded by Ottoman troops, who besieged
2914-534: The men charged in the deaths led to the July Revolt of 1927 in Vienna during which police killed 89 protestors and wounded over 600. Afterwards, Social Democrats called Seipel a " prelate without clemency", a "prelate without mercy" and a "blood prelate". In his statement before the lower house of parliament, the National Council , on 26 July 1927, Seipel said, "In these days of misfortune, do not ask anything of
2976-619: The ministry of Heinrich Lammasch , the last "imperial and royal" government of the Empire. At the beginning of November 1918, Seipel handed over his official duties to the government of Karl Renner of the Social Democratic Party of Austria . It had been appointed on 30 October 1918 by the State Council of German-Austria , the executive body of the short-lived Republic of German-Austria . The Lammasch ministry remained formally in office at
3038-412: The most capable conservative politician of his time, Seipel shared with his socialist rival, Otto Bauer , a firm commitment to defending their principles. Within his party, Seipel belonged to the most radical and conservative faction, which included the most capable leaders. Even when not leading the government, he wielded significant influence in the Christian Social Party. He played a crucial role in both
3100-913: The north it stretches up to the Marchfeld plateau beyond the Danube River. In the southeast, the Leitha Mountains separate it from the Little Hungarian Plain . In the west, it borders on the Gutenstein Alps and Vienna Woods mountain ranges of the Northern Limestone Alps . The Danube enters the basin at the Vienna Gate water gap near Mt. Leopoldsberg , it leaves at Devín Gate in the Little Carpathians east of Hainburg . From
3162-403: The office of chancellor on 4 April 1929, although he continued in office until 4 May, when he was succeeded as head of government by Ernst Streeruwitz , also of the Christian Social Party. In all, five federal governments of the First Republic were under Seipel's leadership. Seipel was not satisfied with the First Republic's form of government. He was a major driver behind the push to strengthen
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#17328591614683224-472: The parliament and the government that would seem merciful to the victims and the guilty but would be cruel to the wounded republic." Seipel's statement was followed by an intensely heated parliamentary debate. The opposition seized on the phrase "without mercy" and linked it to their criticism of the excessive police action, for which they blamed Police Commissioner and former Austrian chancellor Johann Schober . In 1928, Seipel, in agreement with Karl Buresch ,
3286-433: The platform of a Vienna train station. Jaworek was sentenced to five years of hard labor. Theodor Körner , a retired general and successful Social Democratic candidate for parliament in 1924, paid tribute to Seipel during the election campaign. The Innsbruck newspaper Volkszeitung quoted him saying that Seipel was "as a character of integrity in every respect, a diligent, selfless worker". From 1926 to 1929, Seipel
3348-644: The request of the Emperor until his own withdrawal. While still an imperial minister, Seipel was involved in formulating the declaration of abdication that the Emperor signed on 11 November 1918. On the same day the Emperor dismissed the Lammasch ministry. On 16 February 1919 Seipel was elected on the Christian Social ticket to the Constituent National Assembly , the body that adopted the constitution for
3410-405: The role of the federal president that was realized in the 1929 amendment to the federal constitution. Seipel negotiated it with the Social Democrats and "probably thought of himself as the future holder of the office". Under the political slogan of "true democracy", he proposed a cleansing of the system from the "evil of party rule": I myself do not attach too much importance to the mere reform of
3472-460: The self-governing political entity – as the primary justification of sovereignty, rather than the nation – a group that shares a common culture, as for example speakers of German. In 1917 he was appointed professor at the University of Vienna, succeeding the moral theologian Franz Martin Schindler. On 27 October 1918, during the final days of the Austro-Hungarian Empire , Emperor Karl I appointed Seipel Minister of Public Works and Social Welfare in
3534-420: The two parties' annexation euphoria on the grounds that annexation of German Austria to the German Reich was generally rejected by the victorious Allies of World War I and would endanger the peace treaty. In 1920 he nevertheless broke the Christian Social Party away from the coalition with the Social Democrats and formed an alliance with the nationalist Greater German People's Party . Although Seipel supported
3596-403: The view that without the German Reich Austrian politics were not meaningful. Seipel suffered from tuberculosis and also from diabetes as a consequences of the assassination attempt against him. In December 1930 he went to Merano for a cure, where he received a telegram from Pope Pius XI wishing him a speedy recovery so that he could "return to his so meritorious activity". He died in 1932 in
3658-410: Was again Chancellor, fighting in particular against the Social Democrats. He united the CS with the Greater German People's Party, the Landbund (Rural Federation), and the National Socialist " Riehl and Schulz Group" to form an anti- Marxist front (the "Citizens' Bloc"). After the National Assembly election of 1927 in which Seipel's bloc won the majority of seats, there was a more rapid growth in
3720-438: Was an Austrian Catholic priest and conservative politician, who served as the Chancellor of the First Austrian Republic twice during the 1920s and leader of the Christian Social Party . He is considered the most prominent statesman of the Austrian right in the interwar period . Born into a modest bourgeois family, Seipel grew up in the town of Meidling , near Vienna , where he completed his studies before enrolling at
3782-443: Was erected in Dr Karl Renner Square. A museum in his former residence also commemorates the life of this highly respected former Gloggnitz resident. Gloggnitz Provostry is a former medieval (gothic) Catholic monastery and a later secularised (baroque) complex of buildings, including the old Catholic parish church of Gloggnitz. It was also the home of the nationally renowned exhibition, "Lower Austrian Landesausstellung 1992". This
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#17328591614683844-492: Was the former residential mansion of Karl Renner , the first Federal President of the Second Republic of Austria . There have been extensive changes in all branches of the Gloggnitz economy within the past 30 years. Within this period Gloggnitz developed from a local commercial centre and railway junction into an economically active town. Today Gloggnitz can be proud of several internationally active companies, employing hundreds of people. The place name "Gloggnitz" descends from
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