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101-742: In 1954, oil tycoon J. Paul Getty opened a gallery adjacent to his home in Pacific Palisades. Quickly running out of room, he built a second museum, the Getty Villa, on the property down the hill from the original gallery. The villa design was inspired by the Villa of the Papyri at Herculaneum and incorporated additional details from several other ancient sites. It was designed by architects Robert E. Langdon, Jr. , and Ernest C. Wilson, Jr. , in consultation with archeologist Norman Neuerburg. It opened in 1974, but

202-562: A warm-summer Mediterranean climate , abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps. The city's climate is influenced by the Pacific Ocean, resulting in far more moderate temperatures than locations further inland experience. Snow in Malibu is extremely rare, but flurries with higher accumulations in the nearby mountains occurred on January 17, 2007. More recently, snow fell in the city on January 25, 2021. The record high temperature of 104 °F (40 °C)

303-591: A 50-room mansion that was started in the 1920s as the main Rindge home on a hill overlooking the lagoon. The unfinished building was sold to the Franciscan Order in 1942 and is operated as a retreat facility, Serra Retreat. It burned in the 1970 fire and was rebuilt using many of the original tiles. Most of the Big Rock Drive area was bought in 1936 by William Randolph Hearst , who considered building an estate on

404-650: A Master's Program in Archaeological and Ethnographic Conservation in association with the Cotsen Institute of Archaeology at UCLA. Classes and research are conducted in the museum wing of the ranch house. The program was the first of its kind in the United States. The Villa self-identifies with Malibu as it is located just east of the city limits of Malibu in the city of Los Angeles in the community of Pacific Palisades. The 64 acres (26 ha) museum complex sits on

505-519: A brush fire that swept through the area in 1959, and the other in the 1993 Malibu fire. McAnany Way is named after him. Malibu Colony was one of the first areas with private homes after May Rindge opened Malibu to development in 1926. Frederick Rindge paid $ 10 an acre in 1890. One of Malibu's most famous districts, it is south of Malibu Road and the Pacific Coast Highway, west of Malibu Lagoon State Beach, east of Malibu Bluffs Park (formerly

606-472: A helmet, Scipio Africanus , Head of a Vestal (Woman unknown), Hannibal or Juba , and Head with a headdress. Frescoes included, Theseus victorious over the Minotaur , Telephus suckled by the hind, Chiron teaching Achilles the lyre, Perseus slaying Medusa , a charioteer, and papyri. Malibu, California Malibu ( / ˈ m æ l ɪ b uː / MAL -ih-boo ; Spanish : Malibú )

707-570: A hill overlooking the Pacific Ocean, which is about 100 yards (91 m) from the entrance to the property. An outdoor 2,500-square-foot (230 m) entry pavilion is also built into the hill near the 248-car, four story, South Parking garage at the southern end of the Outer Peristyle . To the west of the Museum is a 450-seat outdoor Greek theater where evening performances are staged, named in honor of Barbara and Lawrence Fleischman. The theater faces

808-438: A large tablinum in which, under a propylaeum , was the archaic statue of Athena Promachos . A collection of bronze busts were in the interior of the tablinum. These included the head of Scipio Africanus . The living and reception quarters were grouped around the porticoes and terraces, giving occupants ample sunlight and a view of the countryside and sea. In the living quarters, bath installations were brought to light, and

909-532: A lengthy court battle to prevent the building of a Southern Pacific railroad line through the ranch. Interstate Commerce Commission regulations would not support a railroad condemning property in order to build tracks that paralleled an existing line, so Frederick Rindge built his own railroad through his property first. He died, and May followed through with the plans, building the Hueneme, Malibu and Port Los Angeles Railway . The line started at Carbon Canyon, just inside

1010-582: A mile east of the pier, was ravaged by a fire in 1931. It partially reopened in 1932, but could not recover from the effects of the Great Depression and a steep downturn in Southern California construction projects. A distinct hybrid of Moorish and Arts and crafts designs, Malibu tile is considered highly collectible. Fine examples of the tiles may be seen at the Adamson House and Serra Retreat,

1111-481: A museum that elicits no smirks from the art world ... a masterful job ... crafting a sophisticated ensemble of buildings, plazas, and landscaping that finally provides a real home for a relic of another time and place." In 2016–2018 the collection was reinstalled in a chronological arrangement emphasizing art-historical themes. There has been controversy surrounding the Greek and Italian governments' claim that objects in

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1212-581: A second library of Latin papyri at a lower, as yet unexcavated level of the Villa." In 1970, oil billionaire J. Paul Getty engaged the architectural firm of Langdon and Wilson to create a replica of the Villa dei Papiri to serve as a museum where his collection of antiquities would be displayed. Based on Weber's plans published in Le Antichità di Ercolano , the museum was built on Getty's Malibu ranch in 1972–1974. Architectural consultant Norman Neuerburg and

1313-715: A state park), and across from the Malibu Civic Center. May Rindge allowed prominent Hollywood movie stars to build vacation homes in the Colony as a defensive public relations wedge against the Southern Pacific from taking her property under eminent domain for a coastal train route. The action forced the Southern Pacific to route its northbound line inland then return to the coast in Ventura. But her long legal battle to protect

1414-441: A technique developed in the early 1990s, it is possible to read the burned papyri. With multi-spectral imaging, many pictures of the illegible papyri are taken using different filters in the infrared or in the ultraviolet range, finely tuned to capture certain wavelengths of light. Thus, the optimum spectral portion can be found for distinguishing ink from paper on the blackened papyrus surface. Non-destructive CT scans will, it

1515-748: Is a beach city in the Santa Monica Mountains region of Los Angeles County, California , about 30 miles (48 km) west of Downtown Los Angeles . It is known for its Mediterranean climate , its strip of beaches stretching 21 miles (34 km) along the Pacific Ocean coast, and for its longtime status as the home of numerous affluent Hollywood celebrities and executives. Although a high proportion of its residents are entertainment industry figures with multi-million dollar mansions, Malibu also features several middle - and upper-middle-class neighborhoods. The Pacific Coast Highway ( State Route 1 ) traverses

1616-516: Is a reproduction of the Villa of the Papyri. The villa is located a few hundred metres from the nearest house in Herculaneum . Although it now lies inland, before the volcanic eruption of October 79 AD, the structure occupied more than 250 metres (820 ft) of coastline along the Gulf of Naples . On the other sides it was surrounded by a closed garden, vineyards and woods. The villa had four levels beneath

1717-531: Is arranged by themes, e.g., Gods and Goddesses , Dionysos and the Theater , and Stories of the Trojan War . The new architectural plan surrounding the Villa – which was conceived by Machado and Silvetti Associates (who were also responsible for the plans for the renovated museum) – is designed to simulate an archaeological dig. Architectural Record has praised their work on the Getty Villa as "a near miracle –

1818-504: Is arranged in a square opening into the Inner Peristyle courtyard. The 2006 museum renovation added 58 windows facing the Inner Peristyle and a retractable skylight over the atrium. It replaced the terrazzo floors in the galleries and added seismic protection with new steel reinforcing beams and new isolators in the bases of statues and display cases. The museum has 48,000 sq ft (4,500 m) of gallery space. Writing in 2008,

1919-635: Is believed to have moored at Malibu Lagoon, at the mouth of Malibu Creek, to obtain fresh water in 1542. The Spanish presence returned with the California mission system, and the area was part of Rancho Topanga Malibu Sequit —a 13,000-acre (53 km ) land grant —in 1802. Baptismal records list 118 individuals from Humaliwo. That ranch passed intact to Frederick Hastings Rindge in 1891. He and his wife, Rhoda May Knight Rindge , staunchly protected their land. After his death, May guarded their property zealously by hiring guards to evict all trespassers and fighting

2020-414: Is hoped, provide breakthroughs in reading the fragile unopened scrolls without destroying them in the process. Encouraging results along this line of research have been obtained, which use phase-contrast X-ray imaging . According to authors, "this pioneering research opens up new prospects not only for the many papyri still unopened, but also for others that have not yet been discovered, perhaps including

2121-453: Is inconclusive as to whether the marble statue can be dated to Greek times. If genuine, the Getty kouros is one of only twelve remaining intact lifesize kouroi . The Marbury Hall Zeus is an 81 in (2.1 m) tall marble statue that was recovered from ruins at Tivoli near Rome. Detailed information about the J. Paul Getty Museum's collection, audio tours, and maps of the Museum are provided on

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2222-641: Is now part of Malibu Creek State Park, between Malibu Lagoon State Beach and Surfrider Beach, beside the Malibu Pier that was used to provide transportation to/from the ranch, including construction materials for the Rindge railroad, and to tie up the family's yacht. In 1926, in an effort to avoid selling land to stave off insolvency, May Rindge created a small ceramic tile factory. At its height, Malibu Potteries employed over 100 workers, and produced decorative tiles that furnish many Los Angeles-area public buildings and Beverly Hills residences. The factory, half

2323-650: Is small and secluded, surrounded by laurel and plane trees . Its chief feature is an exact replica of the famous shell and mosaic fountain at the House of the Great Fountain in Pompeii, but there is also a circular fountain at the center of a basin filled with aquatic plants, around which the garden is oriented. The fourth and final garden is the Inner Peristyle. Like the Outer Peristyle, a long, narrow, marble lined pool forms

2424-593: Is the Outer Peristyle, an exact proportional replica of the one at the Villa dei Papiri. The garden is 308 by 105 feet (94 m × 32 m), with a 220 feet (67 m) long pool at the center. Traditional Roman landscaping designs are replicated with manicured bay laurel , boxwood , oleander , and viburnum shrubs. There are rows of date palms lining each of the long sides of the Outer Peristyle garden. Each corner features pomegranate trees surrounded by ornamental plants like acanthus , ivy , hellebore , lavender , and iris . Copies of Roman bronzes excavated at

2525-499: Is the largest employer in Malibu. Jakks Pacific is based in Malibu. Established in 1937 in south-central Los Angeles, Pepperdine University moved to its Malibu campus in 1972. But when Malibu incorporated as a city, the boundaries were drawn to exclude Pepperdine, at the college's insistence. The Surfrider Foundation was formed in 1984 by a group of surfers gathered to protect 31 miles (50 km) of coastal waters from Marina Del Rey through Malibu to Ventura County, and represent

2626-460: The 9th Summit of the Americas on June 9, 2022, which was a first for the Villa. The Getty Villa hosts live performances in both its indoor auditorium and its outdoor theatre. Indoor play-readings included The Trojan Women, Aristophanes' The Frogs, and Euripides' Helen . Indoor musical performances, which typically relate to art exhibits, included: Musica Angelica, De Organographia, and Songs from

2727-535: The "GettyGuide" app. Villa of the Papyri The Villa of the Papyri ( Italian : Villa dei Papiri , also known as Villa dei Pisoni and in early excavation records as the Villa Suburbana ) was an ancient Roman villa in Herculaneum , in what is now Ercolano , southern Italy . It is named after its unique library of papyri scrolls, discovered in 1750. The Villa was considered to be one of

2828-450: The 1840s. The Getty Villa offers special educational programs for children. A special Family Forum gallery offers activities including decorating Greek vases and projecting shadows onto a screen that represents a Greek urn. The room also has polystyrene props from Greek and Roman culture for children to handle and use to cast shadows. The Getty Villa also offers children's guides to the other exhibits. The Getty Conservation Institute offers

2929-660: The 1850 fictional work A Few Days in Athens claim to be "the translation of a Greek Manuscript discovered in Herculaneum". The novel was written by Frances Wright, a female philosopher who was mentored by the Epicurean American founding father, Thomas Jefferson , and it unapologetically defends Epicurus' character, Epicurean philosophy, and secular values. Several scenes in Robert Harris ' bestselling novel Pompeii are set in

3030-427: The 1980s work on re-discovering the villa began by studying 18th century documentation on entrances to the tunnels and in 1986 the breakthrough was made through an ancient well. The backfill from some of the tunnels was cleared to allow re-exploration of the villa when it was found that the parts of the villa that survived the earlier excavations were still remarkable in quantity and quality. Excavation to expose part of

3131-433: The 1993 wildfire stripped the surrounding mountains of their earth-hugging chaparral , torrential rainstorms in early 1994 caused a massive mudslide near Las Flores Canyon that closed down the Pacific Coast Highway for months. Thousands of tons of mud, rocks, and water rained down on the highway. The destruction to property and infrastructure was exacerbated by the road's narrowness at that point, with beachside houses abutting

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3232-582: The California Coastal Act. The state Legislature eventually passed a Malibu-specific law that allowed the Coastal Commission to write an LCP for Malibu, thus limiting the city's ability to control many aspects of land use. Because of the failure to adequately address sewage disposal problems in the heart of the city, the local water board ordered Malibu in November 2009 to build a sewage plant for

3333-525: The California Department of Transportation (Cal-Trans) over a year after the road collapsed. Mudslides can occur at any time in Malibu, whether a recent fire or rainstorm has occurred or not. Pacific Coast Highway , Kanan Dume Road , and Malibu Canyon Road (as well as many other local roads) have all been prone to many subsequent mudslide-related closures. During any period of prolonged or intense rain, Caltrans snowplows patrol most canyon roads in

3434-535: The Civic Center area. The city council has objected to that solution. On February 2, 2007, Civic Center Stormwater Treatment Facility opened. On June 29, 2016, City of Malibu Civic Center Wasterwater Treatment Facility , Phase 1, broke ground. Malibu's eastern end borders the community of Topanga , which separates it from the city of Los Angeles. According to the United States Census Bureau ,

3535-717: The Elder , who commands the Roman Navy at Misenum on the other side of the Bay of Naples . Pliny immediately sets out in a warship, and gets in sight of the villa, but the eruption prevents him from landing and taking off Rectina and her library – which is left for modern archaeologists to find. According to the 1908 publication Buried Herculaneum by Ethel Ross Barker, there were busts of Athene Gorgolopha, Archaistic Pallas, Archaic Apollo , Head of an Amazon, Dionysus or Plato (? Poseidon), Doryphorus , Mercury, Homer, Ptolemy Alexander (Alexander

3636-630: The Fifth Age: Sones de México in Concert. The auditorium held a public reading of Homer's Iliad . Outdoor performances included Aristophanes' Peace , Aeschylus's Agamemnon , and Sophocles' Elektra . The Getty Villa hosts visiting exhibitions beyond its own collections. For example, in March 2011 "In Search of Biblical Lands" was a photographic exhibition which included scenes of the Middle East dating back to

3737-454: The Great?), Ptolemy Philadelphus, Ptolemy Soter I (Seleucus Nicator I), and the mythological Danaids and others. Illustrations included scenes with, Head with the wreathed helmet ( Pyrrhus of Epirus ?), Archimedes ( Archidamus III ?), Attilius Regulus ( Philetairus of Pergamum ?), Pseudo-Seneca ( Philetas of Cos ?), Berenice, Heraclitus , Ptolemy Lathyrus , Ptolemy Soter II, Sappho , Warrior in

3838-505: The King to study them. The King subsequently established a commission for the study of the papyri . Camillo Paderni who took part at the excavations and was possibly the first to transcribe papyri, noted in a letter dated 1754, "...in five places, where we might have expected to meet with busts or statues, the antients had been digging before us, and taken them away. The method, whereby they regulated their searches, seems to have been this: where

3939-562: The Malibu coast had been costly, and she died penniless. Long known as a popular private enclave for wealthy celebrities, the Malibu Colony is a gated community , with multi-million-dollar homes on small lots. It has views of the Pacific, with coastline views stretching from Santa Monica to Rancho Palos Verdes to the south (known locally as the Queen's Necklace ) and the bluffs of Point Dume to

4040-428: The Malibu coast include Leo Carrillo State Beach and Park , Malibu Creek State Park , Point Mugu State Park , and Robert H. Meyer Memorial State Beach , along with individual beaches such as El Matador Beach, El Pescador Beach, La Piedra Beach, Carbon Beach, Surfrider Beach, Westward Beach, and Escondido Beach. Paradise Cove, Pirates Cove, Trancas, and Encinal Bluffs are along the coast in Malibu. Point Dume forms

4141-424: The Malibu land grant was incorporated as a city to allow local control of the area (as cities under California law, they are not subject to the same level of county government oversight). Prior to achieving municipal status, the local residents had fought several county-proposed developments, including an offshore freeway, a nuclear power plant , and several plans to replace septic tanks with sewer lines to protect

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4242-496: The Pacific Coast Highway would need to be widened into a freeway to accommodate growth that they did not want. The supervisors fought the incorporation drive and prevented the residents from voting, a decision that was overturned in the courts. The city councils in the 1990s were unable to write a Local Coastal Plan (LCP) that preserved enough public access to satisfy the California Coastal Commission , as required by

4343-447: The Papyri was discovered in 1750 by farmers when digging a well. The following excavation work was conducted first by Roque Joaquín de Alcubierre and later by the Swiss engineer Karl Jakob Weber , who worked under Alcubierre for King Charles VII of Naples . Initially the first papyri scrolls which were obtained in 1752 were thrown away due to the high number, then Bernardo Tanucci advised

4444-475: The Villa dei Papiri and elsewhere are scattered throughout the garden. Just west of the Outer Peristyle is the Herb Garden, where traditional herbs sourced from ancient Roman texts are cultivated along with a variety of fruit trees: pomegranate, fig , apricot , apple , citrus , and pear . The garden is surrounded by grapevines, and bounded by an olive grove planted on terraces above the garden. The East Garden

4545-499: The Villa of the Papyri, just before the eruption engulfed it. The villa is mentioned as belonging to Roman aristocrat Pedius Cascus and his wife Rectina . Pliny the Younger mentions Rectina, whom he calls the wife of Tascius, in Letter 16 of book VI of his Letters . At the start of the eruption Rectina prepares to have the library evacuated and sends urgent word to her old friend, Pliny

4646-430: The age of 18 living in them, 2,571 (48.8%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 403 (7.7%) had a female householder with no husband present, 222 (4.2%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 269 (5.1%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships , and 49 (0.9%) same-sex married couples or partnerships . 1,498 households (28.4%) were made up of individuals, and 501 (9.5%) had someone living alone who

4747-487: The architectural critic Calum Storrie described the overall effect: What the Getty Villa achieves, first by seclusion, then by control of access, and ultimately through the architecture, is a sense of detachment from its immediate environment. There are four different gardens on the grounds of the Getty Villa, with plants native to the Mediterranean and known to have been cultivated by the ancient Romans. The largest garden

4848-452: The area, clearing mud, rocks, and other debris from the roads. Such efforts keep most roads passable, but it is nevertheless typical for one or more of the major roads leading into and out of Malibu to be temporarily closed during the rainy season. Malibu is periodically subject to intense coastal storms. Occasionally, these unearth remnants of the Rindge railroad that was built through Malibu in

4949-547: The ash hardened to form tuff . The House of Bourbon under King Charles VII of Naples issued excavations following the re-discovery of Herculaneum in 1738. Excavation work at Herculaneum was done through digging tunnels, and piercing walls, in an attempt to find treasures like paintings, statues and other ornaments to be exhibited in the Museum Herculanense , part of the King's Royal Palace in Portici . The Villa of

5050-404: The average family size was 2.86. In the city, 19.6% of the population was under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 26.4% from 25 to 44, 32.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.0% was 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.6 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 102,031, and

5151-538: The bronze Seated Hermes , found at the villa in 1758. Around the bowl of the atrium impluvium were 11 bronze fountain statues depicting Satyrs pouring water from a pitcher and Amorini pouring water from the mouth of a dolphin. Other statues and busts were found in the corners around the atrium walls. Five statues of life-sized bronze dancing women wearing the Doric peplos sculpted in different positions and with inlaid eyes are adapted Roman copies of originals from

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5252-608: The centerpiece of the landscaping. Along each side are replicas of bronze female statues from the Villa dei Papiri, modelled to appear as if they are drawing water from the pool. In each corner of the garden is a replica white marble fountain, and there are several bronze copies of famous Greek sculptures like the Doryphoros and busts of Greek philosophers like Pythagoras and Democritus . The collection has 44,000 Greek, Roman, and Etruscan antiquities dating from 6,500 BC to 400 AD, of which approximately 1,400 are on view. Among

5353-538: The city and has led most residents to settle anywhere from half a mile (0.8 km) to within a few hundred yards of it, with some residents living up to one mile (1.6 km) away from the beach in areas featuring narrow canyons. As of the 2020 census , the city's population was 10,654. Nicknamed "The 'Bu" by surfers and locals, Malibu is noted for its beaches. The many parks within the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area lie along

5454-440: The city has an area of 19.8 square miles (51 km ), over 99% of it is land. Malibu's dry brush chaparral and steep clay slopes make it prone to fires, floods, and mudslides. Beaches on the Malibu coast include Big Rock Beach, Broad Beach, County Line Beach , Dan Blocker Beach, La Costa Beach, Las Flores Beach, Malibu Beach, Point Dume Beach , Surfrider Beach , Topanga Beach , and Zuma Beach . State parks and beaches on

5555-442: The city. The population density was 632.9 inhabitants per square mile (244.4/km ). There were 6,126 housing units at an average density of 308.3 units per square mile (119.0 units/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 91.91% White , 8.49% Asian , 0.90% African American , 0.21% Native American , 0.10% Pacific Islander , 1.67% from other races , and 2.72% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.48% of

5656-502: The collection were looted and should be repatriated . In 2006, the Getty returned or promised to return four looted objects to Greece: a stele (grave marker), a marble relief, a gold funerary wreath, and a marble statue. In 2007, the Getty signed an agreement to return 40 looted items to Italy. The villa was host to leaders of the Western Hemisphere for dinner, held by President Joe Biden and First Lady Jill Biden in honor of

5757-404: The curator of Getty's antiquities, Jiří Frel , worked closely with Getty and the architects to ensure the accuracy of the museum building's design . Since the Villa dei Papiri was unexcavated, Neuerburg based many of the villa's architectural and landscaping details on elements from other ancient Roman houses in the towns of Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Stabiae . For example, the mosaic fountain in

5858-582: The discovery of its library , the only surviving library from the Graeco-Roman world that exists in its entirety. It contained over 1,800 papyrus scrolls, now carbonised by the heat of the eruption, the " Herculaneum papyri ". Most of the villa is still underground. Parts have been cleared of volcanic deposits. Many of the finds are displayed in the Naples National Archaeological Museum . The Getty Villa museum in Malibu, California,

5959-500: The early 20th century. On January 25, 2008, during an unusually large storm for Southern California, a tornado came ashore and struck a naval base's hangar, ripping off the roof. It was the first tornado to strike Malibu's shoreline in recorded history. Malibu is within 50 miles (80 km) of the San Andreas Fault , a fault over 800 miles (1,300 km) long that can produce an earthquake over magnitude 8. Several faults are in

6060-473: The fifth century BC. They are also hydrophorai drawing water from a fountain. The owner of the house, perhaps Calpurnius Piso, established a library of a mainly philosophical character. It is believed that the library might have been collected and selected by Piso's family friend and client, the Epicurean Philodemus of Gadara , although this conclusion is not certain. Followers of Epicurus studied

6161-542: The fringe of an extensive chaparral and woodland wilderness area, the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area. Various environmental elements collectively create a recipe for natural disasters: the mountainous and geologically unstable terrain; seasonal rainstorms that result in dense vegetation growth; seasonal dry Santa Ana winds ; and a naturally dry topography and climate. The Malibu coast has seen dozens of wildfires: One of

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6262-417: The ground was pretty easy to work, they dug through it and where they met with the solid lava they desisted. But whether they were in want of money, or of hands, they certainly did not perfect their intention; as is plain from the statues, which we have found." Excavations were halted in 1765 due to complaints from the residents living above. The exact location of the villa was then lost for two centuries. In

6363-500: The highway with little or no frontage land as a buffer to the mudslide. Another large mudslide occurred on Malibu Canyon Road , between the Pepperdine University campus and HRL Laboratories LLC, closing down Malibu Canyon for two months. Yet another behemoth slide occurred on Kanan Dume Road , about one mile (1.6 km) up the canyon from the Pacific Coast Highway. This closure lasted many months, with Kanan finally fixed by

6464-458: The library of rolled and carbonised papyri placed inside wooden capsae , some of them on ordinary wooden shelves and around the walls and some on the two sides of a set of shelves in the middle of the room. The grounds included a large area of covered and uncovered gardens for walks in the shade or in the warmth of the sun. The gardens included a gallery of busts, hermae and small marble and bronze statues. These were laid out between columns amid

6565-401: The main floor, arranged in terraces overlooking the sea. It has recently been ascertained that the main floor was 16 m (52 ft) above sea level in antiquity. The villa's layout is an expanded version of the traditional Campanian villa suburbana . One entered through the fauces and proceeded to the atrium , which functioned as an entrance hall and a means of communication with

6666-465: The median income for a family was $ 123,293. Males had a median income of $ 100,000 versus $ 46,919 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 74,336. About 3.2% of families and 7.6% of the population were below the poverty line , including 6.8% of those under age 18 and 1.1% of those age 65 or over. German and English were the most common ancestries. Canada and the United Kingdom were

6767-408: The most common foreign places of birth. The Malibu Chamber of Commerce was formed in 1949 to provide support to local Malibu business, and has over 500 members. HRL Laboratories , the research arm of the former Hughes Aircraft Company , was established in 1960 in Malibu. Among its research accomplishments was the first working laser . Despite the aerospace industry's downsizing in the 1990s, HRL

6868-491: The most luxurious houses in all of Herculaneum and in the Roman world. Its luxury is shown by its exquisite architecture and by the large number of outstanding works of art discovered, including frescoes, bronzes and marble sculpture which constitute the largest collection of Greek and Roman sculptures ever discovered in a single context. It was situated on the ancient coastline below the volcano Vesuvius with nothing to obstruct

6969-481: The most problematic side effects of the fires that periodically rage through Malibu is the destruction of vegetation, which normally provides some degree of topographical stability to the loosely packed shale and sandstone hills during periods of heavy precipitation. Rainstorms following large wildfires can thus cause mudslides, in which water-saturated earth and rock moves quickly down mountainsides, or entire slices of mountainside abruptly detach and fall downward. After

7070-411: The museum are Getty's original private ranch house and the museum wing that Getty added to his home in 1954. They are now used for curatorial offices, meeting rooms and as a library. Although not open to the public, the campus includes J. Paul Getty's grave on the hill behind his ranch house. A 200-car North Parking Garage is behind the ranch complex. The 105,500-square-foot (9,800 m) museum building

7171-692: The museum's garden peristyle replicates the one in the Nymphaeum of the House of the Large Fountain at Pompeii . In 1997, the Getty Museum was relocated to the Getty Center . The Malibu villa was renovated and reopened in 2006. The reconceived Getty Villa , as it is now called, serves as an annex dedicated to the display of the museum's antiquities and as a centre for the study of ancient art. The opening pages of

7272-580: The north. The first working model of a laser was demonstrated by Theodore Maiman in 1960 in Malibu at the Hughes Research Laboratory (now known as HRL Laboratories LLC). In the 1990s HRL Laboratories developed the FastScat computer code. TRW built a laboratory in Solstice Canyon without any structural steel to test magnetic detectors for satellites and medical devices. In 1991 most of

7373-534: The northern end of the Santa Monica Bay , and Point Dume Headlands Park affords a vista stretching to the Palos Verdes Peninsula and Santa Catalina Island . Like all California beaches, Malibu beaches are public below the mean high tide line. Many large public beaches are easily accessible, but such access is sometimes limited for some of the smaller and more remote beaches. The Malibu Coast lies on

7474-470: The ocean from seepage that pollutes the marine environment. The incorporation drive gained impetus in 1986, when the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors approved plans for a regional sewer that would have been large enough to serve 400,000 people in the western Santa Monica Mountains. Residents were incensed that they would be assessed taxes and fees to pay for the sewer project, and feared that

7575-399: The open part of the garden and on the edges of the large swimming bath. The luxury of the villa is evidenced not only by the many works of art, but especially by the large number of rare bronze statues found there, all masterpieces. The villa housed a collection of at least 80 sculptures of magnificent quality, many now conserved in the Naples National Archaeological Museum . Among them is

7676-521: The outstanding items is Victorious Youth , one of few life-size Greek bronze statues to have survived to modern times. The Lansdowne Heracles is a Hadrianic Roman sculpture in the manner of Lysippus . The Villa has jewelry and coin collections and an extensive 20,000 volume library of books covering art from these periods. The Villa displays the Getty kouros , which the museum lists as "Greek, about 530 B.C., or modern forgery" because scientific analysis

7777-407: The population. There were 5,137 households, out of which 25.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.5% were married couples living together, 6.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.4% were non-families. 27.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and

7878-578: The property. In 1944, he sold the lower half of his holdings there to Art Jones, one of Malibu's prominent early realtors, starting with the initial leases of Rindge land in Malibu Colony. He also owned or partly owned the Malibu Inn, Malibu Trading Post, and the Big Rock Beach Cafe (now Moonshadows restaurant). Philiip McAnany owned 80 acres (32 ha) in the upper Big Rock area, which he purchased in 1919, and had two cabins there, one of which burned in

7979-570: The ranch's property eastern boundary, and ran 15 miles westward, past Pt. Dume. Few roads even entered the area before 1929, when the state won another court case and built what is now known as the Pacific Coast Highway . By then May Rindge was forced to divide her property and begin selling and leasing lots. The Rindge house, known as the Adamson House (a National Register of Historic Places site and California Historical Landmark ),

8080-470: The region, making the area prone to earthquakes. The 1994 Northridge earthquake and the 1971 Sylmar earthquake (magnitudes 6.7 and 6.6, respectively) shook the area. Smaller earthquakes happen more often. This region experiences warm and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F (22.0 °C). According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Malibu has

8181-470: The ridges above the city. The city is bounded by the Santa Monica Mountains to the north, Topanga to the east, Solromar to the west, and the ocean to the south. Signs around the city boast of its "21 miles of scenic beauty" in reference to the incorporated city limits. In 2017, the signs were updated from the historical 27-mile (43 km) length of the Malibu coast spanning from Tuna Canyon on

8282-415: The site until the completion of a feasibility report, which has been in preparation for some years. The first part of the report emerged in 2008 but included no timetable or cost projections, since the decision for further excavation is a political one. Politics involve excavation under inhabited areas in addition to unspecified but reported references to mafia involvement. Using multi-spectral imaging ,

8383-580: The southeast to Point Mugu in Ventura County on the northwest. The Malibu ZIP code includes residents of the unincorporated canyon areas as it was assigned before the city incorporated. The city also has the closest commercial centers. The area is within the Ventureño Chumash territory, which extended from the San Joaquin Valley to San Luis Obispo to Malibu, as well as several islands off

8484-478: The southern coast of California. The Chumash called the settlement Humaliwo or "the surf sounds loudly". The city's name derives from this, as the "Hu" syllable is not stressed. Humaliwo was an important regional center in prehistoric times. The village, which is identified as CA-LAN-264, was occupied from approximately 2500 BCE. It was the second-largest Chumash coastal settlement by the Santa Monica Mountains , after Muwu ( Point Mugu ). This pre-colonial village

8585-626: The surfing community. Heal the Bay , a nonprofit organization for environmental advocacy, was formed in 1985 to protect Santa Monica Bay , which extends from Malibu's Point Dume along the entire coastline of Malibu past Santa Monica to the Palos Verdes Peninsula. Following the opening of Passages Malibu in 2001, the city has become home to numerous residential drug-abuse treatment centers. As of 2013, there are 35 state-licensed drug and alcohol rehabilitation facilities in Malibu, in addition to

8686-442: The teachings of this moral and natural philosopher. This philosophy taught that man is mortal, that the cosmos is the result of accident, that there is no providential god, and that the criteria of a good life are pleasure and temperance. Philodemus' connections with Piso brought him an opportunity to influence the young students of Greek literature and philosophy who gathered around him at Herculaneum and Naples . Much of his work

8787-597: The two locations with the Getty Villa housing the Greek , Roman , and Etruscan antiquities. In 1993, the Getty Trust selected the Boston architects Rodolfo Machado and Jorge Silvetti to design a renovation of the Getty Villa and its campus. In 1997, portions of the museum's collection of Greek, Roman and Etruscan antiquities were moved to the Getty Center for display, and the Getty Villa was closed for renovation. The collection

8888-527: The various parts of the house. The entrance opened with a columned portico on the sea side. After passing through the tablinum , one arrived at the first peristyle , made up of ten columns on each side, with a swimming pool in the centre. In this area were found the bronze herm adapted from the Doryphorus of Polykleitos and the herm of an Amazon made by Apollonios son of Archias of Athens. The large second peristyle could be reached by passing through

8989-454: The view of the sea. It was perhaps owned by Julius Caesar 's father-in-law, Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus . In 1908, Barker suggested that Philodemus may have been the owner. In AD 79, the eruption of Vesuvius covered all of Herculaneum with up to 30 metres (98 ft) of volcanic material from pyroclastic flows . Herculaneum was first excavated between 1750 and 1765 by Karl Weber by means of tunnels. The villa's name derives from

9090-576: The villa was done in the 1990s and revealed two previously undiscovered lower floors to the villa with frescoes in situ. These were found along the southwest-facing terrace of about 4 metres height. The first row of rooms lying below the arcade was evidenced by a series of rectangular openings along the façade. Limited excavations recommenced at the site in 2007 to preserve the remains when carved parts of wood and ivory furniture were discovered. Since then limited public access became available. As of 2012 , there were still 2,800 m left to be excavated of

9191-501: The villa. The remainder of the site has not been excavated because the Italian government is preferring conservation to excavation, and protecting what has already been uncovered. David Woodley Packard , who has funded conservation work at Herculaneum through his Packard Humanities Institute , has said that he is likely to be able to fund excavation of the Villa of the Papyri when the authorities agree to it; but no work will be permitted on

9292-402: The west side of the Villa and uses its entrance as a stage. To the northwest of the theatre is a three-story, 15,500-square-foot (1,440 m) building built into the hill that contains the museum store on the lower level, a cafe on the second level, and a private dining room on the top level. North of the Villa is a 10,000 sq ft (930 m) indoor 250-seat auditorium. On the hill above

9393-572: Was 11,565 (91.5%) White (87.4% Non-Hispanic White), 148 (1.2%) African American , 20 (0.2%) Native American , 328 (2.6%) Asian , 15 (0.1%) Pacific Islander , 182 (1.4%) from other races , and 387 (3.1%) from two or more races. There were 769 people of Hispanic or Latino origin, of any race (6.1%). The Census reported that 12,504 people (98.9% of the population) lived in households, 126 (1.0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 15 (0.1%) were institutionalized. There were 5,267 households, out of which 1,379 (26.2%) had children under

9494-448: Was 2.8%; the rental vacancy rate was 11.9%. 9,141 people (72.3% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 3,363 people (26.6%) lived in rental housing units. According to the 2010 United States Census, Malibu had a median household income of $ 133,869, with 10.6% of the population living below the federal poverty line. As of the census of 2000, there were 12,575 people, 5,137 households, and 3,164 families residing in

9595-742: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37. There were 3,196 families (60.7% of all households); the average family size was 2.87. There were 2,366 people (18.7%) under the age of 18, 1,060 people (8.4%) aged 18 to 24, 2,291 people (18.1%) aged 25 to 44, 4,606 people (36.4%) aged 45 to 64, and 2,322 people (18.4%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.0 males. There were 6,864 housing units at an average density of 346.2 units per square mile (133.7 units/km ), of which 3,716 (70.6%) were owner-occupied, and 1,551 (29.4%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate

9696-514: Was discovered in about a thousand papyrus rolls in the philosophical library recovered at Herculaneum. Although his prose work is detailed in the strung-out, non-periodic style typical of Hellenistic Greek prose before the revival of the Attic style after Cicero , Philodemus surpassed the average literary standard to which most epicureans aspired. Philodemus succeeded in influencing the most learned and distinguished Romans of his age. None of his prose work

9797-486: Was known until the rolls of papyri were discovered among the ruins of the Villa of the Papyri. At the time of the eruption of Vesuvius in AD 79, the valuable library was packed in cases ready to be moved to safety when it was overtaken by a pyroclastic flow ; the eruption eventually deposited some 20–25 m of volcanic ash over the site, charring the scrolls but preserving them – the only surviving library of Antiquity – as

9898-408: Was never visited by Getty, who died in 1976. Following his death, the museum inherited $ 661 million and began planning a much larger campus, the Getty Center , in nearby Brentwood . The museum overcame neighborhood opposition to its new campus plan by agreeing to limit the total size of the development on the Getty Center site. To meet the museum's total space needs, the museum decided to split between

9999-633: Was next to Malibu Lagoon and is now part of the State Park. Humaliwo was considered an important political center, but there were additional minor settlements in the area. One village, Ta'lopop, was a few miles up Malibu Canyon from Malibu Lagoon. Research shows that Humaliwo had ties to other pre-colonial villages, including Hipuk (in Westlake Village ), Lalimanux (by Conejo Grade ) and Huwam (in Bell Canyon ). Conquistador Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo

10100-439: Was observed on September 27, 2010, while the record low temperature of 26 °F (–3 °C) was observed on January 14, 2007. The 2020 United States census reported that Malibu had a population of 10,654, a 15.7% decrease from the 2010 census. The 2010 United States census reported that Malibu had a population of 12,645. The population density was 637.7 inhabitants per square mile (246.2/km ). The racial makeup of Malibu

10201-571: Was restored during the renovation. In 2004, during the renovation, the museum and the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), began holding summer institutes in Turkey, studying the conservation of Middle Eastern Art. Reopened on January 28, 2006, the Getty Villa shows Greek, Roman, and Etruscan antiquities within Roman-inspired architecture and surrounded by Roman-style gardens. The art

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