73-527: Gila Bend Indian Reservation was one of three Tohono O'odham Nations 3 reservations, with this one being the smallest both geographically and demographically, with only 625 people on it. The reservation was created in 1882 by President Chester A. Arthur , via executive order , and originally encompassed 22,400 acres. In 1960, the Army Corps of Engineers completed construction of the Painted Rock Dam on
146-420: A better way of access from Phoenix to Glendale and ending in the town of Peoria by building an 18-mile-long (29 km) diagonal road which he named Grand Avenue. In 1891, Burgess Hadsell worked with Murphy to bring 70 Brethren and River Brethren families to Glendale to form a temperance colony. Soon settlers, attracted by the town's ban on alcoholic beverages, continued to arrive. In 1895, Murphy platted
219-583: A combined area of 2.8 million acres (11,330 km ), approximately the size of Connecticut and the second-largest Indigenous land holding in the United States. These lands are in the Sonoran Desert of south central Arizona and border the Mexico–United States border for 74 miles (119 km). The Nation is organized into 11 local districts and has a tripartite system of government. Sells
292-568: A combined area of 2.8 million acres (11,330 km ), making it the second-largest Native American land holding in the U.S. The lands include the main reservation, the Gila Bend Reservation, San Xavier Reservation, and Florence Village. Of the four lands bases, the largest is the main reservation at more than 2.7 million acres (10,925 km ). The San Xavier reservation is the second-largest, at 71,095 acres (287.71 km ), just south of Tucson . The Gila Bend Indian Reservation
365-423: A common operational picture. But the technology and functionality of SBInets did not meet expectations and costs began to exceed the budget by $ 1.4 billion. This led to a shift toward IFTs. The implementation of these towers will aid Border Patrol in monitoring illegal crossings and suspicious activity that occurs near the border. Although the towers would benefit Border Patrol in controlling illegal activities, for
438-633: A dispute over federal flooding of tribal reservation lands. In 2009, the Nation acquired 650 acres (2.6 km ) of land near Why, Arizona , with the intention of eventually creating a new district of the Tohono Oʼodham Nation for the Hia C-eḍ Oʼodham . On October 30, 2012, a new tribal law created the Hia-Ced District as the new 12th district of the Tohono Oʼodham Nation. On April 25, 2015,
511-556: A fence that encompasses up to 10,000 feet. The radio technology of the tower permits the machine to be able to detect movement as far as from a 9.3-mile radius and vehicles from an 18.6 mile radius, while the long-range camera allows for video footage from 13.5 miles away. In March 2014, in efforts to raise border security, the United States Customs and Border Protection contracted a project with Elbit Systems of America to design and manufacture Integrated Fixed Towers (IFTs) along
584-513: A landfill, water treatment plant, sewage plants, libraries, parks, public safety facilities, an airport, a city hall and a civic center. Arrowhead Towne Center opened in 1993, and the surrounding neighborhood, Arrowhead Ranch , made the area a hotspot for housing and shopping. The completion of Loop 101 throughout Glendale opened the city to the rest of the Valley. In recent decades, the city has begun major investment into tourism. The establishment of
657-588: A new tribal constitution that changed the tribe name from Papago Tribe of Arizona to the Tohono O'odham Nation and adopted a three-branch form of government. Also in 1986, the federal government and the Nation approved a settlement, called the Gila Bend Indian Reservation Lands Replacement Act, in which the Nation agreed to give up its legal claims in exchange for $ 30,000,000 and the right to add replacement land to its reservation. In 2011,
730-492: A population of about 195. The remaining roughly 14,600 members live off the reservations. The lands of the Nation are in the Sonoran Desert in south central Arizona , in areas of a series of parallel mountains and valleys. The vegetation is consistent with other parts of the Sonoran Desert. Saguaro cactus , Cholla , prickly pear , palo verde , velvet mesquite , whitethorn acacia , desert ironwood , and willow are
803-554: A renewal for Glendale, with cotton prices rising throughout the period. Cotton continues to be a source of economic prosperity in Glendale with many farms still along the Loop 101 , despite many farmers switching to more profitable crops. A high demand for food, also kept farmers busy. Numerous farms and orchards were established and thrived through the early 1900s. World War II brought the birth of Thunderbird Field to train civilian pilots for
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#1732851383539876-500: A variety of sources. Some Tohono Oʼodham still farm or engage in subsistence ranching. The tribe sells and leases copper mineral rights. The four casinos the tribe operates have become its major source of revenue and jobs. The tribe operates the Tohono Oʼodham Utility Authority, a tribal firm established in 1970 to provide electric and water service to the reservation. Basket weaving remains an economic pursuit;
949-623: Is 473 acres (1.91 km ) and Florence Village 25 acres (0.10 km ). With the 1853 Gadsden Purchase , the territory of the Tohono Oʼodham was split between the U.S. and Mexico. Consequently, the Nation is directly exposed to the Mexico–United States border for 74 miles (119 km). There is no reservation for the Tohono Oʼodham people in Mexico, so the Nation's southern border is the Mexico–United States border. Before colonization,
1022-477: Is a Pre-K-8 Catholic school of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Phoenix in Glendale. Arrowhead Christian Academy is a K-12 Christian school associated with Northwest Valley Baptist Church in Glendale. The city of Glendale has a roughly average percentage of households without a car. In 2015, 8.4 percent of Glendale households lacked a car, and increased slightly to 9 percent in 2016. The national average
1095-629: Is just across the border from Glendale in west Phoenix. Midwestern University is a graduate college of medicine located in Glendale. Many school districts serve the city of Glendale. The following school districts serve the city: Grace Lutheran School is a Pre-K-8 Christian school of the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod (WELS) in Glendale. New Gains Academy is a grade 5-12 Microschool in Glendale. with academics, business entrepreneurship, piano, voice, dance and art programs. Our Lady of Perpetual Help Catholic School
1168-463: Is located here. Glendale was temporarily renamed as Swift City on March 17 and 18, 2023, as per the mayor and the city council's proclamation, to celebrate the opening concerts of the Eras Tour , the sixth concert tour by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift , at State Farm Stadium. The Westgate Entertainment District, a mixed-use complex in the city, additionally put up welcoming messages, with
1241-560: Is the Nation's largest community and functions as its capital. The Nation has about 34,000 enrolled members, most of whom live off of the reservations. In 1874, President of the United States Ulysses S. Grant signed an executive order creating the San Xavier Indian Reservation , surrounding the 18th-century Mission San Xavier del Bac . In 1882, President Chester A. Arthur signed an executive order creating
1314-489: The Arrowhead Towne Center shopping mall. As of the 2020 census , Glendale had a population of 248,325. In the late 1800s the area that is now Glendale was all desert. William John Murphy , a native of New Hartford, New York , who resided in the town of Flagstaff in what was then the territory of Arizona , was in charge of building the 40-mile-long (64 km) Arizona Canal from Granite Reef to New River for
1387-535: The Gila Bend Indian Reservation as additional lands for the Tohono Oʼodham people. In 1916, a third reservation was created by executive order with Indian Oasis (now Sells, Arizona) as its headquarters. In 1937, The Tohono Oʼodham Nation, then called the Papagos Tribe of Arizona, adopted its first constitution. In 1960, the Army Corps of Engineers completed construction of the Painted Rock Dam on
1460-461: The Gila River . Flood waters impounded by the dam periodically inundated approximately 10,000 acres (40 km ) of the Gila Bend Indian Reservation . The area the tribe lost contained a 750-acre (3.0 km ) farm and several communities. Residents were relocated to a 40-acre (160,000 m ) parcel of land named San Lucy Village, near Gila Bend, Arizona . In January 1986, the enrolled members of
1533-429: The Gila River . Flood waters impounded by the dam periodically inundated approximately 10,000 acres (40 km) of the Gila Bend Reservation. The area lost by the tribe contained a 750-acre (3.0 km) farm and several communities. Residents were relocated to a 40-acre (160,000 m) parcel of land named San Lucy Village, near Gila Bend, Arizona . In January 1986, the enrolled members of the three reservations adopted
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#17328513835391606-638: The Indoor Football League . In 2009, the Los Angeles Dodgers and the Chicago White Sox of Major League Baseball began to share the new Camelback Ranch-Glendale spring training complex and stadium in Glendale owned and operated by the City of Glendale. There are a number of higher education campuses in Glendale. Glendale Community College and Glendale Community College North, just across
1679-518: The Los Angeles Times reported that Mexican O'odham were taking advantage of medical facilities and welfare checks on the Arizona side of the border. An increase in militarization occurred again in the 1980s and 1990s, further inhibiting tribal members from traveling back and forth and slowing migration. The Mexican government made gestures to improve the condition of the O'odham in Mexico by opening
1752-487: The NCAA Men's Basketball Final Four , WrestleMania XXVI and International Champions Cup soccer to Glendale. Designed by architect Peter Eisenman, the stadium was featured on The History Channel TV series, Modern Marvels because of its roll-out natural grass field. Desert Diamond Arena (formerly Glendale Arena, then Jobing.com Arena and Gila River Arena) and Westgate City Center is adjacent to State Farm Stadium, and
1825-627: The U.S. Congress passed the Gila Bend Indian Reservation Lands Replacement Clarification Act (H.R. 2938), which amended the 1986 Act to prohibit gaming activities on any of the land which the Nation acquired as a result of the earlier Act. Tohono O%27odham Nation The Tohono Oʼodham Nation is the collective government body of the Tohono Oʼodham tribe in the United States. The Tohono Oʼodham Nation governs four separate sections of land with
1898-563: The U.S.-Canada border , the Tohono Oʼodham were not offered dual citizenship when the U.S. drew a border across their lands in 1853 by the Gadsden Purchase . The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo did not specify the rights of the Oʼodham to cross the international border. The population was split between Mexico and the U.S., but after the treaty the U.S. government guaranteed that Oʼodham freedom of movement would be protected. For decades, members of
1971-436: The U.S.–Mexico border . There are also associated social problems. In an area of acute poverty, offers from smugglers for Oʼodham to assist in illegal activity are common, and in some instances drug traffickers have purchased Oʼodham land along the border. Many of the thousands of Mexican and other nationals illegally crossing the border to work in U.S. agriculture or to smuggle drugs into the U.S. seek emergency assistance from
2044-535: The Westgate Entertainment District , housing Desert Diamond Arena , and State Farm Stadium in the early 2000s made Glendale a destination for locals and visitors. Construction of the VAI Resort and Mattel Adventure Park , scheduled to open in 2025, will continue to grow Glendale’s tourism economy creating hundreds of new jobs and proving more than a thousand new hotel rooms for the city. In 2024,
2117-497: The census of 2010, there were 226,710 people, 79,114 households, and 54,721 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,929.5 inhabitants per square mile (1,517.2/km ). There were 79,667 housing units at an average density of 1,430.7 per square mile (552.4/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 75.54% White , 6% Black or African American , 1.7% Native American , 3.9% Asian , 0.2% Pacific Islander , 16.95% from other races , and 4.0% from two or more races. 35.5% of
2190-459: The 11 districts, the judicial comprises the judges and courts, and the legislative consists of tribal council representatives from each administrative district. As a whole, the Tohono Oʼodham Nation is governed by a democratically elected chairperson and legislative council. All the reservations are overseen administratively by a central government in Sells. As of 2023, the Nation's chair is Verlon Jose and
2263-612: The 1986 Tohono O'odham constitution gives the tribe sovereignty over their territory, this is nonetheless subject to the plenary power of Congress. About 2,000 members live in Mexico, and a wall would physically separate them from members in the U.S. Most of the 25,000 Tohono Oʼodham today live in southern Arizona , but several thousand, many related by kinship, live in northern Sonora , Mexico. Many tribal members still make an annual pilgrimage to San Xavier del Bac and Magdalena, Sonora , during St. Francis festivities to commemorate St. Francis Xavier and St. Francis of Assisi , founder of
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2336-755: The Arizona Canal Company. In 1885, he completed the canal, which would bring water to the desert land. Murphy was deep in debt, since he had agreed to be paid in Arizona Canal Company stock and bonds and land instead of cash. In 1887, Murphy formed the Arizona Improvement Company. His objective was to sell the land and water rights south of the canal. Murphy raised capital from out of state sources in order to meet payroll and construction expenses. Murphy decided to refer to this land as "Glendale". In order to develop and interest potential investors and settlers in this new town, Murphy decided to provide
2409-426: The Arizona border. The competition for a $ 145 million contract lasted between major defense contractors such as General Dynamics, Lockheed Martin, and Raytheon. This contract gave Elbit jurisdiction to implement these structures at an unknown number of sites at anonymous locations and the power for both the company and Border Patrol to deeply monitor the border. Originally, it was said that 16 IFTs would be placed along
2482-490: The Army. In late 1940, a few Hollywood actors and businessmen, headed by Leland Hayward , approached the Army to establish a primary flight training school. This group chose the site of Thunderbird Field primarily because of its abundance of space, excellent weather, and good visibility. While this field was being built in 1941, the Army was busy working on a larger base for $ 4.5 million, Luke Field (now Luke Air Force Base). This base
2555-721: The City of Glendale. State Farm Stadium has been the home field of the Arizona Cardinals in the National Football League since 2006, and the annual Fiesta Bowl college football game since 2007. Both the Cardinals and bowl game moved from Sun Devil Stadium on the Arizona State University campus in Tempe . Since opening, the facility has hosted three Super Bowls , three college football national championship games,
2628-617: The Franciscan Order. Integrated fixed towers (IFTs) are solar-powered structures that integrate high technology, such as infrared and video machinery, to provide long-range, 360-degree, all-weather surveillance along the border. The proposed layout and size of the IFTs is said to range between 120 and 180 feet high, with each tower having its own equipment such as generators, propane tanks, and equipment shelters. The lot size of each tower varies between 2,500 square feet and 25,600 square feet, plus
2701-421: The Hia-Ced District was dissolved by referendum vote, returning the Nation to its original 11 districts. Most Tohono Oʼodham people live in the United States. A small number are across the international border in northwestern Mexico . The Tohono Oʼodham Nation speaks a common language, Oʼodham , which is the 10th most-spoken indigenous language in the United States. While the people are nominally Catholic ,
2774-457: The Mexican side would not be able to pay loans back. During WWI concerns were raised about the proximity of the Oʼodham to the border, but the U.S. government ignored requests for additional military presence, and trans-border smuggling thrived in the 1910s and 1920s. This included liquor, food, and guns. The War Department attempted to halt this, but the reporting system on such a wide area of land
2847-416: The Nation's schools teach native language and culture. The Nation has about 34,000 enrolled members. Most of its members live off the reservations. The main reservation, Tohono Oʼodham Indian Reservation, has a resident population of about 11,000. The San Xavier Indian Reservation has a resident population of 1,200. The Gila Bend Indian Reservation has a population of about 1,700, and Florence Village has
2920-483: The O'odham migrated along a north–south axis in a "two village" system, rotating between summer and winter settlements. These migrations formed the foundation of their subsistence economies and enabled religious pilgrimages. This pattern continued throughout Apache, Spanish, and American expansion, but shifted with the re-drawing of boundaries that followed the Mexican–American War. Unlike aboriginal groups along
2993-504: The Oʼodham gave them a "transnational identity", but Indigenous conflicts on the Mexico–United States barrier arose. Land theft and forced assimilation decreased the numbers of southern Oʼodham and alienated them from their northern counterparts. By 1910, it was estimated that only 1,000 Oʼodham remained in Mexico. The disparities in wealth between the two sides also led to cultural shifts. The traditional practice of lending between Oʼodham decreased as many Arizona Oʼodham felt that those on
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3066-457: The Tohono O'odham nation, the integration of these structures will result in further territorial disputes and invasion of privacy. The rapidly increasing surveillance and security in the borderlands has instilled fear within Indigenous communities. IFTs have begun to interfere with the Tohono O'odham's spiritual rituals and daily routines. Tribes such as the Tohono O'odham are no longer free to cross
3139-427: The Tohono O'odham police when they become dehydrated or are stranded. On the ground, border patrol emergency rescue and tribal EMTs coordinate and communicate. The tribe and the state of Arizona pay a large proportion of the bills for border-related law enforcement and emergency services. Former Arizona governor Janet Napolitano and Tohono Oʼodham government leaders have repeatedly asked the federal government to repay
3212-498: The border in northwestern Phoenix, are members of the Maricopa County Community College District . Arizona State University ’s Thunderbird School of Global Management was founded in Glendale at Thunderbird Field after World War II and recently relocated its campus to the downtown location of ASU after joining the university as an independent unit dedicated to international business education. West campus
3285-407: The border to visit their families or explore outside their homes without risking scrutiny by agents. Even with set boundaries and size guidelines for the towers, the IFTs have exceeded the established range and are beginning to occupy parts of O'odham territory. Moreover, the growing number of towers has brought increased numbers of Border Patrol agents: 1,500 positioned in three districts that control
3358-479: The city called on the Department of Defense to lobby for Arizona Governor Katie Hobbs to veto bipartisan legislation to increase housing supply in Arizona. Ryan Lee, the city’s intergovernmental-programs director, confirmed to The Atlantic that he was behind the move. State Representative Analise Ortiz , whose district includes parts of Glendale, criticized the city for going behind legislators' back to lobby against
3431-422: The cross-border violence, tribal members continued to experience other social and legal consequences from the border. Tribal members born in Mexico or who had insufficient documentation to prove U.S. birth or residency found themselves trapped in a remote corner of Mexico with no access to the tribal centers only tens of miles away. In 2001, a bill was proposed that would give citizenship to all Tohono Oʼodham, but it
3504-531: The dominant vegetation in the landscape. The landscape is interspersed with plains and mountains. These include the Quinlan and Baboquivari Mountains , which include Kitt Peak, the Kitt Peak National Observatory and telescopes, and Baboquivari Peak . Sells, Arizona , is the Nation's largest community and functions as the capital. The Tohono Oʼodham Nation occupies four separate pieces of land for
3577-470: The economic resources and activities of the Tohono O'odham Nation." Many tribal members felt these promises were not guaranteed. At the end of the decade, O'odham on the Mexican side of the border wrote an "open letter" to O'odham on the American side. In it they wrote: "our human rights and aboriginal rights have slowly been violated or disappeared in Mexico." This articulated the concerns of many Oʼodham about
3650-567: The festivals rather than lose 4–8 days of labor while tribal members traveled by wagon. The end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th saw a decline in the subsistence economies of the Oʼodham, and after the Bureau of Indian Affairs drilled wells for them, their need to migrate declined. Despite these changes, the Oʼodham continued to move through the region with their families, working as hired hands on farms, mines, and ranches where work appeared. The pre-contact legacy and economic lifestyles of
3723-618: The growing international divide and population loss in Sonora. In its 1990 census, the Mexican government recorded no Oʼodham living in Sonora. The O'odham saw a subsequent rise in illegal crossing and smuggling through tribal lands as the surrounding security increased. In 2003 the Nation hosted a Congressional hearing on illegal activity on tribal lands. In the hearing tribal leaders and law enforcement officers testified about "incidents of cross-border violence, and even incursions by Mexican military personnel in support of drug smugglers." Along with
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#17328513835393796-559: The legislation, "This is not the way we typically go about creating policy." According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 65.1 square miles (169 km ), of which 0.4 square miles (1.0 km ), or 0.63%, is water. The New River and Agua Fria River flow southward through the western extremities of the city. Glendale has a hot desert climate (Köppen: BWh) typical of Southern Arizona , with very hot and dry summers and mild winters. As of
3869-577: The local restaurants offering Swift-themed menu items. State Farm also hosted the Super Bowl LVII halftime show , headlined by Barbadian singer Rihanna , shortly before the tour. Glendale is the site of two major sports venues: State Farm Stadium and Desert Diamond Arena . Both venues are part of the Glendale Sports and Entertainment District development plan, meant to spur growth in the sparsely inhabited Yucca district. Both venues are owned by
3942-462: The nation continued to move freely across the international border. Throughout this time, tribal members traveled and migrated to work, participate in religious ceremonies, keep medical appointments in Sells, and visit relatives. The O'odham were deliberate in attending their religious festivals, and left their employers for two to four weeks to travel to Magdalena, Sonora. Oʼodham labor was so valued that employers began to drive their O'odham employees to
4015-580: The north and easily receive building materials. The construction and commercial applications of the Beet Sugar Factory in 1906 also contributed to the growth of Glendale. Though the operations of the factory only lasted until 1913, it played an important role in the increase of immigrant and migrant settlers in the city. Several other businesses were founded around this time such as Glendale Ice Company, Pacific Creamery Company, Glendale Milling Company, and Southwest Flour and Feed. World War I ushered in
4088-521: The office of the National Indian Institute , but the office struggled with inadequate resources and institutionalized corruption. In the 1980s, O'odham in Sonora responded to decades of land theft and bureaucratic failure by staging an occupation at the "weak and underfunded" National Indian Institute offices. The tribal constitution ratified in 1986 reads: "All members of the Tohono O'odham Nation shall be given equal opportunity to participate in
4161-427: The original town site and amended the plat to include a town park and some business lots. It was bounded by Lamar Road on the south, 55th Avenue on the east, Myrtle Avenue on the north, and 59th Avenue on the west. The construction of a railroad from Prescott to Phoenix was made possible with an exchange of the right-of-way made by Murphy along Grand Avenue. The railroad allowed Glendale settlers to transport goods to
4234-435: The population was Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 79,114 households, out of which 39.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.5% were married couples living together, 12.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.2% were non-families. 21.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
4307-401: The records are susceptible to easy alteration or falsification. O'odham can cross the border with Tribal Identification Cards, but these can be denied at the border and legal documentation on the reservation is poor. Separation from family members and detainment are possibilities for O'odham crossing into the United States. Today, the tribal government incurs extra costs due to the proximity of
4380-533: The reservation. The Nation is organized into 11 local districts. Nine districts are on the Tohono Oʼodham Indian Reservation with the Gila Bend and San Xavier reservations, which are separated from the main reserve, making up the other two. The Tohono Oʼodham Nation's government has three branches: executive, judicial, and legislative. The executive includes the chairmen and vice chairmen of
4453-405: The reservation. As of March 2014 , after a change of heart, the City of Glendale has been negotiating with the Nation over its proposed West Valley casino. The McCain-Franks bill was designed to prohibit the Glendale project and in the process would have changed federal law by unilaterally repealing critical parts of the Gila Bend Indian Reservation Lands Replacement Act, which was passed to settle
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#17328513835394526-543: The southern border of Mexico and western border of the Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument. An article published in March 2018 revealed that there are 52 IFTs in place along Arizona's southern border. Before the implementation of IFTs, the government had been using SBInets. These machines were intended to serve the same purpose as the towers, while also allowing Border Patrol agents to observe information from
4599-408: The state and tribe for the costs of border-related emergencies. Tribe Chairman Ned Norris Jr. has complained about the lack of reimbursement for border enforcement. Citing the impact it would have on wildlife and on the tribe's members, Tohono O'odham tribal leaders made a series of official statements opposing President Donald Trump 's plan to build a wall along the U.S.–Mexico border. While
4672-416: The three reservations adopted a new tribal constitution that changed the tribe name from Papago Tribe of Arizona to the Tohono Oʼodham Nation and adopted a three-branch form of government. Also in 1986, the federal government and the Nation approved a settlement whereby the Nation agreed to give up its legal claims in exchange for $ 30,000,000 and the right to add replacement land to its reservation. In 2009,
4745-542: The tribe announced that it had purchased approximately 135 acres (0.55 km ) near Glendale, Arizona . The city of Glendale and the Gila River Indian Community opposed attempts to develop the land though court challenges and supporting a measure passed by the Arizona House of Representatives that would allow the city of Glendale to incorporate land the tribe owned, making it ineligible for inclusion within
4818-459: The tribe produces more basketry than any other tribe in the United States. Glendale, Arizona Glendale ( / ˈ ɡ l ɛ n d eɪ l / ) is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona , United States. Located about nine miles northwest of the state capital Phoenix , Glendale is known for State Farm Stadium , which is the home of the Arizona Cardinals football team. The city also contains
4891-450: The vice chair is Carla Johnson. The chief justice is Violet Lui-Frank, and the legislative chair is Timothy Joaquin Gu Achi. The Tohono Oʼodham Nation operates its own educational system, which includes Tohono Oʼodham Community College , a fire department, several recreation centers, a health center, a nursing home, and a public utilities company. Economic support for the tribe comes from
4964-445: Was $ 45,015, and the median income for a family was $ 51,162. Males had a median income of $ 35,901 versus $ 27,736 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 19,124. About 8.8% of families and 11.9% of the population were below the poverty line , including 15.3% of those under age 18 and 9.5% of those age 65 or over. Source: AZCentral.com Glendale is noted for its retail sales of antiques. The Arrowhead Towne Center mall
5037-401: Was 2.85 and the average family size was 3.33. In the city, 30.1% of the population was under the age of 18, 10.8% was from 18 to 24, 31.9% from 25 to 44, 19.9% from 45 to 64, and 7.4% was 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.1 males. The median income for a household in the city
5110-462: Was forgotten in the aftermath of 9/11. Since then, bills have repeatedly been introduced in Congress to solve the "one people-two country" problem by granting U.S. citizenship to all enrolled members of the Tohono Oʼodham, but so far they have not passed. Opponents of granting U.S. citizenship to all enrolled members of the Nation say that many births on the reservation have been informally recorded and
5183-479: Was named for the first pilot to receive a Medal of Honor, Lt. Frank Luke Jr. Thunderbird Field would later become the Thunderbird American Graduate School for International Management. The military and college presence, as well as the increase in population (nearly doubling between 1950 and 1960), sparked a need for utilities, parks, schools and streets. Over the next 40 years, the city added
5256-635: Was slow and ineffective. The Oʼodham were accused of participating in the Yaquis' international weapons smuggling. As Mexicans were deported during the Great Depression , the Mexican government gave them Oʼodham tribal lands. Notions of isolation were further intensified during WWII as the U.S.–Mexico border was militarized to protect against potential invasions via the Sea of Cortez , and tribal lands in Sonora were privatized to increase government production. In 1977
5329-716: Was the home of the Arizona Coyotes of the National Hockey League (NHL). It was also the home of the now defunct Arizona Sting of the National Lacrosse League (NLL). The inaugural Street League Skateboarding event was held in the summer of 2010 in Glendale at the Gila River Arena. This street skateboarding competition returns to Glendale annually. Currently, the arena hosts the Arizona Rattlers of
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