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Gary Flandro

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Gary Arnold Flandro (born March 30, 1934, in Salt Lake City, Utah ) is an American aerospace engineer who is currently the professor for the Boling Chair of Excellence in Space Propulsion (Emeritus) at the University of Tennessee Space Institute . He is also the Vice President and Chief Engineer for Gloyer-Taylor Laboratories (GTL).

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61-808: Flandro earned his B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Utah in 1957, his Master’s in Aeronautics from the California Institute of Technology in 1960 and his Ph.D. from Caltech in 1967 as supervised by Frank E. Marble . He has worked at UTSI and possessed the Boling Chair of Excellence in Space Propulsion since 1991. Flandro has authored or co-authored 95 conference papers, including traveling to Kyoto, Japan during 2006 to present

122-709: A 180-room campus hotel and conference center. The University of Utah Asia Campus opened as an international branch campus in the Incheon Global Campus in Songdo , Incheon , South Korea in 2014. Three other European and American universities are also participating. The Asia Campus was funded by the South Korean government. In 2015, the university helped open the Ensign College of Public Health in Kpong, Ghana. In 2019,

183-577: A 330-kilowatt system on the rooftop of the Natural History Museum of Utah and a 262-kilowatt system at the HPER East building. The combined arrays annually produce 1,096,340 kilowatt hours, and are supported by a student fee sustainability program established in 2008. On November 1, 2019, the university entered into a renewable energy partnership with Rocky Mountain Power and Cyrq Energy which allows

244-460: A conference without an automatic Bowl Championship Series (BCS) bid to go to a BCS bowl game. The team ended its perfect 12–0 season ranked 4th in AP polling. 2008–2009 was another undefeated year for the football team, coached by Kyle Whittingham , as they finished the season 13–0 and defeated Alabama 31–17 in the 2009 Sugar Bowl . Utah finished the season 2nd in AP polling, their highest rank ever. At

305-567: A farmers market, and student groups, as well as a branch of the Salt Lake City Bicycle Collective . Sustainability and transportation are also a large part of the university's campus master plan. The Sustainable Endowments Institute gave the university a "B+" in its College Sustainability Report Card 2011, with A's for climate change and energy , food and recycling, student involvement, and transportation. The expanded recycling program launched on July 1, 2007. Since its launch,

366-480: A forum for political theorists to share their newest theoretical work, and is home to the Hinckley Institute of Politics , which places more than 350 students every year in local, state, national, and global internships. The university's Turkish Studies Program, funded by Turkish Coalition of America and headed by M. Hakan Yavuz , has been criticized for promoting Armenian genocide denial . Nevertheless,

427-574: A housing complex for the Olympic and Paralympic athletes, as well as the opening and closing ceremonies. Multiple large improvements were made to the university prior to the events, including extensive renovations to the Rice-Eccles Stadium , a light rail line leading to downtown Salt Lake City, a new student center known as the Heritage Center, an array of new student housing, and what is now

488-472: A low of 3,418 during the last year of World War II, but A. Ray Olpin made substantial additions to campus following the war, and enrollment reached 12,000 by the time he retired in 1964. Growth continued in the following decades as the university developed into a research center for fields such as computer science and medicine. During the 2002 Winter Olympics , the university hosted the Olympic Village,

549-532: A new structure and has started as a debt-free program. The new school enrolled its first students for the fall semester of 2013 and averages the same cost as the university's medical school tuition. The S.J. Quinney College of Law , founded in 1913, was the only law school in Utah until the 1970s. The law school was ranked the #28 best law school in the country in the 2024 U.S. News "Best Law Schools" rankings. The University of Utah ( University of Utah Hospital ) has

610-853: A paper titled “Understanding Oscillatory Behavior of Liquid Propellant Rockets and Jet Engine Thrust Augmentors," at the Seventh International Symposium on Special Topics in Chemical Propulsion. He has also authored or co-authored 54 refereed papers, four books and two book chapters. He was named a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics on May 13, 2008. Flandro is an 11th generation pupil of Euler. The lineage is: Euler , Lagrange , Fourier , Lejeune Dirichlet , Lipschitz , Klein , Lindemann , Hilb , Bar, Liepmann , Marble, Flandro. Flandro’s work has assisted decades of space flight and several missions to

671-683: A student member. Subsequently, a 1981 amendment further increased this number to seventeen, with the seventeenth member being the Lieutenant Governor of Utah . In 2020, the Utah System of Technical Colleges was subsumed into the USHE, with the Utah State Board of Regents being renamed to the Utah Board of Higher Education. Today, the board consists of 10 Utah citizens, all of whom are appointed by

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732-602: Is "Utah Man" , commonly played at athletic games and other university events. In 1996, Swoop was introduced as the new mascot of the University of Utah. Because of relationships with the local Ute Indians, Utah adopted a new mascot. While still known as the Utes, Utah is now represented by the Red-tailed Hawk known for the use of his tail feathers in Ute head-dresses, and said he "Reflects

793-519: Is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". According to the National Science Foundation , the university received $ 670 million in research and development funding in 2022, ranking it 47th in the nation. The university's health care system includes four hospitals, including the University of Utah Hospital and Huntsman Cancer Institute , along with twelve community clinics and specialty centers such as

854-608: Is a loop of buildings named after past university presidents with a courtyard in the center. Major libraries on lower campus include the J. Willard Marriott Library and the S.J. Quinney Law Library . The primary student activity center is the A. Ray Olpin University Union, and campus fitness centers include the Health, Physical Education, and Recreation Complex (HPER) and the Eccles Student Life Center. Lower campus

915-546: Is also home to most public venues, such as the Rice-Eccles Stadium , the Jon M. Huntsman Center , and the Utah Museum of Fine Arts , a museum with rotating exhibitions and a permanent collection of American, European, African, and Asian art. Venues for performing arts include Kingsbury Hall , used for touring companies and concerts, Pioneer Memorial Theatre, used by the professional Pioneer Theatre Company , David P. Gardner Hall, used by

976-672: Is home to the Genetic Science Learning Center, a resource which educates the public about genetics through its website. The University of Utah was one of the original four nodes of ARPANET , the world's first packet-switched network and embryo of the current worldwide Internet. The School of Computing produced many of the early pioneers in computer science and graphics , including Turing Award winner Alan Kay , Pixar founder Ed Catmull , Atari founder Nolan Bushnell , and Adobe founder John Warnock . Notable innovations of computer science faculty and alumni include

1037-618: Is in regular use in Flandro's short courses at UTSI. During the summer of 1964 at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ), Flandro was assigned the task of studying techniques for exploring the outer planets of the solar system. His study discovered a rare near-future alignment of the outer planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) and conceived a multi-planet mission (later named the Planetary Grand Tour ) utilizing

1098-548: Is the flagship university of the Utah System of Higher Education . As of fall 2023, there were 26,827 undergraduate students and 8,409 graduate students, for an enrollment total of 35,236, making it the second-largest public university in Utah. Graduate studies include the S.J. Quinney College of Law and the School of Medicine , Utah's first medical school . It is a member of the Association of American Universities (AAU) and

1159-427: Is the university's newest college, with its first graduating class in 2018. The University operates on a semester calendar with the rest of the Utah higher education system. Undergraduate tuition and fees for 2015–2016 were $ 8,240 for Utah residents (about 325% the cost of tuition and fees in 2000, $ 2,534 for 13 credit hours per semester, 2 semesters), and $ 26,180 for non-residents per 12-credit-hour semester. For

1220-634: The Huntsman Cancer Institute , the Moran Eye Center , and the Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library. South of the health sciences complex, several university residence halls and apartments are clustered together near Fort Douglas and the Heritage Center, which serves as a student center and cafeteria for this area. In addition, there are 1,115 university apartments for students, staff, and faculty across three apartment complexes on campus. At

1281-584: The Moran Eye Center . The university's athletic teams, the Utes , participate in NCAA Division I athletics ( FBS for football) as a member of the Big 12 Conference . Twenty-two Rhodes Scholars , four Nobel Prize winners , three Turing Award winners, eight MacArthur Fellows , various Pulitzer Prize winners, two astronauts, Gates Cambridge Scholars , and Churchill Scholars have been affiliated with

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1342-642: The New York Institute of Technology . Present graphics research is focused on biomedical applications for visualization , scientific computing , and image analysis at the Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute . In March 2012, the university received unanimous approval from the board of trustees to create a new academic college, the School of Dentistry, which is the university's first new college in sixty years. The new school has received funding for

1403-600: The Utah Board of Higher Education (previously the Utah State Board of Regents) whose chief executive officer is the Commissioner of Higher Education. The chief executive officer of the University of Utah is the president, who reports to the Board of Higher Education and, with the approval of the trustees, submits budgets, tuition adjustments, and academic program plans, appoints faculty, and develops policy initiatives. Subject to

1464-733: The Utah State Legislature passed the Utah Higher Education Act of 1969, establishing the Utah System of Higher Education and its governing body, the State Board of Higher Education, to govern Utah's (at the time) nine institutions of higher learning, as well as administer the federal Higher Education Act of 1965 . In 1977, an amendment was passed to rename the board to the Utah State Board of Regents, as well as increase its membership to sixteen, with provisions for appointing of

1525-528: The Utes , though some teams have an additional nickname, such as "Runnin' Utes" for the men's basketball team. The university participates in the NCAA 's Division I ( FBS for football) as part of the Big 12 Conference . There is a fierce BYU–Utah rivalry , and the Utah–BYU football game , traditionally the season finale, has been called the "Holy War" by national broadcasting commentators. The university fight song

1586-540: The state of Utah and the University of Utah (as a state entity), recognize the historical events of 1915 as the Armenian genocide". The university has 9 men's and 11 women's varsity teams. Athletic teams include men's baseball, basketball, football, golf, hockey, lacrosse, skiing, swimming/diving, and tennis and women's basketball, cross country, gymnastics, skiing, soccer, softball, swimming/diving, tennis, track and field, and volleyball. The school's sports teams are called

1647-586: The 1944 and 1947 teams. He also went on to help the Minneapolis Lakers win NBA Championships in 1949 and 1951. Wat Misaka , the first person of Asian descent to play in the NBA, also played for Utah during this era. Utah basketball rose again to national prominence when head coach Rick Majerus took his team, including guard Andre Miller , combo forward Hanno Möttölä , and post player Michael Doleac , to

1708-543: The 9th member, and the President of the Associated Students of the University of Utah (ASUU) serves as the 10th member. The 8 appointed members serve for four-year terms, four expiring on June 30 of each odd-numbered year. The two ex officio members serve for the terms of their respective offices. The University of Utah and the other public colleges and universities of the Utah System of Higher Education are governed by

1769-763: The Board of Trustees, the university faculty have authority to legislate on matters of educational policy via the Academic Senate . The Senate is composed of 100 faculty members proportionally representing and elected by their respective colleges, 2 elected deans , and 18 students from the ASUU, one from each college and the ASUU president. The Senate also includes the University President , Senior Vice President for Academic Affairs , Senior Vice President for Health Sciences, and all non-elected deans as ex officio members who may debate and present motions but do not vote. Much of

1830-492: The Class of 2023 (enrolling Fall 2019), Utah received 24,404 applications and accepted 15,159 (62%), with 4,249 enrolling. The middle 50% range of SAT scores for enrolling freshmen was 572.5-680 for evidence-based reading and writing, 570-700 for math, and 1150-1370 for the composite. The middle 50% ACT score range was 22-28 for math, 21-31 for English, and 22-29 for the composite. The average high school grade point average ( GPA )

1891-471: The NCAA Final Four in 1998 . After eliminating North Carolina to advance to the final round, Utah lost the championship game to Kentucky , 78–69. In 2004–2005, the football team, coached by Urban Meyer and quarterbacked by Alex Smith , along with defensive great Eric Weddle , went 11–0 during the regular season and defeated Pittsburgh 35–7 in the 2005 Fiesta Bowl , becoming the first team from

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1952-460: The School of Music and for musical performances, and the Marriott Center for Dance. Red Butte Garden , with formal gardens and natural areas, as well as the new site of the Utah Museum of Natural History , is located on the far east side of campus. The health sciences complex, at the northeast end of campus, includes the University of Utah Medical Center , Primary Children's Medical Center ,

2013-596: The University of Utah." The University of Utah provides student housing in a 34-building housing complex on campus. The complex consists of nine housing areas: Chapel Glen, Gateway Heights, Sage Point, Officer's Circle, Benchmark Plaza, Shoreline Ridge, the Donna Garff Marriott Honors Residential Scholars Community (MHC for short), the Lassonde Studios, and Kahlert Village. The MHC is a dormitory strictly for honors students and

2074-538: The University's jurisdiction. It also provides recommendations for the University to work with external entities such as UDOT, UTA, and Salt Lake City to improve bicycling conditions in locations that are important to the campus environment, but which are not under the University's direct control. Sustainability efforts include a permanent sustainability office, a campus cogeneration plant, building upgrades and energy efficient building standards, behavior modification programs, purchasing local produce for campus dining,

2135-664: The actual Senate work is carried out by 12 Senate-elected committees which work on the central academic issues of the institution. The committees report to the full Senate and the Senate often acts on their proposals as well as on issues brought to its attention by the administration. The University of Utah is accredited through the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities since 1933. The university organizes its 150 academic departments and programs into 17 colleges and schools. The School for Cultural and Social Transformation

2196-812: The basis for the mission New Horizons launched in January 2006, which arrived at Pluto in 2015. University of Utah The University of Utah ( the U , U of U , or simply Utah ) is a public research university in Salt Lake City , Utah , United States. It was established in 1850 as the University of Deseret by the General Assembly of the provisional State of Deseret , 25 years before Brigham Young University and making it Utah's oldest institution of higher education. The university received its current name in 1892, four years before Utah attained statehood, and moved to its current location in 1900. It

2257-526: The council house into the Union Academy building in 1876 and into Union Square in 1884. In 1892, the school's name was changed to the University of Utah, and John R. Park began arranging to obtain land belonging to the U.S. Army's Fort Douglas on the east bench of the Salt Lake Valley , where the university moved permanently in 1900. Additional Fort Douglas land has been granted to the university over

2318-625: The country. The Department was founded by William F. Christensen in 1951, who also founded the San Francisco Ballet and Ballet West companies . The university has made unique contributions to the study of genetics due in part to long-term genealogy efforts of the LDS Church , which has allowed researchers to trace genetic disorders through several generations. The relative homogeneity of Utah's population also makes it an ideal laboratory for studies of population genetics. The university

2379-547: The design and engineering of multi-outer-planet missions, including the Grand Tour opportunity for the epic Voyager explorations"). The ideas from this research have had a major effect on subsequent solar system exploration; the missions Galileo (Jupiter satellite tour) and the Cassini (Saturn satellite tour) were made possible by the gravity assist method. Flandro (also in 1965) studied gravity assist trajectories to Pluto; these are

2440-433: The end of the season, the Utes were the only unbeaten team in the country, with the nation's longest active streak of bowl victories (8). Utah System of Higher Education The Utah System of Higher Education ( USHE ) is the public university system of the state of Utah . It includes each of the state's sixteen public institutions of higher education, including its eight technical colleges . On March 21, 1969,

2501-588: The faculty resigned in protest of these dismissals. Some felt that the dismissals were a result of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ' influence on the university, while others felt that they reflected a more general pattern of repressing religious and political expression that might be deemed offensive. The controversy was largely resolved when Kingsbury resigned in 1916, but university operations were again interrupted by World War I, and later The Great Depression and World War II. Student enrollment dropped to

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2562-612: The first method for representing surface textures in graphical images, the Gouraud shading model, magnetic ink printing technology, the Johnson counter logic circuit , the oldest algebraic mathematics package still in use ( REDUCE ), the Phong reflection model , the Phong shading method, and the rendering equation . Through the movement of Utah graduates and faculty, research at the University spread outward to laboratories like Xerox Parc , JPL , and

2623-537: The gravity-assist technique to reduce the mission duration from forty years to less than ten years. This work was exploited by NASA with the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 missions, launched in 1977. Flandro was recognized for this work first by the British Interplanetary Society (1970 M. N. Golovine Award), and later by NASA (1998 Exceptional Achievement Medal, with the citation: "for seminal contributions to

2684-505: The nation for NIH research grants as of 2023, and its PharmD program is ranked 14th in the nation. The department of Pharmacology and Toxicology within the School of Pharmacy is world-renowned for research in epilepsy treatment with their Anticonvulsant Drug Development (ADD) program. The university is host to the Neal A. Maxwell Lecture Series in Political Theory and Contemporary Politics,

2745-571: The only accredited allopathic medical school in the State of Utah. The medical school has made several notable contributions to medicine, such as establishing the first Cerebrovascular Disease Unit west of the Mississippi River in 1970 and administering the world's first permanent artificial heart, the Jarvik-7 , to Barney Clark in 1982. The University of Utah College of Pharmacy is ranked 15th in

2806-518: The outer planets. His research work with combustion instability of solid rocket motors has “practically solved a challenging issue that had plagued the field for many years,” said Vigor Yang Head, School of Aerospace Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology . Flandro has coauthored several textbooks including: "Basic Aerodynamics: Incompressible Flow" with Howard McMahon and Robert L. Roach of Georgia Tech, and "Combustion Instability in Solid Propellant Rockets" with Edward W. Price of Georgia Tech. It

2867-477: The program has continued to grow and refine its procedures to better accommodate a growing campus' needs. Currently there are programs in place for paper, cardboard, aluminum, batteries, glass, printer cartridges, wooden pallets and plastics #1 and #2. The university is ranked 8th by the EPA for annual green power usage among universities, with 49% of its power coming from geothermal and solar sources. The university houses 10 solar array systems, including

2928-439: The program with "promoting the falsification of history through its grants and political advocacy... the University of Utah has provided an institutional home to genocide denial." In 2020, regarding "a student complaint and messages of concern from the Armenian community about the content of an article written by and assigned in a class taught by Hakan Yavuz ," the university made a statement, according to which: "The United States,

2989-421: The purchase of 20 megawatts of geothermal energy for 25 years. The contract offsets half of the electricity produced by the university and reduces the university's carbon emissions by 23%. The University of Utah is governed by a 10-member Board of Trustees , 8 of whom are appointed by the Governor of Utah with the consent of the Utah Senate . The President of the University of Utah Alumni Association serves as

3050-411: The soaring spirit of our state and school" In 2002, the university was one of 20 schools to make the U.S. News & World Report College Sports Honor Roll. In 2005, Utah became the first school to produce No. 1 overall draft picks in both the NFL draft and NBA draft for the same year. Alex Smith was picked first overall by the San Francisco 49ers in the 2005 NFL draft , and Andrew Bogut

3111-625: The southeast end of campus is Research Park , which is home to research companies including ARUP Laboratories , Evans & Sutherland , Sarcos , Biofire Diagnostics, and Myriad Genetics . Courses are also held at off-campus centers located in St. George and Sandy . In July 2017, the Academic Senate bestowed the designation of tobacco-free campus on the university, but rules were not enforced until 2018. The rule prohibits students and faculty from "smoking or using chewing tobacco, electronic cigarettes and all other recreational nicotine-delivery products on any property owned, leased or controlled by

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3172-401: The university area as well as the TRAX Red Line ( light rail ), which runs to South Jordan . Riders can travel downtown, to FrontRunner ( commuter rail ), to West Valley , to the Salt Lake City International Airport , or to Draper by transferring to the TRAX Green or Blue lines. Students and staff can use their university IDs to ride UTA buses, TRAX, and FrontRunner . In 2012,

3233-399: The university as students, researchers, or faculty members in its history. Soon after the Mormon pioneers arrived in the Salt Lake valley in 1847, Brigham Young began organizing a Board of Regents to establish a university. The university was established on February 28, 1850, as the University of Deseret by the General Assembly of the provisional State of Deseret , and Orson Spencer

3294-423: The university had established itself as a "denialist beachhead" prior to the creation of the Turkish Studies Program. The University of Utah Press has published several books denying the Armenian genocide , beginning with Guenter Lewy 's The Armenian Massacres in Ottoman Turkey . The book's publication by the University of Utah Press was arranged by Yavuz himself. Professor Keith David Watenpaugh charges

3355-447: The university unveiled a new plan for a more conducive campus for bicyclists called the "Bicycle Master Plan" which aims to transform the campus into a safer and more accessible place for cycling and to promote bicycle ridership. The plan emphasizes both campus pathways and on-street facilities that connect the core campus area with surrounding neighborhoods. The Bicycle Master Plan gives guidelines for facilities and programs that are within

3416-479: The university was named a member of the Association of American Universities . The campus covers 1,534 acres (6.21 km ), including the Health Sciences complex, Research Park , and Fort Douglas . It is located on the east bench of the Salt Lake Valley , close to the Wasatch Range and approximately 2 miles east of downtown Salt Lake City . Most courses take place on the west side of campus, known as lower campus due to its lower elevation. Presidents Circle

3477-450: The years, and the fort was officially closed on October 26, 1991. Upon his death in 1900, Dr. John R. Park bequeathed his entire fortune to the university. The university grew rapidly in the early 20th century but was involved in an academic freedom controversy in 1915 when Joseph T. Kingsbury recommended that five faculty members be dismissed after a graduation speaker made a speech critical of Utah governor William Spry . One third of

3538-444: Was 3.66. The university uses a holistic admissions process and weighs ACT/SAT standardized test scores, GPA, grade trend, rigorous AP/IB/Honors classes taken in high school, academic achievements, along with other "personal achievements and characteristics". The Department of Ballet offers the top ranked ballet and ballroom dance program in the United States and is one of the oldest and most reputable university ballet departments in

3599-461: Was appointed as the first chancellor of the university. Early classes were held in private homes, or wherever space could be found. The university closed in 1853 due to a lack of funds and lack of feeder schools . Following years of intermittent classes in the Salt Lake City Council House , the university began to be re-established in 1867 under the direction of David O. Calder , who was followed by John R. Park in 1869. The university moved out of

3660-481: Was completed in fall 2012. Built in 2016, the Lassonde Studios is part of the Lassonde Entrepreneur Institute and houses 400 students; the studios also feature a "creative garage" with 3D printers and spaces for startups. Kahlert Village, completed August 2020, houses 990 first-year students. A number of campus shuttles, running on biodiesel and used vegetable oil, circle the campus on six different routes. The Utah Transit Authority (UTA) runs several buses through

3721-407: Was picked first overall by the Milwaukee Bucks in the 2005 NBA draft . The university has won fifteen NCAA Skiing Championships , most recently in 2023, as well as the 1977 AIAW National Women's Skiing Championship. The men's basketball team won the NCAA title in 1944 and the NIT crown in 1947. Arnie Ferrin , the only four-time All-American in Utah basketball history, played for both

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