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54-457: Glarus ( German: [ˈɡlaːrʊs] ; Alemannic German : Glaris ; French : Glaris [ɡla.ʁis] ; Italian : Glarona ; Romansh : Glaruna ) is the capital of the canton of Glarus in Switzerland . Since 1 January 2011, the municipality of Glarus incorporates the former municipalities of Ennenda , Netstal and Riedern . Glarus lies on the river Linth between

108-677: A Fachhochschule ). Glarus railway station is on the Ziegelbrücke to Linthal railway line . It is served by the Zürich S-Bahn service S25 between Zürich and Linthal , and by the St. Gallen S-Bahn service S6 between Rapperswil and Schwanden . As of the December 2023 timetable change, both services operate once per hour, combining to provide two trains per hour between Ziegelbrücke and Schwanden. The stations of Ennenda and Netstal are also in

162-754: A 55-minute ride away from St. Gallen (direct with Voralpen-Express or S6/ S4 with change in Uznach ). The railway tracks and the infrastructure, excluded the train station's building, have been renewed by June/July 2016. Since 2008, the bus service in Rapperswil-Jona ( Stadtbus Rapperswil-Jona ) has been provided by the Verkehrsbetriebe Zürichsee und Oberland (VZO). In addition, Schneider Busbetrieb operates line 622 to Wagen (continues to St. Gallenkappel / Wattwil ) and line 621 to Buech/St. Dyonis. As of 2016, an average of 26,000 road vehicles cross

216-568: A population of 25,777 (December 2007). This makes it the second-largest town in the canton after the capital of St. Gallen itself. Ironman 70.3 Switzerland and the Triathon Challenge took place in Rapperswil-Jona on 6 June 2010, and was repeated several times. The blues'n'jazz festival, taking place since 1998, is held at the end of June. Every three years Seenachtsfest is celebrated one weekend in August, attracting nearly 100,000 visitors to

270-539: A spectacular fireworks, for the next time in summer 2018. Rapperswil is the home of the Rapperswil-Jona Lakers , and their Diners Club Arena is situated on Obersee lakeshore. Kunst(Zeug)Haus is a vibrant center of Swiss contemporary art, housed in a former Swiss Military armory ( Zeughaus ). Herzbaracke is a swimming theatre, cabaret and restaurant on Lake Zürich at different locations, among them Zürich-Bellevue and Rapperswil harbour. Eis-zwei-Geissebei

324-543: Is a Carnival festival in Rapperswil on Shrove Tuesday, and Christkindlymärt is a Christmas funfair celebrated in late December, and last but not least, Radio Zürisee is situated in Rapperswil opposite of the Rapperswil railway station , and Obersee Nachrichten at Hauptplatz plaza. In Rapperswil there are several sites situated that are listed as Swiss heritage sites of national significance : Schloss Rapperswil with

378-478: Is also a rose garden in the town center, accessible to blind and disabled people. The old town ( Altstadt ) is dominated by the Schloss Rapperswil located at the peninsula called Endingen , Lindenhof and Herrenberg on Lake Zurich perched atop this rocky hill at the bay of Kempraten . The castle dates back to the early 13th century (first mentioned in 1229). In 1350, it was destroyed by Rudolf Brun ,

432-422: Is used for agricultural purposes, while 34.3% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 4.1% is settled (buildings or roads) and 35.2% is unproductive land. Over the past two decades (1979/85-2004/09) the amount of land that is settled has increased by 42 ha (100 acres) and the agricultural land has decreased by 60 ha (150 acres). Glarus has a population (as of December 2020) of 12,539. As of 2013, 24.9% of

486-585: The Seedamm isthmus in Lake Zurich, the area is in close vicinity to the prehistoric lake crossings discovered at the Hurden Rosshorn site. One Prehistoric pile dwelling settlement, Rapperswil-Jona–Technikum , was located on a former island and directly linked to these sea crossings. The Feldbach settlement was located at a 3 km footwalk distance to the north and the west. The Hurden Seefeld settlement

540-465: The Stadtpfarrkirche on Herrenberg next to Rapperswil Castle on Lindenhof hill . Known members of the family are Countess Elisabeth von Rapperswil (around 1252/62 –1309), her sons Wernher von Homberg , Reichsvogt and minnesang poet, and Count Johann I. von Habsburg-Laufenburg-Rapperswil (* around 1295/97, † 1337). His son Johann II († 1380), the opposition's leader against Rudolf Brun ,

594-567: The Alsatian dialect of Alemannic is used instead). Alemannic in the broad sense comprises the following variants: The Alemannic dialects of Switzerland are often called Swiss German or Schwiizerdütsch . The oldest known texts in Alemannic are brief Elder Futhark inscriptions dating to the sixth century ( Bülach fibula , Pforzen buckle , Nordendorf fibula ). In the Old High German period,

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648-605: The Battle of Novara in 1513. However, the decisive defeat of the Swiss in the Battle of Marignano caused a shift in mood in Glarus in favour of the French rather than the pope. Zwingli, the papal partisan, found himself in a difficult position and he decided to retreat to Einsiedeln in the canton of Schwyz . While he was not a reformer at Glarus, there he began to develop the ideas that would lead to

702-477: The Emmental , Friedrich Glauser in his crime stories , and more recently Tim Krohn in his Quatemberkinder . The poet Ida Ospelt-Amann wrote and published exclusively in the dialect of Vaduz . Rapperswil Rapperswil ( Swiss German : [ˈrɑpːərʃˌʋiːl] or [ˈrɑpːərsˌʋiːl] ; short: Rappi ) is a former municipality and since January 2007 part of the municipality of Rapperswil-Jona in

756-476: The Old Swiss Confederacy from the fourteenth century led to the creation of Alemannic Swiss chronicles . Huldrych Zwingli 's Bible translation of the 1520s (the 1531 Froschauer Bible ) was in an Alemannic variant of Early Modern High German . From the seventeenth century, written Alemannic was displaced by Standard German , which emerged from sixteenth century Early Modern High German, in particular in

810-739: The Polish Museum including the Polish national archive, the medieval Rathaus (town hall) located at the Hauptplatz square, and the Seedamm region including Heilig Hüsli and the remains of the prehistoric wooden bridges respectively the neolithic stilt house settlements located there. The latter are part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site "Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps" . Located at

864-610: The Reformation's centre in the city of Zurich . The monastery buildings belong to the citizens of Rapperswil ( Endingen itself belongs to the Einsiedeln Abbey ) rather than to the monks who inhabit it, and is still in use. The main churches in town include the Roman Catholic St. John's Church (built in early 13th century), the cemetery chapel ( Liebfrauenkapelle ) and a small Protestant church. The locational advantage of

918-539: The Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance as Class A objects of national importance. Rapperswil railway station is a nodal point of the IR Voralpen Express ( SOB ), the Zürich S-Bahn lines S5 , S7 , S15 and S40 , and the St. Gallen S-Bahn line S6 . This railway station is a 36-minute (S5/S15, combined quarter-hourly service) ride away from Zürich Hauptbahnhof and

972-456: The Wahlkreis ( constituency ) of See-Gaster in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland , located between Obersee and the main part of Lake Zurich . Rapperswil is located on the northern shore of Lake Zurich at the point at which the lake is cut in two by the Seedamm isthmus , which is an ice age moraine . The upper (or eastern) part of Lake Zurich is called Obersee . Part of

1026-496: The tertiary sector provided 5,494 jobs in 923 businesses. In 2013 a total of 2.% of the population received social assistance. In the 2015 federal election the most popular party was the BDP with 49.7% of the vote, followed by the SP with 47.7%. The remaining 2.6% went to unaffiliated or minor party candidates. In the federal election, a total of 3,250 votes were cast, and the voter turnout

1080-447: The 10/11 May 1861, the town was devastated by a fire that was fanned by a violent Föhn or south wind, rushing down from the high mountains through the natural funnel formed by the Linth valley. The total loss is estimated at half a million sterling, of which about £100,000 were made up by subscriptions that poured in from every side. About two-thirds of Glarus (593 buildings) were destroyed in

1134-500: The Canton moved into Glarus. However, the new administrators had difficulties in establishing and enforcing any new regulations. In August 1802 the administrators of the new Canton left Glarus for Rapperswil due to the difficulties they had faced in Glarus. In 1803, with the Act of Mediation , the Canton of Linth was dissolved and Glarus became the capital of the smaller Canton of Glarus. In 1859,

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1188-757: The Emperor Charles the Fat gave his wife Richgard or Richardis the monasteries of Säckingen , of St. Felix and of Regula in Zürich as a royal estate. This land grant included extensive political rights and a large estate. This estate covered land in the Rhine and Frick valleys, the southern Hotzenwald , land in Zürich, along Lake Walen and the valley of Glarus. Glarus remained under the Säckingen Abbey until 1395 (intermittently under

1242-535: The Old Swiss Confederation. Rapperswil was at first part of the Helvetic and the canton of Linth 's capital city. After the 1803 Act of Mediation , it joined the canton of St. Gallen , and the former Herrschaft Rapperswil was split into the municipalities of Rapperswil and Jona. On 1 January 2007 the former municipalities of Rapperswil and Jona merged to form a new political entity: Rapperswil-Jona has

1296-670: The big fire. After this incident, Glarus was rebuilt in block fashion according to construction plans by Bernhard Simon and Johann Caspar Wolff. In 1864, the first European labor law to protect workers was introduced in Glarus, prohibiting workers from working more than 12 hours a day. The town is located in the Glarner Mittelland on a broad valley floor between the Glärnisch and the Linth . The municipality Glarus before 2011 had an area of 69.2 km (26.7 sq mi). Of this area, 23%

1350-661: The break with the Catholic Church in Zürich In 1528 the Reformation gained a foothold in Glarus, directed by Zwingli in Zürich. Even though he had preached in Glarus for 10 years, the town remained strongly Catholic. However, following the Second war of Kappel in 1531 both the Catholic and Protestant residents were given the right to worship in town. This led to both religious groups using

1404-572: The first coherent texts are recorded in the St. Gall Abbey , among them the eighth-century Paternoster : Due to the importance of the Carolingian abbeys of St. Gall and Reichenau Island , a considerable part of the Old High German corpus has Alemannic traits. Alemannic Middle High German is less prominent, in spite of the Codex Manesse compiled by Johannes Hadlaub of Zürich . The rise of

1458-662: The foot of the Glärnisch (part of the Schwyzer Alps ) to the west and the Schilt ( Glarus Alps ) to the east. Very few buildings built before the fire of 1861 remain. Wood, textile, and plastics, as well as printing, are the dominant industries. The symbol of the city is the neo-romanesque city church. Glarus is first mentioned in the early 9th century in Latin as Clarona . In 1178 it was first mentioned in German as Glarus . On 10 February 878,

1512-522: The grounds of mutual intelligibility , such as SIL International and UNESCO , describe Alemannic as one of several independent languages. While ISO 639-2 does not distinguish between dialects, ISO 639-3 distinguishes four of them: Standard German is used in writing and in Germany orally in formal contexts throughout the Alemannic-speaking regions (with the exception of Alsace , where French or

1566-607: The lake to Rapperswil. On the peninsula at Oberbollingen , the St. Nicholas Chapel is mentioned, where around 1229 a small Cistercian (later Premonstratensian) monastery was established by the house of Rapperswil; in 1267 it was united with the nearby Mariazell-Wurmsbach Abbey. St. Martin Busskirch is one of the oldest churches around upper Lake Zürich . Even the citizens of Rapperswil had to attend services in Busskirch until Count Rudolf II built

1620-484: The mayor of Zurich , and was rebuilt in 1352/54 by Albrecht II, Duke of Austria . Deer inhabit lands surrounding the castle. Since 1870, the castle has been home to the Polish National Museum created by Polish émigrés, including the castle's lessee and restorer, Count Wladyslaw Broel-Plater . A small Capuchin's monastery was established in 1606 at the lakeside Endingerhorn as a Catholic counterpart to

1674-406: The mayor of Zürich, was arrested for two years, and the town walls of Rapperswil, its castle and Altendorf castle were destroyed by Brun in 1350. Between 1358 and 1360 Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria , built a wooden bridge across the lake that has been used to 1878 – measuring approximately 1,450 metres (4,757 ft) in length and 4 metres (13 ft) wide; 546 oak piles have been installed. In 1415,

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1728-465: The most days of precipitation were June to August. The driest month of the year was February with an average of 80 mm (3.1 in) of precipitation over 9.5 days. Glarus is twinned with: Alemannic German language Alemannic dialects are spoken by approximately ten million people in several countries: Alemannic comprises a dialect continuum from the Highest Alemannic spoken in

1782-505: The mountainous south to Swabian in the relatively flat north and more of the characteristics of Standard German the farther north one goes. In Germany and other European countries, the abstand and ausbau language framework is used to decide what is a language and what is a dialect. According to this framework, Alemannic varieties of German form a dialect continuum and are clearly dialects. Some linguists and organisations that differentiate between languages and dialects primarily on

1836-404: The municipality, and served by the same trains. Between 1991 and 2020 Glarus had an average of 142.2 days of rain per year and on average received 1,494 mm (58.8 in) of precipitation . The wettest month was July during which time Glarus received an average of 193 mm (7.6 in) of precipitation. During this month there was precipitation for an average of 14.8 days. The months with

1890-543: The old town, the castle and monastery are situated on a peninsula . The town's main sights are concentrated in the Altstadt of Rapperswil and can be seen while strolling through the medieval alleys. The main sights of Rapperswil are its rose gardens , Rapperswil Castle , the reconstructed wooden bridge to Hurden with its bridge chapel Heilig Hüsli located at Seedamm , the Kapuzinerkloster (Capuchin's monastery) ,

1944-581: The overlordship of either the Counts of Lenzburg and Kyburg and/or Raetia Curiensis ), when the Glarus valley broke away from the abbey and became independent. It became the capital of the Linth valley in 1419. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the valley began to be industrialized. Huldrych Zwingli a leader of the Reformation in Switzerland served in his first, Roman Catholic , ecclesiastical post in Glarus, starting around 1506. He served there for ten years. It

1998-486: The pilgrims towards Einsiedeln to cross the lake before the prehistoric bridge at the Seedamm isthmus was re-built in 1358 . Rapperswil Castle and the fortifications of the former locus Endingen (given by the Einsiedeln Abbey ) were built by the Counts of Rapperswil , i.e. by Rudolf II and his son Rudolf III von Rapperswil around 1200: The town was founded when the nobility of Rapperswil moved from Altendorf across

2052-727: The place attracted the national Circus Knie who built its headquarters in Rapperswil in 1919. The circus is now also responsible for the Circus Museum and the Knie's Kinderzoo located in Rapperswil which is particularly aimed at children. Rapperswil also hosts the Hochschule für Technik Rapperswil HSR (University of Applied Sciences Rapperswil) and an Economics school for parts of the cantons Zurich and St. Gallen. Zürichsee-Schifffahrtsgesellschaft (commonly abbreviated to ZSG ) operates passenger vessels on Lake Zurich ( Zürichsee ), connecting

2106-450: The population (as of 2000) speaks German (86.0%), with Italian being second most common (4.8%) and Albanian being third (2.6%). The historical population is given in the following table: As of  2012, there were a total of 8,148 people employed in the municipality. Of these, a total of 175 people worked in 63 businesses in the primary economic sector . The secondary sector employed 2,479 workers in 200 separate businesses. Finally,

2160-424: The population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 3 years (2010-2013) the population has changed at a rate of 2.07%. The birth rate in the municipality, in 2013, was 9.8 while the death rate was 8.4 per thousand residents. As of 2013, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 20.6% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) are 61.1% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 18.3%. Most of

2214-597: The railway reached Glarus from Weesen . The extension to Schwanden and Linthal opened in 1879. The town created the Emigration Society and sent Judge Niklaus Dürst and blacksmith Fridolin Streif to search for land to settle in North America in 1845. Later that year, 131 colonists from Glarus settled New Glarus, Wisconsin , a town which still holds onto its Swiss roots and enjoys a strong relationship with Glarus. On

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2268-483: The remains of the Middle Ages fortifications located on Lake Zurich , Lindenhof hill, Herrenberg , Engelplatz , Hauptplatz , Bühlerallee and Fischmarktplatz at Rapperswil harbour. Rapperswil is often referred to as the "town of roses" ( Rosenstadt ) because of its extensive displays of roses in three designated parks. No less than 15,000 plants of 600 different kinds may be viewed between June and October. There

2322-614: The so-called Heilig Hüsli at the northwestern part of the Seedamm area. The three neighbouring Prehistoric settlements , as well as the early lake crossings, are part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps . In Kempraten , two kilometers away, there was a probably Helvetic settlement; and in the beginning of the 1st century AD, the Roman vicus Centum Prata (meaning 100 meadows ) became an important trade center on

2376-599: The surrounding towns between Zürich-Bürkliplatz and the Rapperswil peninsula with its harbour area. Settlements in the region of Rapperswil date back to at least 5000 years ago. Archaeological relicts have been found at the Technikum island settlement , and the remains of a first wooden bridge (1523 BC, reconstructed in 2001) to Hurden located on the Obersee lakeshore nearby the Technical University (HSR) respectively

2430-604: The town bought freedom for itself. In 1442, during Old Zurich War , Rapperswil was in alliance with Zürich and the Habsburg Dynasty. In 1458 Rapperswil was controlled by the Swiss Confederation as a so-called Gemeine Herrschaft , i.e. under control of two cantons (Glarus and Schwyz) of the Old Swiss Confederation and their representative, a Vogt at Rapperswil castle. Because of its strategic location along important infrastructure lines, and because of flourishing trade,

2484-557: The town church simultaneously, an arrangement that caused numerous problems. By the 18th century both the groups shared the church but had separate organs. In 1697 there were two financially and theologically independent parishes meeting in the city church. Following the French invasion in 1798, Glarus became the capital of the Canton of Linth in the Helvetic Republic . The administration of

2538-654: The town grew rich. This allowed a certain degree of freedom (especially within the Habsburg-controlled territories and) within the Swiss Confederation which ended with the formation of the Swiss cantons by Napoleon in 1799. In 1656 and 1712 (the First War of Villmergen and the Toggenburg War , or Second War of Villmergen, respectively), Rapperswil was involved in wars between the Catholic and Reformed cantons of

2592-640: The wake of Martin Luther 's Bible translation of the 1520s. The 1665 revision of the Froschauer Bible removed the Alemannic elements, approaching the language used by Luther. For this reason, no binding orthographical standard for writing modern Alemannic emerged, and orthographies in use usually compromise between a precise phonological notation, and proximity to the familiar Standard German orthography (in particular for loanwords). Johann Peter Hebel published his Allemannische Gedichte in 1803. Swiss authors often consciously employ Helvetisms within Standard German, notably Jeremias Gotthelf in his novels set in

2646-425: The way to the Roman heartland. The neolithic bridge between Hurden and Rapperswil was renewed by the Romans at least around 165 AD. Historians mention a 10th-century ferry station assumably at the so-called Einsiedlerhaus in Rapperswil – in 981 AD as well as the vineyard on the Lindenhof hill – between Kempraten on Kempratnerbucht , Lützelau and Ufenau island and assumably present Hurden , which allowed

2700-428: Was 41.1%. The 2015 election saw a large change in the voting when compared to 2011. The percentage of the vote received by the SP increased sharply from 28.9% in 2011 to 47.7% in 2015, while the percentage that the BDP dropped from 57.7% to 49.7%. In 2014 the crime rate, of the over 200 crimes listed in the Swiss Criminal Code (running from murder, robbery and assault to accepting bribes and election fraud), in Glarus

2754-457: Was 48.2 per thousand residents. This rate is only 74.6% of the average rate in the entire country. During the same period, the rate of drug crimes was 10.2 per thousand residents, which is similar to the rate in Glarus Süd, but about twice as high as the rate in Glarus Nord. In Glarus about 71.3% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or

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2808-454: Was in Glarus, whose soldiers were used as mercenaries in Europe, that Zwingli became involved in politics. The Swiss Confederation was embroiled in various campaigns with its neighbours: the French, the Habsburgs, and the Papal States. Zwingli placed himself solidly on the side of the Holy See . In return, Pope Julius II honoured Zwingli by providing him with an annual pension. He took the role of chaplain in several campaigns in Italy, including

2862-419: Was located close to the other end of the sea crossings, on the Hurden side. Because the lake has grown in size over time, the original piles are now around 4 metres (13 ft) to 7 metres (23 ft) under the water level of 406 metres (1,332 ft). As well as being part of the 56 Swiss sites of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps , the settlements are also listed in

2916-400: Was used for agricultural purposes, while 31.4% was forested; of the rest of the land, 2.7% was settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (42.9%) was non-productive (2006 figures). With the incorporation of Ennenda , Netstal and Riedern in 2011, the municipality Glarus now has an area of 103.67 km (40.03 sq mi). Based on the 2004/09 survey, about 26.3% of the total area

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