Othala ( ᛟ ), also known as ēðel and odal , is a rune that represents the o and œ phonemes in the Elder Futhark and the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc writing systems respectively. Its name is derived from the reconstructed Proto-Germanic * ōþala- "heritage; inheritance, inherited estate". As it does not occur in Younger Futhark , it disappears from the Scandinavian record around the 8th century, however its usage continued in England into the 11th century, where it was sometimes further used in manuscripts as a shorthand for the word ēðel ("homeland"), similar to how other runes were sometimes used at the time.
25-1196: [REDACTED] Look up Adal , adal , -adal , عادل , or عدل in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Adal may refer to: A short form for Germanic names in aþala- (Old High German adal- ), "nobility, pedigree"; see Othalan Adál Maldonado (1948-2020), Puerto Rican artist Adal Ramones (born 1969), Mexican television show host Adal Hernandez (born 1973), American tattoo artist Adal Island , Malaysia Scandinavian Ådal (Old Norse Árdalr ), "river valley": Ådal , valley and former municipality in Buskerud county, Norway Illerup Ådal , archeological site in Denmark Arabic عدل ʿadl , "justice": Adal (historical region) , former geographic region in Northeast Africa Adal Sultanate ( عدل ), former sultanate in Northeast Africa The Arabic name of Awdal ,
50-560: A region in northwestern Somaliland Adal (sheep) , breed of sheep from Ethiopia FC Adal Asmara , football team from Eritrea Adal, Iran ( عادل ), a village in the Lorestan Province Adal was a political party in Kazakhstan . Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Adal . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
75-443: A region in northwestern Somaliland Adal (sheep) , breed of sheep from Ethiopia FC Adal Asmara , football team from Eritrea Adal, Iran ( عادل ), a village in the Lorestan Province Adal was a political party in Kazakhstan . Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Adal . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
100-1006: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Adal [REDACTED] Look up Adal , adal , -adal , عادل , or عدل in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Adal may refer to: A short form for Germanic names in aþala- (Old High German adal- ), "nobility, pedigree"; see Othalan Adál Maldonado (1948-2020), Puerto Rican artist Adal Ramones (born 1969), Mexican television show host Adal Hernandez (born 1973), American tattoo artist Adal Island , Malaysia Scandinavian Ådal (Old Norse Árdalr ), "river valley": Ådal , valley and former municipality in Buskerud county, Norway Illerup Ådal , archeological site in Denmark Arabic عدل ʿadl , "justice": Adal (historical region) , former geographic region in Northeast Africa Adal Sultanate ( عدل ), former sultanate in Northeast Africa The Arabic name of Awdal ,
125-705: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Othalan As with other symbols used historically in Europe such as the swastika and Celtic cross , othala has been appropriated by far-right groups such as the Nazi party and neo-Nazis , who have used it to represent ideas like Aryan heritage, a usage that is wholly modern and not attested in any ancient or medieval source. The rune also continues to be used in non-racist contexts, both in Heathenry and in wider popular culture such as
150-465: Is in turn derived from Proto-Germanic : * aþalą , meaning "nobility" and "disposition". Terms derived from * ōþalą are formative elements in some Germanic names , notably Ulrich . The term "odal" ( Old Norse : óðal ) refers to Scandinavian laws of inheritance which established land rights for families that had owned that parcel of land over a number of generations, restricting its sale to others. Among other aspects, this protected
175-606: Is part of the runic alphabet, the othala rune is used widely in a non-racist manner and should be interpreted in conjunction with its context. As with other historical runes, othala is used by J.R.R. Tolkien in The Hobbit as seen on Thror's map of Erebor , and as a base for the dwarvish Cirth writing systems used in The Lord of the Rings and described in Tolkien's Legendarium . Othala
200-655: The Vimose planer ( Vimose-Høvelen , DR 206 ). The corresponding Gothic letter is 𐍉 (derived from Greek Ω ), which had the name oþal . The othala rune is found in some transitional inscriptions of the 6th or 7th century, such as the Gummarp , Björketorp and Stentoften runestones, but it disappears from the Scandinavian record by the 8th century. The Old Norse o phoneme at this time becomes written in Younger Futhark in
225-566: The ACU and CPAC, said they would stop using Design Foundry. The neo-folk group Death in June used othala on the cover of their 7'' Come Before Christ And Murder Love alongside their " Totenkopf 6" logo. The group does not openly support far-right ideologies however scholars have noted the group's fascination with Nazism and extensive usage of Nazi, and more widely fascist, imagery. Othala, along with other runes more widely, often feature prominently in
250-915: The Anglo-Afrikaner Bond, the Boeremag , the Blanke Bevrydingsbeweging , the Italian neo-fascist group National Vanguard , the Afrikaner Student Federation and the far-right wing White Liberation Movement before it was disbanded. In November 2016, the leadership of the National Socialist Movement announced their intention to replace the Nazi-pattern swastika with the othala rune on their uniforms and party regalia in an attempt to enter mainstream politics. The rune
275-406: The alternative name for othala. White supremacists who use the rune often claim it symbolises the heritage or land of " white " or " Aryan " people which should be free from foreigners. It has been noted however that this usage is a new invention by the groups and is not attested in any source from before the modern period, being labelled by runologist Michael Barnes as "spring[ing] entirely from
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#1732844176665300-445: The form ōþila- ) and is used to express an œ sound, but is attested only rarely in epigraphy (outside of simply appearing in a futhark row). In some runic inscriptions, such as on the Seax of Beagnoth , and more commonly in manuscripts, othala is written with a single vertical line instead of the two diagonal legs, perhaps due to its simpler form. The rune is also used as a shorthand for
325-651: The imagination". In some cases, individuals and organisations have been accused of using the rune as a far-right symbol, such as in April 2014 when the British Topman clothing company apologised after using it in one of their clothing lines. Furthermore, at the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) held in Orlando, Florida, on February 25–28, 2021, the floor layout of the main stage resembled
350-647: The inheritance rights of daughters against males from outside the immediate family. Some of these laws remain in effect today in Norway as the Odelsrett ( allodial right ). The tradition of Udal law found in Shetland , Orkney , and the Isle of Man , is from the same origin. The o -rune is attested early, in inscriptions from the 3rd century, such as the Thorsberg chape ( DR7 ) and
375-421: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adal&oldid=1124781504 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with given-name-holder lists Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Articles containing Arabic-language text Articles containing Persian-language text Short description
400-421: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adal&oldid=1124781504 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with given-name-holder lists Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Articles containing Arabic-language text Articles containing Persian-language text Short description
425-532: The meaning "an inherited estate" for the rune name: ᛟ bẏþ oferleof æghƿẏlcum men, gif he mot ðær rihtes and gerẏsena on brucan on bolde bleadum oftast. [An estate] is very dear to every man, if he can enjoy there in his house whatever is right and proper in constant prosperity. The symbol derived from othala with wings or feet ( serifs ) was the badge of the SS Race and Settlement Main Office , which
450-420: The practices of Heathens , and are commonly used to decorate items and in tattoos. The use of runes such as othala by far-right groups has been strongly condemned by some Heathen groups, including Asatru UK which released a public statement that "[it] is categorically opposed to fascist movements, or any movements, using the symbols of our faith for hate". The Anti-Defamation League notes that because it
475-527: The same way as the u phoneme, with the Ur rune . It has been suggested that the othala rune on the Ring of Pietroassa is used to represent the word "*oþal", referencing the ring as hereditary treasure. Similarly, Wolfgang Krause speculated that the o rune is used as an ideograph denoting possession in the Thorsberg chape inscription, reading the inscription owlþuþewaz as O[þila] - W[u]lþu-þewaz "inherited property -
500-553: The servant of Wulþuz ". The Anglo-Saxon runes preserve the full set of 24 Elder Futhark runes (besides introducing innovations), but in some cases these runes are given new sound values due to Anglo-Frisian sound changes. The othala rune is such a case: the o sound in the Anglo-Saxon system is now expressed by ōs ᚩ, a derivation of the old Ansuz rune ; the othala rune is known in Old English as ēðel (with umlaut due to
525-452: The winged form of the othala rune, leading to speculation on social media as to why that design was chosen. CPAC chairman Matt Schlapp said comparisons were "outrageous and slanderous". Design firm Design Foundry later took responsibility for the design of the stage, saying that it "intended to provide the best use of space, given the constraints of the ballroom and social distancing requirements." Ian Walters, director of communications for
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#1732844176665550-418: The word ēþel or œþel ("ancestral property or land") in texts such as Beowulf , Waldere and the Old English translation of Orosius ' Historiae adversus paganos . This is similar to wider practices of the time, in which runes such as ᛞ , ᚹ and ᛗ were also used as shorthands to write the name of the rune. Epigraphical attestations include: The Anglo-Saxon rune poem preserves
575-482: The works of J.R.R. Tolkien and video games. The sole attested name of the rune is Old English : ēþel , meaning "homeland". Based on this, and cognates in other Germanic languages such as Old Norse : óðal and Old Frisian : ēthel , the Proto-Germanic : * ōþalą can be reconstructed, meaning "ancestral land", "the land owned by one's kin", and by extension "property" or "inheritance". * ōþalą
600-469: Was further used, along with other traditional symbols from European cultures such as a Tiwaz rune and a Celtic cross , and slogans associated with Nazism and far-right extremism by the Christchurch mosque shooter Brenton Harrison Tarrant . Heathen Front was a Neo-Nazi group, active during the 1990s to 2005 that espoused a racist form of Heathenry and described its ideas as odalism in reference to
625-796: Was responsible for maintaining the racial purity of the Nazi Schutzstaffel (SS). It was also the emblem of ethnic Germans ( Volksdeutsche ) of the 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen operating during World War II in the Nazi Germany-sponsored Independent State of Croatia . The rune and winged symbol have been used by the Neo-Nazi Wiking-Jugend in Germany, and in South Africa by
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