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18-888: The mountain belt stretches from the Low Beskids range of the Eastern Carpathians along the border of Poland with Slovakia toward the Moravian region of the Czech Republic and the Austrian Weinviertel . In the south the North Hungarian Mountains cover northern Hungary . The area of the Western Carpathians comprises about 70,000 km. The highest elevation is the Gerlachovský štít (2,655m). Most of

36-601: A complicated geological structure, that has been formed since the Paleozoic era. The oldest Paleozoic rocks experienced the first stage of deformation during the Hercynian orogeny , but younger Alpine overprint is common. Alpine orogeny affected the area in several stages from Jurassic to Neogene . During this period, parts of Tethys Ocean were subducted under the Adriatic Plate and Western Carpathian blocks were thrust over

54-623: A mountain range in southeastern Poland and northeastern Slovakia . They constitute a middle (central) section of the Beskids , within the Outer Eastern Carpathians . Since there are several traditional divisions of the Beskid Mountains in general, this particular region has also been classified by different designations. In Slovak terminology, the region is called Low Beskids ( Slovak : Nízke Beskydy ). In Polish terminology,

72-770: A subduction of the Meliata Ocean, the Internal Western Carpathians were formed. Suturing of Vahic domain finalized thrusting in the Central Western Carpathians , and consuming the crust of Carpathian Flysch Basins caused the formation of the External West Carpathian accretionary wedge ( Flysch Belt ). Low Beskids The Low Beskids ( Slovak : Nízke Beskydy ) or Central Beskids ( Polish : Beskidy Środkowe ; Czech : Centrální Beskydy ; Ukrainian : Центральні Бескиди ) are

90-653: Is often represented on the surface by an orogen or mountain range. In plate tectonics, sutures are the remains of subduction zones , and the terranes that are joined are interpreted as fragments of different palaeocontinents or tectonic plates . Outcrops of sutures can vary in width from a few hundred meters to a couple of kilometers . They can be networks of mylonitic shear zones or brittle fault zones, but are usually both. Sutures are usually associated with igneous intrusions and tectonic lenses with varying kinds of lithologies from plutonic rocks to ophiolitic fragments. An example from Great Britain

108-515: Is the Iapetus Suture which, though now concealed beneath younger rocks, has been determined by geophysical means to run along a line roughly parallel with the Anglo-Scottish border and represents the joint between the former continent of Laurentia to the north and the former micro-continent of Avalonia to the south. Avalonia is in fact a plain which dips steeply northwestwards through

126-620: The Eastern Carpathians is the valley of the Hornád or Uzh River . The northern boundary with the East European craton and Bohemian Massif is well marked by the thrust of nappes of the Carpathian flysch belt . The southern boundary is less clear, because later postorogenetic evolution caused formation of basins , penetrating the mountain chain non-uniformly. The Western Carpathians have

144-662: The Eastern Carpathians. The Western Carpathians are part of the northern branch of alpine orogeny , which was formed by the closure of the Tethys Ocean millions of years ago. The Western Carpathians are part of the Alpide belt . To the west they longitudinally join the Alps , but the exact boundary is hidden under the Neogene sedimentary fill of the Vienna Basin . To the east, their boundary with

162-504: The crust, underthrusting Laurentia. When used in paleontology , suture can also refer to fossil exoskeletons , as in the suture line, a division on a trilobite between the free cheek and the fixed cheek; this suture line allowed the trilobite to perform ecdysis (the shedding of its skin). Heron, P., Pysklywec, R. & Stephenson, R. Lasting mantle scars lead to perennial plate tectonics. Nat Commun 7, 11834 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11834 This tectonics article

180-692: The main mass of the Eastern Carpathians. The boundary between the Western Carpathians and the Eastern Alps is formed by the Vienna Basin , the Hainburg Hills of the Little Carpathians at Devín Gate , and a gap carved by the Danube . To the east and northeast the mountains are bounded by the East Slovak and Sandomierz Basins , but it is less striking and passes through highland terrain that continues to

198-594: The majority of the population was Lemko (Rusin). The Lemkos are sometimes considered the westernmost of the Ukraininans. They were forcibly removed in a Polonization plan agreed between the Soviet Union and the Polish communist government. Many were killed or forcibly sent to Soviet Ukraine. Those not sent to Ukraine were dispersed among towns and villages in the new western Polish territory taken from Germany. The Low Beskids on

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216-497: The margin of the Eurasian Plate . Tectonic units of the Western Carpathians are arranged in belt-like order, with the external units in the north and internal units in the south. Alpine evolution of the Western Carpathians is dominated by extension and closure of two or three oceanic domains: Triassic-Jurassic Meliata-Halstatt Ocean , Jurassic-Cretaceous Piemont-Vahic Ocean/Zone and Cretaceous-Tertiary Valais-Magura Ocean . After

234-517: The mountain ranges and names for the Beskids, several divisions are given in the following: Among mountains of this regions, most prominent are: The region was a site of contention between Poland , Kievan Rus , and Hungary , starting in at least the 9th century. The population was primarily Slavic but with contentions over nationality. Germans and town dwelling Lemkos were Polonized and the countryside remained primarily Lemko/Ukrainian. Up until 1947,

252-814: The perimeter of the Western Carpathians is quite sharply defined by valleys. To the northwest and north they are separated from the Bohemian Massif by the Forecarpathian Lowland and the Lesser Poland Upland ; to the west the Moravian Gate leads over to the Sudetes . To the south the mountain chain falls away towards the Pannonian Plain , a large plain situated between the Alps , the Dinaric Alps , and

270-771: The river Wisłoka , Wisłok and Osława in Poland. The mountain range has two summits, one of 1,002 ( Busov ), and one of 997 metres ( Lackowa ). The Low Beskids separate the Bieszczady Mountains from the Western Carpathians . Original flora and fauna of the region were preserved because of the area's remoteness. The mountain range is covered with beech forests. The area is protected by Magurski National Park and Jaśliski Park Krajobrazowy . Animals living in this reserve are, amongst others, black storks , deer and wolves . Since there exist many variants of divisions of

288-646: The same region is not classified under the term Low Beskids ( Polish : Beskid Niski ), since that term is used to designate only one part of the region, while the Polish equivalent term for the entire region is Central Beskids ( Polish : Beskidy Środkowe ). It is a hilly region, encompassing the Prešov Region , Sanok County and Jasło County , and covering the area between Busov, Ondavská vrchovina , Laborecká vrchovina , Beskydské predhorie in Slovakia, and Beskid Sądecki , Pogórze Bukowskie and Bieszczady near

306-565: The territory of present-day Slovakia has attracted settlers since the Stone Age . The Slavic forefathers of the Slovaks gradually moved to the basin of Humenné and Bardejov during the great migration of peoples, starting in the 5th century. An intensive and organized settlement of this area started as late as in the middle of the 13th century, after the Mongol raids. However, the first written reference to

324-527: The town dates back to the 1240s, when monks from Bardejov complained to the King Béla IV about a violation of the town's borders by Prešov . Important towns and villages of this region include: European walking route E8 : Suture (geology) In structural geology , a suture is a joining along a major fault zone, of separate terranes , tectonic units that have different plate tectonic , metamorphic and paleogeographic histories. The suture

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