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23-537: The Jemez Historic Site (formerly Jemez State Monument ) is a state-operated historic site on New Mexico State Road 4 in Jemez Springs, New Mexico . The site preserves the archaeological remains of the 16th-century Native American Gíusewa Pueblo and the 17th-century Spanish colonial mission called San José de los Jémez . The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973, and in 2012 it

46-471: A Native American pueblo and a Spanish mission compound. The principal feature of the latter are the remnant walls of the church, which at 110 feet (34 m) in length represent one of the largest 17th-century mission churches known in the state. The church walls are built mainly out of limestone, with some sandstone and volcanic tuff. Portions have been finished in the traditional mud plaster style, and have had partial restorative and preservative work done on

69-508: A household in the CDP was $ 15,875, and the median income for a family was $ 24,719. Males had a median income of $ 19,830 versus $ 17,105 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $ 13,968. About 17.2% of families and 18.7% of the population were below the poverty line , including 23.4% of those under age 18 and 15.3% of those age 65 or over. Pojoaque Pueblo opened the Poeh Museum in 1987, and

92-590: Is a unincorporated community in Santa Fe County, New Mexico , United States. It is part of the Santa Fe, New Mexico Metropolitan Statistical Area . The population was 1,907 at the 2010 census . For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Pojoaque as a census-designated place (CDP). Pojoaque Pueblo, a neighboring community, is an Indian reservation , and the town of Pojoaque

115-464: Is a collection of communities near the pueblo with people from various ethnic backgrounds. The area of Pojoaque includes the neighborhoods of Cuyamungue , Jacona , Jaconita , Nambé and El Rancho . In the early 17th century, the first Spanish mission, San Francisco de Pojoaque was founded. During the Pueblo Revolt of 1680, Pojoaque was abandoned, and was not resettled until circa 1706. By 1712,

138-485: Is prone to severe forest fires , several of which have burned up to the highway. Unfortunately, the highway is too narrow to serve as an effective firebreak , and such devastating fires as the 1977 La Mesa Fire and 2000 Cerro Grande Fire , the most severe forest fire in the state's history, have jumped the road to destroy forests, and habitations, on both sides of the road—in the case of the Cerro Grande Fire, into

161-669: The Jemez Mountains and Santa Fe National Forest , and skirts the southern boundary of Valles Caldera National Preserve . On the east side of the Jemez Mountains, it descends even more steeply, on a series of hairpin turns offering views into Frijoles Canyon in Bandelier National Monument , to a junction with NM 501 leading east into the town of Los Alamos. NM 4 itself continues past the main entrance to Bandelier and several Los Alamos National Laboratory sites, as well as

184-679: The Sangre de Cristo Mountains from Nambé Lake westward. Passing through the pueblo, it joins the Rio Tesuque to form the Pojoaque River, which flows into the Rio Grande . As of the census of 2000, there were 1,261 people, 493 households, and 332 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 437.3 inhabitants per square mile (168.8/km ). There were 533 housing units at an average density of 184.8 per square mile (71.4/km ). The racial makeup of

207-527: The CDP was 52.10% White , 0.56% African American , 17.37% Native American , 26.57% from other races , and 3.41% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 62.17% of the population. There were 493 households, out of which 38.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.7% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.5% were non-families. 26.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.9% had someone living alone who

230-654: The Cities of Gold Casino in the mid-1990s. In 2008 the Pueblo opened the Buffalo Thunder resort and casino, New Mexico's largest and most expensive resort. The estimated cost for the resort project in 2004 was $ 250 million. The Pojoaque Valley is served by the Pojoaque Valley School District , which administers several schools, teaching Kindergarten through twelfth grade: Pojoaque Valley High School competes in

253-573: The gaming operations of three casino locations: Buffalo Thunder Resort, Cities of Gold Casino, and Jake's Casino. Prior to 2017, the New Mexico state gaming compacts signed by the pueblo expired, but the pueblo has continued gaming operations and resumed negotiations with the state of New Mexico. According to the United States Census Bureau , the CDP has a total area of 2.9 square miles (7.5 km ), all land. Pojoaque Creek runs from

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276-454: The partial collapse of its walls. The site first underwent major excavation in 1910 and 1922, at which time stabilization of some of its features began. The state also acquired the land at that time, and it was designated a state monument in 1935. New Mexico State Road 4 NM 4's western terminus is in the small town of San Ysidro , at U.S Route 550 . The route passes through Jemez Pueblo and Jemez Springs as it climbs steeply into

299-553: The population had reached 79. During the revolt of 1837, New Mexico native Manuel Armijo defeated the rebels at Puertocito Pojoaque, east of Santa Cruz de la Cañada. In the early 1900s, the Pojoaque Valley School District was established to serve the educational needs of the valley. Pojoaque Pueblo is one of the six Tewa -speaking Rio Grande Pueblos, and a member of the Eight Northern Pueblos . The Pueblo

322-563: The puebloans until about 1639. The Jémez people continued to occupy the pueblo, and even built a square kiva in one part of the mission compound. The pueblo was abandoned in 1680, when the Jémez participated in the Pueblo Rebellion which evicted the Spanish from the region until 1692. Over time, the forces of nature took their toll on the buildings, resulting in the collapse of the church roof, and

345-559: The remains of a medium-sized pueblo. It had an estimated 200 rooms in five blocks, including two kivas , and would probably have originally looked similar to surviving pueblos such as Taos Pueblo . The kivas in the Jemez Historical site are square or rectangular in shape, unlike the circular ones found elsewhere. Portions of the pueblo have been excavated and are open to visitors, while others have been backfilled or plastered over to limit damage by erosion or weather. The Gíusewa Pueblo

368-414: The town of White Rock , to another junction with NM 502 east of Los Alamos, where the route ends. The continuation of NM 502 to Pojoaque was formerly designated as NM 4 as well. In contrast to several other state highways in northern New Mexico, NM 4 is paved for its entire length. It is predominantly a 2-lane road, with passing lanes in several places in the mountains. A short section near White Rock

391-754: The upper reaches of Frijoles Canyon, contributing significantly to the magnitude of the disaster caused by the fire. NM 4 forms the main artery of the Jemez Mountain Trail National Scenic Byway . The Byway includes short excursions on New Mexico State Roads 502, 126 , and 290 . Notable points of interest on the NM 4 section of the Byway include: Pojoaque, New Mexico Pojoaque ( / p ə ˈ w ɑː k iː / ; Tewa : Pʼohsųwæ̨geh Ówîngeh/P'osuwaege Owingeh [p’òhsũ̀wæ̃̀gè ʔówîŋgè]), Po’su wae geh , which translates to “water gathering place”,

414-405: The wall tops to limit erosion. The walls range in thickness between 6 and 7 feet (1.8 and 2.1 m) at their bases. Near the church are the foundational remnants of another structure, probably used as a residence by the priest, and another Spanish foundation that was probably a civic building. On the south side of the church is a small plaza that also has a cemetery. Adjacent to the mission are

437-480: Was 4-lane until its reconstruction in 2012; now that stretch is 2 lanes with many left-turn turn lanes going to businesses and streets in White Rock. Speed limits on most of the highway are 50 or 55 miles per hour (mph), although the tight curves make it dangerous to maintain maximum speed in many sections. Speed limits are lower near and through the towns. The coniferous forest traversed by NM 4 in its upper regions

460-449: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.10. In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 28.9% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 30.4% from 25 to 44, 23.3% from 45 to 64, and 8.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.3 males. The median income for

483-522: Was designated as a National Historic Landmark . It is considered an ancestral site of the Jemez Pueblo people who live nearby. The Jemez Historic Site is located north of the village of Jemez Springs, in the Jemez River valley. It is on the east side of New Mexico State Road 4, near the mouth of Church Canyon. The site is about 6 acres (2.4 ha) in size, and includes partially stabilized remains of

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506-454: Was probably established in the second half of the 15th century, and was first described by Spanish explorers in 1581. A small mission was apparently established next to the pueblo in 1598, but the present surviving structures were begun in 1621. The church was completed in 1623, but damaged by fire not long after, and was again worked on in 1625-26. There was apparently no settled priest, with Franciscan friars making repeated attempts to convert

529-400: Was settled around 500 AD, with the population peaking in the 15th and 16th centuries. In about 1900, a severe smallpox epidemic caused the pueblo to be abandoned once again by 1912. In 1934, Pojoaque Pueblo was reoccupied, and became a federally recognized Indian reservation in 1936. Pojoaque Pueblo remains a major employer in the region, owning several business enterprises, including

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