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92-471: Garre are also classified into three major entities of the same lineage but greatly recognized for their unique linguistics characteristics which are widely believed to have developed after their wide dispersal around the Horn of Afric a, Garre Libin are speakers of Oromo whom it is believed they had a long time interaction and intermixing as nomads in southern Ethiopia and Northern Kenya. Garre Marre are found around

184-481: A Protectorate Advisory Council was established on a tribal basis, with representatives of other communities and official members as well. In 1957, a Legislative Council and an Executive Council were created. From 1959, there were elections to the Legislative Council. A new constitution was introduced in 1960, shortly before independence. In 1991, after a bloody civil war for independence in the northern part of

276-465: A conclusion that another expedition against him would be useless; that they must build a railway, make roads and effectively occupy the whole of the protectorate, or else abandon the interior. The latter course was decided upon and during the first months of 1945, the advance posts were withdrawn and the British administration confined to the coast town of Berbera . Sheikh Bashir settled many disputes among

368-682: A dependency of the Government of India. From 1898 it was under the purview of the Foreign Office , and from 1905 onward (with the exception of a period of military administration until 1948 following the Italian invasion) it was administered by the Colonial Office . Until 1957, executive and legislative power were solely vested in the Governor, although he had a non-statutory council to advise him. In 1947,

460-435: A distinctive dress. It was based on the standard British Army khaki drill but included a knitted woollen pullover and drill patches on the shoulders. Shorts were worn with woollen socks on puttees and "chaplis", boots or bare feet. Equipment consisted of leather ammunition bandolier and a leather waist belt. The officers wore pith helmets and khaki drill uniforms. Other ranks wore a "kullah" with " puggree " which ended in

552-455: A fort and took up a defensive position in anticipation of a British counterattack. The British campaign against Sheikh Hamza troops proved abortive after several defeats as his forces kept on the move. No sooner had the expedition left the area, than the news travelled fast among the Somali nomads across the plain. The war had exposed the British administration to humiliation. The government came to

644-538: A long tail which hung down the back. A "chaplis" is typically a colourful sandal. A "kullah" is a type of cap. A "puggree" is typically a strip of cloth wound around the upper portion of a hat or helmet, particularly a pith helmet, and falling down from behind to act as a shade for the back of the neck. Following the defeat of the Dervish resistance, the two fundamental goals of British policy in British Somaliland were

736-477: A police force, and eventually on 7 July found Sheikh Bashir and his unit in defensive positions behind their fortifications in the mountains of Bur Dhab. After clashes Sheikh Bashir and his second-in-command, Alin Yusuf Ali, nicknamed Qaybdiid, were killed. A third rebel was wounded and was captured along with two other rebels. The rest fled the fortifications and dispersed. On the British side the police general leading

828-513: A substantial number of people armed with rifles and spears and staged a revolt. The British authorities responded rapidly and severely, sending reinforcements to the town and opening fire on the armed mobs in two "local actions" as well as arresting minor religious leaders in the town. The British administration recruited Indian and South African troops, led by police general James David, to fight against Sheikh Bashir and had intelligence plans to capture him alive. The British authorities mobilized

920-532: A supply market, check the traffic in slaves, and to exclude the interference of foreign powers." The British principally viewed the protectorate as a source for supplies of meat for their British Indian outpost in Aden through the maintenance of order in the coastal areas and protection of the caravan routes from the interior. Hence, the region's nickname of "Aden's butcher's shop". Colonial administration during this period did not extend administrative infrastructure beyond

1012-635: Is 13.5 km from the Indian Ocean (point of minimum distance, near Merca). Between the plain and the sea, however, there are sand dunes that are partly movable and rise in height up to 100–130 meters above sea level by preventing the river flowing into the Indian Ocean and forcing it to get to the Jubba river: there the Shebelle river flows only in the rainy periods because normally the water disperses before reaching

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1104-498: Is looked on as a tribal headquarter and is the burying place of the chiefs. According to the legend, The first Garre ancestor, Aw Mohamed, crossed the Gulf of Aden into present day Somalia in 652AD. He was an Islamic scholar and a preacher. Because he was bearded, the Somalis named him "Garrow" or "Gardheer" . He married a Hawiye woman who sired two boys and a girl. The first-born was Tuff and

1196-529: Is something joined together) and the structure is not based on blood relationship, that is why you will find Garre is closely affiliated with Tunni and Jiido of the Lower Jubba Valley. Arabs , who inhabited the Kismayu coast and islands parallel to the coast about 1660A.D, and to whom local tombs and ruins are attributed, exerted considerable influence on the formation of the present-day characteristics of

1288-663: Is soo-called Boon Garre at the Afmadu , other Boon Garre at Gelib near the mouth of the River Jubba . The majority crossing the Juba but a small party from the Killia, Bana and Birkaya [Sections].. turned aside at the Juba to make for the coast between Kismayu and Lamu , where they settled with the Bajun Garre exerted considerable influence on the formation of the present-day characteristics of

1380-457: Is traced exclusively in the male line through their father's paternal genealogy (abtirsiinyo: literally “counting ancestors,” in Somali). Children, at an early age, are taught to recite all their paternal ancestors up to the clan ancestor and beyond that the ancestor of their “clan-family.”. Somali clans are grouped into clan bonds or clan alliances formed to safeguard the mutual interests and protect

1472-657: The Afmadu , other Boon Garre at Gelib near the mouth of the River Jubba and still others on the RIver Tana who spoke not the dialect of their Darood neighbours rather the southern Somali dialect of the Rahanweyn speech variety because they had lived in Rahaweyn speaking area between the Jubba and Shebelle rivers, and yet other who lived around Baardhere kept their own original Somali like language ( Garreh Kofar-Af maahaw ). In

1564-712: The Bajuni were also routed by the Somali Garre whom the Bajuni claims as ancestors- perhaps they were at one time Garre clients. Support for such a thesis was mainly based on the fact that the Garre group is the most widely dispersed among the Somali clans. The Garre are a tribe of Somali origin who entering the country from the East, extended up the right bank of the Dawa as far as Galgala . This place

1656-481: The Bajuni whom the Bajuni -Katwa claims them as their ancestors and perhaps were at one time Garre clients. The Garre tribe has had several dynasties throughout their history. Most of their dynasties involved often cooperation and completeness with other tribes, leading to a complex and dynamic political landscape. One of the most notable dynasties was the Ajuuraan sultanate , which ruled parts of southern Somalia from

1748-629: The Barava-Bajun region, the NFD of Kenya, and Bale province in Ethiopia before the Boorana and Warday Oromo . Garre also founded cities like Barawe , and Kismaayo Garre, the word Gar is derived from the Somali language, it means the strong rope that is used to tie a camel and used for transporting, i.e. the camel train . Gar, "Garrow" means also in the Somali language bearded man. Gar means just (Fairness) in

1840-496: The Digil are the Geledi , Shanta Aleen, Bagadi, and Garre, among others. Garre are known for their large and majestic camels among the Somalis. Despite the heavy emphasis on camel husbandry the production system of the Garre includes important cattle and crop components. It is thus an example of a maximally diversified agro-pastoral system entailing very complex household strategies.Thus,

1932-558: The Hawiya . Their traditions show them to have preceded the Hawiya in the general expansions of the Northern Somali towards the south. For these reasons Colluci has coined the term 'Pre-Hawiya' to distinguish them from the Hawiya to whom they are closely related. The term "Pre-Hawiye", invented by Colluci, is used to describe any clan that is descended from one of the brothers of irir son of Samaale . . They also seen as quasi-ancestors of

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2024-556: The Hawiye than to the Dir . The largest pre-Hawiye clans are the Garre, Hawdle , Degodia , Galjaal and the Garre are the most ancient of all the pre-Hawiya clans. They occupied most of southern Somalia before the arrival of the Digil / Rahaweyn confederacy. Also, Bale province and Kenya's N.F.D . was inhabited by the Garre before the Oromo Boran and Warday entered the region. According to

2116-619: The Jubba Basin the eighteenth century and probably much earlier. They are classified as true nomads along with Galjeel for they moved inter-riverine region seasonally, often with large herds of camels. The young camel-herders of these groups are known for their distinctive Afro-style hair-do called in Somali guud . Majority of Garre camel owners have been integrated into commercial camel milk trade supplying Mogadishu.While most pastoral producers in Africa have become petty commodity producers linked to

2208-599: The Maay dialect which is one of the oldest Somali language. It also means "my home" in Harla language. According to Cruciani et al. (2007) and the Y-DNA analysis by Hirbo, around 75% of Garre carry the paternal E-M78 E-V-12 haplogroup, which likely originated in Northern Africa . The Garre are the highest carriers of the haplo-group E-V12. This genetically proves that Garre are one of

2300-590: The Somaliland Protectorate ( Somali : Maxmiyadda Dhulka Soomaalida ), was a protectorate of the United Kingdom in modern Somaliland . During its existence, the territory was bordered by Italian Somalia , French Somali Coast and Abyssinia (temporarily Italian Ethiopia ). From 1940 to 1941, it was occupied by the Italians and was part of Italian East Africa . On 26 June 1960, British Somaliland

2392-485: The successor state to British Somaliland. In the late 19th century, the United Kingdom signed agreements with the Gadabuursi , Issa , Habr Awal , Garhajis , Arap , Habr Je'lo and Warsangeli clans establishing a protectorate. Many of these clans had signed the protection treaties with the British in response to Ethiopian Emperor Menelik's Invasions . The agreements dictated the protection of Somali rights and

2484-595: The 110-man Constabulary unit, including the British commander, Colonel Richard Corfield . In 1914, the British created the Somaliland Camel Corps to assist in maintaining order in British Somaliland. In 1920, the British launched their fifth and final expedition against Hassan and his followers. Employing the then-new technology of military aircraft, the British finally managed to quell Hassan's twenty-year-long struggle. The British tricked Hassan into preparing for an official visit, then launched bombing raids in

2576-535: The 13th to the 17th century. The Garre tribe was one of the clans that formed the backbone of the Ajuran Sultanate's military and the economic power. They played a key role in the sultanate's economic success. They were known for their long-distance network that extended from Kismayo to luuq to modern day mooyale . Another significant dynasty was the Geledi Sultanate , which ruled parts of southern Somalia from

2668-616: The 16th century, by author: Shihabudin Ahmad bin Abd al-Qadir 'Arab Faqih or Arab Faqih . It is recorded that the Imam Mataan Bin Uthmaan Bin Khalid As-Somali - He was a Garre-Sultan who headed the Somali tribe during the invasion of Abyssinia by Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi . The Pre-Hawiye , a much-reduced tribal-family, trace descent from an ancestor collateral to Irir , and are accordingly genealogically anterior to

2760-514: The 18th century during the Gobroon dynasty Garre evolved a high degree of bilingualism when they controlled trade from Luuq to Boranaland, the language of trade was Oromo language , and also when they interacted with Borana and other neighbouring community who spoke the language. The Garre are also mentioned in the Futuh Al Habasha ;: Conquest of Abyssinia as source dating back as far as

2852-556: The Bajun in the 1920s remain in many respects the fullest and most useful, is emphatic that the Bajun Katwa were, in origin, Garre( Gerra, Gurreh). This alternative is corrobated by a historical tradition of the Garre themselves. An unpublished Garre tradition collected at Mandera c.1930 by Pease, a British colonial administrator, touches on the Garre-Katwa link. After the great Garre migration

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2944-482: The Boran became peculiar. They were divided up among different sub-tribes of the boran, and given the name of the sub-tribes to which they were attached. They lost all their national pride, and were only too glad to be able to call themselves "Boran" for the sake of protection. Gabra migo often live in the same settlement with the boran, but have their own separate zarebas. They do not intermarry with Borana nor have they adopted

3036-588: The Borana Kings. There seems to be no doubt that from El-Wak eastwards neither the Garre nor any other of the tribes have ever had any such relations with the Borana El Wak is from report the most important place between the Ganale River and the Boran country. Besides the Garre, who were the most numerous, there also other Somali tribe who overlap each other and intermix freely i.e. marehan, murulle etc. After

3128-577: The British as the "Mad Mullah". Repeated military expeditions were unsuccessfully launched against Hassan and his Dervishes before World War I . On 9 August 1913, the Somaliland Camel Constabulary suffered a serious defeat at the Battle of Dul Madoba at the hands of the Dervishes. Hassan had already evaded several attempts to capture him. At Dul Madoba, his forces killed or wounded 57 members of

3220-508: The British troops as well as a number of Indian and South African troops perished in the clashes, and a policeman was injured. Despite the death of Sheikh Hamza and his followers resistance against British authorities continued in Somaliland, especially in Erigavo where his death stirred further resistance in the town and the town of Badhan and lead to attacks on British colonial troops throughout

3312-473: The Garre ( Gurra ) but are kept separate from those of the Somali. The Garre ( Gurra ) of this region have traditions similar to those of the other Garre groups and consider themselves Somali rather than Galla. Garre traditions generally recount movement southwards from the North-west corner of British Somaliland. As a whole, the Garre are nomadic pastoralists with large numbers of camels, sheep, goats and where

3404-438: The Garre are divided into two major clans, Garre-Tuuf who are associated with the 'Pre-Hawiye' group ( Gardhere - Saransoor- Yahabur - Mayle ) this was due to the fruit of nomadic life, the necessity of defense, the movement of new territory necessitated by a constant search for pasture and water have resulted over formation of new alliances and later, new clan identities. This show's indeed the Somali saying "tol waa tolane'' (clan

3496-454: The Garre differ both from the northern and central Somali and the agro-pastoralists of the Bay region; from the former by their agro-pastoralism, from the latter by their heavier emphasis on camels, their higher mobility and a segmentary agnatic organisation closer to the northern clan families. The Garre were renowned as breeders of burden camels, they supplied the Somalis and Oromos caravaneers of

3588-459: The Garre originated from the Hawiye Somali, and came long ago from Merka on the coast, north-east of Kismayu The Garre used to trade with the Boran, receiving cattle and ivory in exchange for cloth. The boranas are not traders, and do not leave their country unless they are frightened, although no tribute was paid by the Garre to the Boran, the western Garre chief used exchanged presents with

3680-470: The Garre that inhabit the southern Ethiopia there ancestors originally came from Merca , on the Somali coast. Evidence for this comes from the fact that Garre tribesmen are found on the islands of Bajun , just off the Southern Somalia coast, and they are also found in the strength near Merca . Examination of ancient Muslim graves found in the Garre country were found to be identical to those found in

3772-637: The Garre traded products from the southern Ethiopia to the Bajun Islands and Merca , while the Gurgura brought goods from the Hawash region to Zeila . Gerald Hanleys's description of the Somalis is extremely accurate. During the Second World War Hanley was in charge of Somali troops. His description of Mohamed, a Garre from El Wak, is fascinating: " The Garre are even harder, fierce, more emotional than

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3864-598: The Garre, Hawadle , Degodia , Galjaal .The Hawadle live north of the river Shebelle , adjacent to the Marehan Darod and just north of the Abgaal Hawiye . The Galjaal live next to the Hawadle , they are also found further south near the River Jubba . The Degodia inhabit northern Kenya and southern Ethiopia. The Garre are the most important tribe of the pre-Hawiye family. They occur in four large autonomous groups: on

3956-531: The Hawiye clan. Garre pre-Hawiye group was the first group to occupy the land between the Jubba and Tana Rivers prior to the Oromo. The term pre-Hawiye is useful since there is no Somali equivalent; the Somali people divide the ancient Somalis into the Dir and Hawiya - ( The Dir are universally regarded as being the oldest Somali stock ), thus the pre-Hawiya Garre, for example, regard themselves as more closely related to

4048-565: The Italian builders, according to Gaetano De Angelis: Construction began in January 1926 and despite the difficulties mentioned, ended in October of the same year. The inauguration took place on October 28, 1926 (anniversary of Fascism in Italy) and was christened by the countess Rina De Vecchi of Val Cismon, to whom the workers made homage of the model of the dam. Actually for some experts (like Tripodi )

4140-446: The Jubba, forming swampy areas. Until a few years before the intervention in this stretch of plain, although composed of fertile land, there were mainly shrubs and bushes of various tree species. Furthermore, mainly along the banks of the river, there were small groups of huts and little land cultivated by the natives. In periods of peak demand of water for irrigation, the flow of the river was over 100 m per second; therefore - if

4232-590: The North-Western Somalia; A.I. Curle made the following observation in 1933: ...around the mosque oat Au Bakadleh in the Hargeisa District of the British Somaliland, there are many graves of this type, exact replicas of those on the Dawa some found some 500 miles distance in the Garre country. The History of the Garre appears to be similar to that of the Gurgura . Both of these tribes were involved with trades;

4324-707: The Somalis( to whom they are related through the Hawiya tribal group), but this lad, Mohamed, was like a quivering black harp which burst into flames during emotional stress. He turned out to be the most savage, hysterical, loyal and dangerous human being i ever had with me in the bush. If he felt rage he acted upon it at once, with a knife, or with his nails and teeth, if he felt generous he gave everything away in sight, most of it your" The pre-hawiye tribe comprises seven families excluding Irir:- Gardhere , Garjante, Yahabur, Meyle, Magarre, Hariire, Karuure. The largest pre-Hawiye clans are

4416-424: The Trust Territory of Somaliland to create the Somali Republic . On 1 July 1960 the legislature elected Haji Bashir , the old speaker of the Somaliland Assembly, as the first President of the new Republic of Somalia National Assembly, and also on that same day Aden Adde was elected as the President of the newly formed Somali Republic. Until 1898, Somaliland was administered by the British resident at Aden as

4508-451: The ancient and the oldest Somali clan. For instance, the TMRCA of Harti is 800yrs, the Hawiye are 2100-3100yrs but the Garre are 4500yrs. They are classified as Proto-Somali . The haplogroup E-m78 EV12* is progenitors of E-v32 which is highest frequencies in Somalis and Borana and Ev-22 which is Saho and Afar . The Garre are of Somali origin being descendants of Samaale tracing their lineage to Garedheere , sons of Samaale .

4600-427: The area south of the Shabelle River. The name is not pronounced " Rahanweyn " as traditionally suggested, but "Reewin". It is a compound name which can be divided into ree =reer=Family; " win = weyn =old" "the old family". This definition of the name Reewin might indicate that Reewin (Digil and Mirifle) might have once been the first Somali speaking group that established itself in what is today modern Somalia, whence

4692-423: The authorities seized and impounded a total of 6,000 camels owned by the Habr Je'lo , the clan that Sheikh Bashir belonged to. The British authorities made the return of the livestock dependent on the turning over and arrest of the escaped rebels. The remaining rebels were subsequently found and arrested, and transported to the Saad-ud-Din archipelago , off the coast of Zeila in northwestern Somaliland. In 1947,

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4784-479: The availability of grazing land. If water or grazing land becomes scarce, the families pack up their portable huts and move across the desert as a single, extended family unit. The Garre are quite loyal to one another, spreading evenly across the land to make sure that everyone has enough water and pasture for his herds. Just like other Somalis, Garre receive their fundamental social and political identity at birth through membership of their father's clan. Clan identity

4876-410: The cities of Burao and Erigavo in the former British Somaliland protectorate against British authorities in July 1945 led by Sheikh Bashir , a Somali religious leader belonging to the Yeesif sub-division. On 2 July, Sheikh Hamza collected 25 of his followers in the town of Wadamago and transported them on a lorry to the vicinity of Burao , where he distributed arms to half of his followers. On

4968-425: The city of Taleh where most of his troops were stationed, causing the mullah to retreat into the desert. Hassan and his Dervish supporters fled to the Ogaden, where Hassan died in 1921. The Somaliland Camel Corps , also referred to as the Somali Camel Corps, was a unit of the British Army based in British Somaliland. It lasted from the early 20th century until 1944. The troopers of the Somaliland Camel Corps had

5060-402: The coast, and contrasted with the more interventionist colonial experience of Italian Somalia . Beginning in 1899, the British were forced to expend considerable human and military capital to contain a decades-long resistance movement mounted by the Dervish resistance movement. The movement was led by Sayyid Mohammed Abdullah Hassan , a Somali religious leader referred to colloquially by

5152-414: The dam subtracted from that amount the flow rate of 40 m /s necessary to irrigate 25-30,000 hectares of land, that were supposed to be the area of agricultural concessions - this fact did not let dry the Shebelle river. The water flow of the river went down below 40 m /s only during periods when irrigation did not appear necessary (from January to March). For this reason, the dam was not built with

5244-448: The district and the seizing of arms from the rural constabulary. The British authorities was not finished with the rebels even after most of them had died and continued its counter-insurgency campaign. The authorities had quickly learned the names and identities of all the followers of Sheikh Bashir and tried to convince the locals to turn them in. When they refused, the authorities invoked the Collective Punishment Ordinance , under which

5336-432: The entire budget for the administration of the British Somaliland protectorate was only £213,139. In May 1960, the British Government stated that it would be prepared to grant independence to the then Somaliland protectorate. The Legislative Council of British Somaliland passed a resolution in April 1960 requesting independence. The legislative councils of the territory agreed to this proposal. In April 1960, leaders of

5428-454: The evening of 3 July the group entered Burao and opened fire on the police guard of the central prison in the city, which was filled with prisoners arrested for previous demonstrations. The group also attacked the house of the district commissioner of Burao District , Major Chambers, resulting in the death of Major Chamber's police guard before escaping to Bur Dhab, a strategic mountain south-east of Burao, where Sheikh Bashir's small unit occupied

5520-404: The exodus of many of their number, came under the influence of the boran. These are the Gabra Miggo generally "Gabra" and sometime "Gabra Gelli", Gabra in the Boran language signifies "slave" Gelli "Camel". The Garre were the descendants of the Muslim who drove back the boran to the west, but unlike their brethren who have become the Gabra migo, they remained in the country they had occupied in

5612-498: The family making about 40% of Somali population. The Rahaweyn consists no so much of groups that derive from preceding groups in an extensive hierarchy of segmentation, as simply of large collateral coalitions. The name " Rahaweyn " ( "large crowds") is itself suggestive of federation. The Sab , who number about a quarter millions are found in Somalia south of the Hawiya , mainly along the Juba river . They are segmented into three families: The Digil , Rahaweyn and Tunni of which

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5704-433: The habitat is suitable, they settle and domesticate their cattle. The Proto-Reewin group were probably the first Cushitic group to enter what is the southern part of modern-day Somalia, around the end of the second century B.C.. The Proto-Reewin, the ancestors of the modern Reewin families (Digil and Mirifle), occupy a unique position both linguistically and culturally in the historical development, migration and settlement in

5796-400: The herds, making decisions dealing with migration, and trading. The women are in charge of domestic duties, such as preparing the meals, milking the animals, caring for the children, and actually building the home. Like other nomads, the Garre scorn those who work with their hands, considering craftsmen a part of the lower class. The moving patterns of Garre nomads are dependent upon climate and

5888-420: The herds. The wealth of most Garre is in their herds. Although the husband remains the legal owner of the herd, his wife controls part of it. Garre villages consist of several related families. Their huts are arranged in a circle or semi-circle surrounding the cattle pens. Villages are enclosed by thorn-shrub hedges to provide protection from intruders or wild animals. The men's responsibilities include caring for

5980-429: The intrinsic importance (though fairly innovative by the 1920s, being built with reinforced concrete ) but especially for the difficulties in the realization and for the great improvements for the social and economic life of the area. The dam also improved the image of colonial Italy in the world. Regarding the construction difficulties, the following are only the most significant among those that had to be overcome by

6072-461: The invasion from the east, into the most eastern Boran by garre, later after some period they commenced to withdraw eastwards, but not en masse. Those who penetrated furthest west, weakened by the exodus of many of their number, came under the influence of the boran. These are the Gabra Miggo generally "Gabra" and sometime "Gabra Gelli", Gabra in the Boran language signifies "slave" Gelli "Camel". They stayed to become borana clients The relations to

6164-464: The last two are numerically the most important. The Rahaweyn and Tunni derive from the Digil who although have been superseded in strength still survive as a small independent confederacy. The Garre joined Rahaweyn constituent sub-clans of Digil , forming a part of the Rahaweyn confederation of clans. known as "Toddobaadi aw Digil" The Boran say that long ago they all lived in Liban . The head-quarters of their Kings and their religion (Wak)

6256-552: The late 18th to the late 19th century, centered around the town of Afgooye, located west of Mogadishu.The Garre people were one of the clans that inhabited the region around the Geledi Sultanate, and they played a significant role in the sultanate's military and economic power.The Garre people were known for their bravery and fighting skills, and they served as soldiers and commanders in the Geledi army. They also participated in long-distance trade networks that extended to Arabia, India, and other parts of Africa i.e. Ethiopia, contributing to

6348-436: The latter's customs or religion although they retain very little of their own. The Boran gave them protection, and helped themselves to their loading camels, but left them their milk camels to live upon. The boran exacted little, if any, manual labour from them. Gabra are is divided into Malba and Miigo. They are both the children of Weytaan Derraawe Fukaashe Quranyow Garre Addow. J.A.G. Elliot, whose traditions collected among

6440-525: The lower reaches of the Shebelle in Audegle District around Dolo on the upper jubba , between the Webi Gestro and the Webi Mana in contact and to some extent intermixed with the Arsi Oromo , and to the south-west between the Ajuran and Degodia Somali and the Boran Galla of the Northern Frontier Province of Kenya. The northernmost group adjacent to the Arsi Oromo have acquired some features of Borana Oromo culture; Galla and Somali are both spoken. Arsi Oromo villages are intermixed with those of

6532-417: The main road to Berbera, but were dislodged from their positions and retreated after losing the Battle of Tug Argan . During this period, the British rounded up soldiers and governmental officials to evacuate them from the territory through Berbera. In total, 7,000 people, including civilians, were evacuated. The Somalis serving in the Somaliland Camel Corps were given the choice of evacuation or disbandment;

6624-429: The maintenance of independence. The British garrisoned the protectorate from Aden and administered it from their British India colony until 1898. British Somaliland was then administered by the Foreign Office until 1905 and afterwards by the Colonial Office . Generally, the British did not have much interest in the resource-barren region. The stated purposes of the establishment of the protectorate were to "secure

6716-621: The major Ganale Doria and Dawa basins in Southern Ethiopia and are identified by their unique dialect derived from the Rahanweyn (Digil and Mirifle) communities whom they interacted and settled with in permanent agrarian settlements along Ganale Doria and River Jubba. The third component of Garre which is believed to be the bearers of the original Garre language are identified as Garre Konfuur due to their dominant settlement in South Central Somalia. The Garre Somalis colonised

6808-515: The majority chose to remain and were allowed to retain their arms. In March 1941, after a six-month Italian occupation, British forces recaptured the protectorate during Operation Appearance . The final remnants of the Italian guerrilla movement discontinued all resistance in British Somaliland by the autumn of 1943. The 1945 Sheikh Bashir Rebellion was an uprising by tribesmen of the Habr Je'lo clan in

6900-759: The members of these alliances, of which Garre lies here under Hawiye with the Abgaal , Habargedir , Hawadle , Mursade, Rahwein , Murule , Ajuran , and among many others sub-clans. On the other hand, the Dir , largely in Somaliland , mix well with the Isaaq , the Garre and the Degodia , with closer sub-clans being the Biyamal, Gadsan, and Werdai among others. The sub-clans closer to the Isaaq include Habar Awa l, Habar Jalo , Habar Yunis , Edigale, and Ayub among others while those closer to

6992-417: The national markets, their integration has usually been through the market for animals (or meat) rather than milk. The nomadic Garre also took part in trade as caravaneers , they had the reputation of being the most honest at the work. They were able to also profit by the trade which passed by their settlement. Ganale Doria Ganale Doria is a dam located near Genale on the river Shabelle . It

7084-607: The pastoral economy and settle in urban areas. Customs taxes also helped pay for British India's patrol of Somalia's Red Sea Coast. Among military units in British Somaliland during the interwar period was a battalion of the Indian Army 4th Bombay Grenadiers . In August 1940, during the East African campaign in World War II , British Somaliland was invaded by Italy. The few British forces that were present attempted to defend

7176-412: The preservation of stability and the economic self-sufficiency of the protectorate. The second goal remained particularly elusive because of local resistance to taxation that might have been used to support the protectorate's administration. By the 1930s, the British presence had extended to other parts of British Somaliland. Growth in commercial trade motivated some livestock herders to subsequently leave

7268-450: The question arises how it all could get to the end in such a short time and without major incidents: no loss of life happened. Fascist propaganda pinpointed that the dam was done without enhancing the distinction of class or color - although the work was done in very difficult conditions. The Shebelle ("river of leopards" in Somali ), in the area of Genale where the dam was built, flows in a vast plain between 65–70 meters above sea level and

7360-477: The rest of the Somali clans diverged slowly and through time developed their distinct northern dialect. But since the northern Somalis were separated from the Reewin-speaking people for at least 1500 years, their language might have undergone a mutation process Rahanweyn tribes are aggregates of many diverse clan attached to a small original nucleus of Rahanwein, who form the dominant eponymous clan and provide

7452-405: The second born Qur'an, and the daughter was named Makka. Garre traditions generally recount movement southwards from the North-west corner of British Somaliland . The scattering of Garre is also supported by the small remnants they supposedly left along the routes they took in their migration.The great Garre migration occurred after the fall of Ajuuraan empire. This is soo-called Boon Garre at

7544-460: The skeletal framework in each tribe. In many cases, however, this type of organization, dependent for its structure on a dominant clan, is superseded by a system of territorial groups whose political relations are not expressed genealogically. In the Rahawein family itself there are only three orders of segmentations between the group-name and ancestor Rahawein, and the individual tribes which constitute

7636-474: The sufficient numbers to maintain their independence. Previous to the abyssinian occupation of the Boran country, the most westerly section of the Garre used at times to fight the Boran; both sides claim to have been the stronger. The chief of the Garre from muddo westwards is Ali Abdi, who is looked upon by all the Garre people as far as the Ganale as the greatest Mullah and chief of the tribe. Ali Abdi stated that

7728-795: The sultanate's economic success. The Garre tribe is mentioned in "Futuh Al-Habasha: The Conquest of Abyssinia" (also known as "Futuh Al-Habasa"), which is an historical account of the Ethiopian-Adal war that occurred in the 16th century. The Garre people, along with other Somali clans such as the Issa and the Dir, are mentioned as having supported the Adal Sultanate in its conflict with the Ethiopian empire. The author of "Futuh Al-Habasha," Shihab al-Din Ahmad ibn Abd al-Qadir al-Fatati, describes Sultan Mataan Cismaan Khalid

7820-428: The task of accumulation of water but was to serve as a weir or "intake structure" - to send water toward the distribution channels - to a level quota to allow the water to reach the whole area. The water channeling - for an initial length of 45 km, that later reached 80 km - is separated upstream of the dam, redistributing into two basic channels: British Somaliland British Somaliland , officially

7912-416: The tribes in the vicinity, which kept them from raiding each other. He was generally thought to settle disputes through the use of Islamic Sharia and gathered around him a strong following. Sheikh Bashir sent a message to religious figures in the town of Erigavo and called on them to revolt and join the rebellion he led. The religious leaders as well as the people of Erigavo heeded his call, and mobilized

8004-536: The two territories met in Mogadishu and agreed to form a unitary state. An elected president was to be head of state. Full executive powers would be held by a prime minister answerable to an elected National Assembly of 123 members representing the two territories. On 26 June 1960, the British Somaliland protectorate gained independence as the State of Somaliland . Five days later on 1 July 1960 Somaliland officially merged with

8096-550: Was a powerful warrior from the Garreh, Girreh tribe. He had 3000 men under his command and 500+ horsemen. He provided valuable military support to the Adal forces, including cavalry and archers. Most Garre are nomadic herdsmen, seasonally migrating with their camels, sheep, and goats. They live in portable huts made of bent saplings covered with animal skins or woven mats. Their collapsible tents can easily be loaded on pack animals and moved with

8188-459: Was an invasion from the east, into the most eastern Boran country, by Muslim of Somali origin. These people were camel owners, whereas the Boran are essentially cattle herds. The Muslim drove back the Boran to the West and occupied the country probably up to about latitude 39°30'. After an unknown period they commenced to withdraw eastwards, but not en masse. Those who penetrated furthest west, weakened by

8280-459: Was built in the south of Somalia in the 1920s along with an extensive network of canals. The dam (called originally Dam of Genale Doria ) was strongly promoted by Cesare Maria De Vecchi - Italian governor of Italian Somalia from 1924 to 1928 - in order to provide water for irrigation of a vast territory between Genale , Merca and Vittorio di Africa , to be given in concession to colonists. The Genale Dam should be remembered not so much for

8372-649: Was formally granted independence by the United Kingdom as the State of Somaliland . Five days later, on 1 July 1960, the State of Somaliland voluntarily united with the Trust Territory of Somalia (the former Italian Somalia ) to form the Somali Republic . The government of Somaliland , an unrecognised independent state that is internationally recognised as an autonomous region of Somalia , regards itself as

8464-626: Was near Darar , which is still a great religious centre. Many years ago a number of them made an invasion to the south-west, across the Dawa River , into which the country was occupied by the Wardey , who were a "suffara" ( Somali ) tribe. The Wardey were driven out and went south-east towards Aji between Wajir and Kismayu . The Invader settled in the conquered country, spread and penetrated south as far as wajir . The true Boran countries are, however Liban and Dirri . Many years after these event there

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