Erwin Geschonneck (27 December 1906 – 12 March 2008) was a German actor . His biggest success occurred in the German Democratic Republic , where he was considered one of the most famous actors of the time.
20-615: Geschonneck was born in Bartenstein , East Prussia (now Bartoszyce, Poland ), the son of a poor shoemaker . The family moved to Berlin in 1909 so his father could work as a nightwatchman . In 1919, the younger Geschonneck joined the Communist Party of Germany . After the Nazi takeover in 1933, he emigrated to the Soviet Union via Poland , but was expelled in 1938 and moved to Prague. After
40-515: A machine factory, and a train-car factory. It was also noted for its oak trade. A garrison town for the Prussian Army , Bartenstein was the seat of the district court. Because it had grown to become the largest town in Landkreis Friedland during the 19th century, the town was made the district capital in 1902. Landkreis Friedland was renamed Landkreis Bartenstein in 1927. The foundations of
60-566: A response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine . Ordensburg Ordensburg (plural Ordensburgen ) is a German term meaning a " castle of a (military) order". It is used specifically for the fortified structures built by crusading German military orders during the Middle Ages . Ordensburgen were originally constructed by the Livonian Brothers of the Sword and later by
80-551: A successful actor. He was a member of the jury at the 6th and 7th Moscow International Film Festivals . Geschonneck was featured in the German film Jacob the Liar by Frank Beyer , which was nominated for Best Foreign Language Film at the 1977 Academy Awards – the only nomination for the GDR. In December 2006, he turned 100. His last film, made in 1995 for the German television network ARD ,
100-534: Is the capital of Bartoszyce County within the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship . Bartoszyce lies on the left shore of river Łyna River in a valley, approximately 90 kilometres (56 miles) east of Elbląg and 55 kilometres (34 miles) south of Kaliningrad , at an altitude of 3 metres (9.8 feet) above sea level . Around 1241 the Teutonic Knights (the monastic German Order) constructed a castle on
120-745: The Fall of Communism in the 1980s. Remaining German residents who had survived were either evacuated or later expelled in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement , and the town was repopulated with Poles . As part of the repressions against the Catholic Church , the communists created a special military unit in Bartoszyce, to which they forcibly conscripted students of theological seminaries . The future priest Jerzy Popiełuszko did his military service there in 1966–1968. He initiated resistance, for which he
140-723: The German occupation of Bohemia and Moravia , he was arrested on 31 March 1939. During World War II , he was imprisoned in several Nazi concentration camps . In 1945, Geschonneck was one of the few prisoners who survived the RAF sinking of the Cap Arcona . Immediately following the war, Geschonneck acted in theaters in Hamburg , Germany, and made his film debut in 1947 in In jenen Tagen . He subsequently moved to East Germany , worked with Bertolt Brecht , and became
160-718: The Holy Roman Empire , they were much scarcer in the Monastic state of the Teutonic Knights . While a normal castle in the Reich would control about 38 km , a castle would control 370 km in Prussia and 789 km in Livonia, Courland and Estonia. The few small castles are considered to be of vassals , while the larger ones might have served as arsenals and strongholds during
180-523: The Napoleonic Wars placed Bartenstein within East Prussia's Landkreis Friedland in 1818. The town was subjected to Germanisation policies, and although the post of a Polish preacher still existed in 1829, the appointed preacher did not speak Polish. The Lyck -Bartenstein ( Ełk –Bartoszyce) train line ran through the town in 1868, leading to the establishment of industries, including an iron foundry,
200-571: The Teutonic Order to fortify territory in Prussia and Livonia captured from the native populations – Old Prussians , Lithuanians and native peoples of what is now Latvia and Estonia . Later, Ordensburgen were used to attack Lithuania . Since they were built and used by religious military orders, the Ordensburgen often resembled cloisters . While they were considerably larger than those in
220-699: The Polish Crown. The town converted to Protestantism in the same year during the Protestant Reformation . Bartenstein became part of the secular Kingdom of Prussia in 1701 and the Prussian Province of East Prussia in 1773. During the Napoleonic Wars , Prussia and the Russian Empire signed a treaty of alliance in the town on 26 April 1807, the Treaty of Bartenstein . Administrative reform following
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#1732854686368240-498: The Polish names Bartoszyce and Barsztyn . The town's Teutonic Order administrator (German: Komtur ), Henning Schindekopf of Balga, began construction of a wall around the town in 1353. In 1440, the town joined the anti-Teutonic Prussian Confederation , upon the request of which Polish King Casimir IV Jagiellon incorporated the region and town to the Kingdom of Poland in 1454. At
260-660: The beginning of the subsequent Thirteen Years' War , the Teutonic castle was destroyed and was not rebuilt afterward. However, the residents of Bartenstein became reconciled with the Teutonic Knights in 1460. After the peace treaty signed in Toruń in 1466, the town became part of Poland as a fief held by the State of the Teutonic Order . To stabilize the Order's financial situation, the Order sold
280-498: The left shore of the Łyna River on the border between the Old Prussian regions of Natangia and Bartia . The castle was part of the district ( Komturei ) of Balga . It was first composed of stone houses, palisades , and earthworks and later built of bricks. Besieged by the native Old Prussians for four years during an uprising beginning in 1260, the castle was destroyed in 1264. The Order rebuilt it shortly afterward, but it
300-561: The name Rosenthal , it received town privileges from the Teutonic Grand Master Luther von Braunschweig in 1332. After that the name was changed to Bartenstein and the settlement of Rosenthal below the castle on the left shore of the river was relocated, as the left side had become too endangered by warfare. Poles settled in sizeable numbers in Bartenstein from the 14th to the 17th century. The town's Polish residents used
320-572: The old castle were used in the construction of the administrative seat; this building was destroyed in 1945. In January 1945 during World War II , the town was 50% destroyed in fighting between German forces and the Soviet Red Army . As a result of border changes promulgated at the Potsdam Conference (July–August 1945), the town and the area was assigned to Poland, although with a Soviet-installed communist regime which stayed in power until
340-547: The ruined castle's farmyard and meadows to Wend von Eulenburg in 1469; the entire manor of Bartenstein was sold in 1513 to Heinrich Reuß von Plauen (not the Grand Master ). With the secularization of the Teutonic Order's Prussian territories in 1525, the town became part of the Duchy of Prussia , established with the consent of the Polish king Sigismund I the Old , as a vassal state of
360-530: Was Matulla und Busch [ de ] , where he played alongside veteran actor Fred Delmare . Geschonneck's son Matti Geschonneck directed. Geschonneck died in Berlin on 12 March 2008, aged 101. Bartoszyce Bartoszyce ( pronounced Barto-shitse [bartɔˈʂɨt͡sɛ] ; German : Bartenstein , [ˈbaʁtn̩ʃtaɪn] ) is a town on the Łyna River in northern Poland , with 22,597 inhabitants as of December 2021. It
380-720: Was besieged by another Baltic group, the Sudovians , in 1273. After the Old Prussian uprisings ended, the Knights rebuilt the Ordensburg out of stone from 1274–80. During the 14th and 15th centuries, the castle was managed by the Komtur (administrator) of Balga. Thereafter, a settlement developed near the castle on the right shore of the Alle River opposite the castle. First documented in 1326 under
400-614: Was repeatedly punished, affecting his health for the rest of his life. There is a memorial to Jerzy Popiełuszko in Bartoszyce. Bartoszyce was administratively located in Olsztyn Voivodeship from 1946 to 1998. It became part of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in 1999. The town is the location of a scene in Leo Tolstoy 's War and Peace . Bartoszyce is twinned with: On 25 March 2022, Bartoszyce County decided to terminate its cooperation with Russian city of Bagrationovsk as
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