Misplaced Pages

#878121

105-948: Dean was born in Albury and worked as a blacksmith in Sydney from about 1880. He worked for the North Shore Steam Ferry Company from about 1884 and received a master's certificate in 1888. In 1890, he became night master of the Possum , operating between Circular Quay and Milsons Point . He was popular with his passengers and on four occasions dived into the harbour to save passengers from drowning. In March 1894, Dean married Sarah Annie Gaynor, known as Mary Seymour, and daughter of Catherine Asbury, known as Caroline Seymour, who has been transported to Van Diemen's Land in 1852 for pickpocketing . The Deans settled in North Sydney and soon had

210-664: A " hanging judge " as a consequence of the Mount Rennie rape case . As a result, in May the Government appointed a Royal Commission composed of Francis Edward Rogers QC, Dr Philip Sydney Jones and Dr Frederic Norton Manning to consider the case. Paddy Crick and Dean's lawyer, Richard Meagher , presented abundant evidence to the Royal Commission that Seymour had been a procuress , brothel -keeper and pickpocket. The doctors found that

315-610: A certain amount of population movement resulted. However, the current urban population is approximately 92,200. According to the 2021 census of Population, there were 53,677 people in the Albury part of the Albury – Wodonga Urban Centre. Albury is situated above the river flats of the Murray River, in the foothills of the Great Dividing Range . At the city's airport, Albury is 164 metres (538 ft) above sea level. Albury has

420-495: A circulation of 5,000 and services the areas of Hay, Booligal and Ivanhoe . The Riverine Grazier is published on Wednesdays. Other daily papers from Griffith, Sydney and Melbourne are available in Hay. 2HayFM is the community radio station of Hay, broadcasting to inhabitants of the town and surrounding areas. It plays a mix of music, news and information on local matters using paid staff and volunteers. 2HayFM broadcasts on 92.1 FM with

525-530: A daughter. The Deans' marriage was strained by the presence of Dean's mother-in-law, and Mrs Dean was not happy about her mother's eviction in January 1895. Dean was charged with attempting to murder his wife in March on the basis of his wife's claimed symptoms and evidence of both arsenic and strychnine in lemon syrup and tea and medicines administered by Dean and fortunately preserved for the police investigation. Despite

630-415: A federal executive until one could be formally elected. The city has a number of suburbs. Central Albury comprises the central business district (CBD) and lies between the railway line, the Murray River and Monument Hill. Much commercial activity is concentrated here, with Dean Street forming the axis of the main shopping and office district. A cultural precinct is centred on QEII Square, which includes

735-589: A fine verandah along the front". By mid-1859 the Department of Lands had proclaimed reservations on either side of the river at Lang's Crossing-place and Henry Shiell was appointed Police Magistrate. By October 1859 the township had been named "Hay" after John Hay (later Sir John), a wealthy squatter from the Upper Murray, member of the NSW Legislative Assembly and former Secretary of Lands and Works. Later

840-629: A flood-peak in late spring due to snow-melt in the Murray and its tributaries' alpine headwaters. The flow is now effectively reversed, with low flows in winter and sustained, relatively high flows in late spring, summer and early autumn to meet irrigation demands, although the spring flood peak has been virtually eliminated. The water released from the base of the Hume Weir is unnaturally cold, at least 10 °C (18 °F) colder than it naturally should be. This flow reversal, temperature depression, and removal of

945-504: A flurry of snow was reported to have occurred in Hay, which if verified would be the lowest known snowfall to have ever been observed in the state of New South Wales, at just 90 metres (300 ft) above sea level, though it did not settle on the ground. At the 2021 census , Hay township had a population of 2,882, of whom 8.3% were of indigenous origin. 80.0% of the residents of Hay are Australian-born (compared to 66.9% nationwide), 84.0% of people spoke only English at home and 41.4% of

1050-470: A loaded gun. An attempt by Jeffries to pull down Leonard's hotel as it was being constructed caused an outcry from those advocating a settlement at the location. In consequence the NSW Government sent a surveyor to map out a new township. Henry Leonard completed his inn and opened it on 30 October 1858. The Murrumbidgee Punt Hotel was described as a "large size" weatherboard building with a shingled roof "and

1155-456: A manager at Lang's Crossing-place with the task of establishing a store (initially in a tent).  In December 1857 Thomas Simpson re-located from Deniliquin to establish a blacksmith shop and residence at Lang's Crossing-place.  Six months later the Canadian shipwright Henry Leonard arrived; he commenced building a hotel and dwelling-house near Simpson's buildings and launched a punt on

SECTION 10

#1732858576879

1260-413: A maximum above 35 °C (95 °F) occur in this summer period, with many cooler days. Mean mid winter maxima are 12 °C (54 °F) with many cloudy days, and is likewise the wettest season. Albury gets approximately 20 days per year featuring minima of below freezing, though the cloud cover tends to limit frost. Sleet may occur during the winter months, but settling snowfalls are very rare, with

1365-488: A mild, temperate climate , with cool, damp winters and warm to hot, mostly dry, summers. Under the Köppen climate classification , Albury has a humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ), but would have tendencies of a Mediterranean climate ( Csa ) as well. In high summer, the mean daily maximum temperature is 31 °C (88 °F) with low humidity; however, this is subject to substantial daily variation. An average of 17 days with

1470-453: A protectionist stance after gaining its constitution in 1856. Albury was at this time starting to grow substantially with German speaking immigrants using the area to grow grapes for wine. By the 1870s a butter factory was established, flour mill , wineries and locally brewed cider and soft drinks were available. The railway line from Sydney arrived at Albury in 1881 (see Transport-Rail below). A temporary wooden railway bridge joined

1575-705: A site of interaction between the Nari-Nari people of the Lower Murrumbidgee and the Wiradjuri who inhabited a vast region in the central-western inland of New South Wales. In late 1829 Charles Sturt and his men passed along the Murrumbidgee River on horses and drays. They launched their whale-boat near the Murrumbidgee-Lachlan junction and continued the journey by boat to the Murray River and eventually to

1680-491: A small residential/farming community to the west, Ettamogah (home of the Ettamogah Pub ), Bowna and Table Top to the north, and Wirlinga and Lake Hume village to the east. Howlong (20 km west) and Jindera (16 km north) are the closest towns outside the Albury city area, and act as commuter dormitories as well as service centres for the local rural industries. Albury's houses and buildings are numbered using

1785-556: A special system introduced in 1920. The centre of the city, which is defined as the intersection of Dean and Olive Streets, is numbered 500, and all other houses are numbered depending on whether they are north, south, east or west of the centre. Lake Hume is situated on the Murray River 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) upstream of Albury. The Hume Dam (colloquially termed the Weir locally) wall construction took 17 years, from 1919 to 1936. A hydro-electric power plant supplies 60 MW of power to

1890-574: Is Kevin Mack. Albury has a longstanding connection to conservative politics. Following the first convention in Canberra to form the Liberal Party of Australia , delegates, including Sir Robert Menzies , met for a second conference in Albury at Mate's Department Store between 14 and 16 December 1944. The delegates agreed on the structure of the party organisation, adopted a provisional constitution and appointed

1995-400: Is a mix of residential and industrial areas, with the floodplains south of the railway line and freeway still used for farming and grazing. Flood mitigation works in the 1990s have dramatically reduced the risk of flooding in this area. North Albury was covered by orchards and vineyards in the first half of the 20th century, and a swamp existed where James Fallon High School now stands. After

2100-538: Is a more sheltered site than the reservoir, generally attaining greater maximum temperatures but also lower minima. Rainfall is lower across the board. Albury is the largest city in the Federal electorate of Farrer , whose current representative is Sussan Ley of the Liberal Party . The previous Federal MP was Tim Fischer , who was leader of the National Party and Deputy Prime Minister of Australia . In State politics,

2205-925: Is accessible by the Cobb Highway , the Mid Western Highway and the Sturt Highway . Coach services are offered to Cootamundra from which train services are offered to Sydney or Melbourne , and also to Mildura . The Hay Bridge carries the Cobb Highway across the Murrumbidgee River in the town of Hay. Hay is one of Australia's leading wool growing and sheep meat producing areas, with the area home to around 26 parent studs. Cattle are also produced for sale for slaughter and, in recent years, for sale to feedlots for fattening. In irrigated areas, crops such as lettuce, pumpkins, tomatoes, garlic, corn, rockmelons , watermelons and broccoli are grown, picked and packaged in

SECTION 20

#1732858576879

2310-561: Is by private car, however traffic is generally moderate. The opening of the Hume Freeway bypass on 4 March 2007, has greatly eased previous traffic congestion on the Lincoln Causeway, allowing vastly better flow between Albury and Wodonga. Hay, New South Wales Hay is a town in the western Riverina region of south western New South Wales , Australia. It is the administrative centre of Hay Shire local government area and

2415-521: Is difficult to over-state; many became an integral and celebrated part of the nation's cultural and intellectual life. The 'Dunera Boys' are still fondly remembered in Hay. Every year the town holds a 'Dunera Day' in which many surviving internees return to the site of their former imprisonment. In November 1940 the other compound at Hay, Camp 6 (near the Hay Hospital), was occupied by Italian civilian internees. Camps 7 and 8 were vacated in May 1941 when

2520-592: Is no Albury in Kent. More plausible is Albury in adjacent Surrey, straddling the Tillingbourne river and a significant 18th century site of mills and industry. By 1847 the Albury settlement included two public houses and a handful of huts, a police barracks and a blacksmiths. A log punt established in 1844 serviced the crossing of the Murray River . Albury Post Office opened on 1 April 1843, closed in 1845, then reopened in

2625-690: Is now known as the Murray River at Albury, on 16 November 1824. They named the river the Hume River , after Hume's father, and the next day inscribed a tree by the river bank before continuing their journey south to Westernport in Victoria. In 1830, explorer Captain Charles Sturt discovered the Hume River downstream at its junction with the Murrumbidgee River . Not realising it was the same river, he named it

2730-593: Is now the Riverina Highway, then turned north through Thurgoona via today’s Table Top Rd then Old Sydney Road, then crossed Bowna Creek to follow Plunkett Rd to Bowna. The deviation, opened in 1933, follows the first 9 km of the Wagga Road, then crossed the railway and ran to Bells Road before turning east then southeast to Bowna. Most of this route, although now duplicated, remains as part of the Hume Highway, other than

2835-423: Is situated on the north bank of the river. Aboriginal communities in the western Riverina were traditionally concentrated in the more habitable river corridors and amongst the reedbeds of the region.  The district surrounding Hay was occupied by at least three separate Aboriginal groups at the time of European settler expansion onto their lands.  The area around the present township appears to have been

2940-511: Is the largest suburb of Albury, and the only suburb which has its own postcode (2641, as opposed to 2640 for the balance of Albury). The suburb was originally named Black Range in the 1850s and 1860s, before being renamed Lavington in 1910. Originally within the boundaries of Hume Shire, it was absorbed into the City of Albury Local Government Area in the 1950s. Housing and commercial development has continued from that point until this day. Prior to 2007,

3045-598: The Albury Library Museum , Murray Art Museum Albury (MAMA), Albury Entertainment Centre and Convention Centre, and the Murray Conservatorium. In the same block are the Post Office, Police Station and Courthouse, and St Matthew's Anglican Church (which was rebuilt after being destroyed by fire in 1990). The Albury City Council offices are located on Kiewa Street. Forrest Hill lies directly north west and covers

3150-725: The Dunera internees left Hay; some were sent to Orange (NSW), others to Tatura in Victoria, and others to join the Pioneer Corps of the Australian Army. Upon their departure Italian prisoners-of-war were placed in Camps 7 and 8. In December 1941 Japanese internees (some from Broome and islands north of Australia) were conveyed to Hay and placed in Camp 6. In April 1942 the River Farm began operating on

3255-790: The Electoral district of Albury is currently represented by Justin Clancy , also of the Liberal Party. The member for Albury between 1932 and 1946, Alexander Mair , was the Premier of New South Wales from 1939 to 1941. Local government is the responsibility of the Albury City Council , whose area of responsibility has gradually been enlarged to cover new housing estates on the city's fringes. Amanda Duncan-Strelec became Albury's first female Mayor in 1995, serving for one year. The current mayor of Albury

George Dean - Misplaced Pages Continue

3360-603: The First World War 641 men enlisted for service from Hay and the surrounding district, one of the highest per capita enlistment rates in Australia.  Of the men who enlisted one-in-six died during the war, with devastating effect on the close-knit communities of the Hay district. In 1919 a proposal was adopted to build a High School at Hay as a memorial to those who died in the Great War.  The Hay War Memorial High School

3465-603: The Golden Rivers Football League which consists of small towns in northern Victoria and the western Riverina. The Hay Jockey Club runs a popular annual race meeting in November, promoted as "the biggest day in the year". Whilst the meeting is professional and supported by the TAB , it retains a "picnic races" atmosphere. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) provides a range of television and radio stations to

3570-747: The HMT Dunera . They arrived at Hay on 7 September 1940 in four trains from Sydney and were interned in Camps 7 and 8 (located near the Hay showground ) under the guard of the 16th Garrison Battalion of the Australian Army . Later known as the 'Dunera Boys', the internment at Hay of this assemblage of refugees from Nazi oppression in Europe was an important milestone in Australia's cultural history. 800 of those interned at Hay eventually chose to remain in Australia. The influence of this group of men on subsequent cultural, scientific and business developments in Australia

3675-524: The Hume Highway – passed north-east through the suburb, with Urana Road passing north-west through the suburb from the "Five Ways" road junction. In 2007, an internal bypass of the Hume Freeway was opened, with the former name of the Hume Highway section officially reverting to the commonly used "Wagga Road". The suburb of Lavington also includes the localities of Springdale Heights, Hamilton Valley and Norris Park. Albury's lawn cemetery and crematorium lies at

3780-520: The Victorian capital Melbourne. Said to be named after a village in England, United Kingdom , Albury developed as a major transport link between New South Wales and Victoria and was proclaimed a city in 1946. The Wiradjuri (Wiradjuri northern dialect pronunciation [wiraːjd̪uːraj]) or Wirraayjuurray people (Wiradjuri southern dialect pronunciation [wiraːjɟuːraj]) people were the first known humans to occupy

3885-416: The "Uiver" was guided in to land safely. The makeshift runway at the racecourse was illuminated by the headlights of cars belonging to local residents who had responded to a special news bulletin on ABC radio station 2CO. After refuelling the next day, many local volunteers helped pull the stranded aircraft out of the mud and the aircraft was able to take off and continue to Melbourne where it won first prize in

3990-533: The 1871 census of the Colony of New South Wales there were 664 people living at Hay township: 388 males and 276 females.  The proportion of those in the Hay community aged less than 16 years had increased from 28% in 1861 to 38% in 1871. In November 1871 a petition was prepared by the residents of Hay requesting that the township be granted municipal status.  Elections for aldermen were held in August 1872.  At

4095-730: The 2009 Yellow Creek deviation. The other minor highways which connect to Albury are the Riverina Highway , which runs west through Berrigan to Deniliquin and east to Lake Hume ; and the Olympic Highway which diverges north from the Hume 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) north of Albury, and runs across the South Western Slopes via Wagga Wagga , Cootamundra and Young to terminate at the Mid-Western Highway at Cowra . In 1888,

4200-688: The 90 males aged 16 years or more, only 38% were married or widowed; of the 34 females in this category, 76% were married or widowed. The census also enumerated the buildings at the new township: 4 brick structures; 17 of "weatherboard, slab or inferior"; and, 14 tents. In April 1861 two new hotel licences were granted at Hay: the Caledonian Hotel (Thomas E. Blewett and George Dorward) and the Argyle Hotel (Thomas Simpson).  The two hotels were located side by side in Lachlan Street.  During 1862

4305-565: The Argyle closed its doors, and was offered for sale.  In September 1865 George Maiden briefly re-opened it as the Royal Mail Hotel.  In February 1866, Christopher Ledwidge, landlord of the Caledonian Hotel since 1864, purchased the Royal Mail and incorporated the two into one hotel. The Caledonian Hotel was badly damaged by fire in 2006 and demolished the following year. According to

George Dean - Misplaced Pages Continue

4410-519: The Colonial Secretary of New South Wales, Henry Parkes .  The old bridge was eventually replaced by a new one, opened in June 1973. The old Hay Bridge was subsequently demolished. The turntable, last used in 1946, was placed in the river-bend just north of where the bridge had been. As it developed Hay became an essential hub of the surrounding district. Pastoral runs surrounding the township were

4515-510: The February low of 42.1 mm (1.66 in). Albury has quite a high evaporation rate in summer, giving the environment a relatively arid appearance. The city enjoys a high amount of sunshine, getting around 108 days of clear skies annually (with the majority in summer and early autumn). The sunniest month is January, with 14.6 clear days (and 7.7 cloudy days), and the cloudiest month is July, with 17.5 cloudy days (and 3.9 clear days). The airport

4620-468: The Hay camps were dismantled, and building materials and fittings sold off, by June the following year. Hay has a number of heritage-listed sites, including: The Riverine Plain is an alluvial plain consisting of sediments of silt, clay and fine sand deposited by the extensive ancestral streams of the early Quaternary period (overlying more ancient granite rocks and sediments).  The snow-fed Murrumbidgee River flows westwards across this plain; to

4725-545: The Hay district in 2002 estimated at 75,375 tonnes. A rice receival depot on the outskirts of town is capable of drying up to 32,000 tonnes of rice before delivery to the mill at Deniliquin . Hay, like many places in the Riverina, supports and competes in a wide variety of sport, including all major football codes. The Hay Magpies are a Rugby league team playing in Group 20, a competition consisting of teams from towns situated in

4830-447: The Hay district including ABC TV , digital television channels, ABC1 , ABC2 , ABC3 , ABC News 24 , national radio stations, ABC Riverina , ABC Radio National . Regional broadcasters, Prime7 , WIN Television and Network 10 are the commercial television stations available in Hay. Network 10 is available from the digital signals only. The Riverine Grazier is the local weekly newspaper, first published in 1873. The newspaper has

4935-464: The House. Although Meagher, who had meanwhile been elected as the member for Sydney-Phillip , vigorously denied the conversation in the House, Smith admitted giving Dean arsenic. As a result, Dean, Meagher, Crick, Meagher's assistant, Daniel Green, and a witness, Jane Reynolds, were charged with conspiring to pervert the course of justice. Dean was also charged with perjury and later signed a full confession to

5040-491: The Murray River. Both names persisted for some time, Hume falling into disuse eventually in favour of Murray. The Aboriginal name for the river was Millewa . A crossing place for the Murray became popular close to where Hovell inscribed the tree. In summer it was usually possible to cross the river by foot. Among the first squatters to follow in the steps of the explorers and settle in the district were William Wyse and Charles Ebden . The first European buildings erected at

5145-445: The NSW railway to Hay signalled a decline in the importance of the transportation of wool by river-steamer and a shift in the local economic focus from Melbourne to Sydney. The railway to Sydney operated with a differential price structure, ensuring that rail became a desirable mode of transporting wool for many of the Riverina stations. In 1883 the extensive Anglican diocese of Goulburn

5250-412: The Seat of Government of the Commonwealth report of 1903 recommended Albury (along with Tumut ) as the preferred candidate for the national capital , though the proposal met staunch opposition from residents. At a public meeting, just one member of parliament voted in favour of Albury – Isaac Isaacs , member for Indi . The lack of support for other places ultimately led to the selection of Canberra as

5355-447: The Smollett Street wrought iron arch bridge was constructed over Bungambrawatha Creek. Smollet Street was extended westward through the botanical gardens to give direct access from Albury railway station to Howlong Road by a straight street. The bridge is near the botanic gardens and the local swimming pool. The bridge is a rare example of a metal arch bridge in New South Wales, and is the oldest of only two such bridges in New South Wales,

SECTION 50

#1732858576879

5460-559: The South Western Riverina area. In the history of Group 17, the Hay Magpies won 12 premierships, more than any other team in the group. The Magpies moved into Group 20 in 2007, after the collapse of group 17. Hay being the only town from the former competition to survive. The local Rugby Union team is the Hay Cutters playing in the Southern Inland Rugby Union against teams from as far away as Tumut and Albury . The Hay Lions are an Australian Rules Football club and were inaugurated on Friday, 19 May 1876. They are currently competing in

5565-432: The World War II, housing development in the area increased and Waugh Road was extended from David Street to the "Five Ways" intersection at Union Road, which ascribes the border between North Albury and Lavington . The locality of Glenroy is adjacent to North Albury, west of the Bungambrawartha Creek, and housing was developed here in the 1970s, including a significant Housing Commission public housing estate. Lavington

5670-599: The area, and are a group of Indigenous Australian Aboriginal people that were united by a common language, strong ties of kinship and survived as skilled hunter–fisher–gatherers in family groups or clans scattered throughout central New South Wales. In the 21st century, major Wiradjuri groups live in Condobolin , Peak Hill , Narrandera and Griffith . There are significant populations at Wagga Wagga and Leeton and smaller groups at West Wyalong, Parkes, Dubbo, Forbes, Cootamundra, Cowra and Young. The explorers Hume and Hovell arrived at what their maps called 'Crossing Point', but

5775-441: The area. Hay is also the leading producer in the Riverina of safflower , lettuce and broccoli. In recent years, rice and cotton have been produced in Hay, so much so that the Hay Plain has colloquially become known as the Hay Paddy . While colder growing seasons have hindered the development of the cotton industry, rice production has expanded from over 400 hectares in 1991-92 to over 7,000 hectares in 1997–98, with production for

5880-466: The broad gauge and reloaded onto a standard gauge railway wagon on the opposite side of the platform. In his book Tramps Abroad , writer Mark Twain in 1895 wrote of the break of gauge at Albury and changing trains: ""Now comes a singular thing, the oddest thing, the strangest thing, the most unaccountable marvel that Australia can show. At the frontier between NSW and Victoria our multitude of passengers were routed out of their snug beds by lantern light in

5985-499: The broad gauge track to a second standard gauge track, between Seymour and Albury, was substantially completed in 2011. The railway station and its associated yards are listed on both the Australian National Heritage List and the New South Wales State Heritage Register . Albury Airport , owned and operated by the City of Albury , is the second busiest regional airport in New South Wales with around 280,000 passenger movements per year. The airport, 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) east of

6090-612: The broad-scale agriculture of recent decades, particularly in areas along the river and proximate to irrigation canals.  The plains surrounding Hay feature a complex system of shallow creek beds and dry lakes , interspersed by wind-created sand-ridges where Cypress-pine ( Callitris sp.) is often found growing. Hay has a cold semi-arid climate ( BSk ) with long, hot, very sunny summers and cool, partly cloudy winters. Rainfall and mean temperature records have been kept for Hay since 1877; however, extreme temperature records only from 1957 onwards. Temperature extremes are quite marked over

6195-431: The centre of a prosperous and productive agricultural district on the wide Hay Plains. Located approximately midway between Sydney and Adelaide at the junction of the Sturt , Cobb and Mid-Western Highways , Hay is an important regional and national transport node. The town itself is built beside the Murrumbidgee River , part of the Murray–Darling river system; Australia's largest. The main business district of Hay

6300-478: The charge, which he subsequently withdrew. Dean was found guilty of two charges of perjury and sentenced to 14 years imprisonment. Meagher and Dean were found guilty of conspiracy, but these convictions were quashed on appeal. Dean was released from Goulburn Gaol in December 1904 with remissions for good behaviour and returned to his job as ferry boat captain. He returned to the Riverina in 1913 and died of endocarditis in Hay , survived by his daughter. The story

6405-471: The city centre, has scheduled daily flights to Sydney , Melbourne and Brisbane through commercial carriers. The road leading from Albury Airport to the city was renamed Borella Road in 1979, in honour of Victoria Cross recipient Albert Chalmers Borella , who was buried at Albury. Local public transport is provided exclusively by private bus operators, Martin's Albury and Dysons who run day time bus services. The overwhelming majority of local transport

SECTION 60

#1732858576879

6510-431: The council area which also bears the city's name – the City of Albury . It is on the Victoria–New South Wales border. Albury has an urban population of 53,677 and is separated from its twin city in Victoria, Wodonga , by the Murray River. Together, the two cities form an urban area with a population of 97,793 in 2021. It is 554 kilometres (344 mi) from the state capital Sydney and 326 kilometres (203 mi) from

6615-420: The crossing place were a provisions store and some small huts. A survey for a town was commissioned in 1838 by Assistant Surveyor Thomas Townsend who mapped out Wodonga Place (the present Wodonga Place) as the western boundary, Hume Street as the northern boundary, Kiewa Street to the east and Nurigong Street to the south, with Townsend Street being the only other north–south road, and Ebden and Hovell Streets being

6720-399: The difference in gauges and speed up traffic, a bogie exchange device lifted freight wagons and carriages allowing workers to refit rolling stock with different gauged wheel-sets. The break of railway gauge at Albury was a major impediment to Australia's war effort and infrastructure during both World Wars, as every soldier, every item of equipment, and all supplies had to be off-loaded from

6825-469: The eastern edge of the town, enabling market-gardening and other farm activities to be carried out by the Italian internees and POWs. In August 1944, in the wake of the Cowra POW break-out on 5 August 1944, 600 Japanese POWs were transferred to Hay and placed in the two high-security compounds 7 and 8. On 1 March 1946 the last of the Japanese POWs left Hay. During 1946 the Italians who remained there were progressively released or transferred to other camps, and

6930-425: The evidence was compatible with self-administration by Mrs Dean, presumably to incriminate Dean, while Rogers dissented strongly. As a result, the Government released Dean on a free pardon at the end of June and he was put in charge of a bigger ferry, the Wallaby . On 18 July, Meagher boasted to Julian Salomons that after Dean's sentencing he had pretended to Dean that the police had found out where he had purchased

7035-433: The first National School opened on the corner of Dean and Kiewa Streets, with 73 students enrolled. In 1862 a new school was built in Olive Street on land which is now part of Albury Public School. The city's first mayor, James Fallon, was an innovator of the Public School , funding a demonstration High School to be built on Kiewa Streets. Albury High School opened in Kiewa Street in 1927. The Royal Commission on Sites for

7140-423: The first municipal meeting the local businessman, Frank Johns, was elected mayor. The first bridge over the Murrumbidgee River at Hay was built in 1872 at a cost of £20,000. The structure included a turntable which enabled the middle-section to be swung open to allow the passage of steamers.  The opening of the Hay Bridge was delayed while the approaches were formed. It was finally opened on 31 August 1874 by

7245-413: The flat land directly north of it is covered by parkland, housing and light industry, and a retail park including Harvey Norman and Spotlight franchises, as well as the city airport . The Mungabareena Reserve lies on the Murray south of the airport, and is considered an Aboriginal cultural site of some significance. Mungabareena means "place of plenty talk" in the Wiradjuri language. South Albury

7350-459: The full year: summers are regularly over 40 °C (104 °F) while winters can see daytime temperatures below 10 °C (50 °F). The highest temperature recorded at Hay was 47.7 °C (117.9 °F) on 5 January 2013 ; the lowest recorded was −3.8 °C (25.2 °F) on 3 August 2014. The average annual rainfall is 368.3 millimetres (14.50 in). On the whole it is considerably sunny with 143.6 clear days annually. On 24 July 1936

7455-428: The last significant snowfall in July 1966. The highest temperature recorded at Albury was 46.1 °C on 4 January 2020, and the lowest temperature was −4.0 °C recorded on 8 August 1994 (both at the Airport AWS station). Albury's mean annual rainfall is 699.1 millimetres (27.52 in). Rainfall peaks distinctly in the winter months with a high mean of 75.9 mm (2.99 in) in July and August, comparing with

7560-510: The line to the Victorian network in 1883. New South Wales and Victoria had different track gauges until 1962, when the first train ran direct from Sydney to Melbourne. The two states could not initially agree which should be the transfer point so they had an expensive and attractive iron lattice bridge sent from Scotland which accommodated both gauges. There was a school operating at Albury in 1848, catering for 13 private students. The following year

7665-525: The local building firm, Witcombe Brothers, constructed a new gaol at Hay, to replace the old Lock-up in Lachlan Street (at the site of the current Post Office).  The new Hay Gaol was opened in December 1880. During 1881–82 the railway line was extended from Narrandera to Hay and a new railway station constructed at Hay. The new line, connecting Hay directly to Sydney, was opened in July 1882. The extension of

7770-554: The longest in Australia. The broad gauge section of track between Seymour and Albury has now been converted to standard gauge; there is no longer a break-of-gauge at Albury station. The station is served by a three daily V/Line train services from Melbourne (terminating at Albury) and the NSW TrainLink Melbourne-Sydney XPT service, which runs twice daily in each direction. In 1873, the 5-foot-3-inch (1.60 m) broad gauge railway line from Melbourne reached

7875-425: The main employers of labour; with its stores and hotels, hospital, post-office, banks, court-house and police-station, Hay became an important focus for rural workers and resident squatters alike. Carriers, contractors, wool-buyers and dealers in stock established themselves at Hay and the township became a busy port for the steamers plying the inland rivers. Stores for the township and district stations were unloaded at

7980-460: The mid-1850s pastoral runs in the western Riverina were well-established and prosperous. The nearby Victorian gold-rushes provided an expanding market for stock. The prime fattening country of the Riverina became a sort of holding centre, from where the Victorian market could be supplied as required. One of the popular routes established in the mid-1850s crossed the Murrumbidgee River at Lang's Crossing-place. The locality where Hay township developed

8085-411: The morning in the biting cold to change cars. Think of the paralysis of intellect that gave that idea birth, imagine the boulder it emerged from, on some petrified legislator's shoulders." During World War II military armouries and warehouses were established in the vicinity of Albury at Bonegilla, Wirlinga and Bandiana. Similar stores were also established at Tocumwal and Oaklands . The conversion of

8190-459: The new diocese – was completed by the end of 1885. In 1889 a residence was completed for Bishop Linton at South Hay; the design and materials used in constructing the corrugated-iron clad ‘Bishop’s Lodge’ was an attempt to cope with Hay's climatic extremes.  Hay remained the seat of the Anglican Diocese of Riverina until 1953 when it was transferred to Narrandera, New South Wales. During

8295-744: The north its major tributary , the Lachlan , flows in a long arc until the two rivers join in a maze of reed-bed swamps and channels between Hay and Balranald .  South of the Murrumbidgee the Billabong Creek is fed by a variety of streams, and eventually flows into the Edward River (an anabranch of the Murray River ).  Plant communities along the river corridors near Hay typically consist of forests dominated by River Red Gum ( Eucalyptus camaldulensis ), with Black Box trees ( E. largiflorens ) on

8400-521: The other being the Sydney Harbour Bridge . Albury railway station is on the main Sydney-Melbourne railway line. Originally, New South Wales and Victoria had different track gauges , which meant that all travellers in either direction had to change trains at Albury. To accommodate this, a very long railway platform was needed; the 450-metre (1,480 ft) long covered platform is one of

8505-459: The outer margins and in low-lying areas further from the river. Away from the river Hay is surrounded by flat, mostly-treeless plains, predominately of grey clay and red earth soils.  Saltbush shrublands ( Atriplex sp.), with an understorey of grasses and forbs , was the dominant plant community at the time of European settlement.  However severe depletion of the saltbush has occurred after years of overstocking, damage by rabbits and

8610-573: The poison and Dean had admitted his guilt and named the chemist, R. J. Smith. Although Dean's confession to his lawyer was a matter of solicitor-client privilege , Salomons found himself compelled to pass on this information to the Attorney General, Jack Want . Rumours of Dean's confession began to circulate. In September, Want was questioned on it, but he declined to comment. On 24 September, Dean petitioned Parliament to clear his name and next day Want read Salomons' account of Meagher's conversation to

8715-535: The population are 55 years of age or older (compared to 29.1% in Australia as a whole). The most common responses for religion were Catholic 27.6%, No Religion 24.3%, Anglican 21.7% and Not stated 12.3%. Hay's railway station is the terminus of the Hay branch off the Main South Line via Yanco . However, this station is currently closed. The last passenger train ran in 1983 after 101 years of service. The goods service

8820-524: The preferred site. In 1934, a Douglas DC-2 airliner of KLM (the "Uiver"), a competitor in the MacRobertson Trophy Air Race (also known as the London to Melbourne Air Race), made an emergency night landing at the town's racecourse after becoming lost during severe thunderstorms. After signalling by Morse code A-L-B-U-R-Y to the lost aircrew by using the entire town's public lighting system,

8925-692: The race's handicap category and was second overall. Albury and Wodonga played a military role in World War II with the establishment of ordnance bases at Bandiana and Bonegilla . Proclaimed a city in 1946, Albury played a role in the post-war immigration to Australia with the establishment nearby of Australia's first migrant centre, the Bonegilla Migrant Reception and Training Centre in 1947. Albury's proximity to Wodonga has spurred several efforts to achieve some kind of municipal governmental union (see Albury-Wodonga ). In 1973, Albury-Wodonga

9030-480: The river.  In August 1858 steamers owned by rival owners, Francis Cadell and William Randell, successfully travelled up the Murrumbidgee as far as Lang's Crossing-place (with Cadell's steamer Albury continuing up-river to Gundagai ). Henry Jeffries, the leaseholder of "Illilawa" station (which included Lang's Crossing-place at its western extremity), was vehemently opposed to Henry Leonard's operations; threats against his punt caused Leonard to stand guard with

9135-587: The saddle between Monument Hill and Nail Can Hill. West over the ridge lies West Albury . West Albury is primarily a residential area, but it is home to the First World War Memorial (locally known as the Monument), Riverwood Retirement Village, Albury Wodonga Private Hospital (which lies on the corner of Pemberton Street and the Riverina Highway), and the Albury sewage treatment plant. All of West Albury

9240-546: The same month successful land-sales were held at Hay. 'Lang’s Crossing Place' Post Office opened on 16 April 1859 and was renamed "Hay" to match the township name in 1861. In early 1860 a brick court-house and lock-up was built at Hay (at the site of the present post office). The census taken in April 1861 revealed that there were 172 people living at Hay township, consisting of 115 males (of whom 25 were aged 15 years or under) and 57 females (of whom 23 were aged 15 years or under). Of

9345-455: The sea at Lake Alexandrina (before returning by the same route). During the late-1830s stock was regularly overlanded to South Australia via the Lower Murrumbidgee.  At the same time stockholders were edging westward along and the Lachlan, Murrumbidgee, Billabong and Murray systems.  By 1839 all of the river frontages in the vicinity of present-day Hay were occupied by squatters . By

9450-507: The spring flood peak, has led to the drying out and loss of many billabongs and has harmed the populations of native fish of the Murray River such as the iconic Murray Cod . Several threatened species can be found in Albury, including the Sloane's froglet , Regent Honeyeater , and Squirrel Glider (Petaurus norfolcensis). Situated on the Hume Highway , Albury is a major transit point for interstate commerce. In March 2007, Albury city centre

9555-422: The state grid. When full, the lake covers 80 square kilometres (31 sq mi). The lake was created for irrigation purposes and has caused significant changes to the flow patterns and ecology of the Murray River. Before the construction of the Hume Weir, flows in normal (non-drought) years were low in summer and autumn (though still significant overall), rising in winter due to seasonal rainfall and reaching

9660-527: The township of Belvoir/Wodonga. In 1881, the New South Wales 4-foot-8.5-inch (1.435 m) standard gauge railway line reached Albury, with a railway bridge joining the two colonies in 1883. Albury became the stop over, where passengers on the Melbourne-Sydney journey changed trains until 1962, when a standard gauge track was opened between the two capitals. After World War II, in an attempt to overcome

9765-402: The township on 1 February 1847. In 1851, with the separation of Victoria from New South Wales, and the border falling on the Murray River, Albury found itself a frontier town. With an increase in commerce with Melbourne, the first bridge was built in 1860 to the design of surveyor William Snell Chauncy . Albury at this time became a customs post between the two colonies as New South Wales held

9870-582: The two other east–west roads. Townsend proposed the settlement be named 'Bungambrawatha ', the Aboriginal name for the area, but when his plan was eventually approved and published in the Government Gazette on 13 April 1839 the name had been changed to Albury. Albury is said to be named after a village in Kent , England which it apparently resembled, though that referenced publication seems incorrect since there

9975-399: The unsatisfactory nature of some of the evidence, especially a lack of evidence for Dean buying or possessing the poisons, but under strong pressure from Justice Windeyer to come to a verdict, the jury found Dean guilty and the judge sentenced him to death. Nevertheless, public opinion quickly turned against the verdict, particularly noting the behaviour of Windeyer, who was already known as

10080-628: The western end of Union Road. Thurgoona , to the east of Lavington, was established as a new residential suburb by the Albury Wodonga Development Corporation in the 1970s. In the 1990s a new campus of Charles Sturt University was established here, as was an office of the Murray Darling Freshwater Research Centre. A major golf club (Thurgoona Country Club Resort) is also situated in this suburb. Further outlying localities include Splitters Creek –

10185-419: The wharves at Hay, and the steamers and barges loaded with wool-bales for the return trip (usually to Echuca , which by 1864 had been connected by rail to Melbourne ). The writer Joseph Furphy lived at Hay in the 1870s while working as a carrier in charge of a team of bullocks.  Furphy later used the area surrounding Hay as the setting for his novel Such is Life (published in 1903). During 1879–80

10290-540: Was bypassed by a new section of the Hume Freeway . The city centre bypass includes the new Spirit of Progress Bridge over the Murray River, and cost $ 518 million, the most expensive road project built in rural Australia at that time. Creation of the lake resulting from construction of the Hume Dam from 1915 onward necessitated a 30 km deviation of the Hume Highway. The Highway originally ran east out of Albury, along what

10395-571: Was closed in November 1984. The heritage listed Hay Railway Station c1882 was restored in 2005 at a cost of $ 1m. It features on an Australian stamp. The Dunera Museum at Hay Railway Station is housed in air conditioned carriages and has been visited by over 31,000 persons between 2002 and 2014. The Hay Internment and POW Camps Interpretive Centre housed there tells the stories of over 6,600 German, Italian, Japanese and Australian civilian Internees and Italian and Japanese POW's imprisoned there between 1940 and 1946 in three camps 6,7,8 of 1,000 men each. Hay

10500-443: Was divided, with the western half designated as the major portion of the newly created Diocese of Riverina . Hay was chosen as the episcopal seat of the new diocese and Bishop Sydney Linton was consecrated on 1 May 1884 at St Paul's Cathedral , London . Linton and his family travelled to Sydney and then on to Hay, where the bishop was enthroned on 18 March 1885 in the old St Paul's church.  The new St. Paul's – pro-cathedral of

10605-570: Was filmed by the ABC in 1981 as the TV movie The Dean Case . Albury Albury ( / ˈ ɔː l b ər i / ; Wiradjuri : Bungambrawatha ) is a major regional city that is located in the Murray region of New South Wales , Australia. It is part of the twin city of Albury-Wodonga and is located on the Hume Highway and the northern side of the Murray River . Albury is the seat of local government for

10710-584: Was once wetland and bush. The only remnant of this is Horseshoe Lagoon to the south-west of the suburb, which has been declared a Wildlife Refuge by NSW Parks & Wildlife and incorporated into the Wonga Wetlands. To the north-west of West Albury is Pemberton Park . East Albury lies east of the railway line/freeway from the CBD and houses now cover the eastern hill alongside the Albury Base Hospital, while

10815-587: Was opened on Anzac Day , 1923, with Mr. L. E. Penman as the first headmaster. During World War II Hay was the location of internment and prisoner of war camps, due in no small measure to its isolated location. Three high-security camps were constructed there in 1940. The first arrivals were over two thousand refugees from Nazi Germany and Austria , many of them Jewish , aged between 16 and 60. They had been rounded up in Britain when fears of invasion were at their peak, and were then transported to Australia aboard

10920-533: Was originally known by Europeans as Lang's Crossing-place (named after three brothers named Lang who were leaseholders of runs on the southern side of the river).  It was the crossing on the Murrumbidgee River of a well-travelled stock-route (known as "the Great North Road") leading to the markets of Victoria .  In 1856-7 Captain Francis Cadell , pioneer of steam-navigation on the Murray River, placed

11025-478: Was selected as the primary focus of the Whitlam federal government's scheme to redirect the uncontrolled growth of Australia's large coastal cities (Sydney and Melbourne in particular) by encouraging decentralisation. Grand plans were made to turn Albury-Wodonga into a major inland city and large areas of the surrounding farmland were compulsorily purchased by the government. Some industries were enticed to move there, and

#878121