56-443: GeoCities , later Yahoo! GeoCities , was a web hosting service that allowed users to create and publish websites for free and to browse user-created websites by their theme or interest, active from 1994 to 2009. GeoCities was started in November 1994 by David Bohnett and John Rezner, and was named Beverly Hills Internet briefly before being renamed GeoCities. On January 28, 1999, it
112-410: A watermark to user Web pages. The watermark, much like an onscreen graphic on some television channels, was a transparent floating GIF image that used JavaScript to stay displayed on the bottom right corner of the browser screen. Many users felt the watermark interfered with the design of their Web site and threatened to relocate their Web pages elsewhere. The implementation of the watermark preceded
168-447: A web content management system , so the end-user does not have to worry about the more technical aspects. Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is used for websites that wish to encrypt the transmitted data. Internet hosting services can run web servers . The scope of web hosting services varies greatly. Some specific types of hosting provided by web host service providers: The host may also provide an interface or control panel for managing
224-400: A 24% decrease from March 2008. In 2017, indie developer Jay Tholen created the game Hypnospace Outlaw , which was heavily influenced by GeoCities. In February 2022, NeoCities Neighborhoods , a remake of GeoCities, was created, featuring the same interface that the original 1996 version had. During 1999, a complaint was instituted against GeoCities stating that the corporation violated
280-650: A commercial website. It included the GeoStore, which sold GeoCities-branded merchandise. Users cashed in GeoPoints in the store. The domain geocities.com attracted at least 177 million visitors annually by 2008, according to a Compete.com study. ComScore stated that the GeoCities had 18.9 million unique visitors from the U.S. during March 2006. During March 2008, GeoCities had 15.1 million unique U.S. visitors; however, during March 2009, GeoCities had 11.5 million unique visitors,
336-416: A consent order was entered into, prohibiting GeoCities from misrepresenting the purpose for which it collects and/or uses personal identifying information from consumers. A copy of the complaint and order can be found at 127 F.T.C. 94 (page 94). GeoCities provided free home pages and e-mail address to children and adults who provided personally identifying and demographic information when they registered for
392-569: A prospective customer and can be a major factor when considering which provider a customer may choose. Web hosting servers can be attacked by malicious users in different ways, including uploading malware or malicious code onto a hosted website . These attacks may be done for different reasons, including stealing credit card data, launching a Distributed Denial of Service Attack (DDoS) or spamming . Nasdaq The Nasdaq Stock Market ( / ˈ n æ z d æ k / ; National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations)
448-471: A small Web hosting and development company in southern California. The company created its own Web directory , organized thematically as six so-called "neighborhoods". The neighborhoods included "Colosseum", "Hollywood", "RodeoDrive", "SunsetStrip", "WallStreet", and "WestHollywood". In mid-1995, the company decided to offer users (thereafter known as "Homesteaders") the ability to develop free home pages within those neighborhoods, with 2 MB of space provided at
504-460: Is web page and small-scale file hosting, where files can be uploaded via File Transfer Protocol (FTP) or a web interface. The files are usually delivered to the Web "as is" or with minimal processing. Many Internet service providers (ISPs) offer this service free to subscribers. Individuals and organizations may also obtain web page hosting from alternative service providers. Free web hosting service
560-765: Is an American stock exchange based in New York City . It is the most active stock trading venue in the U.S. by volume, and ranked second on the list of stock exchanges by market capitalization of shares traded, behind the New York Stock Exchange . The exchange platform is owned by Nasdaq, Inc. , which also owns the Nasdaq Nordic stock market network and several U.S.-based stock and options exchanges . Although it trades stock of healthcare, financial, media, entertainment, retail, hospitality, and food businesses, it focuses more on technology stocks . The exchange
616-621: Is made up of both American and foreign firms, with China and Israel being the largest foreign sources. "Nasdaq" was initially an acronym for the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations. It was founded in 1971 by the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD), now known as the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority . On February 8, 1971, the Nasdaq stock market began operations as
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#1732847703017672-499: Is offered by different companies with limited services, sometimes supported by advertisements, and often limited when compared to paid hosting. Single page hosting is generally sufficient for personal web pages . Personal website hosting is typically free, advertisement-sponsored, or inexpensive. Business website hosting often has a higher expense depending upon the size and type of the site. Many large companies that are not Internet service providers need to be permanently connected to
728-531: The London Stock Exchange to form the first intercontinental linkage of capital markets . In 1996, the SEC issued a report alleging that Nasdaq market makers fixed prices by avoiding "odd-eighths" quotes (at the time, stock prices were quoted in increments of an eighth of a dollar) to artificially widen spreads. The report was followed by a new set of rules for how Nasdaq handled orders. In 1998, it became
784-584: The NASDAQ Financial-100 Index, which tracks the largest 100 companies in terms of market capitalization . On March 10, 2000, the NASDAQ Composite stock market index peaked at 5,132.52, but fell to 3,227 by April 17, and, in the following 30 months, fell 78% from its peak. In a series of sales in 2000 and 2001, FINRA sold its stake in the Nasdaq. On July 2, 2002, Nasdaq Inc. became a public company via an initial public offering . In 2006,
840-556: The World Wide Web . Companies providing web hosting services are sometimes called web hosts . Typically, web hosting requires the following: Until 1991, the Internet was restricted to use only "... for research and education in the sciences and engineering ..." and was used for email , telnet , FTP and USENET traffic—but only a tiny number of web pages. The World Wide Web protocols had only just been written and not until
896-400: The web server and installing scripts, as well as other modules and service applications like e-mail. A web server that does not use a control panel for managing the hosting account, is often referred to as a "headless" server. Some hosts specialize in certain software or services (e.g. e-commerce, blogs, etc.). The availability of a website is measured by the percentage of a year in which
952-653: The EMiniCME. Below are the contract specifications for the Nasdaq 100 and derivatives. Nasdaq quotes are available at three levels: The Nasdaq Stock Market sessions, with times in the Eastern Time Zone are: 7:00 a.m. to 9:30 a.m.: extended-hours trading session (premarket) 9:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.: normal trading session 4:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m.: extended-hours trading session (postmarket) The Nasdaq Stock Market averages about 253 trading days per year. The Nasdaq Stock Market has three different market tiers: After
1008-469: The SLA is imperative. Not all providers release uptime statistics. Because web hosting services host websites belonging to their customers, online security is an important concern. When a customer agrees to use a web hosting service, they are relinquishing control of the security of their site to the company that is hosting the site. The level of security that a web hosting service offers is extremely important to
1064-490: The U.S., Yahoo! no longer offered free web page hosting, except in Japan , where the service continued for ten more years. Yahoo! encouraged users to upgrade their accounts to the fee-based Yahoo! Web Hosting service. Rupert Goodwins, the editor of ZDNet , perceived the termination of GeoCities as an end of an era; he described GeoCities as "the first proof that you could have something really popular and still not make any money on
1120-589: The client needing to own the necessary infrastructure required to operate the website. The owners of the websites, also called webmasters , would be able to create a website that would be hosted on the web hosting service's server and published to the web by the web hosting service. As the number of users on the World Wide Web grew, the pressure for companies, both large and small, to have an online presence grew. By 1995, companies such as GeoCities , Angelfire and Tripod were offering free hosting. The most basic
1176-492: The company, which now had a total of 14 neighborhoods, was registering thousands of Homesteaders a day and getting more than six million monthly page views. GeoCities never enforced neighborhood-specific content; for example, a "Hollywood" homesteader could be nothing but a college student's home page. The company decided to emphasize increasing membership and community, and on December 15, 1995, BHI became known as GeoCities after having also been named Geopages. At that time GeoCities
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#17328477030171232-634: The continued price increases when selling market data . In December 2020, NASDAQ announced that it would strip its indexes of four Chinese companies in response to Executive Order 13959 . In September 2024, the European Commission said it had carried out an unannounced inspection at the offices of Nasdaq over potential anti-competitive practices. Nasdaq 100 futures are traded on the CME (Chicago Mercantile Exchange) while its derivatives, E-Mini Nasdaq 100 and Micro E-Mini Nasdaq 100 futures are traded on
1288-675: The data transfer limit for free accounts was said to be limited to 3 GB per month, but was enforced as a limit of about 4.2 MB per hour. The paid accounts were later unified in the Yahoo! Web Hosting service, with higher data transfer limits. During 2001, a rumor began that GeoCities was to be terminated; the chain e-mail making that claim cited an article in The New York Times that stated the opposite. On April 23, 2009, Yahoo! announced that it would be terminating its United States version of GeoCities, and stopped accepting new registrations, though
1344-451: The end of 1993 would there be a graphical web browser for Mac or Windows computers. Even after there was some opening up of Internet access, the situation was confused until 1995. To host a website on the internet , an individual or company would need their own computer or server . As not all companies had the budget or expertise to do this, web hosting services began to offer to host users' websites on their own servers, without
1400-529: The eve of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20). In November 2016, chief operating officer Adena Friedman was promoted to chief executive officer , becoming the first woman to run a major exchange in the U.S. In 2016, Nasdaq earned $ 272 million in listings-related revenues. In October 2018, the SEC ruled that the New York Stock Exchange and Nasdaq did not justify
1456-416: The existing GeoCities accounts remained active. During late June 2009, Yahoo! updated the GeoCities home page to indicate: "GeoCities is closing on October 26, 2009." GeoCities joined a long list of other services discontinued by Yahoo, such as Farechase, LAUNCHcast , My Web, Audio Search, Pets, Photos , Live , Kickstart, Briefcase , Webmessenger, and Yahoo! Teachers . With the termination of GeoCities in
1512-461: The first stock market in the United States to trade online, using the slogan "the stock market for the next hundred years". The Nasdaq Stock Market attracted many companies during the dot-com bubble . Its main index is the NASDAQ Composite , which has been published since its inception. The QQQ exchange-traded fund tracks the large-cap NASDAQ-100 index, which was introduced in 1985 alongside
1568-627: The initial offering to a maximum of more than $ 100. By 1999 GeoCities was the third-most visited site of the World Wide Web, behind AOL and Yahoo! . The headquarters had been relocated to 4499 Glencoe Avenue in Los Angeles, near the Marina del Rey area of Los Angeles County . During January 1999, near the peak of the dot-com bubble , GeoCities was purchased by Yahoo! for $ 3.57 billion in stock, with Yahoo! taking control on May 28. The acquisition proved unpopular; users began to quit en masse in protest at
1624-538: The internet." Vijay Mukhi, an internet and cybersecurity expert quoted in the Business Standard , criticized Yahoo's management of GeoCities; Mukhi described GeoCities as "a lost opportunity for Yahoo!", adding that "they could have made it a Facebook if they wanted." Rich Skrenta , the CEO of Blekko , posted on Twitter an offer to take over GeoCities from Yahoo! in exchange for 50% future revenue share. In response to
1680-461: The monthly Stock Guides (stock guides and procedures) issued by Standard & Poor's Corporation. Over the years, it became more of a stock market by adding trade and volume reporting and automated trading systems. In 1981, Nasdaq traded 37% of the U.S. securities markets' total of 21 billion shares. By 1991, Nasdaq's share had grown to 46%. In 1992, the Nasdaq Stock Market joined with
1736-633: The name of the site. Soon after its acquisition by Yahoo! , this practice was abandoned in favor of using the Yahoo! member names in the URLs. In April 2009, the company announced that it would end the United States GeoCities service on October 26, 2009. There were at least 38 million pages displayed by GeoCities before it was terminated, most user-written. The GeoCities Japan version of the service endured until March 31, 2019. GeoCities began during mid-1995 as BHI, which stood for Beverly Hills Internet,
GeoCities - Misplaced Pages Continue
1792-413: The name of the site. Soon after its acquisition by Yahoo!, this practice was abandoned in favor of using the Yahoo! member names in the URLs. During 1996, GeoCities had 29 "neighborhoods", which had groupings of content created by the "homesteaders" (GeoCities users). By 1999, GeoCities had additional neighborhoods and refocused existing neighborhoods. During 1999, GeoCities included GeoCities Marketplace,
1848-432: The new terms of service specified by Yahoo! for GeoCities. The terms stated that the company owned all rights and content, including media such as pictures. Yahoo! quickly reversed its decision. During July 1999, Yahoo! switched from neighborhood and street addresses Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) for homesteaders to "vanity" URLs through members' registration names to Yahoo! ("www.geocities.com/membername"). This service
1904-633: The original GeoCities URL formerly redirected to Yahoo! Small Business, but now redirect to the Yahoo! main page. Soon after the GeoCities termination announcement, the Internet Archive announced a project to archive GeoCities pages, stating "GeoCities has been an important outlet for personal expression on the Web for almost 15 years." Internet Archive made it their task to ensure the thoroughness and completeness of their archive of GeoCities sites. The former Web site InternetArchaeology.org also archived and showcased artifacts from GeoCities. The operators of
1960-499: The provisions of the Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914 , specifically 15 U.S.C. § 45 , which states in relevant part, "Unfair methods of competition in or affecting commerce, and unfair or deceptive acts or practices in or affecting commerce, are hereby declared unlawful." The FTC found that GeoCities was engaged in deceptive acts and practices in contravention to their stated privacy act. Subsequently,
2016-466: The site Reocities downloaded as much of the content hosted on GeoCities as they could before it ended, in an attempt to create a mirror of GeoCities, albeit an incomplete one. Another site attempting to build an archive of defunct GeoCities sites is GeoCities.ws. There is no formal relationship between GeoCities and geocities.ws, as it is a completely different company. Many sites were duplicated automatically from GeoCities to geocities.ws many months after
2072-492: The site continued to grow. During May 1997, GeoCities introduced advertisements on its pages. Despite negative reaction from users, GeoCities continued to grow compared to rivals. Competition in web hosting came from the likes of Tripod and Angelfire . By June 1997, GeoCities was the fifth most popular website on the Web, and by October of that year the company had registered its millionth Homesteader. During June 1998, in an effort to increase brand awareness, GeoCities introduced
2128-812: The status of the Nasdaq Stock Market was changed from a stock market to a licensed national securities exchange. In 2007, it merged with OMX, a leading exchange operator in the Nordic countries, expanded its global footprint, and changed its name to the NASDAQ OMX Group. To qualify for listing on the exchange, a company must be registered with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), must have at least three market makers (financial firms that act as brokers or dealers for specific securities) and must meet minimum requirements for assets, capital, public shares, and shareholders. In February 2011, in
2184-465: The systems. This scheduled downtime is often excluded from the SLA timeframe, and needs to be subtracted from the Total Time when availability is calculated. Depending on the wording of an SLA, if the availability of a system drops below that in the signed SLA, a hosting provider often will provide a partial refund for time lost. How downtime is determined changes from provider to provider, therefore reading
2240-436: The termination of GeoCities. Geocities.ws also promised free hosting, and for eight years this has been the case, as of January 2018. Other sites with this purpose were WebCite , as well as now-defunct Geociti.es (closed 2011), Oocities.org and Ge.ocities.org. On the first anniversary of GeoCities' termination, Archive Team announced that they would release a torrent file archive of 641 GB (prior to 7z compression, it
2296-519: The termination, rival Web hosting services began to compete for the sites formerly displayed by GeoCities. For instance, German Web host Jimdo started the "Lifeboat for GeoCities" service to encourage GeoCities users to display their sites on Jimdo. Geocities-closing.com , started by GeoCities competitor uCoz , is a similar project begun to save GeoCities websites. Many of the webpages formerly hosted by GeoCities remained accessible, but could not be updated, until 2014. Attempts to access any page using
GeoCities - Misplaced Pages Continue
2352-592: The time. During the registration process, new members chose to which neighborhood they wanted to belong. This neighborhood became part of the member's Web address along with a sequentially assigned "street address" number to make the URL unique (for example, "www.geocities.com/RodeoDrive/number"). Chat, bulletin boards, and other elements of "community" were added soon afterward, helping foster rapid growth. On July 5, 1995, GeoCities added additional cities, including "CapitolHill", "Paris", "SiliconValley", and "Tokyo". By December 1995,
2408-480: The wake of an announced merger of NYSE Euronext with Deutsche Börse , speculation developed that NASDAQ OMX and Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) could mount a counter-bid of their own for NYSE. NASDAQ OMX could be looking to acquire the American exchange's cash equities business, ICE the derivatives business. At the time, "NYSE Euronext's market value was $ 9.75 billion. Nasdaq was valued at $ 5.78 billion, while ICE
2464-548: The web to send email, files, etc. to other sites. The company may use the computer as a website host to provide details of their goods and services and facilities for online orders. A complex site calls for a more comprehensive package that provides database support and application development platforms (e.g. ASP.NET , ColdFusion , Java EE , Perl/Plack , PHP or Ruby on Rails ). These facilities allow customers to write or install scripts for applications like forums and content management . Web hosting packages often include
2520-470: The website is publicly accessible and reachable via the Internet. This is different from measuring the uptime of a system. Uptime refers to the system itself being online. Uptime does not take into account being able to reach it as in the event of a network outage. A hosting provider's Service Level Agreement (SLA) may include a certain amount of scheduled downtime per year in order to perform maintenance on
2576-558: The website. At the time of the complaint, GeoCities had more than 1.8 million members who were "homesteaders". GeoCities illegally permitted third-party advertisers to promote products targeted to GeoCities' 1.8 million users, by using personally identifiable information obtained in the registration process. These acts and practices affected "commerce" as defined in Section 4 of the Federal Trade Commission. The problem of GeoCities
2632-453: The widespread adoption of CSS and the standardized Document Object Model and had cross-browser problems. However, GeoCities said in a press release that feedback regarding the watermark had been overwhelmingly positive. The company became corporate during August 1998, being listed with the NASDAQ exchange with the code GCTY. The initial public offering price was $ 17, increasing rapidly after
2688-460: The world's first electronic stock market. At first, it was merely a "quotation system" and did not provide a way to perform electronic trades. The NASDAQ Stock Market eventually assumed the majority of major trades that had been executed by the over-the-counter (OTC) system of trading, but there are still many securities traded in this fashion. As late as 1987, the Nasdaq exchange was still commonly referred to as "OTC" in media reports and also in
2744-445: Was acquired by Yahoo! , at which time it was reportedly the third-most visited website on the World Wide Web . In its original form, site users selected a "city" in which to list the hyperlinks to their Web pages . The "cities" were named after real cities or regions according to their content: For example, computer -related sites were placed in "SiliconValley" and those dealing with entertainment were assigned to "Hollywood", hence
2800-490: Was approximately 900 GB of data), and did so on October 29, 2010. On April 9, 2011, Archive Team released a patch for the first GeoCities torrent. In its original form, site users selected a so-called "city" in which to list the hyperlinks to their Web pages. The "cities" were named after real cities or regions according to their content: For example, computer -related sites were displayed in "SiliconValley" and those dealing with entertainment were assigned to "Hollywood", hence
2856-535: Was founded as a European equivalent to the Nasdaq Stock Market. It was purchased by NASDAQ in 2001 and became NASDAQ Europe. In 2003, operations were shut down as a result of the burst of the dot-com bubble . In 2007, NASDAQ Europe was revived first as Equiduct and was acquired by Börse Berlin later that year. On June 18, 2012, Nasdaq OMX became a founding member of the United Nations Sustainable Stock Exchanges Initiative on
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#17328477030172912-591: Was headquartered at 9401 Wilshire Boulevard in Beverly Hills, California . By December 1996, it was headquartered on the third floor of 1918 Main Street in nearby Santa Monica , with an office on the 8th floor of the Pershing Square Building at 125 Park Avenue in New York City . Over time, many companies, including Yahoo! , invested extensively in GeoCities and, with the introduction of paid premium services,
2968-426: Was not allowed to collect personal identifying information from any child if GeoCities had actual knowledge that the child did not have their parents' permission to provide the information. Web hosting service A web hosting service is a type of Internet hosting service that hosts websites for clients, i.e. it offers the facilities required for them to create and maintain a site and makes it accessible on
3024-404: Was offered previously only as a premium. During 2001, amid speculation by analysts that GeoCities was not yet profitable (it having declared an $ 8 million loss for the final quarter of 1998), Yahoo! introduced a for-fee premium hosting service at GeoCities and reduced the accessibility of free and low-price hosting accounts by limiting their data transfer rate for Web page visitors; since that time
3080-568: Was that it placed a privacy statement on its New Member Application Form and on its website promising that it would never give personally identifying information to anyone without the user's permission. GeoCities sold personal information to third parties who used the information for purposes other than those for which members gave permission. It was ordered that GeoCities would not make any misrepresentation, in any manner about its collection or use of personal identifying information, including what information will be disclosed to third parties. GeoCities
3136-646: Was valued at $ 9.45 billion." Late in the month, Nasdaq was reported to be considering asking either ICE or the Chicago Mercantile Exchange to join in what would probably have to be, if it proceeded, an $ 11–12 billion counterbid. In December 2005, NASDAQ acquired Instinet for $ 1.9 billion, retaining the Inet ECN and subsequently selling the agency brokerage business to Silver Lake Partners and Instinet management. The European Association of Securities Dealers Automatic Quotation System (EASDAQ)
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