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140-808: Retiro station is the railway's terminus in Buenos Aires , from which the railway runs to many provinces in the Centre and North of Argentina, such as Santa Fe , Córdoba , Tucumán , La Rioja , Catamarca , Chaco , Santiago del Estero , Salta and Jujuy . In the metropolitan section of the city of Buenos Aires, Ferrocarril Belgrano is divided into two lines, Belgrano Norte and Belgrano Sur , currently operated by Private company Ferrovías and state-owned company Trenes Argentinos Operaciones respectively. Passenger trains of Norte Line are only run to Villa Rosa in Pilar Partido . From then on, freight services run to

280-639: A British -owned company by then. By the beginning of the 20th century, the national government had built several metre gauge railway lines, most of them in the North of Argentina. The Argentine State Railway owned a 3,490 km length network. The most important were the Central Norte and Argentino del Norte , as part of other lines in Patagonia and Littoral regions. In 1905 the Congress of Argentina authorised

420-404: A King of England ; I have seen popular spectacles extraordinary in number and enthusiasm. But I cannot remember anything comparable to the incredible scene of a Head of State thrown into the arms of his people, carried back and forth by the electrified crowd, to the high seat of honor of the first mandate of his homeland (...). But all that pales in comparison to the reality of the immense plaza, of

560-510: A Convention Center ("Patrio de la Madera") on that place. FCPSF's Central Station (terminus of the line located in the city of Santa Fe ) was demolished in 1962 to build a new bus terminus, which was inaugurated in 1968. After the privatisation of all the Argentine railways in early 1990 during Carlos Menem 's administration, several railway lines were closed and many cities of the region lost their only public transport that connected them with

700-427: A National Decree on March 10, 1993. Only a few lines (operated by the provincial governments) continued to operate outside Buenos Aires Province. Under FEMESA administration, the urban services of Ferrocarril Belgrano were divided into two lines, Belgrano Norte ( Retiro –Villa Rosa) and Belgrano Sur ( Buenos Aires – González Catán –Marinos del Crucero General Belgrano and Puente Alsina – Aldo Bonzi ). Both lines had

840-504: A balance guaranteed by President Roca, first from within the government, and later from outside. The agreement between these distinct dominant sectors brought about the exclusion of any organized opposition. In this context, the opposition formed a new party, dissolving the Civic Union of the Youth and forming the new Civic Union in 1890, emerging from a heterogeneous movement linked together by

980-548: A budget with a negative balance, among other things, characterized the Argentine economy during the radical period from 1916 to 1930. During his first presidency workers' strikes were violently suppressed in events such as La Forestral massacre , the Tragic Week and the suppression of the Patagonia Rebelde . The anti-labor violence was often assisted by the paramilitary nationalist group Argentine Patriotic League . On

1120-467: A celebration in front of the house on Avenida Brasil 1039. The presidential elections on 2 April 1916 were the first in the history of Argentina to adopt the Sáenz Peña Law, which guaranteed a secret and mandatory vote for men, and it is thus considered to have resulted in the first democratic government in the history of Argentina, with the clarification that the first completely democratic government

1260-484: A considerable fortune, which was to help him achieve his political aspirations. Yrigoyen never hosted anyone, not even his friends, at his estancias. He spent time working in the fields alongside his workers, and in his free time he would walk or read. When he became a more popular political personality, he would retreat to his estancias to rest. He advised his workers to buy small properties for their old age. The workers at Yrigoyen's estancias received higher salaries then

1400-511: A fund was established for old age, disability and survivors' pensions for personnel working at various public utilities owned by foreign corporations, along with those working in hospitals and clinics. Various public health initiatives were carried out For instance, Law 10,998 of October 21, 1919, authorised the Board of Sanitary Works of the Nation to construct water works and sewage systems in all towns of

1540-734: A house in the neighborhood of Balvanera and had four siblings: Roque, Martín, Amalia, and Marcelina. In 1861, at the age of nine, he entered the San José of Buenos Aires School, run by the Congregation of the Sacred Heart of Jesus of Betharram , although he continued his studies at the School of South America, where his uncle Leandro N. Alem was a professor of philosophy. Yrigoyen was not a standout student, though he did demonstrate an introspective personality. Early on, he had an inclination towards studying to be

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1680-505: A joint with ex- Ferrocarril Provincial (FPBA) was built in Etcheverry station, using that line for all the freight trains that served the port in La Plata. The line that belonged to CGBA was abandoned and its rail tracks removed in the most part of the path. Finally in 1961, branches from Patricios to General Villegas and Victorino de la Plaza and Vedia to Pergamino were closed. Likewise,

1820-631: A judicial office that Leandro Alem and Aristóbulo del Valle shared. According to researcher Roberto Etchepareborda, his original last name – as opposed to Bernardo de Irigoyen – was Hirigoyen , Hirigoien in Standard Basque, which means "city of the high". In the French Basque country, the "h" is pronounced as it is in English, while in the Spanish Basque country, it is not pronounced, which

1960-484: A law of amnesty proposed by former President Carlos Pellegrini among others. Yrigoyen met with President Figueroa Alcorta in 1907 and 1908 to try to convince him to call for corruption-free elections, but he found little success. Yrigoyen revealed the conversations in the Convention of 1909. In the 1910 presidential elections, the modernist National Autonomist Party elected Roque Sáenz Peña as its candidate. Sáenz Peña

2100-533: A law to guarantee secret, universal, and mandatory elections for all citizens. After overcoming resistance from the conservatives, who were opposed to the exercise of total democracy, his plan became the so-called Sáenz Peña Law . The issue of suffrage was dealt with in three laws: Law Nº 4161, on 29 December 1902, which made possible the first representation of the Socialist Party ; Law Nº 4578, on 24 July 1905, intended to calm that year's revolution; and Nº 8871,

2240-492: A line. Works -directed by American engineer Richard Maury - continued until 1930 when the overthrow of Hipólito Yrigoyen caused their interruption with only a few kilometers built, while Maury was fired by the de facto government. Works resumed in 1936, reaching the cities of Olacapato (1941), Unquillal (1944) and Tolar Grande (1945). President Juan Perón encouraged works to continue after he became president that same year. In January 1948 works were finished at last and

2380-426: A long illness. That event prompted him to close himself off to the world even more, a state in which he suffered a religious crisis . Little is known about this, due to his reserved nature. During his brother's illness, Yrigoyen befriended two of his brother's friends, Carlos Pellegrini and Roque Sáenz Peña , who would play significant roles in the institutional changes that would eventually bring Hipólito Yrigoyen to

2520-411: A low passenger traffic compared with other lines such as Sarmiento or Mitre . Belgrano Sur line that ran trains on ex-Compañía General and Midland railways was granted in concession to Private company Metropolitano (through its TMB division) in 1994. In 1999 the company tried to run a special service with railcars from González Catán to Villars but it was soon abandoned. The Belgrano Norte line

2660-522: A maximum increase in rent was fixed by law as a means of tackling an exorbitant rise in rents. A 1917 homestead law provided for grants of 500 acres of public land in the far north and far south, while from 1919 the National Mortgage Bank was permitted to make funds available for landless farmers to purchase rural property. In 1921 a tenant rental law was passed "spelling out rights and limitations of rental contracts and working conditions." In 1919

2800-463: A new radical revolution was coming, and in late January, the revolutionaries left for their destinations throughout the country to begin their revolt. However, both the government and the police suspected that there were plans of a conspiracy against them and so they broke into several buildings and arrested civilians who resorted to their weapons. Alarmed, General Smith, the Army Chief of Staff, headed to

2940-528: A pastime that he never gave up, even in his 70s. In 1897, he joined the Jockey Club and went several times, and although he never set foot in the institution after 1900, he continued to be a member until his death. On 1 July 1896, Leandro Alem committed suicide in the middle of the street. Aristóbulo del Valle had died prematurely in January of that year, leaving the leadership of the party to Yrigoyen. However, on

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3080-476: A priest, though he soon began to study law instead. For some time, Yrigoyen and Alem shared a household, and the latter tried to introduce his nephew to Freemasonry . At fifteen years old, Yrigoyen paused his studies to help his father, who had acquired a fleet of trolleys to work in the port. He worked for a short time in a store and also had a job in the trolley. At his young age, he had already had extensive though diverse work experience. In 1867, he worked at

3220-404: A railroad worker pension plan was amended, and was further amended in 1921 "to create a fund to build houses for railroaders and in that way helped to alleviate the decided shortage of decent affordable housing." A law of 1921 prohibited the manufacture, sale or importation of matches containing white or yellow phosphorus. More than 3,000 new schools were founded while illiteracy was combated, and

3360-698: A railway line from Santa Cruz to Brazilian city Corumbá , which would allow Bolivia to have access to Atlantic Ocean . That same year, Juan Rivero Torres was appointed chief of the Bolivian delegation to help organize the Mixed Bolivian-Brazilian Railway Commission; until 1951, he served as delegate engineer of Bolivia in the construction of the Santa Cruz-Corumbá Railway, thereby forming a rail corridor to connect South America's Atlantic ports with its Pacific ones. As for Brazil,

3500-487: A relative of Alem, who had been commissioner. This is how he made contact with Alvear and other civic figures such as Le Breton, Apellániz, and Senillosa. Alvear and Yrigoyen would see each other at the Paris Café and at committee meetings. He would always hold a special appreciation for Alvear, even in the later years of the caudillo 's life, after the radical leaders had come into conflict with each other. As an anecdote about

3640-464: A result of the Federalization of Buenos Aires . That year he was named general administrator of Stamps and Patents, though he did not remain long in that position either. Upon the federalization of Buenos Aires and the arrival of Julio A. Roca to the presidency, Alem resigned from his position as Deputy in protest against the federalization and left politics, allowing Yrigoyen, who was not opposed to

3780-475: A series of events that began the new radical revolution. On 29 July 1893, the governor of San Luis was overthrown by Juan Sáa, and on 31 July, after a day of bloody conflict, they took the city of Rosario . Meanwhile, in Buenos Aires, Yrigoyen decided to put his plan into practice. Several radical leaders left the city, heading towards the interior of the province, each one assigned a specific task to carry out

3920-1024: A state of siege throughout the country. Successful uprisings took place in Bahía Blanca , Mendoza , Córdoba and Rosario , but the capital was kept under the government's control. In Mendoza, the governor was deposed and José Néstor Lencinas, the head of the Revolutionary Junta, took the command of provisional governor. In Córdoba, an infantry led by Delfor Del Valle Vice President José Figueroa Alcorta , President Roca's son Julio Argentino Pascual Roca , and several government leaders who happened to be in Córdoba. Del Valle attempted to capture President Roca, but he managed to escape to Santiago del Estero . In La Plata , there were rumors of suspected movements, but no revolution happensd there. Several revolutionary leaders escaped to Chile or Uruguay , but some, such as Delfor Del Valle, were captured when they tried to leave

4060-560: Is one of the six large mainline railway station termini in Buenos Aires , Argentina . Located in the neighborhood of Retiro , it serves as terminal station for the Belgrano Norte Line that runs local trains to the northern suburbs of the Buenos Aires metropolitan area . It also functions as terminal station for the national cargo train General Belgrano Railway . Built in 1912 , its Beaux-Arts design makes it one of

4200-511: Is why the surname Hirigoyen probably has its origin in France, while its variants ( Yrigoyen and Irigoyen ) have their origins in Spain. Formerly, Spanish orthography used ⟨Y⟩ for uppercase ⟨I⟩ . The radical leader used " Yrigoyen " and " Irigoyen " interchangeably. The use of " Yrigoyen " was a political tool used in the 1920s. Gabriel del Mazo, leader of

4340-523: The Fuerza de Orientación Radical de la Joven Argentina (FORJA), recommended he use " Yrigoyen " as opposed to " Irigoyen ", which Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear 's sectors used. When he finished his secondary education in 1869, along his with his uncle Leandro N. Alem, he began his political life as a member of the Autonomist Party, led by Adolfo Alsina , a party with a popular base that faced off with

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4480-443: The milk train (that served the region bringing fresh milk from local dairy farms ) was definitely suspended when the government banned the commercialization of bulk products in the city of Buenos Aires . In August 1977, National Decree N° 2294 stated the closure of the 225-km length line between Patricios and Victorino de la Plaza. Since then, stations and rail tracks had been suffered progressive deterioration, with no plans from

4620-464: The Avenida de Mayo , where he declined to accept the candidacy. Crotto proposed to form a commission to meet with Yrigoyen with the goal of convincing him to accept the candidacy. The delegates Guido and Oyhanarte headed to the residency on Avenida Brasil 1039 and communicated to Yrigoyen that if he rejected the candidacy, it would be the end of the fight. At 6:30 pm, Yrigoyen accepted. The news prompted

4760-669: The Chamber of Deputies ; in the Senate there were only 4 radicals and 26 opponents. A total of eleven provinces were still being represented by members of the previous regime. After swearing in before the Legislative Assembly , the new president was literally carried by a deluge of people to the Casa Rosada , without any kind of security detail. Historian Luis Alberto Romero notes that something had truly changed when "100,000 people accompanied

4900-558: The San Martín Railway . The complex is accessible by the C line of the Buenos Aires Metro system and by numerous local public bus services. The station will also be accessible by both Line E and Line H of the metro once their extensions are complete. Retiro Belgrano has three entrances, the main one on Ramos Mejía avenue, another next to the main entrance (on the same avenue) and a lateral one (on Padre Mujica street, at

5040-502: The international market began to decline slowly starting 1914, while the prices of manufactured products that Argentina was importing began to climb in relation to the price of grains. This created an increasingly difficult situation that became an economic crisis, eventually resulting in a global economic crisis in 1929. An industry with little development, created during World War I but shrunk afterwards, an economic organization that obtained almost all its resources from customs duties, and

5180-527: The ruling party , the will of the majorities prevailed over the division of powers . The opposition, on the other hand, accused the Executive Branch of being arrogant and demanded greater participation from Congress , especially in matters such as the conflictive federal interventions. Juan Hipólito del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Yrigoyen was born on 12 July 1852, a few months after the Battle of Caseros . He

5320-509: The 1948 nationalisation : Note: In 1937, while the Chaco War happened, governments of Argentina and Brazil had competed to extend their railway lines to Bolivia . The branch projected would run from Yacuiba to Santa Cruz de la Sierra but part of the path was being occupied by the Paraguayan Army . On February 25, 1938, governments of Bolivia and Brazil signed an agreement to build

5460-484: The 625-km length Santa Cruz - Corumbá railway line in 1955. In 1949 Argentina financed and built the railway to Santa Cruz, crossing Eastern Bolivia. That line connected Amazonas and de la Plata drainage basins as a natural extension of the Yacuiba branch. That also joined Argentine railways other railroad lines of the regions, such as Brazil, Chilean and Bolivian networks. The Yacuiba - Santa Cruz de la Sierra branch

5600-554: The Children's Hospital and the Asylum for Defenseless Children. Testimonies from the time signal that he was not a good professor, but his method is of particular interest: he gave his own students responsibility over the classes while he acted as a moderator and observer. By 1882, Yrigoyen had finished his classes in theory at the University of Buenos Aires Law School. At this time, through

5740-468: The Civic Radical Union (UCR) was convened, in which Alem and Yrigoyen made a declaration that called for an armed uprising against the regime. The Convention approved a manifesto that labeled the source of the government's power as "based in fraud and violence". On 17 November, the Civic Radical Union issued its charter, the first document of its kind in the history of the party. This was the first in

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5880-590: The Department of Argentine History Civic Instruction at the Normal School for Teachers. The five-year stint at this position influenced Yrigoyen notably, giving him a more global vision. In 1889, Yrigoyen moved into a house of his own, facing what is today Plaza Congreso in the City of Buenos Aires, on the street that is now named after him, on the 1600 block. Just prior to this move, his brother, Roque, died after suffering

6020-560: The East of Buenos Aires Province and ports of La Plata and Rosario . When the company was added to Ferrocarril Belgrano, its network was significantly restructured. In Rosario, the CGBA terminal station was closed and all its branches put out of service. In Buenos Aires, the CGBA workshops in Riachuelo were closed so all the rolling stock was moved to Libertad workshops of Midland Railway. In La Plata,

6160-475: The Ferrocarril Belgrano after nationalisation of the entire network in 1948. In the city of Rosario the terminal stations of former French-owned companies, Córdoba Central , Compañía General de Buenos Aires and Provincial de Santa Fe, were closed for passenger services. From then on, the traffic of passenger would be moved to Rosario Oeste station . The Rosario terminus of ex-Provincial de Santa Fe

6300-672: The Ferrocarril Belgrano ran more than 40 services per day in the Puente Alsina−Aldo Bonzi section. Railcars acquired from the Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company in 1939 that were still running passenger services on the line were put out of service in 1971, replacing them with the Ganz Works previously used by the Argentine State Railway since 1936. The Ganz railcars ran services until 1977 when

6440-560: The Interior, who sent a powerful military force to defeat the revolution. On 25 August, the Committee of the Province officially announced that it would drop arms. Alem insisted on ordering a new uprising throughout the country, but Yrigoyen disagreed because he believed that Quintana would crush the revolution by any means necessary. This was the beginning of the dwindling of the relationship between

6580-605: The Littoral lines were added to General Urquiza Railway . On the other side, the Provincial de Buenos Aires railway remained managed in an autonomous way until 1953 when it was also added to Ferrocarril Belgrano. The six companies were managed by Ferrocarriles Argentinos which was later broken up during the process of railway privatisation beginning in 1991 during Carlos Menem 's presidency. The following metre gauge railway companies were added to Ferrocarril Belgrano network after

6720-622: The National Party of Bartolomé Mitre . In his participation in the Electoral Club, he demanded free suffrage, division of rural property, and reform of the judicial power, among other measures. In 1870, he entered public administration as a scribe for the General Accounts of the Office of Balances and Information, though he did not remain at this job for very long. Two years later, when Alem

6860-612: The Normal School for Teachers, though he was first named President of the Balvanera School Council by Domingo Faustino Sarmiento , then president of the National Council of Education. He taught these subjects for around twenty-four years, until he was expelled by President Manuel Quintana as a result of the Revolution of 1905 , led by Yrigoyen. Despite the unfavorable economic situation, he donated his salary of 150 pesos to

7000-471: The Republic with over 8,000 inhabitants. According to a presidential message from 1921 "The Executive Power has dedicated its greatest care to the development of social assistance services, being its constant desire that they correspond to the needs of the population. Within the limited means available to it, its action has been rapid, tending to reduce the ills that afflict the needy, concurring in some cases with

7140-525: The Republican Party, which proposed del Valle as a candidate and positioned itself in opposition to any agreements between leaders of Alsina's party and Mitre's pitre. The internal conflict ended with the expulsion of Yrigoyen from his police duties in 1877. In 1878, at 25 years old, he was elected Provincial Deputy for the Republican Party and sat on the Budget Committee, but his term ended in 1880 as

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7280-643: The Spanish Krausists Julián Sanz del Río and Francisco Giner de los Ríos , he discovered the works of philosopher Karl Krause , who influenced his thinking considerably. During the 1880s, he began a series of rural projects that would give him great economic wealth. He purchased and rented estancias in the provinces of Buenos Aires , Córdoba , and San Luis , and fattened cattle to sell them to refrigeration businesses. These activities not only earned him great wealth, but also landholdings of his own. In total he owned almost 25 leagues of land. He

7420-507: The armory to fortify his unit and defend the city's arsenal. Thirty-three unarmed revolutionaries entered at 4 a.m. and were arrested when they asked for Martín Yrigoyen. The revolutionaries' failure to capture the arsenal reduced hope for the revolution, as the plan had been to arm civilians with weapons from the arsenal. At 3:45, President Manuel Quintana arrived at the Governor's Palace to convene an emergency meeting of his cabinet and declared

7560-655: The attribution to choose the Director. In 2004 the company was re-privatised, keeping the national government 1% of the company. As part of railway privatization , carried out during the presidency of Carlos Menem , a concession to operate the services was granted to the government of Chaco Province in 1992, so the State-owned company " Servicios Ferroviarios del Chaco " (SEFECHA) was created in August 1999. Retiro Belgrano railway station Retiro-Belgrano , or simply Retiro ,

7700-484: The beginning of the 1990s Ferrocarriles Argentinos 's financial situation was catastrophic so the national government led by Carlos Menem decided to restructure the company. A new company, named " Ferrocarriles Metropolitanos S.A. (FEMESA) " was created to manage and operate passenger services in the urban area of Buenos Aires , leaving FA the operation of long-distance passenger trains and freight services. Nevertheless, passenger trains served by FA would be interrupted by

7840-434: The candidacy. In regards to the vice-presidency, there were demands by the "blue" group to be on the ticket, and finally, Pelagio Luna, from La Rioja, was designated the vice-presidential candidate. At 10:30 am, the voting began: Yrigoyen received 150 votes, with two for Leopoldo Meto and one each for Alvear, Crotto, and Gallo. Crotto rejected the vote that he was given, standing by his position that only Yrigoyen could be

7980-469: The candidate. In the vice-presidential selection, Luna received 81 votes with Gallo receiving 59, and Joaquín Castellanos and Melo received one each. While the delegates waited for the acceptances of the candidacies, a demonstration gathered outside Yrigoyen's house, but there is no indication that anyone was able to enter. Yrigoyen had gone to meet with the board of directors of the Convention in Crotto's study on

8120-430: The capital of the Province of Buenos Aires. Colonel Martín Yrigoyen, Hipólito's brother, led 3,500 civilians who after some fighting overthrew Governor Carlos Costa and took the city of La Plata. Martín and Hipólito's forces combined, and around 4,500 people marched between 13th and 44th street. The Yrigoyen brothers marched to the front of the revolutionary troop to an ovation from the people of La Plata. They decided to use

8260-488: The committee in order to defeat the bernardistas, radicalism would enter a state of disorganization until the party's reorganization in 1904. This was a total contradiction of the pact with the mitristas that the president of the National Committee, Bernardo de Iriogyen, had signed as a tactic to fight against Julio A. Roca during his second presidency in 1898. There were several signs in early February 1905 that

8400-472: The conflict, to arrive at a viable understanding for workers and employers. Also in 1919, a law was brought to Congress regulating work in manufacturing and the production of yerba mate , citing that the conditions of the workers were inhumane. This law, Nº 11.728, was passed in the following radical administration in 1925, but it was vetoed by Marcelo T. de Alvear at the insistence of the Congress. The prices on

8540-516: The construction of a line from Cerrillos to Rosario de Lerma in Salta Province as a railway projected to get access to the Puna de Atacama . One year after other project proposed to get access through Quebrada de Humahuaca was suggested, but works were not carried out. Projects were revived several times but it was not until 1921 when the Argentine State Railway company started the construction of

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8680-412: The country had to manage its own currency and, above all, it should have control of its transportation and its energy and oil exploitation networks. Between the 1916 general election and the 1930 coup d'etat , political polarization was on the rise. Personalist radicalism was presented as the "authentic expression of the nation and the people" against the " oligarchic and conservative regime". For

8820-530: The country, and others turned themselves in. Some 70 civil prisoners were held on the naval ship Santa Cruz and confined into small spaces with poor living conditions. On 5 March, the state of siege was extended for 70 days, and the prisoners were quickly tried with punishments of up to eight years in prison, and on 2 May, they were sent on the Patria to a prison in Ushuaia . Yrigoyen had maintained his anonymity during

8960-454: The east). The building was built by the British Córdoba Central Railway that originally connected the cities of Rosario and Córdoba until in 1903 the Government allowed the company to extend its network to Buenos Aires, from north to south. In 1906 trains reached Villa Rosa in Pilar Partido and finally arriving in Buenos Aires in 1912. The terminal station, designed by architects Faure Dujarric (Louis Faure-Dujarric) and Robert Prentice,

9100-404: The elections would continue to be held according to the laws in each province. However, the governor of Santa Fe was replaced in 1912 by federal intervention , and the new governor organized elections for provincial governor and the provincial legislature in accord with the new electoral reform. The Radical Civic Union decided to participate and won the election, bringing to power Manuel Menchaca,

9240-432: The entire railway network was nationalised during Juan Perón 's administration, the Córdoba Central station started to be operated by recently formed Ferrocarriles Argentinos . The station remained active as an intermediate stop for trains run by Belgrano Railway to La Quiaca in Jujuy Province. The ANWR station would be finally closed in 1978. In the early 1990s, when the Carlos Menem 's administration privatised all

9380-444: The executive branch in times of legislative recess. With the exception of the provinces governed by radicals who had come into power legitimately, the rest were put into power through intervention. The intervention's goal was to call for legal elections and for the winners to become the new governor. In many districts, radicalism won, although in provinces such as Corrientes and San Luis , the conservatives prevailed, and in those cases

9520-431: The expansionism of the large foreign economic groups that were active in the country. Facing the aggressive interventionist policy of the United States in Latin America , he defended his non-interventionist principles, going as far as ordering Argentina's war boats in one case to wave the flag of the Dominican Republic rather than that of the U.S., who had hoisted theirs on the island after the 1916 occupation . As far as

9660-431: The fact that many radical senators were not aligned with Yrigoyen's government were a few of the factors that stopped several of Yrigoyen's proposals in the Senate. Yrigoyen was the nation's first president to sustain a nationalist ideology, convinced that the country had to manage its own currency and credit, and most of all, control over its transports, energy networks, and petroleum exploitation. To this end, he designed

9800-427: The famous Sáenz Peña Law, passed on 10 February 1912. While this was predictable, the attitude of President Sáenz Peña is notable for attending to the demands of the people, knowing that it would gravely affect the dominance of the conservatives. It is worth mentioning, however, that the new law applied only to elections for national offices: president, vice-president, national deputies, and national senators. The rest of

9940-423: The first Argentine governor to be elected in secret elections. In early March 1916, the National Committee of the Radical Civic Union met to call a Convention, which would take place on 20 March at the Casa Suiza , with the attendance of 138 delegates. At the session, the committee designated a commission made up of delegates Vicente Gallo , José Camilo Crotto , Pelagio Luna , José Saravia, and Isaías Amado. At

10080-522: The foreign railway companies in Argentina were nationalised under the Juan Perón 's administration, creating the State-owned company "Empresa de Ferrocarriles del Estado Argentino (EFEA)", then renamed to Ferrocarriles Argentinos , taking over all the railway lines of Argentina, including passenger and freight services. From then on, a restructuring of the entire Argentine rail network was carried out, given

10220-625: The fracture of the Civic Union, to reorganize it. Del Valle first attempted to invite the UCR Committee to participate in the new ministry, to no avail. He then attempted to call on a number of radical figures to join some of the ministries, but they all forcefully rejected the offer. He came up with a plan to disarm the paramilitary forces that existed in several provinces that some governors were using to retain their power in their provinces. He also asked Congress to use federal intervention to replace

10360-400: The government helped set up an extensive consumer cooperative for employees of the state railways. A presidential decree was signed concerning the work of women and children. In accordance with this decree, "every hall in stores, warehouses, millinery and other commercial establishments must have chairs, provided with backs, equal in number to two-thirds of the female workers employed." In 1921

10500-539: The government to re-activate the CGBA lines. The Ferrocarril Provincial was the last to become part of Ferrocarril Belgrano network. As the CGBA rail tracks from Port of La Plata to the crossing with FC Provincial (near Etcheverry) had been removed in the 1950s, therefore a joint was built to allow trains from González Catán to run on ex-FCPBA tracks to La Plata. In October 1961 the Etcheverry−Mira Pampa and Carlos Beguerie− Azul − Olavarría branches were closed by

10640-414: The governors of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, and San Luis, which were the provinces mostly controlled by the oligarchy. Given his proximity to the government, del Valle could have staged a coup d'état , as Alem had asked him to, but his legal convictions stopped him from taking action even when it would mean the failure of the revolution. On 8 August, a railway formation left from Temperley to take La Plata ,

10780-551: The head of the rebellion created several battalions to defend the settlement in Temperley, whose forces had grown to 4,500 men, divided into eighteen battalions. Facing this situation, the governor resigned that same day. Two days later, the Committee of the Province was formed, with Yrigoyen presiding over it, and met in Lomas de Zamora with the attendance of some seventy members. Domingo Demaría requested Yrigoyen to be provisional governor of

10920-651: The hippodrome near the train station as an encampment, bringing to an end the peaceful capture of La Plata. That same day, the Provincial Committee met in Lomas de Zamora to elect a provisional governor, Juan Carlos Begrano, who chose Marcelo T. de Alvear as his Minister of Public Works. The provisional government would only last nine days. When the national government sent troops to intervene, Belgrano did not resist and turned his power over to Eduardo Olivera. The national government designated Manuel Quintana as Minister of

11060-440: The history of the country. However, Yrigoyen had to confront problems arising from World War I . His policy was maintaining neutrality , which meant in economic terms continuing supply to its traditional allies and customers. The nations at war demanded cheap supplies, such as blankets and canned meat, which saw their exports triple between 1914 and 1920. This was nothing compared to the exports of corn and refrigerated meat (which

11200-576: The human ocean mad with joy, of the president dedicated to his people with his heart and soul, without guards, without an army, without police. Yrigoyen had suggested to President Figueroa Alcorta at the time to intervene in fourteen federal states where fraud was still in practice, and had been since the creation of the League of Governors , from which his primary mentors Miguel Ángel Juárez Celman and Julio Argentino Roca came. The federal interventions , called for "civic hygiene", were carried out slowly by

11340-512: The ideology of suffragism and the fight against Roca's regime. Following the success of the meeting held in the Florida Garden on 1 September 1889, which helped popularize Leandro N. Alem among the youth of Buenos Aires, and though he was retired from political life since the 1880s, he helped plan the Revolution of the Park . Yrigoyen hesitated to join the movement at first since he believed the fight

11480-483: The improvements, the Belgrano Norte Line increased the number of passengers to 36 million. 10,800 of 14,000-km length run by Ferrocarriles Argentinos for freight services were taken over by State company Ferrocarril General Belgrano S.A. , established in 1993 because of no one private company had made an offer to operate the line. Belgrano S.A. continued operating until 1997 when it was given to Unión Ferroviaria,

11620-458: The last few weeks of the uprising. It was announced that at the end of February, he would appear at the Federal Court. On 28 February, there was a large crowd and significant police presence waiting for him, but he did not appear, and the government ended up exonerating him. Yrigoyen was able to support the leaders financially in exile because of the success of his estancias. A few months after

11760-486: The line was definitely closed. When the Libertad−Plomer section was closed, Buenos Aires station of ex-CGBA was set as terminus. Trains ran without passengers from Puenta Alsina to Aldo Bonzi, running back to Tapiales junction where they departed to Buenos Aires station. Passengers waited and took the train in Buenos Aires, being carried to Carhué via Plomer. The lack of maintenance caused a progressive deterioration in

11900-673: The line was opened, joining Argentina and Chile in Socompa . Trains ran along 29 bridges, 21 tunnels, 13 viaducts, 2 zig-zags and 2 spirals . In 1972 the line started to operate as a touristic service, under the commercial name "Tren a las Nubes" (Train to the Clouds) After the World War II finished, British and French-owned railway companies in Argentina began proceedings with the purpose of selling their railways due to financial problems to operate those services. Finally on March 1, 1948, all

12040-522: The lines local heroes' names. As a result, several former British and French companies, such as Compañía Gral. de Buenos Aires , Central Norte , Argentino del Norte , Mildland and Provincial de Santa Fe became part of the same network, renamed "Ferrocarril General Manuel Belgrano" to honor Manuel Belgrano , hero of the War of independence and the creator of the flag of Argentina . The Patagonian railway owned by state became part of General Roca Railway and

12180-468: The main cities of Santa Fe and Chaco. In the case of Chaco, the government of the province created a state-owned company, named " Servicios Ferroviarios del Chaco (SEFECHA)" to operate regional services on the Ferrocarril Belgrano tracks, using small railcars . The national government took over the services in May 2010, and has been operating them since then, through state-owned company Trenes Argentinos . By

12320-630: The most recognizable landmarks of french neoclassicism in the country. The terminal is the fourth-busiest train station in Argentina . Retiro Belgrano is the terminus for the General Belgrano Railway and is adjacent to the Retiro bus station ( Terminal de Omnibus ), the principal long-distance bus terminal in Buenos Aires, the Retiro Mitre station of Mitre Railway , and the Retiro San Martín station of

12460-475: The name of Argentine exporters. Thanks to this, the Argentine peso reached an 80% gold standard by the end of Yriogyen's first government. The government attempted, to no avail, to create the Bank of the Republic in 1917, a financial entity whose objective would be to regulate the economy and national finances. In a five-year period, it did not issue debt instruments, and external debt was reduced to 225,000,000 pesos,

12600-506: The national government. Three years later the Olavarría−La Plata section was partially re-opened only for freight services, but this line would be definitely deactivated in 1968. One year later a joint between former Midland, Provincial and the Port of Buenos Aires was built to reach Avellaneda . In 1974 rail tracks from Carlos Beguerie to Mira Pampa were removed. On July 5, 1977, this line

12740-682: The nationalisation several improvements were carried out in the line, such as the addition of a rail track between Aldo Bonzi and Libertad to increase frequency of the services. The modernisation included the purchase of brand-new diesel locomotives by American company Whitcomb in 1951 (with the addition of 15 new ones by Werkspoor in 1955) and the construction of a junction in the Tapiales and Aldo Bonzi stations that allowed ex-Midland connecting its line with Ferrocarril Sarmiento railway near Haedo in Greater Buenos Aires . By December 1955

12880-507: The new law, to be elected Deputy to the National Congress . This was the first discrepancy that emerged between the two. In 1878, he ended his studies, having never completed his thesis. Three years later, a new law was passed that eliminated the requirement for a thesis to become a lawyer in such a way that Yrigoyen was able to graduate. He began to work as a professor of Argentina history, civic instruction, and philosophy in 1880, and

13020-479: The new president on his way from the Congress to the Palace of Government . The opponents were horrified by the presence of the 'sandal-wearing riffraff', a prejudice, certainly, but one that marked the beginning of a new age of democracy." When thirteen electors were needed for radicalism to triumph, the conservatives went to Santa Fe to try to persuade electors who were enemies with the party's authorities. When Yrigoyen

13160-599: The new rebellion. At his El Trigo estancia, he met with his friends and some of his workers, some sixty people in all, and they headed towards the Las Flores police station, which they took without resistance. He arrived in Temperley on the morning of 3 August alongside 1,200 men and established their encampment for the revolution, led and organized by Marcelo T. Alvear . The encampment housed as many as 2,800 armed citizens, who arrived in columns to take adjacent towns. On 4 August,

13300-560: The night of Alem's wake, he announced that the loss of his uncle was too grave to be able to lead the party, and he asked those present to return to their provinces of origin until further notice. When the National Convention of the UCR issued the so-called "parallel policy" on 6 September 1897, to hold elections with the mitristas , after a meeting UCR Provincial Committee meeting 29 September at Alvear's house in which they voted to dissolve

13440-530: The north through the provinces of Buenos Aires , Santa Fe , Córdoba , Santiago del Estero , Tucumán , Chaco , Formosa , Salta , Jujuy , San Luis , Mendoza , San Juan , La Rioja and Catamarca . In 1876, Ferrocarril Central Norte started services from Córdoba to Tucumán. It was the first metre gauge in Argentina, mainly due to economic reasons. It had been built by the Argentine State to expand Central Argentine Railway network (Rosario-Córdoba),

13580-534: The old regime failed in their attempt to form a new conservative political force. The Hipólito Yrigoyen–Pelagio Luna ticket prevailed over the Conservative Party ticket ( Ángel Rojas –Juan Eugenio Serú) in the popular vote with 339,332 votes, versus 153,406 votes for the Conservative Party. They also won in the Electoral College with 152 votes. The Congress was composed of 45 radicals and 75 opponents in

13720-410: The opinions of the delegates, leading them to suspend the session to be continued on 22 March at Onrubia Theater, where they would also have to choose their candidates for president and vice-president. Starting at eight in the morning, the theater was packed with people and taken over by nerves because although it was known that Yrigoyen would win unanimously, the delegates knew that he would not accept

13860-618: The original built by the Argentine North Western Railway (ANWR, also named El Provincial due to its line extended within Tucumán Province and acquired in 1899) and the other station built by the CC itself, Tucumán Belgrano railway station . The Provincial station operated passenger and freight services until the late 1960s, when the passenger traffic was moved to Central Northern Railway station, also known as "El Bajo". After

14000-411: The plans for a Central Bank in order to nationalize foreign trade, founded the energy company YPF , and placed controls on the concessions of the foreign businesses that managed the country's railroads. Gabriel del Mazo, historian of radicalism, says that Yrigoyen's government was characterized by his "Petroleum and Land Plan". In addition to the defense of domestic assets, Yrigoyen was able to contain

14140-430: The poor hygienic conditions. Soon after, they were sent to Montevideo , Uruguay , the only foreign land to which Yrigoyen ever travelled, where they remained until December. He returned to Uruguay many years later after being overthrown. It was just prior to this revolution that Yrigoyen met Alvear, more specifically when there was an opening for Chief of Police of the city of Buenos Aires. Artistóbulo del Valle proposed

14280-401: The poor", Yrigoyen presided over a rise in the standard of living of Argentina's working class together with the passage of a number of progressive social reforms, including improvements in factory conditions, regulation of working hours, compulsory pensions, and the introduction of a universally accessible public education system. Yrigoyen was the first nationalist president, convinced that

14420-437: The popular decision was respected. Additionally, were no interventions in the provinces of Santa Fe, Buenos, Aires, or Jujuy. The electoral victory meant that, for the first time, a large social class that had until then been excluded from public office was running different state functions. This was the middle class, without great economic resources, nor connections to the upper classes. The presence of "nameless" civil servants

14560-422: The presidency. On 10 April 1892, Luis Sáenz Peña was elected President of Argentina . One week before, President Carlos Pellegrini had declared a state of siege and, with the justification of a radical conspiracy, sent Leandro N. Alem to prison and practically all of the radical leaders were arrested over a period of two months, with the exception of Yrigoyen. In November of that year, the National Convention of

14700-446: The province, but he denied emphatically, believing that he had participated in the revolution to end an illegal government, not to install another one. Before the insistence of his fellow revolutionaries, he told them, "Neither provisional, nor definitive" After a crisis in the ministry that led to the resignation of several ministers, on 3 July 1893, Luis Sáenz Peña called on Aristóbulo del Valle, who had been retired from politics since

14840-453: The provinces whose governors had been chosen in elections prior to the electoral reform were illegitimate. Various reforms were also enacted during Yrigoyen's first presidency. In 1918 a law was enacted fixing the conditions of homework, providing "that a minimum wage for such work shall be fixed by mixed committees of employers and employees." A law was passed in 1919 providing the building of workers' houses at reasonable prices, while in 1921

14980-522: The railroads were concerned, Yrigoyen placed rigorous controls on the railways in British hands, especially in regards to tariffs and fixation of capital accounts. He also promoted State Railways, looking for a way to reach the Pacific Ocean to facilitate transport of goods from the northwest and southwest of the country to reach Perú, Chile, and Bolivia. The initial push to achieve complete democratic rights

15120-737: The railway services, the Belgrano Railway freight service remained under the control of the state due to lack of interest from private inversors. On the other hand, all the long-distance passenger services were closed in March 1993 so the station has remained active for freight trains exclusively since then. The Córdoba Central is currently operated by state-owned Trenes Argentinos Cargas y Logística . This railway extended along Buenos Aires Province from its terminus of Puente Alsina in Lanús Partido to Carhué , an important tourist centre by then. After

15260-551: The railway syndicate of Argentina. The company transported about 1,500,000 tons (a very low volume compared with the 4,000,000 tons transported in the 1970s). Most of the cargo was oil and fuel, although other products transported included grains, minerals and construction materials. In November 1999 the company was given in concession to Ferrocarril Belgrano Cargas S.A. , formed by the Unión Ferroviaria and local cooperative "Laguna Paiva". The government of Argentina owned 1% with

15400-667: The railway would facilitate an access to the oil -rich Eastern Bolivia region. On March 15 Bolivia ratified that agreement, declaring null the other contract signed with Argentina in November 1937. Indigenous Chiquitano forced laborers built parts of the Santa Cruz–Corumbá Railway. Nevertheless, the Congresses of Argentina and Bolivia ratified the agreement. On the other hand, Brazil started to work in Bolivia in 1948, having finished

15540-485: The reason for which many public positions were left vacant to reduce public spending . Congress did not levy taxes on returns, though the administration requested this in 1919. In the same year, Congress passed regulations over conciliation and arbitration in workers' conflicts, establishing a junta presided over by the chair of the National Labor Department, and made up of a representative of each party in

15680-411: The requested aid, reaching out to other means of aid to the populations and expanding the capacity of the hospital establishments with the essential elements for their regular operation." The economic expansion that Argentina experienced during the period known as the "radical republic" (1916–1930), with an average annual expansion of 8.1%, is still today one of the greatest periods of economic growth in

15820-675: The rest of the network, operated by State-owned company Belgrano Cargas . Some short-distance passenger services are also operated by another State company, Trenes Argentinos Operadora Ferroviaria , in Chaco Province. Ferrocarril Belgrano ran passenger services to La Quiaca and even to Bolivia although those branches were closed in the 1980s or early 1990s. There are projects to run passenger services between La Quiaca and San Salvador de Jujuy , both cities in Jujuy Province . The main lines departed from Retiro station in Buenos Aires to

15960-554: The revolution ended, a civic association appeared, the Association of May, which started a pro-amnesty movement supported by the National Party of Uruguay . Yrigoyen began to run the association to gain freedom for the imprisoned revolutionaries, but that clashed with Quintana's inflexibility. However, Quintana died in March 1906, and José Figueroa Alcorta became president from the modernist National Autonomist Party (PAN), which passed

16100-623: The rolling stock and stations of the line, therefore the line was closed in September 1977. Workshops at Libertad were demolished. Nevertheless, the closure of the region did not make a negative impact in the economy of the Province due to rail tracks crossed along low-populated regions. Besides, most of that regions were already served by other railway lines with better access to the city of Buenos Aires . That railway line operated services from Buenos Aires station in Parque Patricios to cities at

16240-597: The rupture of the Civic Union on 26 June 1891, forming two new parties: the National Civic Union , led by Bartolomé Mitre and in favor of negotiating with Roca's party, and the Radical Civic Union ( Unión Civica Radical, UCR), led by Alem and radically opposed to Roca. That same year, Yrigoyen was named head of the Radical Committee of the Province of Buenos Aires, and in March 1881, he was named head of

16380-542: The same time, it named another commission, made up of Eudoro Vargas Gómez, Crotto, Luna, and Marcelo T. de Alvear , tasked with meeting with President Victorino de la Plaza with the goal of demanding a clean and free election. The following day, while the first commission was debating over whether to put the Constitution into effect after years of institutional disorder, the second commission that met with President De La Plaza did not return with encouraging news. That divided

16520-582: The traditional conservative parties that controlled the Senate, but also with the new popular parties that had gained prominence from the secret vote: the Socialist Party and the Democratic Progressive Party . He developed radicalism as a "religion of redemption" for the "liberation of Argentina", he was not seen as a politician but as an "apostle", and he believed that the Radical Civic Union

16660-440: The two leaders, it can be mentioned that in 1897, Lisandro de la Torre challenged Yrigoyen to a fencing duel. Alvear had a few days to teach his friend the basics of fencing, since Yrigoyen had no knowledge of fencing and de la Torre was an expert. The duel took place on 6 September and Yrigoyen was able to achieve several touches on de la Torre's face and won the duel. During his presidency, he would continue to practice fencing,

16800-400: The two leaders. By October, the revolution had been totally defeated. Yrigoyen was advised that he was to be arrested and when he left his house in the early morning, he was detained by the police force. This was the first time in his life that he was arrested. He was transferred to an old war boat and then to a pontoon that was holding several radical prisoners, where they suffered nausea from

16940-542: The war began, President Victorino de la Plaza ordered the suspension of the exchange of gold for paper currency that the Caja de conversión began in 1889 as a temporary solution for the Baring crisis and to prevent a capital outflow . This allowed the Argentine currency to maintain a gold standard . Fourteen million pesos in gold came back into the country from Paris and London , where it had been deposited by European merchants in

17080-468: Was a subject of much satire in the conservative press. During the first years of his government, Yrigoyen led through decrees, since many of the initiatives he sent to Congress failed due to the conservative majority that still prevailed. Only after the 1918 Legislative Elections did radicalism obtain the majority in the lower chamber. Despite the congressional minority, Yrigioyen maintained an attitude inclined towards dialogue and negotiation, not only with

17220-484: Was an Argentine politician of the Radical Civic Union and two-time President of Argentina, who served his first term from 1916 to 1922 and his second term from 1928 to 1930. He was the first president elected democratically by means of the secret and mandatory male suffrage established by the Sáenz Peña Law of 1912. His activism was the prime impetus behind the passage of that law in Argentina. Known as "the father of

17360-417: Was asked about this, he said the famous quote, "Let one thousand elections be lost before we sacrifice our principles." The Spanish Ambassador to Argentina attended the event on behalf of his country and wrote the following for the newspaper La Época : In my diplomatic career I have attended famous celebrations in different European courts; I have been present for the ascent of a President of France and

17500-551: Was baptized four years later, on 19 October 1856 in the church of Nuestra Señora de Piedad. His father, Martín Yrigoyen Dodagaray, was a Basque-French immigrant who in 1847 married Marcelina Alén Ponce, daughter of Leandro Antonio Alén (who was also the father of Leandro N. Alem ), a member of the Mazorca during the government of Juan Manuel de Rosas who would be shot and hanged in the Plaza de Mayo . During his youth, Yrigoyen lived in

17640-588: Was definite and the building would be later occupied by the National Gendarmerie . Passenger services were moved to Rosario Oeste station . Likewise, the Ferrocarril Provincial de Santa Fe terminus was remodeled and re-opened in the late 1950s as a bus terminus , renaming it "Coronel Juan D. Perón" to honor former President of Argentina. The station was renamed later as " Mariano Moreno ". Belgrano Railway operated two stations from Córdoba Central,

17780-432: Was definitely closed for passenger services, running freight trains until one of the bridges was broken by a truck near Gobernador Monteverde, leaving the line inactive. Years later Avellaneda station (terminus of the line) would be re-opened as a railway museum. The Ferrocarril Provincial de Santa Fe had been a French -owned company operating trains in the provinces of Santa Fe , Chaco and Córdoba that became part of

17920-481: Was elected provincial deputy, Yrigoyen, twenty years old, was named Police Commissioner of Balvanera thanks to the influence of his uncle, and placed in charge of Section 14. Meanwhile, he continued his studies in law and in March 1874 finished his fourth year, while also participating in the revolution that took place that year led by Bartolomé Mitre. In 1877, Alem, Artistóbulo del Valle, and Yrigoyen, in protest of Adolfo Alsina's tendencies towards Mitre's party, formed

18060-500: Was for establishing an election system that would put an end to electoral fraud, and he was not only a friend of Yrigoyen but also had cofounded the defunct Republican Party with Yrigoyen 30 years before. The long-postponed political change began its process with the arrival to the presidency of Roque Sáenz Peña, an internal opponent of the National Autonomist Party. He focused all of his governmental management into passing

18200-422: Was granted in concession to Ferrovías , a company that owned EMEPA, a hugh railway workshop near Chascomús . By 1994 (first year of the concession) the number of passengers carried had increased to 14,800,000. The company also made investments, acquiring new diesel locomotives and coaches, upgrading infrastructure (renewing rail tracks and signalling and replacing the old bridges) along the entire line. Because of

18340-417: Was not a party but rather "a motherland itself": In 1918, the UCR received 367,263 votes, and in 1920, the party received 338,723 votes. Although the UCR won a considerable number of seats in the national legislature, the Senate's slow constitutional turnover meant that the upper chamber did not yet represent the electorate. The death of Pelagio Luna in 1919 had a notable influence on the legislative body and

18480-542: Was not against a person (President Miguel Juárez Celman ), but rather against a whole system. But prior to the revolution of 1890, he was pressured to join the movement and quickly became the Chief of Police of the Provisional Government. But the movement would be quickly repressed by the government, and the pacts between the more conservative factions of the Civic Union collapsed due to a deep internal crisis. This led to

18620-461: Was of higher quality than the canned meat). In turn, the import of manufactured goods from Europe stopped as the warring nations focused their resources on war industry . This caused industries to emerge to produce the products that were previously being imported. Between 1914 and 1921, commerce grew with the United States, as England and other European nations had nothing to offer Argentina. When

18760-403: Was opened in 1958. Once the metre gauge railways became part of Ferrocarril Belgrano, the government ordered the closure of Córdoba Central Railway , Provincial de Santa Fe and Compañía Gral. de Buenos Aires terminal stations in the city of Rosario for passenger services. In the case of the CGBA (that joined Buenos Aires Province with Rosario through a branch from Pergamino ) the closure

18900-589: Was remodeled and enlarged in 1914. One floor and a dome with a clock were added to the original construction. The building style has remained to present days. In 2011 the station was remodeled, repairing the external masonry, facade and dome. In May 2021, the station was declared National Historic Monument , along with other terminal stations such as Once, Constitución, and Federico Lacroze. Hip%C3%B3lito Yrigoyen Juan Hipólito del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Yrigoyen ( Spanish pronunciation: [iˈpolitojɾiˈɣoʝen] ; 12 July 1852 – 3 July 1933)

19040-464: Was remodeled and re-opened at late 1950s as a bus terminus , renaming it "Coronel Perón" although it would be changed to Mariano Moreno to honor one of the most notable personalities of the 1810 Revolution . After becoming a bus station the warehouses remained active for freight services until they were definitely closed in 1987. The rail tracks were also removed while the Municipality of Rosario made

19180-403: Was stopped, since the UCR neither controlled the Senate nor the governorships in many provinces. Yrigoyen resorted in several cases to federal intervention in the provinces, which deepened the confrontation with the conservative sectors. During his first presidency, he intervened in the provinces twenty times; only five by law, and ten in provinces governed by radicals. The government argued that

19320-422: Was the owner of Estancia El Trigo, near Las Flores , one of the best shepherding lands in the country; Seña de Anchorena in the province of San Luis; and El Quemado, near General Alvear . Thanks to his business experience, Yrigoyen had direct contact with the people of the countryside – both creoles and gringos – and he became familiar with their problems and sentiments. In a few years, Yrigoyen had accumulated

19460-433: Was the second presidency of Juan Domingo Perón in 1951 , when women were able to exercise their right to vote and be voted for. The first effects of the law were unexpected for the reformers: radicals and socialists turned out in almost every corner of the country, with the exception of the Province of Buenos Aires, which was fervently controlled by the traditional political apparatus. The provincial parties that controlled

19600-452: Was typical for the time, and they received a share of the earnings, in proportion to the work and responsibility of each employee, and he would regularly give his workers articles of clothing. He collected a fortune of several million pesos, which he used almost entirely to fund his political activity, to the point that he was in debt when he died. The 1880s marked the consolidation of a landowning elite and commercial sector, tied together in

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