81-668: The coat of arms or national emblem of Indonesia is called Garuda Pancasila in Indonesian. The main part is the Garuda with a heraldic shield on its chest and a scroll gripped by its legs. The shield's five emblems represent Pancasila , the five principles of Indonesia's national ideology . The Garuda claws gripping a white ribbon scroll inscribed with the national motto Bhinneka Tunggal Ika written in black text, which can be loosely translated as "Unity in Diversity". Garuda Pancasila
162-469: A boon. Kadru asked for one thousand Nāga sons, while Vinata asked for just two, but each an equal to all of Kadru's thousand sons. Kashyapa blessed them, and then retreated to a forest to meditate. Later, Kadru gave birth to one thousand eggs, while Vinata gave birth to two eggs. After incubating them for five hundred years, Kadru's eggs hatched and out came her 1,000 sons. Vinata, eager for her own sons, impatiently broke one of her eggs. From this egg emerged
243-757: A delegate for the State of West Kalimantan and always participated in negotiations at Malino , Denpasar, the Federal Consultative Assembly (BFO) and the Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference in Indonesia and the Netherlands. As an active leader in the BFO, he was a firm supporter of federalism and opposed President Sukarno 's concept of a unitary Indonesian Republic due to its domination by
324-467: A divine creature with head, beak, wings, and claw of an eagle, while has the body of a human. Usually portrayed in intricate carving with golden and vivid colours, as the vehicle of Vishnu or in battle scene against Nāga ( dragon ) serpents . The important and noble position of Garuda in Indonesian tradition since ancient times has venerated Garuda as the national symbol of Indonesia, the embodiment of Indonesian ideology, Pancasila . Garuda also chosen as
405-429: A large bird with eagle-like features that appears in both Hindu and Buddhist epic as the vahana (vehicle) of the god Vishnu . Garuda became the national emblem of Thailand and Indonesia ; Thailand 's Garuda is rendered in a more traditional anthropomorphic style, while that of Indonesia is rendered in heraldic style with traits similar to the real Javan hawk-eagle . The word Garuda ( Khmer : គ្រុឌ – " Krud ")
486-434: A metaphor of atman . The Hindu texts on Garuda iconography vary in their details. If in the bird form, he is eagle-like, typically with the wings slightly open as if ready and willing to fly wherever he needs to. In part human-form, he may have an eagle-like nose, beak or legs, his eyes are open and big, his body is the color of emerald, and his wings are golden-yellow. He may be shown with either two or four hands. If he
567-483: A necklace is an indirect reference to its maritime wealth as it is a reminder of pearl necklaces made from sea pearls abundant in its waters. At the upper right quarter, on a white background, is the banyan tree (Indonesian: beringin ). This symbol corresponds to the third Pancasila principle, the principle of "The Unity of Indonesia". The banyan is known for having expansive above-ground roots and branches. The Republic of Indonesia, as an ideal conceived by Sukarno and
648-404: A new cabinet to be formed, and he would be the new Defence Minister. However, they were intercepted and forced to flee by Indonesian military forces. Meanwhile, Westerling was forced to flee to Singapore and APRA had ceased to function by February 1950. Evidence from arrested co-conspirators led to the incarceration of Hamid II on 5 April. By 19 April, Hamid II had confessed to his involvement in
729-738: A nāga by the tail and force him to vomit up his stone (Pandara Jātaka, J.518). The Garudas were among the beings appointed by Śakra to guard Mount Sumeru and the Trāyastriṃśa heaven from the attacks of the asuras . In the Maha-samaya Sutta (Digha Nikaya 20), the Buddha is shown making temporary peace between the Nagas and the Garudas. In the Qing dynasty fiction The Story of Yue Fei (1684), Garuda sits at
810-451: A serpent. Defeated warriors are like snakes beaten down by Garuda. The Mahabharata character Drona uses a military formation named after Garuda. Krishna carries the image of Garuda on his banner. Though Garuda stautues and iconography can be seen in many Vishnu temples, there are very few temples dedicated to Garuda as a deity in India. A 1800 year old ancient kavu dedicated to Garuda, it
891-422: A social animal. The bull is a symbol of Indonesia's fauna and wildlife. The banteng was also adopted as a symbol of Sukarno's Nationalists, and later by his daughter Megawati Soekarnoputri 's Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle . In the lower left quarter, on a white background, are a gold-and-white paddy and cotton. There are 17 seeds of rice and 5 cotton buds. These represent the fifth Pancasila principle,
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#1732845395928972-547: Is a Hindu deity who is primarily depicted as the mount ( vahana ) of the Hindu god Vishnu . This divine creature is mentioned in the Hindu , Buddhist , and Jain faiths. Garuda is also the half-brother of the Devas , Gandharvas , Daityas , Danavas , Nāgas , Vanara and Yakshas . He is the son of the sage Kashyapa and Vinata . He is the younger brother of Aruna , the charioteer of
1053-578: Is a divine eagle-like sun bird and the king of birds. A Garutman is mentioned in the Rigveda who is described as celestial deva with wings. The Shatapatha Brahmana embedded inside the Yajurveda text mentions Garuda as the personification of courage. In the Mahabharata , Garutman is stated to be same as Garuda, then described as the one who is fast, who can shapeshift into any form and enter anywhere. He
1134-596: Is a giant mythological bird likened to the Middle Eastern roc . Garuda's Chinese name is Great Peng, the Golden-Winged Illumination King ( 大鵬金翅明王 ). The Garuda is a yaksha or guardian for Shantinatha in Jain iconography and mythology. Jain iconography shows Garuda as a human figure with wings and a strand-circle. In India and the rest of Southeast Asia the eagle symbolism is represented by Garuda,
1215-528: Is a powerful creature in the epics, whose wing flapping can stop the spinning of heaven, earth and hell. He is described to be the vehicle mount of the Hindu god Vishnu , and typically they are shown together. He is the younger brother of Aruna , who is a charioteer of the sun god, Surya . According to George Williams, Garuda has roots in the verb gri , or speak. He is a metaphor in the Vedic literature for Rik (rhythms), Saman (sounds), Yajna (sacrifices), and
1296-693: Is also known as Tarkshya and Vainateya . Garuda is a part of state insignia of India , Indonesia and Thailand . Both Indonesia and Thailand has Garuda as their coat of arms , the Indian Army uses the Garuda on their Guards Brigade Regimental Insignia. The Indian Air Force named their special operations unit after him as the Garud Commando Force . It is often associated with the Greater adjutant stork ( Leptoptilos dubius ). In Hinduism , Garuda
1377-516: Is common across Buddhist traditions. In Buddhism , the Garuda (Sanskrit; Pāli : garuḷā ) are enormous predatory birds with a wingspan of 330 yojanas . They are described as beings with intelligence and social organisation. They are also sometimes known as suparṇa (Sanskrit; Pāli: supaṇṇa ), meaning "well-winged, having good wings". Like the Nāgas , they combine the characteristics of animals and divine beings, and may be considered to be among
1458-593: Is famous in the state for the alleviation of 'sarpa dosham'. Nearby the main temple is a rare subsidiary shrine dedicated to the Kurma avatar of Lord Vishnu. This temple was believed to have been constructed after Garuda himself manifested in eagle form in front of the devotees during the consecration ceremony. Lord Vishnu is present in his Mohini swaroopam in this temple, adding to its rarity. Garuda, also referred to as Garula , are golden-winged birds in Buddhist texts. Under
1539-494: Is found in early temples of India, such as on the underside of the eave at Cave 3 entrance of the Badami cave temples (6th-century). Garuda's mythology is linked to that of Aruna , the charioteer of the Hindu sun god Surya . Both Aruna and Garuda developed from an egg. According to one version related by George Williams, Kashyapa Prajapati's two wives Vinata and Kadru wanted to have children, and Kashyapa granted each of them
1620-496: Is literally derived from Sanskrit. India primarily uses Garuda as a martial motif: As an art form Indonesia uses the Garuda in a form called the Garuda Pancasila as its national symbol . The Garuda Pancasila is coloured black or gilded , symbolising both the greatness of the nation and the elang Jawa ( Javan hawk-eagle Nisaetus bartelsi ). The black color represents nature. There are 17 feathers on each wing, 8 on
1701-462: Is not carrying Vishnu, he holds a jar of amrita (immortality nectar) in one hand in the rear and an umbrella in the other, while the front pair of hands are in anjali ( namaste ) posture. If he is carrying Vishnu, the rear hands provide the support for Vishnu's feet. According to the text Silparatna , states Rao, Garuda is best depicted with only two hands and with four bands of colours: "golden yellow colour from feet to knees, white from knees to
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#17328453959281782-511: Is shown either alone or with Vishnu, signifying divine approval of the power of the state. He is found on the faces of many early Hindu kingdom coins with this symbolism, either as a single-headed bird or a three-headed bird that watches all sides. Throughout the Mahabharata, Garuda is invoked as a symbol of impetuous violent force, speed, and martial prowess. Powerful warriors advancing rapidly on doomed foes are likened to Garuda swooping down on
1863-453: Is the golden eagle, common to both Hinduism and Buddhism. The Garuda has the wings, beak, and feet of the golden eagle , but a man's arms and trunk. The Garuda is commonly used as an emblem in South and Southeast Asian nations. The use of the Garuda in Indonesia's coat-of-arms invokes the pre-colonial Hindu kingdoms that spanned across the archipelago, from which the present-day Republic of Indonesia
1944-485: Is understood to be descended. However, unlike the traditional anthropomorphic form of Garuda as featured in the temples of Java , the Balinese Garuda, or the national emblem of Thailand , the design of Indonesia's Garuda Pancasila is rendered in modern naturalist style. The design of Garuda Pancasila was inspired by the elang Jawa or Javan hawk-eagle ( Nisaetus bartelsi ), an endangered raptor endemic to
2025-593: Is used in some on non-national and non-governmental organisation. For example, the Great Indonesia Movement Party (Gerindra) used the head of Garuda Pancasila as the main part of their symbol. The rallying symbol of Prabowo Subianto 's 2014 presidential campaign also used the Garuda Merah (red Garuda), a red silhouette of Garuda Pancasila, which raised the controversy and protest whether a partisan non-governmental organisations should be allowed on using
2106-500: Is used to symbolize Indonesian government and as official emblem of Indonesian ministries , departments and institutions. It is commonly displayed in Indonesian state palaces, monuments, government offices, buildings and also Indonesian embassies abroad. It is also used in private offices and buildings, also in the classes of public schools, placed on the wall slightly upper than the President's and Vice-President's photographs that flanked
2187-498: The Amrita to the Nagas though, as it would bring great trouble later, so they forged a plan. Upon reaching his brothers Garuda placed the vessel before them, and asked them to first purify themselves before drinking. Meanwhile, Jayanta (the son of Indra) stole the vessel back. On returning, the nagas were all devoured by Garuda. Some myths present Garuda as so massive that he can block out
2268-582: The Buddhist concept of saṃsāra , they are one of the Aṣṭagatyaḥ , the eight classes of inhuman beings. In Buddhist art, they are shown as sitting and listening to the sermons of the Buddha. They are enemies of the Nāgas (snakes) and are sometimes depicted with a serpent held between their claws. Like the Hindu art, both zoomorphic (giant eagle-like bird) and partially anthropomorphic (part bird, part human) iconography
2349-520: The Japanese Empire flag . Sukarno as The President of United States of Indonesia together with Mohammad Hatta as the Prime Minister, asked Sultan Hamid II to change the red and white ribbon being held by the Garuda talons to a white scroll bearing the national motto "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika". On 8 February 1950, the design created by Sultan Hamid II was presented to President Sukarno. The design featured
2430-664: The Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies on 10 March 1942, he was interned by the Japanese for three years in a Javanese prison camp due to close ties with the Dutch. Hamid's resentment towards the Japanese occupiers was affected by the murders of 28 relatives and his mentor Miss Curteis. Hamid's father and two of his brothers along with many of the Malay elite of Kalimantan were executed by
2511-813: The Javanese . Sultan Hamid II quickly ascended to the position of Adjudant in Buitengewone Dienst bij HM de Koningin der Nederlanden (Adjutant in the Extraordinary Service of Her Majesty the Queen of the Netherlands), which is the highest position as assistant to the Dutch Queen. As a colonel, he was the first Indonesian to acquire a significant military position in the colonial army. Due to international opposition to Dutch attempts to reinstate control over Indonesia in
National emblem of Indonesia - Misplaced Pages Continue
2592-488: The Rajawali Garuda Pancasila was still "bald" without crest crowning its head like current version. President Sukarno introduced the national emblem of Indonesia to the public at Hotel Des Indes, Jakarta, on 15 February 1950. Sukarno continued to improve the design of Garuda Pancasila . On 20 March 1950, Sukarno ordered the palace artist Dullah to make several improvements according to his suggestions, such as
2673-602: The Sun . Garuda is mentioned in several other texts such as the Puranas and the Vedas . Garuda is described as the king of the birds and a kite -like figure. He is shown either in a zoomorphic form (a giant bird with partially open wings) or an anthropomorphic form (a man with wings and some ornithic features). Garuda is generally portrayed as a protector with the power to swiftly travel anywhere, ever vigilant and an enemy of every serpent. He
2754-538: The United States Navy is named after and uses the Garuda Insignia. Sultan Hamid II Sultan Hamid II (born Syarif Abdul Hamid Alkadrie ; 12 July 1913 – 30 March 1978) was the 7th Sultan of Pontianak and the only President of the State of West Kalimantan from 1946 to its disestablishment in 1950. He was the eldest son of Sultan Syarif Muhammad Alkadrie. He was of mixed Malay - Arab ancestry and
2835-720: The atman (Self, deepest level of consciousness). In the Puranas, states Williams, Garuda becomes a literal embodiment of the idea, and the Self who attached to and inseparable from the Supreme Self (Vishnu). Though Garuda is an essential part of the Vaishnavism , he also features prominently in Shaivism , Shaiva texts such as the Garuda Tantra and Kirana Tantra , and Shiva temples as a bird and as
2916-428: The nāga , a race of intelligent serpent- or dragon-like beings, whom they hunt. The Garudas at one time caught the nāgas by seizing them by their heads; but the nāgas learned that by swallowing large stones, they could make themselves too heavy to be carried by the Garudas, wearing them out and killing them from exhaustion. This secret was divulged to one of the Garudas by the ascetic Karambiya, who taught him how to seize
2997-419: The sun . The text Garuda Purana is named after him. Garuda is presented in the Mahabharata as one who eats snake meat, such as the story about him planning to kill and eat Sumukha snake, where Indra intervenes. Garuda in anger, vaunt about his feats and compares himself to Indra's equal. Vishnu teaches a lesson to Garuda and cured his pride on might. Garudas are also a race of birds who devour snakes in
3078-524: The 14th-century poet sage of the Javanese Majapahit Empire , Empu Tantular. The text was redesicovered by the Dutch scholar Brandes from among the many lontar manuscripts among the Dutch booty called the Lombok treasure — looted from the destroyed Lombok palace in 1894. who is said to have committed the phrase to writing for the first time. The poem expounded a doctrine of reconciliation between
3159-523: The Garuda in its anthropomorphic form, similar to the traditional depiction in ancient Javanese, Balinese, and Siamese art. However, the Islamic party Masyumi expressed their objection and stated that the bird with human neck and shoulders with both hands holding the Pancasila shield was too mythical. Sultan Hamid II edited his design and proposed the new version, this time discarding the anthropomorphic form,
3240-631: The Hindu and Buddhist faiths: meaning literally "Although diverse, both truthful to Dharma — thus there exists no duality in Truth". This spirit of religious tolerance was an essential element in the foundation and security of the newly emerging State of Majapahit and the thus fledgling Republic of Indonesia. It is roughly rendered, Diverse, yet united or perhaps more poetically in English: Unity in Diversity . The official Indonesian language translation is: Berbeda-beda namun tetap satu jua . The National Emblem
3321-637: The Japanese in the Pontianak incidents . Following the Japanese surrender and defeat on 15 August 1945, Hamid was liberated by the returning Allied Powers that landed in Indonesia. He was subsequently promoted to the rank of colonel by the returning Dutch. On 29 October 1945, he succeeded his father as the Sultan of Pontianak, adopting the title Sultan Hamid II. During the Indonesian National Revolution , Sultan Hamid II acquired an important position as
National emblem of Indonesia - Misplaced Pages Continue
3402-477: The Nationalists, is one country out of many far-flung cultural roots, made up of millions of people from a number of ethnic communities and groups and from 38 provinces from far west of Sumatra to far east of Papua. It also thus represents Indonesia's indigenous flora and forests. The tree, common in many parts of the country, was for many years till the present the party symbol of Suharto's Golkar and thus one of
3483-620: The United Nations, the Dutch were forced to recognise Sukarno's Republic as the de facto government of Java and Sumatra and to grant independence to a Republic of the United States of Indonesia on 27 December 1949. On 17 December 1949, Hamid II was appointed by Sukarno to the RUSI Cabinet but held no portfolio. This Cabinet was headed by Prime Minister Mohammad Hatta and included 11 Republicans and five Federalists. This federal government
3564-553: The addition of a crest and the change of talons position to the scroll. It was believed that Sukarno suggested the crest addition because the "bald" Garuda was considered too similar to the bald eagle in the United States Great Seal . The Garuda clutches in its talons a scroll bearing the National Motto of Indonesia, " Bhinneka Tunggal Ika " which is an Old Javanese stanza of the epic poem " Sutasoma " attributed to
3645-548: The botched Jakarta coup and to planning an abortive second attack on Parliament scheduled for 15 February. Due to the presence of RUSI troops, the attack was aborted. The role of the Pasundan government in the coup led to its dissolution by 10 February, further undermining the federal structure. By late March 1950, Hamid's West Kalimantan was one of the four remaining federal states in the United States of Indonesia . Hamid's role in
3726-417: The bottom right quarter, on a red background, is a chain made up of 9 round links representing women and 8 square links representing men, together they sum the number 17. This chain represents successive human generations. It corresponds to the second principle of the Pancasila , the principle of "Just and Civilized Humanity". The chain is in gold color, representing the country's mineral wealth and its shape as
3807-470: The chairman, and Ki Hajar Dewantara , M. A. Melkias Agustinus Pellaupessy , Mohammad Natsir , and Raden Mas Ngabehi Poerbatjaraka as committee members. The committee task is to select the proposals of United States of Indonesia national emblem to be presented to the government. According to Mohammad Hatta , in his memoire "Bung Hatta Menjawab", to fulfill the mandate of the Cabinet, Minister Priyono launched
3888-420: The country. It is divided into five sections: a background divided into quarters, colored red and white (the colors of the national flag) in a checkerboard pattern; and a smaller, concentric shield, black in background. A thick, black line lies horizontally across the shield, symbolizing the equator which passes through the Indonesian archipelago. The black shield bearing the golden star at center corresponds to
3969-701: The coup led to increased agitation in West Kalimantan for its integration into the Republic of Indonesia. Following a fact-finding mission by the Government Commission, the RUSI House of Representatives voted by fifty votes to one to merge West Kalimantan into the Republic of Indonesia. Following clashes with demobilised KNIL troops in Makassar and the attempted secession of an Ambonese Republic of South Moluccas ,
4050-405: The daughter of Muhammad . His wife Didie van Delden was a young Dutch woman who bore him two children – both reside in the Netherlands . During the Indonesian National Revolution , he was sympathetic to the returning Dutch and their attempts to implement a federal Republic of the United States of Indonesia , viewing the unitary Republic of Indonesia as an extension of Javanese domination. He
4131-478: The design competition. After the competition was held, there were two proposed designs selected as the finalists; one was the work of Sultan Hamid II and the other one was the work of Muhammad Yamin. The design proposed by Sultan Hamid II was accepted by both the People's Consultative Assembly (DPR) and the government, while Yamin's design was rejected because it featured shining sun emblem that seemed to be influenced by
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#17328453959284212-522: The eagle-like Garuda was done in stylised naturalistic style and named Rajawali (eagle) Garuda Pancasila . President Sukarno presented this design to the cabinet and Prime Minister Hatta. According to AG Pringgodigdo in his book "Sekitar Pancasila" published by the Minister of Defence and Security, the improved design of Garuda Pancasila by Sultan Hamid II was officially adopted in United States of Indonesia Cabinet Assembly on 11 February 1950. At that time,
4293-552: The emblem. Also, it is used on the front of every Naval vessel, denoting governmental status of the vessel. Moreover, every governor and head of cities or regencies wears the National Emblem on their headgear's badge. The President uses it on every plane he/she travelled with. Every Ministry, Provincial, Military and Police flag also uses it on one side. The Indonesian National Emblem is used as part of governmental institutions' and organisations' emblems. Such as being included within
4374-469: The emblems of Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK), General Elections Commission (KPU), People's Representative Council (DPR), and Regional Representative Council (DPD). In sports , many sport branches uses the National Emblem as their uniform insignia, such as football, creating the nickname for the Indonesia national football team as the "Garuda Team". However, some elements of Garuda Pancasila
4455-552: The epic. The Suparṇākhyāna , a late Vedic period poem considered to be among the "earliest traces of epic poetry in India," relates the legend of Garuda, and provides the basis for a later, expanded version which appears within the Mahābhārata . Garuda's links to Vishnu – the Hindu god who fights injustice and destroys evil in his various avatars to preserve dharma – have made him an iconic symbol of kings' duty and power, an insignia of royalty or dharma. His eagle-like form
4536-521: The first Pancasila principle : "Belief in One Supreme God". The color black represents the color of nature. Upon this shield at center is a golden, five-pointed star. This is a symbol common not only among Indonesia's sanctioned faiths of Islam , Protestantism , Hinduism , Catholicism , Buddhism and Confucianism , as well as among some of the Aliran Kepercayaan (native religions), but of
4617-495: The head of the Buddha's throne. But when a celestial bat (an embodiment of the Aquarius constellation ) flatulates during the Buddha's expounding of the Lotus Sutra , Garuda kills her and is exiled from paradise. He is later reborn as Song dynasty General Yue Fei . The bat is reborn as Lady Wang, wife of the traitor Prime Minister Qin Hui , and is instrumental in formulating the "Eastern Window" plot that leads to Yue's eventual political execution. The Story of Yue Fei plays on
4698-536: The images (bas-relief or statue) of Garuda. In Prambanan temple complex, there is a single temple located in front of Vishnu temple, dedicated to Garuda. However, there is no statue of Garuda inside the chamber today. In the Shiva temple, also in Prambanan complex, there is a relief telling an episode of Ramayana about Garuda's nephew who also belongs to the bird-god race, Jatayu , tried to rescue Sita from Ravana 's hand. The deified statue of King Airlangga depicted as Vishnu mounting Garuda from Belahan, probably
4779-412: The legendary animosity between Garuda and the Nagas when the celestial bird-born Yue Fei defeats a magic serpent who transforms into the unearthly spear he uses throughout his military career. Literary critic C. T. Hsia explains the reason why Qian Cai, the book's author, linked Yue with Garuda is because of the homology in their Chinese names. Yue Fei's courtesy name is Pengju ( 鵬舉 ). A Peng ( 鵬 )
4860-428: The lower tail, 19 on the upper tail and 45 on the neck, which together make up the date 17 August 1945, when Indonesia proclaimed its independence . The shield it carries bears the motto Panca Sila , which symbolises self-defense and protection in struggle. In the northern Peninsular state of Kelantan , the Geroda ( Jawi : ݢرودا ) often appears in stories of Wayang Kulit Kelantan as well as becoming
4941-434: The lowest of the devas . The Garudas have kings and cities, and at least some of them have the magical power of changing into human form when they wish to have dealings with people. On some occasions Garuda kings have had romances with human women in this form. Their dwellings are in groves of the simbalī , or silk-cotton tree . Jataka stories describe them to be residents of Nagadipa or Seruma. The Garuda are enemies to
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#17328453959285022-424: The main motif of Burung Petala Indera boat-chariot made for special royal processions in the early 20th century. Thailand uses the Garuda ( Thai : ครุฑ, khrut ) as its national symbol , known as the Phra Khrut Pha , meaning "Garuda, the vehicle (of Vishnu)," also used as the symbol of royalty. It adorns the banknote of their currency - the Baht - as well. The Electronic Attack Squadron 134 ( VAQ-134 ) of
5103-421: The more recognizable symbols of the New Order period. In the upper left quarter, on a red background, is the head of the Javanese wild bull, the banteng . This represents the fourth principle of Pancasila , the principle of " Democracy that is Guided by the Inner Wisdom in the Unanimity Arising Out of Deliberations Amongst Representatives". The banteng was chosen to symbolize democracy as Indonesians saw it as
5184-572: The most famous statue of Garuda from ancient Java. Now the statue is one of the important collection of Trowulan Museum . Garuda appear in many traditions and stories, especially in Java and Bali . In many stories Garuda symbolises the virtue of knowledge, power, bravery, loyalty, and discipline. As the vehicle of Vishnu, Garuda also bears the attributes of Vishnu, which symbolise preservation of cosmic order. Balinese tradition venerated Garuda as "the lord of all flying creatures", and "the majestic king of birds". In Bali, Garuda traditionally portrayed as
5265-399: The mountainous forest regions of Java . The Javan hawk-eagle's resemblance to the Garuda Pancasila is most obvious with the prominent crest crowning its head and the plumage colored dark-brownish to chestnut-gold. By presidential decree, the Javan hawk-eagle was legally registered as the national bird of Indonesia, and thus attributing the endangered species very high protection. As for
5346-453: The name of Indonesian national airlines, Garuda Indonesia . After the Indonesian National Revolution ended and followed by the Dutch acknowledgement of the Indonesian independence in 1949, there was a need to create a national emblem of United States of Indonesia . On 10 January 1950 the Committee of State Seal was formed, under co-ordination of Sultan Hamid II of Pontianak as the State Minister of No Portfolio , with Muhammad Yamin as
5427-401: The national emblem as rallying symbol. The controversy also raised from pro-Prabowo musician Ahmad Dhani who campaigned through a music video that displays golden Garuda Pancasila — which looks like the German imperial eagle , in aesthetic imagery reminiscent of Nazi's style fascism. The red Garuda is again used as part of Prabowo's campaign for presidency in the 2019 election . The Garuda
5508-527: The national emblem, the Garuda symbolizes strength and power, while the gold color symbolizes greatness and glory. The feathers on the Garuda of the Indonesian coat-of-arms are arranged so that they invoke the date of 17 August 1945, the officially recognized Indonesian Day of Independence. The total number of feathers symbolizes the date of the proclamation of Indonesian independence : These numbers of feathers correspond to "17/8/1945" international date format for Indonesian Independence Day. Each section of
5589-522: The navel, scarlet from navel to neck, and black above the neck". His hands, recommends the text, should be in abhaya (nothing to fear) posture. In Sritatvanidhi text, the recommended iconography for Garuda is a kneeling figure, who wears one or more serpents, pointed bird-beak like nose, his two hands in namaste posture. This style is commonly found in Hindu temples dedicated to Vishnu. In some iconography, Garuda carries Vishnu and his two consorts by his side: Lakshmi and Bhumi . Garuda iconography
5670-399: The partially formed Aruna, looking radiant and reddish as the morning sun, but not as bright as the midday sun as he was promised to be. Aruna chided his mother Vinata for her impatience, and warned her to not break open the second egg, cursing her to be a slave until his brother rescued her. Aruna then left to become the charioteer of Surya, the sun god. Vinata waited, and after many years,
5751-453: The position, with three conditions: APRA troops have to be Indonesians, Westerling told him all the location and strength of APRA troops, and Hamid II want to know the funding of APRA. Westerling's Legion of the Just Ruler ( Angkatan Perang Ratu Adil ; APRA) comprised elements of the KNIL, the Regiment Special Forces, the Royal Netherlands Army and several Dutch nationals including two police inspectors. On 23 January 1950, APRA overwhelmed
5832-1137: The principle of "Social Justice for the Entire People of Indonesia". The rice and cotton represent sustenance and livelihood. The Mars Pancasila ( lit. ' Pancasila March ' ), colloquially and significantly better known by its incipit Garuda Pancasila , was composed by Sudharnoto as a patriotic song to commemorate the Indonesian struggle. Garuda Pancasila Akulah pendukungmu Patriot proklamasi Sedia berkorban untukmu O, Garuda Pancasila I am your supporter A patriot of Proclamation (I am) willing to sacrifice for you O, Garuda Pancasila A soldier for you, I am A vanguard of Proclamation, I stand I place my life and fortune in your hands Rwâneka dhâtu winuwus Buddha Wiswa, Bhinnêki rakwa ring apan kena parwanosen, Mangka ng Jinatwa kalawan Siwatatwa tunggal, Bhinnêka tunggal ika tan hana dharma mangrwa. Garuda Garuda ( Sanskrit : गरुड , romanized : Garuḍa ; Pali : गरुळ , romanized: Garuḷa ; Vedic Sanskrit : गरुळ , IAST : Garuḷa )
5913-535: The second egg hatched and Garuda was born. After losing a bet to Kadru through trickery, Vinata was forced to become her slave. Garuda later asked his brothers to free his mother from her slavery, to which they demanded Amrita from heaven. Garuda waged a war against gods with his extraordinary might and abilities, and defeated all of them, including Indra . He then took Indra's nectar vessel and flew back to earth. Vishnu then came to Garuda, and asked him to be his ride, to which he agreed. Indra requested that Garuda not give
5994-410: The secular ideology of socialism as well. This tenet of Pancasila has been criticized, for it suggests compulsory religious belief as well as compulsory monotheism . Supporters of Sukarno's legacy, however, believe that this tenet was meant to unify Indonesia's population who have diverse beliefs and faiths from every part of the country (the star being a prominent symbol used by these faiths). In
6075-456: The shield has a symbol corresponding to the Pancasila principles laid down by its founder, President Sukarno . The numbers of some elements in these symbols might evokes certain numbers, such as 17 and 5 which represents the date of independence and the number of principles in Pancasila, respectively. The escutcheon (in heraldic terms ) or shield is a martial symbol, representing the defense of
6156-733: The small RUSI garrison and occupied parts of Bandung until they were driven away by reinforcements under Major General Engels. On 26 January 1950, elements of Westerling's forces infiltrated Jakarta as part of a coup d'état to overthrow the RUSI Cabinet. They also planned to assassinate several prominent Republican figures including the Defense Minister Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX , Secretary-General Ali Budiardjo, and APRIS Chief of Staff, TB Simatupang . To hide his involvement, Hamid II would then received gunshot on his leg. Later Hamid II would ask Soekarno and Muhammad Hatta for
6237-764: Was also a colonel in the Royal Dutch East Indies Army and designed the Indonesian national emblem — Garuda Pancasila . Until the age of 12, Hamid was raised by Scottish foster-mother Salome Catherine Fox and fellow British expatriate Edith Maud Curteis. Salome Fox was the sister of the head of a British trading firm based in Singapore. Under their tutelage, Hamid became fluent in English in addition to his native, Malay ( standard Indonesian as well as his local Pontianak dialect ). In 1933, Miss Fox died but he still remained in touch with her companion Curteis. Syarif
6318-407: Was designed by Sultan Hamid II from Pontianak , supervised by Sukarno , and was adopted as the national emblem on 11 February 1950. Garuda , the discipled carrier or vehicle ( vahana ) of the Hindu god Vishnu , appears in many ancient Hindu - Buddhist temples of ancient Indonesia. Temples such as Mendut , Borobudur , Sajiwan , Prambanan , Kidal , Penataran , Belahan, and Sukuh depict
6399-645: Was educated at several Europeesche Lagere School (European Primary Schools) in Sukabumi , Pontianak , Yogyakarta and Bandung . He studied for one year at a Hogere Burgerschool (Senior High School) in Bandung but did not graduate from THS Bandung. Syarif completed his studies at the Koninklijke Militaire Academie in Breda , Holland; graduating as a lieutenant in the Royal Dutch East Indies Army . Following
6480-2228: Was raised by two British nationals — Salome Catherine Fox and Edith Maud Curteis. Syarif Sultan Abdul Hamid Alkadrie was a Ba 'Alawi Sayyid and his lineage is recorded as follows: He is Abd al-Hamid al-Qadri bin Muhammad, bin Yusuf, bin Hamid, bin Uthman, bin Abd al-Rahman , bin Husayn, bin Ahmad, bin Husayn, bin Muhammad al-Qadri, bin Salim, bin Abd Allah, bin Muhammad, bin Salim, bin Ahmad, bin Abd al-Rahman, bin Ali, bin Muhammad Jamal al-Layl, bin Hasan, bin Muhammad Asad Allah, bin Hasan al-Turabi, bin Ali, bin Muhammad al-Faqih al-Muqaddam , bin Ali, bin Muhammad Sahib al-Mirbat, bin Ali Khali Qasam, bin Alawi al-Thani, bin Muhammad Sahib al-Sawma'ah, bin Alawi al-Awwal, bin Ubayd Allah, bin Ahmad al-Muhajir , bin Isa al-Rumi, bin Muhammad al-Naqib, bin Ali al-Uraydi , bin Ja'far al-Sadiq , bin Muhammad al-Baqir , bin Ali Zayn al-Abidin , bin Husayn , bin Ali bin Abi Talib and Fatimah al-Zahra ,
6561-680: Was short-lived due to conflicting differences between the Republicans and the Federalists as well as growing popular support for a unitary state . Hamid II would subsequently conspire with the former KNIL Captain Raymond Westerling to organise an anti-Republican coup in Bandung and Jakarta . On 22 December 1949, Westerling offered the leadership of APRA to Hamid II, this was initially rejected. Although, on 10 January 1950, Hamid II would agree to
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